eISSN 2175-3369
Licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons
deslocamento na cidade de João Pessoa, PB
Expansion process versus urban sustainability: refl ection about
displacement alternatives in the city of João Pessoa, PB
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This paper examines issues of expansion of mid-sized cities, such as João Pessoa, capital of the State of Paraiba, in order to verify the performance of different segments of civil society, of private initiative and public sec-tor and its contributions to the deployment of a sprawling growth model. This study compares the car-road model to the precepts espoused by an opposed line of thought, the "urban sustainability". For this purpose,
Luciana Andrade dos Passos[a], Fabiana de Albuquerque Silveira[b], Ana Luzia Lima Rodrigues Pita[c],
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Conceituação e contextualização do tema
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reference is made to the studies already undertaken on the urban evolution of João Pessoa, urban interven-tions relating to the actors involved with the improvements in the transportation sector. Finally, the proposed plans and contemporary designs for public transport are analyzed from the perspective of the principles of urban sustainability, emphasizing the need for dialogue between different social actors to deployment of alternative shift compatible with the historical, cultural, social, political and economic location’s complexity and speci icity.
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7i$=;kO;<ddk=.#lcc`>G# Figura 1 - Ciclo de problemas: expansão urbana e transporte
Fonte: Adaptado de ANTP, 1997. Uso do automóvel incentivado Expansão urbana Aumento das distâncias e custos Transporte público ineficiente Redução dos serviços de transporte público Prejuízos para os usuários Aumenta intesse do automóvel
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Evolução da cidade de João Pessoa e suas implicações no tecido intraurbano
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Figura 2 - Iconografi a, época do domínio holandês, 1647
Fonte: GOULART FILHO, 2000 apud OLIVEIRA, 2006.
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É importante ressaltar que nos anos de 1977 e
1978, foram elaboradas duas propostas2 para o
pla-no integrado de transporte (Figura 4), concebido por Jaime Lerner, contratado pelo Prefeito Hermano Almeida. O plano, apesar de não ter sido executa-do, infl uenciou os planos de transportes posteriores (OLIVEIRA, 2006). /*,)%*# 1(M*%-!-# 1(%*)%(\*-# C0,C*+(1!-# ,0# 4A!,0# 1*# `a{{.# D01*2# -*%# C()!1!-.# !(,1!# 1*# !C0%10# C02# 0#!')0%.#!#(,1(C!W@0#1!-#!M*,(1!-#;%'\#1!-#$%2!-#*# Q!2+!X.# D0--(+(A()!,10.# C02# (--0.# 0# 1*-A0C!2*,)0# 10# C*,)%0# f-# D%!(!-G# $(,1!.# ,0M0-# A0)*!2*,)0-# '%6 +!,0-#P0%!2#!D%0M!10-#*2#``#1*#0')'+%0#1*#`aop.# ,0# D%(2*(%0# ;51(L0# 1*# 40-)'%!-# *# ,!# D%(2*(%!# d*(# k%L^,(C!#1*#?0@0#4*--0!.#*#,0M0-#+!(%%0-#-'%L(%!2# ,!# D!%)*# -'A# 1!# C(1!1*.# *-)(2'A!10-# D*A!# (2DA!,6 )!W@0# 1!# ;(1!1*# 3,(M*%-()Y%(!# ,0# L0M*%,0# 1*# ?0-T# $2T%(C0#1*#$A2*(1!.#,!#1TC!1!#1*#`aqcG#O*--*#D*6 %J010.# P0%!2# C0,-)%'J10-# C0,U',)0-# F!+()!C(0,!(-# A0C!A(\!10-#*2#Y%*!-#!P!-)!1!-#10#C*,)%0#1!#C(1!1*.# C020# 0-# +!(%%0-# 1*# <SD*1(C(0,Y%(0-# *# ?!L'!%(+*.# +*2# C020# ,0-# +!(%%0-# 10# ;*,)%0.# Q0%%*# *# Q!2+(Y# 7;k3QhOKk.#lcco>G <2# `aqc.# ,0# L0M*%,0# 1*# ?0-T# $2T%(C0# 7`aq`6 `aqb>.#!#$M*,(1!#<D()YC(0#4*--0!#P0(#D!M(2*,)!1!#*# 0#+0,1*#D!'A!)(,!2*,)*#P0(#ZD*%1*,10#D%*-)JL(0[#*# !#ZD%(2!\(![#D!--!M!#D!%!#0-#_,(+'-#*#!#A0)!W@0#72!6 %(,*)*-># 7H<ddk.# `aqq# !D'1# kdhi<hN$.# lccb>G# $-# 1'!-#XA)(2!-#A(,F!-#1*#+0,1*.#!#d(,F!#10#;02T%C(0# Tentáculos Legenda Setores Tentáculos VARADOURO Setor A CENTRO Setor B TAMBIA Setor C R. Boto de Menezes R. Mandacaru R. Sergio Meira Av. Tancredo Neves Av. Cruz das Armas R. das Trincheiras Av. Epitácio Pessoa Av. José Américo de Almeida Av. Pedro II Cadastro Urbano Multifinalitário
Entilmente cedido pela Caixa Econômica Federal. Projeções Cartográficas: UTM SAD 1969. Compilação, Edição e Layout Bezerra, J. P. P. $ Sales, A. L. P.
