Acidul Lactic

(1)

xgfci1 xgfci1

Laovŧ Gćxćuio# Gftix Ag}iulio Jaxaőiov Laovŧ Gćxćuio# Gftix Ag}iulio Jaxaőiov Gacfklvc Oiŧlaoic –Fgi}fxloi ]famaxalv‚# ]èxkv Dlv Gacfklvc Oiŧlaoic –Fgi}fxloi ]famaxalv‚# ]èxkv Dlv

~ 9 ~ ~ 9 ~

–Gbljli fw}f a cljhć

lo}fxoiŧlaoicć# a cljhć gixf

frclgć mf vomf ufolj# gf wvo}fj

ől ïoga}xa of ïomxf}ćj/‚

Ix}bvx @axohfxk Ix}bvx @axohfxk

(2)

~xae/ ïomxvjć}ax Mio ]icihć ~xae/ ïomxvjć}ax Mio ]icihć

^xftfo}ixf kfofxicć4 ^xftfo}ixf kfofxicć4

Iglmvc cig}lg

Iglmvc cig}lg wivwiv iglmvc 8*blmxarl~xa~ioalgiglmvc 8*blmxarl~xa~ioalg fw}f vo iglfw}f vo iglm gixharlcm gixharlclg gv lg gv eaxjveaxjvci gbljlci gbljlgć hxv}ćgć hxv}ć

G

G77BB55AA77/ / Iuèom vo Iuèom vo kxv blmxarlc ivrlclix i}iői} kxvćxll gixharlckxv blmxarlc ivrlclix i}iői} kxvćxll gixharlclgf wf lgf wf ïogimxfïogimxfitć ïo itć ïo gi}fkagi}fkaxli igltlcax xli igltlcax icei*blmxarlclgl

icei*blmxarlclgl// Iuèom ïo jacfgvci wi vo gixhao iwljf}xlg# iglmvc cig}lg ai}f frlw}i wvh eaxji i malIuèom ïo jacfgvci wi vo gixhao iwljf}xlg# iglmvc cig}lg ai}f frlw}i wvh eaxji i mal

ltajfxl a}lgl ől a eaxjć xigfjlgć4 ltajfxl a}lgl ől a eaxjć xigfjlgć4

** Iglmvc M"*, cig}lg Iglmvc M"*, cig}lgwf ahŧlof xlo efxjfo}iŧliwf ahŧlof xlo efxjfo}iŧli kcvglmfcax gv vo efxjfo} wfglic/

kcvglmfcax gv vo efxjfo} wfglic/

** Iglmvc C"+, cig}lg Iglmvc C"+, cig}lg wf kiwfő}f ïo fr}xig}vc mf gixof# ellomwf kiwfő}f ïo fr}xig}vc mf gixof# ellom xftfo} ïo clgblmvc gfcvcix mlo jvőgbl/ Fw}f ltajfxvc gfc jil xftfo} ïo clgblmvc gfcvcix mlo jvőgbl/ Fw}f ltajfxvc gfc jil ljax}io} hlacaklg/ Wf eaxjfitć ïo elhxfcf jvwgvcixf wvvwf ljax}io} hlacaklg/ Wf eaxjfitć ïo elhxfcf jvwgvcixf wvvwf feax}vcvl ïo clwi arlkfovcvl/

feax}vcvl ïo clwi arlkfovcvl/

** Iglmvc "¹, cig}lg Iglmvc "¹, cig}lg fw}f xamvwvc ahlőovl} ic efxjfo}iŧlflfw}f xamvwvc ahlőovl} ic efxjfo}iŧlfl cig}lgf/ Wf kćwfő}f ïo livx}# ci}f igxv xaufolom mlo cig}ati cig}lgf/ Wf kćwfő}f ïo livx}# ci}f igxv xaufolom mlo cig}ati gaoŧlov}ć ïo ci}f/ Ïo jvxć}vxl ől ïo tfiji cax li oiő}fxf mlo gaoŧlov}ć ïo ci}f/ Ïo jvxć}vxl ől ïo tfiji cax li oiő}fxf mlo kcvglmfcf gaoŧlov}f ïo cfkvjf/

kcvglmfcf gaoŧlov}f ïo cfkvjf/

Wgvx} lw}axlg4 Wgvx} lw}axlg4

Iglmvc cig}lg i eaw} mfwgafxl} ïo iovc 9;2> mf gbljlw}vc wvfmft

Iglmvc cig}lg i eaw} mfwgafxl} ïo iovc 9;2> mf gbljlw}vc wvfmft Gixc Gixc [lcbfcj Wgbffcf

[lcbfcj Wgbffcf ïo}x*a jaw}xć mf ci}f igxv igfw}i xfvőlom ől a xljćïo}x*a jaw}xć mf ci}f igxv igfw}i xfvőlom ől a xljć

ltacixf i wi# mix xamvgfxfi ci olufc gajfxglic i ïogfv} ihli ïo iovc 9229# ltacixf i wi# mix xamvgfxfi ci olufc gajfxglic i ïogfv} ihli ïo iovc 9229# ïo

ïo Cl}Cl}}cf}cf}ao }ao "Ji"Jiwwiwwigbvwgbvwf}}f}}w# w# WVIWVI,/ ,/ IgfIgfw}i w}i fw}fw}f f ja}ja}luvluvc c fofo}xv }xv gixfgixf igfiw}ć wvhw}ioŧć gixf eigf ahlfg}vc gfxgf}ćxlcax ci olufc jaomlic i xljl} igfiw}ć wvhw}ioŧć gixf eigf ahlfg}vc gfxgf}ćxlcax ci olufc jaomlic i xljl} mfovjlxfi mf iglm cig}lg/

(3)

Xć

Xćw~èow~èomlxmlxfi ï fi ï o oi}vo oi}vxć ől jxć ől jf}amf}amf mf ahf mf ahŧlofŧlofxf xf 44

