MAPPING OF NATURAL FRAGILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

MAPPING OF NATURAL FRAGILITIES

AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Dr. Jurandyr Luciano Sanches Ross

Geography Department - FFLCH-USP São Paulo- Brazil

Presentation

• Brazil is a Southamerican country crossed by the

Equator in the North and the Tropic of Capricorn in

the South. The rainfall ranges from 4000mm in the

coast of

São Paulo and Amazon to 400mm in the

semi-arid in the Northeast.

• The relief is represented by plateaus, river plains and

scarps along the coast.

Environmental recorrent problems

Landslides

Urban Floods

Urban Landslides

Pluvial erosion

LANDSLIDES

- High and concentrated rainfall in the summer 100mm/72h

January and February – 500 to 800mm - High declivity of slopes – from 15 to 35° • Human causes

- deforestation of high declivity slopes - Irregular urban occupation of slopes

FLOODS

• Natural causes

1.Reliefs of rivers and streams marginal plains 2.High rainfall concentrated in the summer anual total – 1200 to 1500mm

70% concentrated in the spring and summer • Human causes

- Paving and urban building - Low quantity of green áreas

Mapping methodology

• The relief analysis focused on the geomorphologic application.

• Its base comes from Grigoriev (1968), Tricart (1977, 1992), Ab'Saber (1969), Mecerjakov & Gerasimov (1968) and Ross (1992, 1994, 2006).

Environmental Units

•In this context, it reaches a set of environmental units or landscapes, due to the arrangement of variables from natural environment.

•In each of these sets parameters are established or several levels of environmental fragilities/potentialities.

Fragility and Potentiality of Land Forms

Integrated studies of a given area require an understanding about the dynamic function of the natural environment with or without the human intervention.

The different natural environments found on the earth surface result from different exchange of energy and matter between the components.

Basis for Environmental Analysis of

Fragilities/Potentialities

The empirical analysis of fragilities/potentialities generate thematic cartographic products of geomorphology, geology, pedology, climatology,

hidrology, land use and vegetation.

Fragilities of the Standards of Relief Dissection (roughness)

For studies of medium and small scales of 1:100.000, 1:250.000, 1:500.000, it is used as a morphometric reference the Dissection Indicators Matrix, Ross (1992), based on the ratio of drainage density/dimension inter fluvial average for dissection in the horizontal plane and in degrees of deepening the drainage channels for dissection in the vertical plane.

The fragilities to the variable Soils:

The criteria used for the variable soil passes through the characteristics of texture, structure, plasticity, level of cohesion of the particles and depth / thickness of surface and subsurface horizons.

The fragilities to the variable Rainfall

The criteria used for the variable rainfall considers it annual totals and monthly distribution

The Fragilities Classes for Vegetation Covering and Land

Use

The analysis of soil protection by vegetable covering involves the construction of the map of Land Use and Vegetable Covering.

In the urban areas it is necessary to distinguish the patterns of urbanization.

Conclusion

association of variables and parameters

From the list of relief variables (morphology and morphometry), rocks, soils, climate (rainfall), land use, vegetation covering is established the classification of the potential and emerging fragility from the association of Arabic digits .

Thus way, the numerical association represents a digit for the relief (1 to 5) other for the soils (from 1 to 5), other for the degree of soil protection by vegetation (natural or cultivated) (1 to 5), another one for the weather/rainfall (1 to 5).

So, there are Arabic sets of four digits, which combine with each other, numbers from 1 to 5, that can have areas with values ​​of type 1111, 1215, among others and reaching the highest value 5555, where all the variables are absolutely unfavorable.

740000 740000 750000 750000 760000 760000 770000 770000 780000 780000 790000 790000 800000 800000 810000 810000 72 80 00 0 72 80 00 0 72 90 00 0 72 90 00 0 73 00 00 0 73 00 00 0 73 10 00 0 73 10 00 0 73 20 00 0 73 20 00 0 73 30 00 0 73 30 00 0 Geologia_pol2_project_inters.shp Areia, Cascalho Biotita Granito Filito, Ardósia, Metassiltito Filito, Metapelito

Filito, Metarenito, Metachert, Metarritmito, Metassiltito Filito, Metarenito, Metaconglomerado, Metapelito, Metassiltito Filito, Metarenito, Metaconglomerado, Metassiltito Filito, Metarenito, Metarritmito, Metamáfica Filito, Metarenito, Metassiltito, Metarenito Conglomerático Filito, Quartzito, Quartzo Xisto

Filito, Xisto Granitóide

Granodiorito, Biotita Granito Mármore Dolomítico Mármore, Xisto Carbonático Metacalcarenito, Metacalcilutito Mica xisto, Quartzo Xisto