2009. 1:35.000
0 300 600 1.200 1.800 Meters
Figura 3 - Centro e principais corredores da cidade, tentáculos
Fonte: Cadastro Urbano Multifi nalitário, cedido pela Caixa Econômica Federal. Compila-ção, edição e layout de BEZERRA; SALES, 2009 apud SALES, 2009.
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Figura 4 - Intervenções físicas, segunda proposta de Jaime Lerner para o
Plano Integrado de Transporte de João Pessoa, 1978
-0V(-)(C!10-#*#10#C02T%C(0#L*%!%!2#'2!#*-)%')'%!# 2!(-#!--(2T)%(C!.#,!#&'!A#!#C(1!1*#0%L!,(\!6-*#*2# P!)(!-#-0C(0*-D!C(!(-.#%*-'A)!,10#*2#*P*()0-#,0C(M0-# f# -'-)*,)!+(A(1!1*# *# f# &'!A(1!1*# 1*# M(1!G# 401*2# -*%#C()!10-#C020#*S*2DA0-#1*--*-#*P*()0-#1!,0-0-# D%(,C(D!(-#10#201*A0#1*#*SD!,-@0#1*-0%1*,!10B#7(># *-D%!(!2*,)0# '%+!,0# C02# (2D!C)0-# -0+%*# 0# 2*(0# !2+(*,)*#,!)'%!A#D*%('%+!,0j#7((>#1*-M!A0%(\!W@0#*# 1*)*%(0%!W@0#1!#Y%*!#C*,)%!A#)%!1(C(0,!Aj#7(((>#%*VA*S0# 10#C0,-'20#*-D!C(!A.#)*2D0%!A.#*,*%LT)(C0#*#2!)*6 %(!A#-0+%*#0-#D%0M(2*,)0-#'%+!,0-#*#!#&'!A(1!1*#1*# M(1!#1!#D0D'A!W@0j#*#7(M>#1(P*%*,C(!W@0#1!#2!C%0!6 C*--(+(A(1!1*.#!'2*,)!,10#!-#1*-(L'!A1!1*-#,0-#*-6 D!W0-#(,)%!'%+!,0-#7=hdi<hN$#*)#!AG.#lccp>G $AT2# 1(--0.# *2# 1'!-# \0,!-# 1!# C(1!1*# 1*# ?0@0# 4*--0!.# !# 0C'D!W@0# *# 0# '-0# 10# -0A0# *-)@0# (,)*%P*6 %(,10#,!#*V(C(],C(!#10#)%!,-D0%)*#'%+!,0G#O!#\0,!# -'1*-)*.# !# 0C'D!W@0# 0C0%%*# D%*102(,!,)*2*,)*# 1*# P0%2!# F0%(\0,)!A# *# -*# 1(-)!,C(!# C!1!# M*\# 2!(-# 10# C*,)%0# 1!# C(1!1*G# ?Y# ,!# \0,!# A*-)*.# *2# M(%)'1*# 10# A(2()*# (2D0-)0# D*A0# 0C*!,0.# 0C0%%*# '2# !1*,6 -!2*,)0#C!%!C)*%(\!10#D*A!#M*%)(C!A(\!W@0#1!-#F!6 +()!WR*-G#d0L0.#C020#*-)*#!1*,-!2*,)0#T#P%')0#1!# D%0C'%!#1!#CA!--*#!+!-)!1!#D0%#Y%*!-#2!(-#M!A0%(6 \!1!-.#!#C!D!C(1!1*#1*#)%YP*L0#1!-#M(!-#1*#!C*--0# *-)Y#C!1!#M*\#2!(-#C02D%02*)(1!#D*A0#'-0#*SC*-6 -(M0#10#!')025M*A#78N<hN<.#lccp>G O!#\0,!#-'1*-)*.#&'*#)*2#C020#*(S0#D%(,C(D!A#0# C0%%*10%#1!#$M*,(1!#/02#4*1%0#hh.#!#C!1!#1(!#,0M0-# A0)*!2*,)0-# *# C0,U',)0-# F!+()!C(0,!(-# M@0# -*# P0%6 2!,10G#<--*#-*)0%#1!#C(1!1*#!+%(L!#D%*102(,!,)*6 2*,)*#'2!#D0D'A!W@0#1*#+!(S!#%*,1!#&'*#1*D*,1*# 10# )%!,-D0%)*# DX+A(C0# D!%!# -*# 1*-A0C!%# ,0# -*'# 1(!# !# 1(!G# O0# *,)!,)0.# !# P!A)!# 1*# &'!A(1!1*# 10# )%!,-6 D0%)*#!C!+!#C02D%02*)*,10#!#20+(A(1!1*#,!#Y%*!# 78N<hN<.#lccp>G#k#,XCA*0#)%!1(C(0,!A#1!#C(1!1*#P0(# D*%1*,10# !# -'!# 1(M*%-(1!1*# ,0-# '-0-# *# P',WR*-# *.# C0,-*&'*,)*2*,)*.#M*(0#!#D!--!