Iglmvc cig}lg wf kćwfő}f ïo oi}vxć ïo ci}fcf igxv# hfxf# wvgvc Iglmvc cig}lg wf kćwfő}f ïo oi}vxć ïo ci}fcf igxv# hfxf# wvgvc kiw}xlg# ŧfwv}vc

kiw}xlg# ŧfwv}vc jvwgvcix# jvwgvcix# xfxftfo}èom xamvwvc efxjfo}iŧlfl xfxftfo}èom xamvwvc efxjfo}iŧlfl cig}lgf icig}lgf i kcv

kcvglmglmfcafcax/ x/ Wf Wf ahŧahŧlof lof xlxlo o efxefxjfojfo}iŧ}iŧli li gao}gao}xacxaci}ć i}ć i i cćcćjftjftlcalcax x mfmf gix}ael# i jfciwfcax# i }ćxèŧfcax mf kxèv# i wlxavcvl mf axvjh# vomf wf gix}ael# i jfciwfcax# i }ćxèŧfcax mf kxèv# i wlxavcvl mf axvjh# vomf wf v}lcltfitć

v}lcltfitć Cig}ahiglccvw mfchxvfg`ll Cig}ahiglccvw mfchxvfg`ll xfgvj ől xlo efxjfo}iŧli ci}fcvl xfgvj ől xlo efxjfo}iŧli ci}fcvl

wjèo}èol}# i tfxvcvl mvcgf vomf wf v}lcltfitć

wjèo}èol}# i tfxvcvl mvcgf vomf wf v}lcltfitć Cig}lhiglccvw hvckixlgvw Cig}lhiglccvw hvckixlgvw//

Ïo cihaxi}ax# iglmvc

Ïo cihaxi}ax# iglmvc cig}lg wf cig}lg wf ai}f ahŧlof ai}f ahŧlof xloxloxfigŧli mlo}xf icmfblmi igf}lgć ől iglmvc glioblmxlgxfigŧli mlo}xf icmfblmi igf}lgć ől iglmvc glioblmxlg##

ci }fjfxi}vxć ïoic}ć ől wvh xfwlvof0 ci }fjfxi}vxć ïoic}ć ől wvh xfwlvof0

**blmxaclti iglmvcvl gcax*~xa~laolgblmxaclti iglmvcvl gcax*~xa~laolg##

*xfmvgfxfi iglmvcvl ~lxvulg *xfmvgfxfi iglmvcvl ~lxvulg

^

^xaxa~xl~xlf}f}ćŧ ćŧ l el eltlltlgf gf 44

Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f vo clgblm logacax wlxaaw# blkxawgalg wacvhlc ïo ić# icgaac ől kclgfxloć ïo axlgf Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f vo clgblm logacax wlxaaw# blkxawgalg wacvhlc ïo ić# icgaac ől kclgfxloć ïo axlgf xaaxŧ

xaaxŧlf/ Ixf mfowl}i}lf/ Ixf mfowl}i}fi 9#8=< ci 96¾G# lomlgfcf mf xfexigŧlf 9#==9= ci fi 9#8=< ci 96¾G# lomlgfcf mf xfexigŧlf 9#==9= ci 89¾G ől mftuac}ć a uaci}l89¾G ől mftuac}ć a uaci}lcl}i}cl}i}ff wgćtv}ć/

wgćtv}ć/

~ 7 ~ ~ 7 ~

(4)

Ic}f xaxlf}ćŧl eltlgf ljax}io}f wvo}4 Ic}f xaxlf}ćŧl eltlgf ljax}io}f wvo}4

* vog} mf }alxf4 C*67 ¾G# M*67 ¾G# M!C*95/2 ¾G# * vog} mf }alxf4 C*67 ¾G# M*67 ¾G# M!C*95/2 ¾G# * vog} mf elfxhfxf4 988 ¾G ci 9= jjBk ől 28 * vog} mf elfxhfxf4 988 ¾G ci 9= jjBk ől 28 aa_{G ci >#6 jj Bk#}_{G ci >#6 jj Bk#} * gaow}io}ć mf mlwaglfxf4 9#7; r 9> * gaow}io}ć mf mlwaglfxf4 9#7; r 9>*=*=_##

* gicmvxć mf gajhvw}lf4 9759 @D!jac# * gicmvxć mf gajhvw}lf4 9759 @D!jac# * gicmvxć wfglelgć ci 8>

* gicmvxć wfglelgć ci 8>aa_{G4 9<> D!jac r @/}_{G4 9<> D!jac r @/}

^

^xaxa~xl~xlf}f}ćŧ ćŧ l gl gbljbljlglgf f 44

Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f vo iglm wcih# gffi gf ïowfijoć gć mlwaglitć maix ixŧlic ïo ić/ Ïo wacvŧlf# gi Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f vo iglm wcih# gffi gf ïowfijoć gć mlwaglitć maix ixŧlic ïo ić/ Ïo wacvŧlf# gi axlgf iglm

axlgf iglm jaoahitlg# lfxmf vo xa}ao xamvgèom laovc jaoahitlg# lfxmf vo xa}ao xamvgèom laovc cig}i} wl cig}i} wl BB++_//

Igfiw}i fw}f a xfigŧlf xfufxwlhlcć wl mf fgblclhxv4 Igfiw}i fw}f a xfigŧlf xfufxwlhlcć wl mf fgblclhxv4

Xfigŧlaofitć eaix}f vőax gv jf}icfcf ig}luf eaxjèom cig}iŧl/ Xfigŧlaofitć eaix}f vőax gv jf}icfcf ig}luf eaxjèom cig}iŧl/

^xlo ïogictlxfi iglmvcvl cig}lg ïo wacvŧlf mf 92& gaogfo}xiŧlf acljfxltfitć 4 ^xlo ïogictlxfi iglmvcvl cig}lg ïo wacvŧlf mf 92& gaogfo}xiŧlf acljfxltfitć 4

(5)

^xlo logictlxf ci 97>¾ G wf }xioweaxjć ïo ioblmxlmć cig}lgć ől ial xlo gaomfowixf lo}xijacfgvcixć ^xlo logictlxf ci 97>¾ G wf }xioweaxjć ïo ioblmxlmć cig}lgć ől ial xlo gaomfowixf lo}xijacfgvcixć ïo}x*a mlcig}aoć glgclgć 4

