Fado' Voice Acoustic Features

Category: Musical Acoustics

Fado’s Voice – Acoustic Features

A. Mendes

, S. Ibrahim

and I. Vaz

1

_{Polytechnic Institute of Set ´ubal (IPS), Set ´ubal, Portugal}

2

_{Institute of Electronics, Engineering and Telematics of Aveiro, University of Aveiro (IEETA-UA), Aveiro,}

Portugal

Fado is a popular Portuguese singing style acoustically characterized by reduced fundamental

fre-quency, jitter as well as shimmer and perceptually by a low pitch, hoarse and strained voice. This

study aims to scientifically contribute to the acoustic understanding of Fado singer’s voice profile.

104 Fado singers participated on this study: 47 males, 57 females; 90 amateur and 14 professional,

with ages from [18–67]. Fado singers produced spoken tasks consisting on sustained [a,i,u,s,z] plus

reading aloud and sung tasks consisting on sustained [a,i,u] of the song “Nem ´as paredes confesso”.

Acoustic voice parameters were compared between males vs. females, professionals vs. amateurs and

young vs. older voices a two independent t-test with an

α

at .05.

Spoken voice samples of Fado singers presented: 1)higher values for F

, jitter, shimmer and

NHRcomparing to nonsingers; 2) lower F0 for maleprofessionals with age range [55–70] vs. amateurs

,formale amateurs with age range [18–55] vs. [55–70] yrold, and for female professionals vs. amateurs

(exceptfor [a]); 3) older females had higher F0 than youngersingers, except for [a]; 4) professional male

singershad higher jitter and shimmer than amateurs; and 5)professional female singers had lower jitter

andhigher shimmer than amateurs.

Sung voice results revealed that males’ and females’ Fado voice were acoustically distinct in

fundamental frequency and perturbation measures. Along with vibrato, these measures were similar

for different age groups as for amateurs and professionals. Vibrato was present in most singers: vibrato

rate ranged 5.49–6.82 Hz and extent 0.28–0.59 ST for males; and 5.23–5.99 Hz and 0.29–0.54 ST for

females. Lastly, singers’ formant was rarely present.

An important step was accomplished with this pioneer study in obtaining the Fado’s singer voice

profile. This knowledge can be generalized and applied on pedagogic, clinic and scientific level.

Fado’s voice – acoustic features

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