%#D0%#'2#D%0C*--0# 1*#1*)*%(0%!W@0#10-#-*'-#(25M*(-.#C020#)!2+T2#1*# 1*-C!%!C)*%(\!W@0#D0%#'-0-#(2D%5D%(0-.#C020#0V(C(6 ,!-#2*C^,(C!-#D0%#*S*2DA0G#<--*#D%0C*--0#1*#1*-6 C*,)%!A(\!W@0# -*# (,)*,-(V(C0'# ,!-# XA)(2!-# 1TC!1!-# 78(L'%!#b>G $#*SD!,-@0#1*#?0@0#4*--0!#0C0%%*'#1*#P0%2!#-*6 2(%%!1(0C0,C],)%(C!.#!C*,)'!,10#)*%%()5%(0-#D*%(PT6 %(C0-.#-*)0%*-#1*#CJ%C'A0#*#!#-*L%*L!W@0#1!-#CA!--*-# -0C(!(-.#1*#!C0%10#C02#0#*-&'*2!#*-)%')'%!A#'%+!,0# 1*#K0y).#,0#&'!A#!#-*L%*L!W@0#*-D!C(!A#!--'2*#'2# D!1%@0#1*#1*-*,M0AM(2*,)0#*2#-*)0%*-#!#D!%)(%#10#
Figura 5 - Dispersão do comércio e de se rviços em João Pessoa
Fonte: Cadastro Urbano Multifi nalitário, cedido pela Caixa Econômica Federal. Compilação, edição e layout de BEZERRA; SALES, 2009 apud SALES, 2009.
Figura 6 - Reconstituição da área urbana de João Pessoa em diversos
perío-dos, mostrando a sua expansão e dispersão gradativa
Oceano Atlântico
Oceano Atlântico
Legenda
Segmento
Sem fins lucrativos Direito público Templos Residenciais Terrenos Prestação de Serviços Industrial Comercial
Cadastro Urbano Multifinalitário gentilmente cedido pela Caixa Econômica Federal. Projeções Cartográficas: UTM SAD 1969. Compilação, Edição e Layout Bezerra, J. P. P. $ Sales, A. L. P. 2009. 1:70.000 Meters 0 625 1.250 2.500 3.750 Praia de Tambaú Ponta do Seixas Jardim Botânico Mangabeira UFPB Área Central Distrito Industrial BR 230 BR 101/210 BR 101 N 1634 1855 1889 1923 1930 1946 1954 1972 1978 1983 1994 2004 Legenda Ano
C*,)%0#1!#C(1!1*#78(L'%!#{>G#/*#!C0%10#C02#*--*#206 1*A0.#!-#Y%*!-#%*-(1*,C(!(-#1*#!A)0#status#A0C!A(\!26-*# ,0#-*)0%#1*#2!(0%*-#!2*,(1!1*-.#C*%C!1!-#D*A0-#-*6 )0%*-#1*#D0D'A!W@0#1*#2T1(0#statusG#/(!2*)%!A2*,)*# 0D0-)0# *,C0,)%!6-*# '2# !2DA0# -*)0%# F!+()!10# D*A!# D0D'A!W@0#1*#+!(S0#status#7=hdi<hN$#*)#!AG.#lccp>G /'%!,)*#0#D%0C*--0#1*#*SD!,-@0#1!#C(1!1*.#0-#(,6 )*%*--*-#1!-#CA!--*-#1*#!A)!#%*,1!#0C'D!%!2#!-#Y%*6 !-#*A*M!1!-.#DA!,!-#*#A()0%^,*!-#7=*)0%#;*,)%06d*-)*.# CA!--*#1*#!A)!#%*,1!.#*#=*)0%#='1*-)*.#CA!--*#2T1(!># *-)(2'A!,10#,*--*-#A0C!(-#0#-'%L(2*,)0#1*#C02T%C(0# *#1*#-*%M(W0-G#<--*-#-'+C*,)%0-.#,0-#+!(%%0-#1*#;!+0# 9%!,C0.# Q!2+!X.# H!,!J%!# *# 9*--!.# (,C*,)(M!%!2# !# C0,-)%'W@0#1*#*-C0A!-.#2*%C!10-.#A0U!-.#C0,-'A)5%(0-.# %*-)!'%!,)*-.#D%0V(--(0,!(-#A(+*%!(-#*#1*2!(-#-*%M(W0-G# O0#*,)!,)0.#0-#-*)0%*-#1*#CA!--*#2T1(!6+!(S!#7;*,)%06 ='A6='1*-)*>#*#1*#+!(S!#%*,1!#7-*)0%*-#;*,)%06='A#*# k*-)*>#*-)@0#-()'!10-#D%*102(,!,)*2*,)*#,!-#Y%*!-# C02# (,P%!*-)%')'%!# D%*CY%(!.# *2# Y%*!-# !2+(*,)!A6 2*,)*#P%YL*(-#7Y%*!-#!A!L!1!-#1*#H!,1!C!%'.#10#N(0# ?!L'!%(+*.#10#9!(%%0#=@0#?0-T>#*#Y%*!-#1*-M!A0%(\!1!-# 10#C*,)%0#7$O/N$/<#*)#!AG.#lcca>G