ïo}x*a mlcig}aoć glgclgć 4

Jf}ihaclwjvc iglmvcvl cig}lg4 Jf}ihaclwjvc iglmvcvl cig}lg4

^xahihlc }ai}ć cvjfi i ivtl} uaxhlomv*wf mfwxf iglmvc cig}lg gi ellom xloglicvc –uloaui}‚ mf efhxi ^xahihlc }ai}ć cvjfi i ivtl} uaxhlomv*wf mfwxf iglmvc cig}lg gi ellom xloglicvc –uloaui}‚ mf efhxi jvwgvcixć/ Ïo vxji xfwlxiŧlfl gfcvcixf ixf cag vo xagfw mfawfhl} mf ljax}io} *

jvwgvcixć/ Ïo vxji xfwlxiŧlfl gfcvcixf ixf cag vo xagfw mfawfhl} mf ljax}io} * kclgacltikclgaclti# ïo vxji# ïo vxji

gćxvli wf eaxjfitć fofxkli ofgfwixć xagfwfcax hlacaklgf# gixf ui el ïojikitloi}ć ïo jacfgvci mf gćxvli wf eaxjfitć fofxkli ofgfwixć xagfwfcax hlacaklgf# gixf ui el ïojikitloi}ć ïo jacfgvci mf I]^"imfoatlo}xleawei},/

I]^"imfoatlo}xleawei},/

I}vogl gèom arlkfovc ofgfwix arlmćxll fw}f wvelglfo}# xagfwvc kclgacltfl fw}f mvw èoć ci eloic gv I}vogl gèom arlkfovc ofgfwix arlmćxll fw}f wvelglfo}# xagfwvc kclgacltfl fw}f mvw èoć ci eloic gv eaxjixf mf ioblmxlmć gixhaolgć ől ić *

eaxjixf mf ioblmxlmć gixhaolgć ől ić *kclgacltć ifxahlgć/kclgacltć ifxahlgć/

Migć arlkfovc f lowvelglfo}# kcvgati ai}f el arlmi}ć gajcf} ől xagfwvc kclgacltfl wf }fxjloć gv Migć arlkfovc f lowvelglfo}# kcvgati ai}f el arlmi}ć gajcf} ől xagfwvc kclgacltfl wf }fxjloć gv eaxjixf mf iglm lxvulg# gixf iggf}èom vo lao B

eaxjixf mf iglm lxvulg# gixf iggf}èom vo lao B++ _{wf ui }xioweaxji ïo iglm cig}lg *}_{wf ui }xioweaxji ïo iglm cig}lg *}_{kclgacltć ioifxahlgć}_{kclgacltć ioifxahlgć}_//

~ 6 ~ ~ 6 ~

(6)

^x

^xagfagfwvc wvc kcl kcl gacgacltfltfl l 44

Jacf

Jacfgvci mf kcvgatć gixf gaoŧlgvci mf kcvgatć gixf gaoŧlof őiwf i}ajl mf gixhao of őiwf i}ajl mf gixhao fw}f mfwefw}f mfweigv}ć ïo mavć kxvćxl gixhigv}ć ïo mavć kxvćxl gixhao/ao/ Igfw} cvgxv wf ïo}èjcć f ixgvxwvc xljfcax tfgf xfigŧll gbljlgf mlo jajfo}vc ïo gixf i ïogfv} Igfw} cvgxv wf ïo}èjcć f ixgvxwvc xljfcax tfgf xfigŧll gbljlgf mlo jajfo}vc ïo gixf i ïogfv} jf}ihacltixfi vofl jacfgvcf mf kcvgatć mf gć}xf I]^/

jf}ihacltixfi vofl jacfgvcf mf kcvgatć mf gć}xf I]^/

Jacfgvci mf I]^ gfmfitć kcvgatfl a kxvixf eawei}# xftvc}èom kcvgati 5*eawei}# gixf xlo Jacfgvci mf I]^ gfmfitć kcvgatfl a kxvixf eawei}# xftvc}èom kcvgati 5*eawei}# gixf xlo ltajfxltixf eaxjfitć exvg}atć 5*eawei}/

ltajfxltixf eaxjfitć exvg}atć 5*eawei}/

Ex Ex

vvgg }}aa

ti 5*

eawei} iggf}ć ïogi a kxvixf eawei} xaufol}ć mlo}x*a oavć jacfgvcć mf I]^# eaxjèom exvg}atć 9#5* eawei} iggf}ć ïogi a kxvixf eawei} xaufol}ć mlo}x*a oavć jacfgvcć mf I]^# eaxjèom exvg}atć 9#5* mleawei}/ Ïo vxji}aixfi f}ić# jacfgvci mf exvg}atć 9#5*mleawei} wf wglomfitć ől wf ahŧlo mavć jacfgvcf mleawei}/ Ïo vxji}aixfi f}ić# jacfgvci mf exvg}atć 9#5*mleawei} wf wglomfitć ől wf ahŧlo mavć jacfgvcf mf mlblmxarl*igf}aoć*7 eawei}# gixf xlo ltajfxltixf eaxjfitć mavć jacfgvcf mf kclgfxlo*icmfblmć 7 mf mlblmxarl*igf}aoć*7 eawei}# gixf xlo ltajfxltixf eaxjfitć mavć jacfgvcf mf kclgfxlo*icmfblmć 7 eawei}/

eawei}/

Kcl

Kclgfxlgfxlo*ico*icmfbmfblmi 7*eawelmi 7*eawei} i} iggfiggf}ć a }ć a kxvkxvixf eaweiixf eawei}# }# fclfclhfxèhfxèom om vo vo xa}xa}ao ao ől eaxjèől eaxjèom om a a wvhwvhw}iw}ioŧioŧi low}ihlcć gixf wvh igŧlvofi IM^*vcvl "imfoatlomleawei}vcvl, ui eaxji a jacfgvcć mf I]^ ől voi iglm 7* low}ihlcć gixf wvh igŧlvofi IM^*vcvl "imfoatlomleawei}vcvl, ui eaxji a jacfgvcć mf I]^ ől voi iglm 7* eaweakclgfxlg# gixf

(7)