Monzogranito, Monzonito, Quartzo-Monzonito Rocha Calcissilicática, Mármore Calcítico Rocha Vulcânica Máfica, Rocha Vulcânica Intermediária Sericita Filito carbonoso

Buffer_10km_utm22_sad69.shp

Morfoestrutura Cinturão Orogênico do Atlântico Depressão Tectônica 1 - Planaltos de Superfície de Cimeira do Alto do Ribeira 2 - Serra do Mar e Paranapiacaba 1 Depressão do Baixo Ribeira

Morfoesculturas Modelado Solos Litologia

Morfologia e Morfometria

Descrição / Altimetria

Entalhamento de Vale (metros)/ Densidade de Drenagem 2.2 Unidade de Morros e escarpas das Serras do Mar e Paranapiacaba 1.2 Unidades das planícies e terraços fluviais do Ribeira; Unidades de colinas e morros baixos da depressão tectônica do Baixo Ribeira Filitos, quartzo-filitos, ortognaisses, paragnaisses, quartzitos, calcários, mármores dolomiticos, granitos porfirídicos e granitos sintectônicos Cambissolos álicos, Cambissolos distróficos em associação com litólicos, Podzólico vermelho-amarelo, Latossolos amarelos e vermelho-amarelos álicos Filitos, quartzo-filitos, calcários, quartzitos, mármores dolomíticos, migmatitos e granitos sintectônicos Cambissolos álicos, Cambissolos distróficos, Podzólicos vermelho-amarelo e Latossolos vermelho-amarelos Nas planícies: sedimentos arenosos à jusante e argilosos à montante. Nas colinas: micaxistos e filitos. Nos morrotes: gnaisses e migmatitos Nas planícies: Cambissolos eutróficos, Gleys Tiomórficos e Orgânicos Tiomórfico. Nas colinas: Podzólicos Vermelho-amarelos álicos. Nos morrotes: Cambissolos álicos associados com Latossolos e Podzólicos Unidades dos Morros do Planalto da Guapiara Declividade (%) / Comprimento de Rampa (metros) Declividade = >30 % C.R= 283,3m Declividade = 20 a 30 % C.R= 233 m Declividade = 5 a 20% C.R= 243 m Declividade = <5 % C. R.= E.V= 81,0m D.D = 3,25 E.V.= 73,5 m D.D.= 1,68 E.V. = 69 m D.D.= 2,33 2.2.1- Serras, Morros Altos, Topos Aguçados Altimetria = 200 - 1089 m Declividade= >de 30% C.R= 350 m E.V= 140 mD.D= 1,75 2.2.2 - Morros Altos de Topos convexos Altimetria = 720 - 1020 m Declividade= > de 30% C.R= 283,3 m E.V= 80 m D.D= 1,75 2.2.3 - Morros Médios de Topos convexos Altimetria = 700 - 887 m Declividade= 20 - 30% C.R= 375 m E.V= 95 m D.D= 1,75 2.2.4 - Morros Baix os de Topos Convexos Altimetria = 460 - 600 m Declividade= 5 - 20% C.R= 375 m E.V= 95 m D.D= 1,75 2.2.5 - Planície Fluvial do Ribeira de Iguape Altimetria = 25 - 58 m. Declividade= < de 5 % 1.1.2 - Morros Altos de Topos Convexos Altimetria = 60 - 610 m Declividade = > de 30% C.R= 375 m E.V= 80 m D.D= 2,37 1.1.3 - Morros Baixos de Topos Convexos Isolados Altimetria = 60 - 180 m Decliv idade = 20 - 30% C.R= 216 m E.V= 66,66 m_{D.D= 1,37} 1.1.4 - Morros Baixos de Topos Convexos Isolados Altimetria = 60 - 152 m Declividade= 5 - 20% C.R= 250 m E.V= 73,3 m_{D.D= 0,75} 1.1.5 - Planície Fluvial Ribeirão Turvo Altimetria = 28 - 62 m 1.1.3 - Morros de topos convexos Variação de Alt.= 840 - 960 m 1.1.4 - Morros de topos convexos Variação de Alt.= 760 - 940 m 1.1.5 -Planicie Fluvial Variação de Alt.= 788 - 812 m 1.1.2 - Morros de to pos convexos Va riação de Alt.= 800 --1 050 m Declividade= < de 5% C.R= 270 m

740000 740000 750000 750000 760000 760000 770000 770000 780000 780000 790000 790000 800000 800000 810000 810000 72 80 00 0 72₈₀ 00 0 72 90 00 0 72₉₀ 00 0 73 00 00 0 73₀₀ 00 0 73 10 00 0 73 10 00 0 73 20 00 0 73 20 00 0 73 30 00 0 73 30 00 0

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