$#*SD!,-@0#'%+!,!#*2#1(%*W@0#f#0%A!#2!%J)(2!# 0C0%%*'#!)%*A!1!#f#(1*(!#1*-*,M0AM(2*,)(-)!.#!0#M!6 A0%# 2*%C!10A5L(C0# 1!# A0C!A(\!W@0# *-D!C(!A# '%+!,!# *# !0# 201*A0# !')020+(AJ-)(C06%010M(Y%(0.# C!%!C)*6 %(\!10#D*A0#1(2*,-(0,!2*,)0#1!-#%010M(!-#D!%!#0# !')025M*A# D!%)(C'A!%.# ,*LA(L*,C(!,10# 0# )%!,-D0%6 )*# DX+A(C0# *# C02# (,M*-)(2*,)0-# (,-'V(C(*,)*-# D!%!# D%020W@0# 1!# 20+(A(1!1*# 1!# D0D'A!W@0# 1*# +!(S!# %*,1!G# 4!%!# kA(M*(%!# 7lccb>.# 0# (,)*,-0# D%0C*--0# 1*# 201*%,(\!W@0# 1*2!,10'# (,)*%M*,WR*-# %YD(1!-# ,!# *-)%')'%!#'%+!,!.#2'1!,W!-#,0#-(-)*2!#M(Y%(0#*#1*# Setor Centro-Leste Epitácio Pessoa - Alta Renda
Setor Sudeste Pedro I - Media Renda
Setor Centro Sul
Dois de Fevereiro - Média/Baixa Renda Setor Sudoeste
Cruz das Armas - Baixa Renda Setor Oeste
Corredor Oeste - Baixa Renda
Percentual 70,0 Ano 60,0 50,0 40,0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 )%!,-D0%)*-.#&'*#P0%!2#C0,C*+(1!-#1*#P0%2!#D0,)'!A# *#1*-C0,)J,'!G#k#*-D%!(!2*,)0#1!#C(1!1*#)0%,!#C!1!# M*\#2!(-#1(VJC(A#!#(,)*L%!W@0#*,)%*#!-#Y%*!-#C02#'2# X,(C0#2*(0#1*#)%!,-D0%)*#&'!,10.#-*L'(,10#!#A(,F!# 1*#D*,-!2*,)0#1!#-'-)*,)!+(A(1!1*#'%+!,!.#1*M*%(!# *-)(2'A!%#!#*SD!,-@0#D!%!#0#(,)*%(0%#1!#2!AF!#'%+!6 ,!.#0C'D!,10#0-#M!\(0-#'%+!,0-G /*#!C0%10#C02#1!10-#0D*%!C(0,!(-#1!#='D*%(,6 )*,1],C(!# 1*# Q%!,-D0%)*-# *# Q%^,-()0# 1*# ?0@0# 4*-6 -0!# 7=QQN$O=.# lccq>.# 0# -(-)*2!# 1*# )%!,-D0%)*-# C0A*)(M0-# 1!# C(1!1*.# &'*# UY# CF*L0'# !# )%!,-D0%)!%# 2!(-#1*#`cGcccGccc#D!--!L*(%0-#D0%#2]-#,0#(,JC(0# 1!#1TC!1!#1*#`aac.#*2#lccq#)%!,-D0%)!M!#C*%C!#1*# pGqccGccc# D!--!L*(%0-# D0%# 2]-.# D%01'\(,10# &'!6 -*#0#10+%0#1*#-'!#&'(A02*)%!L*2.#C02#0#10+%0#1!# P%0)!G#$0#C0,)%Y%(0#1*#`aas.#&'!,10#*--*#-(-)*2!#
Gráfi co 1 - Taxa de percentual de passageiros transportados por dia/População 1988-2004
Figura 7 - Esquema estrutural urbano da cidade de João Pessoa pelo
mo-delo de Hoyt