Fofxkl

Fofxkli wvh eaxji wvh eaxji I]^*vci I]^*vcvl wf eaxjvl wf eaxjfitć fitć ïo jl}ïo jl}agaomxlagaomxll f hiti lal f hiti laolcax olcax BB++ _fclhf_{fclhfxiŧl mf*i}_{xiŧl mf*i cvokvc}_cvokvc

xfigŧllcax gbljlgf/ Igfő}li wvo} xfcviŧl mf }xiowax}i}axl wfglicl# gixf wvo} jacfgvcfcf mf

xfigŧllcax gbljlgf/ Igfő}li wvo} xfcviŧl mf }xiowax}i}axl wfglicl# gixf wvo} jacfgvcfcf mf olga}loolga}lo imfolof mlovgcfa}lmf

imfolof mlovgcfa}lmf "OIM"OIM++, wiv, wiv eciulof imfolof mlovgcfa}lmf eciulof imfolof mlovgcfa}lmf "EIM"EIM++, ől }xiowax}iŧl ïo jl}agaomxll#, ől }xiowax}iŧl ïo jl}agaomxll#

igfiw}i ïo gaomlŧll ifxahf mf xamvgfxf i fofxklfl/ igfiw}i ïo gaomlŧll ifxahf mf xamvgfxf i fofxklfl/

Iglmvc 8*eaweakclgfxlg ui fcljloi a jacfgvcć mf ić wvh igŧlvofi foacitfl ől wf ui }xioweaxji ïo Iglmvc 8*eaweakclgfxlg ui fcljloi a jacfgvcć mf ić wvh igŧlvofi foacitfl ől wf ui }xioweaxji ïo iglm foaclxvulg gixf ui mfufol iglm lxvulg/

iglm foaclxvulg gixf ui mfufol iglm lxvulg/

Ïo jam oaxjic# iglmvc lxvulg ui }xfgf xlo ic}f xagfwf Ïo jam oaxjic# iglmvc lxvulg ui }xfgf xlo ic}f xagfwf arlmi}luf ci olufcvc

arlmi}luf ci olufcvc jl}agaomxlfljl}agaomxlfl/ Ïo clwi A/ Ïo clwi A88# fc ui iggf}i vo# fc ui iggf}i vo

xa}ao }xioweaxjèomv*wf ïo iglm cig}lg/ Ïo jajfo}vc ïo gixf xa}ao }xioweaxjèomv*wf ïo iglm cig}lg/ Ïo jajfo}vc ïo gixf gfcvci ixf wvelglfo} arlkfo# iglmvc cig}lg ui el arlmi} wiv ui el gfcvci ixf wvelglfo} arlkfo# iglmvc cig}lg ui el arlmi} wiv ui el xfgaoufx}l} ïo kcvgatć ci olufcvc gfcvcfcax bfi}lgf mix ől ïo ic}f xfgaoufx}l} ïo kcvgatć ci olufcvc gfcvcfcax bfi}lgf mix ől ïo ic}f ŧfwv}vxl/

ŧfwv}vxl/

Mfgl iglmvc cig}lg wf eaxjfitć ïo vxji voax xagfwf jf}ihaclgf# fc iuèom vo xac eaix}f ljax}io} Mfgl iglmvc cig}lg wf eaxjfitć ïo vxji voax xagfwf jf}ihaclgf# fc iuèom vo xac eaix}f ljax}io} ïo iixlŧli ahawfcll jvwgvcixf# i}vogl gèom wf igvjvcfitè ïo gfcvcfcf jvwgvcixf/ Igfi wfotiŧlf mf ïo iixlŧli ahawfcll jvwgvcixf# i}vogl gèom wf igvjvcfitè ïo gfcvcfcf jvwgvcixf/ Igfi wfotiŧlf mf ahawficć gixf iixf ïo vxji vovl feax} eltlg waclgl}io} fw}f mf ei} vo –wfjoic‚ gv xacvc mf i xfufol ahawficć gixf iixf ïo vxji vovl feax} eltlg waclgl}io} fw}f mf ei} vo –wfjoic‚ gv xacvc mf i xfufol wvxiwaclgl}ixfi jvwgvci}vxll/ Wfotiŧli mf –ixwvxć‚ fw}f givti}ć mf wgbljhixfi B*vcvl gixf mfulof iglm wvxiwaclgl}ixfi jvwgvci}vxll/ Wfotiŧli mf –ixwvxć‚ fw}f givti}ć mf wgbljhixfi B*vcvl gixf mfulof iglm mlo givti iglmvcvl cig}lg eaxji}/ A gxfő}fxf eaix}f jixf i gaogfo}xiŧlfl cvl ïo jvőgbl ai}f iefg}i mlo givti iglmvcvl cig}lg eaxji}/ A gxfő}fxf eaix}f jixf i gaogfo}xiŧlfl cvl ïo jvőgbl ai}f iefg}i gao}xigŧli jvőgblvcvl wiv ïc ai}f mfw}ihlclti jf}ihaclg/

gao}xigŧli jvőgblvcvl wiv ïc ai}f mfw}ihlclti jf}ihaclg/ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~

(8)

Ïo gaogcvtlf# iglmvc cig}lg ov }xfhvlf xlul} gi vo xamvw jf}ihaclg ećxć Ïo gaogcvtlf# iglmvc cig}lg ov }xfhvlf xlul} gi vo xamvw jf}ihaclg ećxć xaw} ől olgl gi a –}arloć‚ mfaixfgf axkiolwjvc ai}f v}lclti iglmvc ïo }ai}f xaw} ől olgl gi a –}arloć‚ mfaixfgf axkiolwjvc ai}f v}lclti iglmvc ïo }ai}f gfcvcfcf gixf awfmć

gfcvcfcf gixf awfmć CMB "cig}i} mfblmxakfoiti,# eCMB "cig}i} mfblmxakfoiti,# evogŧlaoèom ïo wfowvogŧlaoèom ïo wfowvcvc cig}i}*lxvui} ől arlkfo ïo gio}l}i}f wvelglfo}ć fo}xv i v}lclti OIMB

cig}i}*lxvui} ől arlkfo ïo gio}l}i}f wvelglfo}ć fo}xv i v}lclti OIMB88 eaxji} cieaxji} ci

olufcvc cioŧvcvl xfwlxi}ax/ olufcvc cioŧvcvl xfwlxi}ax/

^xloglicfcf gfcvcf gixf v}lcltfitć cig}i} wvo}4 ^xloglicfcf gfcvcf gixf v}lcltfitć cig}i} wvo}4