C0,-'A)!-#DX+A(C!-G#$#D0D'A!W@0#,@0#)*M*#L!%!,)(10# 0#1(%*()0#1*#(,)*%M(%#7C02#-'L*-)R*-.#0D(,(R*-.#&'*-6 )(0,!2*,)0->.#*#)!2+T2#,@0#)*M*#!2DA0#!C*--0#!0-# 10C'2*,)0-#71!10-#*#1*)!AF*-#)TC,(C0->G#O!-#D!A!6 M%!-#10-#!')0%*-B GGG"#)!A#D%0U*)0#(2D!C)!%Y#1*C(-(M!2*,)*#0#2010#1*# M(1!#,!#C(1!1*.#!P*)!,10#!#P0%2!#1*#-*#A0C020M*%# *#e#*2#!AL',-#C!-0-#e#1*#-*#20%!%#*2#?0@0#4*--0!G# =0+#0-#)*%20-#1!#L*-)@0#1*20C%Y)(C!#*#D!%)(C(D!6 )(M!#&'*#!,',C(!#0#<-)!)')0#1!#;(1!1*.#(-)0#U'-)(6 V(C!%(!#0#*,M0AM(2*,)0#D0D'A!%#,!#P0%2'A!W@0#10# D%0U*)0G# <2# 0D0-)0.# !# 4%*P*()'%!# 1*# ?0@0# 4*--0!# 0D)0'#D0%#'2!#D0AJ)(C!#DX+A(C!#)*C,0C%!)(C!2*,6 )*# P0%2'A!1!# D0%# 2*(!# 1X\(!# 10-# Z(A'2(,!10-[.# )%!,C!10-#*2#L!+(,*)*-.#1*-C0,-(1*%!,10#&'*#!-# D*--0!-#&'*#M(M*2#,!#C(1!1*#D01*2#*#1*M*2#-*%# D*%C*+(1!-# C020# -'U*()0-# D0AJ)(C0-# !)(M0-.# D!%)(6 C(D!)(M0-#*#C!D!\*-#1*#0D(,!%#-0+%*#0-#%'20-#1!# C(1!1*#0,1*#M(M*2#78N<hN<j#=k$N<=.#lc``.#DG#o>G )%!,-D0%)!M!# *2# 2T1(!# )%]-# D!--!L*(%0-# *&'(M!6 A*,)*-# !# C!1!# &'(A_2*)%0# %01!10.# *2# lccq# )(,F!# '2#J,1(C*#1*#`.pb#D!--!L*(%0-#D0%#&'(A_2*)%0#D*%6 C0%%(10.#*#C02#)*,1],C(!#1*#&'*1!G#$AL'2!-#A(,F!-# %!1(!(-#0D*%!M!2#C02#%0)!-#1*#2!(-#1*#qc#n2#*#0# J,1(C*#1*#D!--!L*(%0-#D0%#&'(A_2*)%0#*-)!M!#!+!(S0# 1*#c.p#78N<hN<.#lccp>G /*#P0%2!#L*%!A.#*,)%*#`app#*#lcco.#0#D*%C*,)'!A# 1*#D!--!L*(%0-#)%!,-D0%)!10-#D0%#1(!.#*2#%*A!W@0#f# D0D'A!W@0.# 1(2(,'('G# 4!%)*# 1!# *SDA(C!W@0# D!%!# *--!# &'*1!# P0(# 1(%*C(0,!1!# !0# !'2*,)0# 1!# !&'(-(W@0# 1*# !')025M*(-#D!%)(C'A!%*-#D0%#2*(0#1*#V(,!,C(!2*,)0-# 2!(-#!C*--JM*(-.#*#1*#20)0C(CA*)!-.#*2#M(%)'1*#10#-*'# +!(S0#C0,-'20#1*#C02+'-)JM*A#7kdhi<hN$.#lccb>G N*C*,)*2*,)*.# ,!# L*-)@0# 10# 4%*P*()0# ?0-T# d'6 C(!,0#$L%!#1*#kA(M*(%!#7`aap6lc`l>.#!')0%#1*#D!%)*# 1!-#%*P*%],C(!-#C()!1!-#-0+%*#0#*-)'10#1!#*M0A'W@0# '%+!,!#1*#?0@0#4*--0!.#P0%!2#*S*C')!1!-#0+%!-#,!# Y%*!#1*#)%!,-D0%)*.#)!(-#C020#!#(2DA!,)!W@0#1*#D%06 D0-)!# 1!# <-)!W@0# 1*# h,)*L%!W@0# 1!-# A(,F!-# 1*# _,(6 +'-#C0A*)(M0-.#0#(,C*,)(M0#!0#'-0#1!#+(C(CA*)!#C02#!# C0,-)%'W@0# *# *S)*,-@0# 1*# C(CA0M(!-# *# C(CA0P!(S!-.# *# !#(,-*%W@0#1*#'2#-(-)*2!#1*#+(C(CA*)!-#DX+A(C!-#70# Z4*1!A!# ?0@0# 4*--0![>.# &'*# C0,-(-)*# *2# &'!)%0# *-6 )!WR*-#D!%!#A0C!W@0#1*#+(C(CA*)!-#A0C!A(\!1!-#,!#0%A!# 1!#C(1!1*G
;0,)'10.#T#0#D%0U*)0#Z;!2(,F0#d(M%*[#78(L'%!#p># &'*# *-)Y# C!'-!,10# 2!(-# D0A]2(C!G# <--*# D%0U*)0.# M(,C'A!10#!0#4%0L%!2!#1*#$C*A*%!2*,)0#10#;%*-6 C(2*,)0#74$;>#1!#H0+(A(1!1*#3%+!,!.#10#I0M*%,0# 8*1*%!A.#P0(#1(M'AL!10#D*A!#4%*P*()'%!#H',(C(D!A#1*# ?0@0#4*--0!#*2#U'AF0#1*#lc``.#C02#0#0+U*)(M0#1*# %*0%1*,!%#0#)%^,-()0#1!#C(1!1*#D0%#2*(0.#D0%#*S*26 DA0.# 1!# !2DA(!W@0# 1!-# !M*,(1!-# <D()YC(0# 4*--0!# *# ?0-T# $2T%(C0# 1*# $A2*(1!.# *# 1!# 1'DA(C!W@0# 1!# M(!# 10#$A)(DA!,0G
32!# 1!-# C%J)(C!-.# D'+A(C!1!# ,0# site# i()%'M('-.# T# 1*# !')0%(!# 10-# C(*,)(-)!-# -0C(!(-# N01%(L0# 8%*(%*# *# /!M(1#=0!%*-#7lc``>G#<A*-#%*C0,F*C*2#!#(2D0%)^,6 C(!# 10# D%0U*)0# ,0# &'*# )!,L*# f-# 1(%*)%(\*-# 1*# 0%1*6 ,!2*,)0#10#)%^,-()0#*#,!#!2DA(!W@0#10#!C*--0#!0-# )%!,-D0%)*-# DX+A(C0-.# 2!-# C%()(C!2.# 1*,)%*# 0')%0-# !-D*C)0-.#0#D%0C*--0#1*#P0%2'A!W@0#1!#D0AJ)(C!#DX6 +A(C!#%*!A(\!10#-*2#!2DA!#D!%)(C(D!W@0#1!#D0D'A!6 W@0G#/*#!C0%10#C02#0-#!')0%*-.#1'%!,)*#0#D%0C*--0# 1*# *A!+0%!W@0# 10# D%0U*)0# Z;!2(,F0# d(M%*[.# ,@0# P0(# 0+-*%M!10# ,*,F'2# 10-# 2*C!,(-20-# 1*# D!%)(C(D!6 W@0# D%*M(-)0-# ,!# d*(# ,G# `cGlq{:lcc`.# 1*,02(,!10# <-)!)')0# 1!# ;(1!1*.# C020# 1*+!)*-.# !'1(],C(!-# *#
Figura 8 - Imagens gráfi cas do Projeto “Caminho Livre”
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f#)*%%!#'%+!,!G#/*--!# 2!,*(%!.#-*%(!#D0--JM*A#0#-'%L(2*,)0#1*#!A)*%,!)(M!-# 1*#1*-A0C!2*,)0#!1*&'!1!-#f-#C02DA*S(1!1*-#*#f-# *-D*C(V(C(1!1*-# F(-)5%(C!-.# C'A)'%!(-.# -0C(!(-.# D0AJ)(6 C!-#*#*C0,_2(C!-#A0C!(-G# Referências
$I3h$N.#G#KG#iG#Cidade de João PessoaB !#2*25%(!#10# )*2D0G#?0@0#4*--0!B#h1T(!.#lcclG $O/N$/<.# 4G# $G# 8Gj# Nh9<hNk.# <G# dGj# =hdi<hN$.# ?G# $G# NG ;*,)%!A(1!1*#'%+!,!#,!#C(1!1*#1*#?0@0#4*--0!#e#49B#'2!# !,YA(-*#10-#'-0-#C02*%C(!(-#*#1*#-*%M(W0-#*,)%*#0#C*,)%0# )%!1(C(0,!A#*#0#C*,)%0#-*A*)(M0#e#`a{c:#lccbG#Vitruvius.# MG#a.#,G#`cb.#2!%W0#lccaG#/(-D0,JM*A#*2B# F))DB::~~~GM(6 )%'M('-GC02G+%:%*M(-)!-:%*!1:!%&'()*S)0-:# caG`cb:batG# $C*--0#*2B#s#2!%G#lc`lG $==k;h$mk#O$;hkO$d#/<#QN$O=4kNQ<=#49dh;k=#e# $OQ4G# Transporte humanoB# C(1!1*-# C02# &'!A(1!1*# 1*# M(1!G#=@0#4!'A0B#$OQ4.#`aa{G#
;$H4k=#8hdKk.#;G#HG#Reinvente seu bairroG#=@0#4!'A0B# <1()0%!#so.#lccsG
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vidaB# 0# C!-0# 1!# $M*,(1!# <D()YC(0# 4*--0!G# lccoG
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onsiderações fi nais 40%#2*(0#10#*-)'10#1!#*M0A'W@0#'%+!,!#1*#?0@0# 4*--0!#P0(#D0--JM*A#D*%C*+*%#!#!)'!W@0#1*#1(P*%*,)*-# !L*,)*-#-0C(!(-#,!#1(,^2(C!#10#P*,_2*,0#10#sprawl '%+!,0G#Q!,)0#0#-*)0%#DX+A(C0#C02#!-#(,)*%M*,WR*-# '%+!,!-# L0M*%,!2*,)!(-# 7C02# !+*%)'%!-# 1*# M(!-# *# C0,-)%'W@0# 1*# C0,U',)0-# F!+()!C(0,!(-.# D0%# *S*26 DA0>#&'!,)0#!#(,(C(!)(M!#D%(M!1!#7-*)0%#(20+(A(Y%(0># 1(%*C(0,!1!#!0-#(,)*%*--*-#1!-#CA!--*-#2T1(!#*#!A)!.# *#)!2+T2#!#D0D'A!W@0#1*#+!(S!#%*,1!#7*SCA'J1!#10# 2*%C!10#1*#)*%%!->#,!#0C'D!W@0#)*%%()0%(!A#1*#Y%*!-# 1*#D%0)*W@0#!2+(*,)!A#0'#non-edi icante.#!)'