**gfcvcfcf gfcvcfcf bf~i}lgbf~i}lgff4 CMB bfi}lg evog}laofitć ïo wfowvc arlmćxll cig}i}vcvl ïo lxvui} gixf ui el4 CMB bfi}lg evog}laofitć ïo wfowvc arlmćxll cig}i}vcvl ïo lxvui} gixf ui el

eacawl} cagic ïo jf}ihaclwjvc ifxah ic gfcvcfl wiv xfgaoufx}l} ïo arica*igf}i}# ial ïo kcvgatć f gicfi eacawl} cagic ïo jf}ihaclwjvc ifxah ic gfcvcfl wiv xfgaoufx}l} ïo arica*igf}i}# ial ïo kcvgatć f gicfi ofakclgakfoftfl/ Kcvgati fw}f fclhfxi}ć ïo glxgvciŧlf ől ai}f el xfv}lclti}ć gi wvhw}xi} fofxkf}lg ic ofakclgakfoftfl/ Kcvgati fw}f fclhfxi}ć ïo glxgvciŧlf ől ai}f el xfv}lclti}ć gi wvhw}xi} fofxkf}lg ic jvőgblvcvl0

jvőgblvcvl0

**gfcvcfcf gixmligfgfcvcfcf gixmligf4 gblix ïo }ljvc frfxglŧlvcvl mf lo}fowl}i}f eaix}f jixf# gfcvcfcf gixmligf wvo}4 gblix ïo }ljvc frfxglŧlvcvl mf lo}fowl}i}f eaix}f jixf# gfcvcfcf gixmligf wvo}

haki}f ïo arlkfo# frgfŧlf ećgèom gitvxlcf i}acaklgf/ Mvć }xioweaxjixfi cig}i}vcvl ïo lxvui}# igfw}i haki}f ïo arlkfo# frgfŧlf ećgèom gitvxlcf i}acaklgf/ Mvć }xioweaxjixfi cig}i}vcvl ïo lxvui}# igfw}i

fw}f v}lclti} ïo jf}ihaclwjvc fofxkf}lg ifxah gixmlig/ fw}f v}lclti} ïo jf}ihaclwjvc fofxkf}lg ifxah gixmlig/

**gfcvcfcf jvwgvcixfgfcvcfcf jvwgvcixf ïo xfivw v}lcltfitć iglmvc cig}lg gèom igfw}i fw}f ïo gaogfo}xiŧlf gxfwgèomć őlïo xfivw v}lcltfitć iglmvc cig}lg gèom igfw}i fw}f ïo gaogfo}xiŧlf gxfwgèomć ől

gèom frlw}ć a hvoć arlkfoixf/ Ïo igfw} efc# mvć ïogf}ixfi vovl frfxglŧlv fvltio}# olufcvc iglmatfl wf gèom frlw}ć a hvoć arlkfoixf/ Ïo igfw} efc# mvć ïogf}ixfi vovl frfxglŧlv fvltio}# olufcvc iglmatfl wf oaxjicltfitć xakxfwlu mvć 7>*5> jlov}f/

oaxjicltfitć xakxfwlu mvć 7>*5> jlov}f/

A ix}f mlo iglm fw}f fcljloi} vxloix mix gv a lfxmfxf mf fofxklf gixf ov fw}f ofkcldihlcć/ A ix}f mlo iglm fw}f fcljloi} vxloix mix gv a lfxmfxf mf fofxklf gixf ov fw}f ofkcldihlcć/

Igvjvcixfi mf iglm cig}lg evog}laofitć gi vo wfjoic fo}xv gxflfx fo}xv i xfmvgf feax}vc/ Igvjvcixfi mf iglm cig}lg evog}laofitć gi vo wfjoic fo}xv gxflfx fo}xv i xfmvgf feax}vc/ Lo}fxfwio} fw}f gć igfw} jfgiolwj ov fw}f xftfo} ci }ai}f jijlefxfcf# gfc jil fcagufo} frfjcv fw}f gfc Lo}fxfwio} fw}f gć igfw} jfgiolwj ov fw}f xftfo} ci }ai}f jijlefxfcf# gfc jil fcagufo} frfjcv fw}f gfc ic gilcax# ci gixf ov iixf iglmvc cig}lg ïo }ljvc feax}vcvl//

ic gilcax# ci gixf ov iixf iglmvc cig}lg ïo }ljvc feax}vcvl//

Ïo xficl}i}f# ov wf ő}lf frig} gixf fw}f givti iixlŧlfl efhxfl jvwgvcixf# mix gfi jil civtlhlcć Ïo xficl}i}f# ov wf ő}lf frig} gixf fw}f givti iixlŧlfl efhxfl jvwgvcixf# mix gfi jil civtlhlcć uixlio}ć xćjèof gfi i lo}arlgćxll gfcvcfcax jvwgvcixf/

uixlio}ć xćjèof gfi i lo}arlgćxll gfcvcfcax jvwgvcixf/

V}lc

V}lcltć ltć xl ixl icf icf iglmglmvcvl vcvl cig}cig}lg lg 44

Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f v}lclti} fo}xv4 Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f v}lclti} fo}xv4

* ïjhvoć}ćŧlxfi mlwfxwllcax xa}flofcax mlo av ci eihxlgixfi avćcfcax xie0 * ïjhvoć}ćŧlxfi mlwfxwllcax xa}flofcax mlo av ci eihxlgixfi avćcfcax xie0 * ci eihxlgixfi hxèotf}vxlcax fo}xv gaxfg}ixfi iglml}ćŧll0

* ci eihxlgixfi hxèotf}vxlcax fo}xv gaxfg}ixfi iglml}ćŧll0 * ci iglmlelfxfi wvgvxlcax mf exvg}f0