!2#1(6 %*)!2*,)*#,!#*-)%')'%!W@0#1!#2!AF!#'%+!,!G 4!%*C*# '%L*,)*# +'-C!%6-*# !A)*%,!)(M!-# D!%!# ,*'6 )%!A(\!%#0'#2(,(2(\!%#0#(2D!C)0#10-#D%0+A*2!-#'%+!6 ,0-#*2#?0@0#4*--0!.#0-#&'!(-#-@0#1*C0%%*,)*-.#1*,)%*# 0')%0-#P!)0%*-.#1!#!10W@0#10#201*A0#!')020+(AJ-)(C06 6%010M(Y%(0#'%+!,0G#k-#C0,L*-)(0,!2*,)0-#1*#)%^,6 -()0-#e#20)0-.#C!%%0-#0'#_,(+'-#e# UY# 1*20,-)%!2# !# -!)'%!W@0#1*--*#201*A0.#)!,)0#10#D0,)0#1*#M(-)!#1!# -'!# *-)%')'%!# VJ-(C!# &'!,)0# !2+(*,)!AG# $AT2# 1(--0.# M*%(V(C!6-*#!#(,VA'],C(!#1!-#P0%2!-#1*#*SD!,-@0#'%6 +!,!.#*2#%*A!W@0#f#L*%!W@0#1*#-*L%*L!W@0#-0C(0*-6 D!C(!A.#,0-#0+-)YC'A0-#f#!C*--(+(A(1!1*#10#D*1*-)%*# *2#P',W@0#1!#*-)%')'%!#*S)*,-(M!#*#1(%*C(0,!1!#!0# !')025M*AG# }#M(-JM*A#0#1*-*&'(AJ+%(0#*S(-)*,)*#*,)%*#!-#CA!--*-# -0C(!(-.#&'*#%*-'A)!2#,!#-*L%*L!W@0#-0C(!A#*#*-D!C(!Aj# !-#CA!--*-#2!(-#!+!-)!1!-#-@0#+*2#!--(-)(1!-#*2#(,P%!6 *-)%')'%!.#*2+0%!#*--!-#M(!-#1*#C(%C'A!W@0#1!#C(1!1*# UY#!D%*-*,)*2#D%0+A*2!-#1*#C0,L*-)(0,!2*,)0-#0C!6 -(0,!10-#D*A!#C%*-C*,)*#P%0)!#1*#M*JC'A0-#D!%)(C'A!%*-G# 40%)!,)0.# -*# !# *SD!,-@0# '%+!,!# %*-'A)!# ,@0# !D*,!-# 1*# DA!,0-# *# D%0U*)0-# )TC,(C0-# L0M*%,!2*,)!(-.# 2!-# )!2+T2#1!#!)'!W@0#10#-*)0%#D%(M!10.#10-#(,)*%*--*-# 1!#CA!--*#2T1(!#*#!A)!.#*#1!-#!A)*%,!)(M!-#1*#0C'D!W@0#
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AU, Arquitetura e Urbanismo.# ,G# `pq.# !L0-)0# 1*# lccaG# /(-D0,JM*A# *2B# F))DB::~~~G%*M(-)!!'GC02G+%:!%&'()*6 )'%!6'%+!,(-20:`pq:(2D%(2*`oablpG!-Dt# $C*--0# *2B# l#2!%G#lc`lG =hdi<hN$.# ?G# $G# NGj# Nh9<hNk.# <G# dGj# $HkNhH.# NG# 4G# dG# 4*%C'%-0-.# 20%P0A0L(!# *# -'-)*,)!+(A(1!1*# ,!# C(1!1*# 1*# ?0@0#4*--0!#49G#Vitruvius.#MG#a.#,G#ap.#-*)G#lccpG#/(-D0,JM*A# *2B# F))DB::~~~GM()%'M('-GC02G+%:%*M(-)!-:%*!1:2(6 ,F!C(1!1*:caGcap:`p{ptG#$C*--0#*2B#s#2!%G#lc`lG =hdi<hN$.#?G#$G#NGj#Nh9<hNk.#<G#dG#32!#!+0%1!L*2#C0,C*(6 )'!A#-0+%*#!#!C*--(+(A(1!1*#'%+!,!G#Conceitos.#MG#b.#DG#`{`6 `{b.#lccbG
=$d<=.# $G# dG# 4G# O centro principal de João PessoaB# *-6 D!C(!A(1!1*.# F(-)0%(C(1!1*# *# C*,)%!A(1!1*-G lccaG# `o`# PG# /(--*%)!W@0#74%0L%!2!#1*#45-6I%!1'!W@0#*2#I*0L%!V(!.# ;*,)%0#1*#;(],C(!-#<S!)!-#*#1!#O!)'%*\!>#e#3,(M*%-(1!1*# 8*1*%!A# 1!# 4!%!J+!.# ?0@0# 4*--0!.# lccaG# /(-D0,JM*A# *2B# F))DB::~~~GL*0C(*,C(!-G'PD+G+%:D0-L%!1:1(--*%)!C06 *-:!,1%*!-!A*-GD1PtG#$C*--0#*2B#s#2!%G#lc`lG
=34<NhOQ<O/rO;h$# /<# QN$O=4kNQ<=# <# QNO=hQk# /<#?kk#4<==k$#e#=QQN$O=G#Relatório de desempenho operacional de transporte coletivo por ônibusG# ?0@0# 4*--0!B#=QQN$O=.#lccqG