* ci iglmlelfxfi wvgvxlcax mf exvg}f0 * ci eihxlgixfi jilaoftfcax0

* ci eihxlgixfi jilaoftfcax0

* ci xfcvoklxfi mvxi}fl mf gaowfxuixf i gćxoll ïo gixgiwf0 * ci xfcvoklxfi mvxi}fl mf gaowfxuixf i gćxoll ïo gixgiwf0

(9)

Ïo icljfo}iŧlf fw}f gvoawgv} wvh ovjfcf mf F8;>/ Wvh eaxjć mf

Ïo icljfo}iŧlf fw}f gvoawgv} wvh ovjfcf mf F8;>/ Wvh eaxjć mf cig}i} mf gicglvcig}i} mf gicglv wf eacawfő}fwf eacawfő}f cici ïo}ćxlxfi efcllcax mf jfxf

ïo}ćxlxfi efcllcax mf jfxf ïo }ljïo }ljvc xfcvgxćvc xfcvgxćxll }fxjlxll }fxjlgf# wxf i ïjlfmlgf# wxf i ïjlfmlgi gi jamlejamlelgixfi mf gvcailgixfi mf gvcaixf cixf ci

exvg}f ől ufkf}icf# gi

exvg}f ől ufkf}icf# gi ikfo} mf kfclelgixfikfo} mf kfclelgixf i fg}lofci fg}lofcax mfjf}lci}ax mfjf}lci}f ől fo}xv i f ől fo}xv i ïjhvoïjhvoć}ćŧl ć}ćŧl xaxlfxaxlf}ćŧlc}ćŧlcff

wfotaxlicf icf ci}fcvl xie/ Iglmvc cig}lg wf v}lcltfitć fo}xv ahŧlofxfi ci}fcvl iglm ofgfwix gallcax wfotaxlicf icf ci}fcvl xie/ Iglmvc cig}lg wf v}lcltfitć fo}xv ahŧlofxfi ci}fcvl iglm ofgfwix gallcax xfgvj ől fo}xv ahŧlofxfi fw}fxlcax ől i wćxvxlcax gv v}lcltixf ïo lomvw}xli eixjigfv}lgi "cig}i} mf gicglv xfgvj ől fo}xv ahŧlofxfi fw}fxlcax ől i wćxvxlcax gv v}lcltixf ïo lomvw}xli eixjigfv}lgi "cig}i} mf gicglv

ől jikoftlv,/ ől jikoftlv,/

Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f ji}fxlf xljć ïo xamvwfcf cig}i}f xfgvj livx}vc# `felxvc# ől hxèotf}vxl eihxlgi}f Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f ji}fxlf xljć ïo xamvwfcf cig}i}f xfgvj livx}vc# `felxvc# ől hxèotf}vxl eihxlgi}f jiovic /

jiovic / GitfloiGitfloi mlo ci}fcf efxjfo}i} fw}f gaikvci}ć mf iglmvc cig}lg/mlo ci}fcf efxjfo}i} fw}f gaikvci}ć mf iglmvc cig}lg/

Ïo jfmlgloć# iglmvc cig}lg

Ïo jfmlgloć# iglmvc cig}lg wf lodfg}fitć lo}xiufoaw wf lodfg}fitć lo}xiufoawïo gitvcïo gitvc gajfcax mlihf}lgfgajfcax mlihf}lgf# lix ïo gitvc# lix ïo gitvc kiw}xa* kiw}xa* fo}fxl}fcax loeio}lcf

fo}fxl}fcax loeio}lcf wf imjlolw}xfitć ~f gicf axicć wf imjlolw}xfitć ~f gicf axicć //

Ïo ulolelgiŧlf# iglmvc cig}lg wf v}lcltfitć fo}xv

Ïo ulolelgiŧlf# iglmvc cig}lg wf v}lcltfitć fo}xv idvw}ixfi ~B*vcvl jvw}vcvlidvw}ixfi ~B*vcvl jvw}vcvl ïoilo}f mf efxjfo}ixf#ïoilo}f mf efxjfo}ixf#

fo}xv i wf gao}xaci mfwećővxixfi igfw}fli xfgvj ől fo}xv idvw}ixfi iglml}i}ll ulovxlcax ïoilo}f mf fo}xv i wf gao}xaci mfwećővxixfi igfw}fli xfgvj ől fo}xv idvw}ixfi iglml}i}ll ulovxlcax ïoilo}f mf ïoufgblxf # ïo gixf git ïoufgblxfi wf wgvx}fitć xlo ei}vc gć wf eaxjfitć fw}fxl cig}lgl gixf gao}xlhvlf ci ïoufgblxf # ïo gixf git ïoufgblxfi wf wgvx}fitć xlo ei}vc gć wf eaxjfitć fw}fxl cig}lgl gixf gao}xlhvlf ci hvgbf}vc ulovcvl/ Igfw} }xi}ijfo} fw}f ofgfwix jil icfw migć jvw}vxlcf xaulo mlo w}xvkvxl xfi gaŧl hvgbf}vc ulovcvl/ Igfw} }xi}ijfo} fw}f ofgfwix jil icfw migć jvw}vxlcf xaulo mlo w}xvkvxl xfi gaŧl

gixf wvo} mfelgl}ixl ïo igltl axkiolgl/Vo iwfjfofi jvw} ui gaomvgf ci ahŧlofxfi vovl ulo ci} "ofiglm,/ gixf wvo} mfelgl}ixl ïo igltl axkiolgl/Vo iwfjfofi jvw} ui gaomvgf ci ahŧlofxfi vovl ulo ci} "ofiglm,/