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ihdd$m$.#8G#Espaço intra-urbano no BrasilG#=@0#4!'A0B# =)'1(0#O0+*A.#lcc`G N*C*+(10B#ls:cs:lc`` ReceivedB#cs:ls:#lc`` $D%0M!10B#`b:co:lc`l ApprovedB#co:`b:lc`l ;kNNr$.#NG#dG O espaço urbano.#lG#*1G#=@0#4!'A0B#)(C!.# `aasG
8<NN$.#=Gj#/3$<N.#?G#Pesquisa, produção e consumo da habitação e o mercado imobiliário em João PessoaG# ?0@0#4*--0!B#<1()0%!#3,(M*%-()Y%(!#1!#3849.#`apqG 8N<hN<.# 4G# =G# HG# k# )%!,-D0%)*# '%+!,0# 1*# ?0@0# 4*--0!G# Vitruvius.#MG#p.#,G#al.#2!%G#lccpG#/(-D0,JM*A#*2B# F))DB:: ~~~GM()%'M('-GC02G+%:%*M(-)!-:%*!1:2(,F!C(1!6 1*:cpGcal:`paptG#$C*--0#*2B#o#2!%G#lc`lG 8N<hN<.# NGj# =k$N<=.# /G# $# (,)*%M*,W@0# ,0# )%^,-()0# 1*# ?0@0# 4*--0!B#C!2(,F0#P*CF!10#D!%!#!#-'-)*,)!+(A(1!1*#*#!#D!%)(C(6 D!W@0#D0D'A!%G#Vitruvius.#MG#`l.#,G#`sq.#0')G#lc``G#/(-D0,JM*A# *2B# F))DB::~~~GM()%'M('-GC02G+%:%*M(-)!-:%*!1:2(,F!6 C(1!1*:`lG`sq:ocbatG#$C*--0#*2B#o#2!%G#lc`lG
IkOm$di<=.#NG#;G#*)#!AG#A questão urbana na ParaíbaG sG#*1G#?0@0#4*--0!B#<1()0%!#3,(M*%-()Y%(!#1!#3849.#`aaaG# ?$uk9.#$G#$G#<G#3%+!,#-D%!~AB#C'-)0-.#+*,*VJC(0-#*#0#P')'%0# 1*# '2# 201*A0# 1*# 1*-*,M0AM(2*,)0# 10# '-0# 1!# )*%%!G# h,B# <O;kOQNk# /$# $==k;h$mk# 9N$=hd<hN$# /<# <=Q3/k=# 4k43d$;hkO$h=.# `sG.# lccl.# k'%0# 4%*)0G# AnaisGGG k'%0# 4%*)0B#$9<4.#lcclG d$9kN$QxNhk# /k# $H9h<OQ<# 3N9$Ok# <# </h8h;$/k# e# d$3N9<G# Reconstituição da área urbana de João Pessoa em diversos períodos, mostrando a sua ex-pansão e dispersão gradativaG# ?0@0# 4*--0!B# <1()0%!# 3,(M*%-()Y%(!#1!#3849.#lccbG#
Oh?u$H4.#4Gj#Nh<O=QN$.#=G#$G#Sustainable transport in a com-pact cityG#$2-)*%1!2B#$2-)*%1!2#3,(M*%-()y#4%*--.#`aaqG k?hH$.#NG#O0M0-#C0,)0%,0-#10#C%*-C(2*,)0#'%+!,0#+%!6 -(A*(%0 k#C0,C*()0#1*#urban#sprawl#*#0-#1*-!V(0-#D!%!#0# DA!,*U!2*,)0#%*L(0,!A#*#!2+(*,)!AG GEOgraphia.#MG#`c.# ,G#`a.#DG#ob6qa.#U!,G:U',G#lccpG#
kdhi<hN$.#?G#dG#$G#Uma contribuição aos estudos sobre a relação transportes e crescimento urbanoB 0#C!-0#1*# ?0@0#4*--0!#6#49G#lccbG#`ao#PG#/(--*%)!W@0#74%0L%!2!#1*# 45-6I%!1'!W@0# *2# <,L*,F!%(!# 3%+!,!># e# 3,(M*%-(1!1*# 8*1*%!A#1!#4!%!J+!.#?0@0#4*--0!.#lccbG 4N<8<hQ3N$# H3Oh;h4$d# /<# ?kk# 4<==k$# e# 4H?4G# =*C%*)!%(!#1*#;02',(C!W@0G#Caminho livreG#?0@0#4*--0!B# 4H?4.#lc``G Nh9<hNk.#<G#dG#Cidades (in)sustentáveisB#%*VA*SR*-#*#+'-6 C!#1*#201*A0-#'%+!,0-#1*#2*,0%#*,)%0D(!G#?0@0#4*--0!B# <1()0%!#3,(M*%-()Y%(!#1!#3849.#lccbG