Iglmvc cig}lg mf v}lcltfitć ől ci eihxlgixfi ufkf}icfcax jvxi}f/ Imiawvc wf eigf ïo w}imlvc mf wćxixf Iglmvc cig}lg mf v}lcltfitć ől ci eihxlgixfi ufkf}icfcax jvxi}f/ Imiawvc wf eigf ïo w}imlvc mf wćxixf 

fo}fo}xv xv i i ïjïjllfmfmlgi lgi mftmftuauac}c}ixixfi fi highig}f}fxlxllclcax ax mf mf v}v}xfexfeigig}l}lf# f# fxfxjljlŧèŧèom om mfmftutuacac}i}ixfi xfi mxmxadadmlmllclcax ax őlől cig}ahiglclcax/ Ïo igfw} efc xamvwfcf xćjèo }ixl ől ïo vofcf gitvxl ichf "gfić# gaoalmć,/ Ci gaowfxuixfi cig}ahiglclcax/ Ïo igfw} efc xamvwfcf xćjèo }ixl ől ïo vofcf gitvxl ichf "gfić# gaoalmć,/ Ci gaowfxuixfi jćwclofcax# imiawvc mf iglm cig}lg ïjlfmlgć mftuac}ixfi hig}fxllcax mf v}xfeigŧlf ïoilo}f mf i ïogff jćwclofcax# imiawvc mf iglm cig}lg ïjlfmlgć mftuac}ixfi hig}fxllcax mf v}xfeigŧlf ïoilo}f mf i ïogff efxjfo}iŧli cig}lgć xaxlv*tlwć/

efxjfo}iŧli cig}lgć xaxlv*tlwć/

Iglmvc cig}lg ai}f el ïo}icol} ïo uixli}f jèogćxvxl xfixi}f# mf ahlgfl elf gi vo xfkci}ax ic B*vcvl Iglmvc cig}lg ai}f el ïo}icol} ïo uixli}f jèogćxvxl xfixi}f# mf ahlgfl elf gi vo xfkci}ax ic B*vcvl elf gi vo gaowfxuio}/ Jil ai}f el eacawl} gi ől gi}iclti}ax ic efxjfo}iŧlfl ïo èlofi mf axft ől aućt/

elf gi vo gaowfxuio}/ Jil ai}f el eacawl} gi ől gi}iclti}ax ic efxjfo}iŧlfl ïo èlofi mf axft ől aućt/

Ïo iolelgiŧlf# iglmvc cig}lg gao}xlhvlf ci gaxfg}ixfi ećlovxlcax wcihf# xlo fefg}vc f gixf ïc ixf Ïo iolelgiŧlf# iglmvc cig}lg gao}xlhvlf ci gaxfg}ixfi ećlovxlcax wcihf# xlo fefg}vc f gixf ïc ixf iw

iwvvxi xi kckcv}v}fofovcvcvlvl/ / FeFefgfg}v}vc c fwfw}f }f fufulmlmfo} fo} jijil l icicfw fw ïo ïo gigitvc tvc ećećlololl ll mf mf wfwfgigixć# xć# gigit t ïo ïo gixgixf f igiglmlmvcvc ïj

ïjhvhvoć}oć}ćŧćŧfwfw}f }f jvjvc} c} xxaxaxlflf}ć}ćŧlŧlcf cf uèuèwgwga*fa*fciciw}w}lglgf f icicf f icicvivi}v}vxlxlcacax# x# ïo ïo clcl}f}fxi}xi}vxi vxi mf mf wwfglfglicicl}l}i}i}f f wfwf jfo}laofitć vxji}aixfcf matf4 ïo iolelgiŧlf 8>>> jk!`k ećloć0 ïo xamvwfcf mvcgl mlo ećloć

jfo}laofitć vxji}aixfcf matf4 ïo iolelgiŧlf 8>>> jk!`k ećloć0 ïo xamvwfcf mvcgl mlo ećloć 8>>> jk!`k0 ci hxèotf}vxl "}xi}ijfo}vc mf wvxieiŧć, wacvŧlf 9>& 0 ïo fr}xig} mf jicŧ =>>jk!`k/ 8>>> jk!`k0 ci hxèotf}vxl "}xi}ijfo}vc mf wvxieiŧć, wacvŧlf 9>& 0 ïo fr}xig} mf jicŧ =>>jk!`k/

Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f eaix}f cixk eacawl} fo}xv xfmvgfxfi hig}fxllcax i}akfolgf xfgvj#

Iglmvc cig}lg fw}f eaix}f cixk eacawl} fo}xv xfmvgfxfi hig}fxllcax i}akfolgf xfgvj# Fwgbfxlgbli Fwgbfxlgbli gacl#

gacl# WicjaofcciWicjaofcci## Gij~|cahig}fx Gij~|cahig}fx wlwl Clw}fxli Clw}fxli mf f gimiuxfcf ioljicfcax xfgvj jlfl# axgl ől ćwćxl ïomf f gimiuxfcf ioljicfcax xfgvj jlfl# axgl ől ćwćxl ïo

}ljvc xagfwvcvl mf jćgfcćxlf / }ljvc xagfwvcvl mf jćgfcćxlf /

~ < ~ ~ < ~

(10)

WW ff

v}lcltfitć ől wvh eaxjć mf cig}i}/

v}lcltfitć ől wvh eaxjć mf cig}i}/ Cig}i}vc mf ~a}iwlv Cig}i}vc mf ~a}iwlv fw}f eacawl} ïo xamvwfcf mf gixof xaiwf}f őlfw}f eacawl} ïo xamvwfcf mf gixof xaiwf}f ől

xfixi}f fo}xv ćw}xixfi gvcaxll ől xfmvgfxfi gaoŧlov}vcvl mf wamlv/

xfixi}f fo}xv ćw}xixfi gvcaxll ől xfmvgfxfi gaoŧlov}vcvl mf wamlv/ Cig}i}vc mf wamlv Cig}i}vc mf wamlv ixf vo kvw} wicloixf vo kvw} wiclo

ől fw}f mfgl a}xlul} fo}xv ćw}xixfi kvw}vcvl ől ixajfl ïo xamvwfcf mf gixof/

ől fw}f mfgl a}xlul} fo}xv ćw}xixfi kvw}vcvl ől ixajfl ïo xamvwfcf mf gixof/ Cig}i}vc mf gicglv Cig}i}vc mf gicglv fw}f gfcfw}f gfc

jil mfw eacawl} fo}xv eax}lelgixfi ől ïjhvoć}ćŧlxfi xamvwfcax mf gixof fjvcwleli}f xfgvj gxfj{vxw}ll/ jil mfw eacawl} fo}xv eax}lelgixfi ől ïjhvoć}ćŧlxfi xamvwfcax mf gixof fjvcwleli}f xfgvj gxfj{vxw}ll/ Gixofi ől xamvwfcf iulgacf gaoŧlo ïo kfofxic

Gixofi ől xamvwfcf iulgacf gaoŧlo ïo kfofxic cig}i} mf wamlv ől ~a}iwlvcig}i} mf wamlv ől ~a}iwlv fo}xv gao}xacvc hig}fxlflfo}xv gao}xacvc hig}fxlfl

Clw}fxli jaoag|}akfofw/ Clw}fxli jaoag|}akfofw/

Ig}lul}i}f fr~fxljfo}icć4 Ig}lul}i}f fr~fxljfo}icć4

Ïo ufmfxfi gfxgf}ćxll xaxlf}ćŧlcax Ïo ufmfxfi gfxgf}ćxll xaxlf}ćŧlcax iglmvc

iglmvcvl cig}lg vl cig}lg ij xficlti} xig}lg ől ij xficlti} xig}lg ől gi}fuigi}fui xxffiiggŧŧlll l ggbblljjllgf gf őől l iij j oaoa}}ii} } ggèè}}ffuuii ahwfxuiŧll4

ahwfxuiŧll4

9/Arlmixfi iglmvcvl cig}lg4 9/Arlmixfi iglmvcvl cig}lg4

(11)

Xfigŧli ixf cag ïo xftfoŧi wlw}fjvcvl arlmio} eaxji} mlo mlgxaji} mf a}iwlv ïo xftfoŧi iglmvcvl Xfigŧli ixf cag ïo xftfoŧi wlw}fjvcvl arlmio} eaxji} mlo mlgxaji} mf a}iwlv ïo xftfoŧi iglmvcvl wvc

wvcevxevxlg/ lg/ MfgMfgvxkf vxkf vŧvŧlo lo ulaulacfocfo} } elellom lom v}v}folfolg g fra}fra}fxjfxjć ć ől ől xamxamvgf vgf feffefxufwxufwgfoŧgfoŧć ć mi}mi}axlaxl}ć }ć mfkimfkidćxdćxllll blmxakfovcvl eaxji}# }a}ami}i eaxjèomv*wf

blmxakfovcvl eaxji}# }a}ami}i eaxjèomv*wf a wvhw}ioŧć ufxmf gixf fxi a wvhw}ioŧć ufxmf gixf fxi iglmvc lxvulg/iglmvc lxvulg/

8/Fw}fxlelgixfi iglmvcvl cig}lg4 8/Fw}fxlelgixfi iglmvcvl cig}lg4

Xfigŧli ixf cag ïo xftfoŧi iglmvcvl wvcevxlg ől ci }fjfxi}vxć/ Wf eaxjfitć a wvhw}ioŧć jixaolv* Xfigŧli ixf cag ïo xftfoŧi iglmvcvl wvcevxlg ől ci }fjfxi}vxć/ Wf eaxjfitć a wvhw}ioŧć jixaolv* xawli}lgć gv jlxaw cćgv}# mfgl

xawli}lgć gv jlxaw cćgv}# mfgl vo fw}fx ovjl} cig}i} mf f}lc/vo fw}fx ovjl} cig}i} mf f}lc/

7/Mfgixharlcixf iglmvcvl cig}lg4 7/Mfgixharlcixf iglmvcvl cig}lg4

Mfgixharlcixfi iglmvcvl lxvulg eaxji} xlo arlmixfi iglmvcvl cig}lg ixf cag ïo xftfoŧi mf blmxarlm Mfgixharlcixfi iglmvcvl lxvulg eaxji} xlo arlmixfi iglmvcvl cig}lg ixf cag ïo xftfoŧi mf blmxarlm mf wamlv ci }fjfxi}vxć xlmlgi}ć/ Wf ahwfxuć eaxjixfi vofl wvhw}ioŧf gv jlxaw cćgv} mf jfxf ufxtl gixf mf wamlv ci }fjfxi}vxć xlmlgi}ć/ Wf ahwfxuć eaxjixfi vofl wvhw}ioŧf gv jlxaw cćgv} mf jfxf ufxtl gixf w*i maufml} i el icmfblmć igf}lgć/

w*i maufml} i el icmfblmć igf}lgć/

~ 99 ~ ~ 99 ~

(12)

Hlhclakxielf4 Hlhclakxielf4

9/Gaow}io}lo Hiov –Iml}

9/Gaow}io}lo Hiov –Iml}lul ől lokxfmlfo}f fo}xv lul ől lokxfmlfo}f fo}xv lomvw}xli icljfo}ixć‚# Fml}vxi ]fbolgć# lomvw}xli icljfo}ixć‚# Fml}vxi ]fbolgć# Hvgvxfő}l#Hvgvxfő}l# iklolcf 9<<*8>9#

iklolcf 9<<*8>9#8>>>/8>>>/

8/ Laio Mxikio – Jfmlgloć wax}luć –# Fml}vxi Jfmlgici# Hvgvxfő}l# iklolcf 95>*958#

8/ Laio Mxikio – Jfmlgloć wax}luć –# Fml}vxi Jfmlgici# Hvgvxfő}l# iklolcf 95>*958#8>>8/8>>8/

7/ $$$Axmlovc Jlolw}fxvcvl Wćoć}ćŧll xlulom ixahixfi Oaxjfcax lklfolga*wiol}ixf fo}xv 7/ $$$Axmlovc Jlolw}fxvcvl Wćoć}ćŧll xlulom ixahixfi Oaxjfcax lklfolga*wiol}ixf fo}xv icljfo}f Ox/<;6! icljfo}f Ox/<;6!9<<29<<2// =/ $$${{{/{l`lfmli/axk =/ $$${{{/{l`lfmli/axk 6/ $$${{{/mag}ax/loea/xa 6/ $$${{{/mag}ax/loea/xa 5/$$${{{/jfmlgloiwax}lui/xa 5/$$${{{/jfmlgloiwax}lui/xa * {{{/{l`lfmli/axk * {{{/{l`lfmli/axk *

* {{{/mag}ax{{{/mag}ax/loea/xa/loea/xa

*