網路虛擬實境與情境學習的整合應用 Application of Internet Virtual Reality and Situated Learning

3

‘

ＮＮｷ ＱＰＧ Ｇ Ｒ ＨＱ ＹＹＸ Ｉ ＱＹＷＭＲＲＴ

Inlegraled Application of

Inlemel Virtual

Re

ality and Si

aled Learning

Chaogun Liang

A'<sQ("wtr. ProfesJor and Chain/lan

J/ong Chang

ItlSlnll'lOr

Ｍ ＢＢ .. ,,1 o[ ＯＢＩ ｲｭ｡ｴ［ｯｮ Commu"icat;Qn

Yuatt Z.. UniTNr$ily

TmrYU(Jn, Tu;tvan, R.o.C

ａ ｢ｳ ｴｲ Ｎｾ ｴ＠

This articJe in!roduces an ｯｮｧｯｩｮｧ Ａ ｴｨ｡ ｨ ｴ･ｲｮ･ｴ vinuaI

rea1ity Ie<;hni'lues with silua!ed le3m;ng theory, and tries 10 find OU! the syn

thesized application. ｂ｡ ｳ･､ ｴｨ･ ｳｹｮｬｨ ｳ Ihe authors develop a ｳ ＢＧ

learning ｭ Ａ･ｲｩ｡ｬｳ that can ｰｲｯｶｩ､ ｡ｮ envil'Qnmem for ｭｵｨｩｰｬｾＭｵｳ･ｲ＠ ｰ｡ｲｴｩ｣ ｡

tion and real.

,

tional ､ Ｇｧｮ ｰｲｯ｣･ ｦ･ｲ･､ ｦｯ Ａｬ ｯｷ ｢ｹ the ｳｵｧ ｮｳ for lu\ur{> research

Iß this promising are8

Key .. Ｇｯｮｉｾ＠

Im"rnN ; Virtual

,

､｣ ､ｯｰｭ･ｭ

Ｈ ｶｩｲＡｵ｡ｬ ｲ･｡ｬｩｴｹ Ｉ

ｵ

ＺＺ［ｩｴ ｾＢ＠

...

..;

'"

,)

E

m

｣｢

｡

ｌ

ｷ

Ｍ

ｉＡ＼

ＱＩ

ｇｩｧ ｡ ｮｴ ･ Ｓ ｄ

ｴ ｊ ＨＱ ｬ 0 ｇｩｧ ｡ ｮ ｴ･

Ｈｪ ｭｭ ･ ｲ ｳ ｩｶ･ Ｉ Ｂ

Ｙ ＨＱ Ｉ

ｌ｡ｴｴ｡

ＨＩ

Ｎ Summitt

&

Ｈ

Ｉ Ｈ Ｉ Ｈ Ｑ ａＩ

ｂ ｵ ｲ ､･｡

&

Ｑｮ ｴ ･ ｲ ｡｣ ｴ ｬｏ ￟ ｩ ｩｭ ｡ ｧｩｮ｡ ｴ ｩ ｯ ｮ ｬ

ｦ

Ｗ ￭Ａ ｕＺ

￭ ｦｦ ＨＩ

ａｰ ｰｬ･ ｷ ｨ ｩ ｴ･ Ｓ

þ"_f""

-ａ ＠

［ｾ＠ ｾ＠ -i.

ＢＧＢ

'"

ＺｭＺ Ｈ ｫＩ

ｇｬ･ｮｮ ｕ

ＮＢ

ＨＩ

ｄｉｓ ｍｕｄ ｖｒｍ ｌ ｄＱ ｓ Ｈｄ ｩ ￮｢ｵｴ･､

Interactive ｓｩｭｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ Ｉ ｄａ ｒｐａ ｐ ｍ ｔｲ｡､･ ＱＹＸＹ

ｍｕ ｄ (Multi-User ｄｵｮｧ ･ｯ ｮ Ｉ

Ｎｴｊ

ｖｒｍ ｌ Ｈ ｖｩｲｴｵ｡ｉ Reality Modeling ｌ｡ｮｧｵ｡ｧ･ Ｉ

ＱＹＹＴ ｗ ｖ Ｈｽ

ｖｒｍ ｌ Ｓ

ｦｴ ＾Ｑ｜

ｴｊ

University of ｗ｡ｳｨｩｮｧｴｯｮ Ｈ ｈ ｵ ｲＮｬ ｡ｮ Interface Tech

nology Laboratory, ｉＭｉ ｉｔ ｌＩ ＸＰ ｩｦｦｬ

ｗｩｬｬｩ｡ｭ ｗｩｮｮ ｃｯｮ｣･�ｴｵ｡ｦ ｂ ｩｳ ｦｯｲ Ｇｵ｣｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｌ

ａ ｬｩ｣ ｴｩｏ ｉｬ ｓ 0/ ｖｩ ｴ｡ｬ ｒ･｡ｬｩ ｾＨＢ

ｈ｜ＱＺｊ ｆ ＨＩ

Ｉ

ｉ

f-

ｾ _{ＮＮ ＧＢ ｭ｢･ｲ} ]998)

Ｙ

ｧｮｩｴｩｶ･ ｳ｣ｩ･ ｮ ｣･ Ｉ

ＱＩ ＢＢ

ｅ

ｅ

ｊｚ

ｍ･ｲｲｩｬｩ Ｇｳ ｲ ｬ ｮｳｴｲｵ｣ｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ T ransactionJ Ｇ

ｗｩｮｮ ｪ

ＨＩ

Ｗ

Ｓ ｕ

ｗｩｮｮ Ｈ ･ｭｰｴｹ ｴ･｣ｨｮｯｬｯｧ

ＧＱＧ ｡ ｗｩ￟ｮ

William Ｘｲｩ｣ｫ･ｮ

Ｎｦ ｈｉ ｻ Ｉ

ｈ ｰｲｯｧｲ｡ｭｭ｡｢ｬ･ participation

ｬ

ｨ

ｾ Ｈ ｮ｡ｴｵｲ｡ｬ semantics)

ｊ ｲ

ｴｾ ＮＡｾ＾ｾ｟ＮＮＮｾ

.

_.

ＧＢ Ｂ ＮＮｭ

''''

Ｈ｣ ｯｧ ｮ ｩｴｩｶ ･ presence)

ｴＮ

ｾ Ｅ

ｌｯ ･ ｦｦＡＦ ａｮ､ ･ ｲｳｯｬｬ

ＵＷ Ｓ

Loeffler & ａｮ､･ｲｳｯｮ ｉｔ

ｬ ｉ ｾ

ＨＱ Ｉ

ｻ

Ｉ Ｍ ｻ ｬＡｾｬ［ ｌ｡ｶ･

ｌ｡ｶ･ ｈ

Ｈｊ ･ｧｩｴ ｩｭ｡ｴ･ periphe ral participation, LPP) Ａ￭Ｇ ￬

ｬｦ ｩｊ ｴ Ｓ

(community of practice )

ｻ ｯ

Ｈ ､ｩ ｳｴｲｩ｢ｵ ｬ･､ intelligencel Ｎ

ｉ knowledge sharing) Ｈ ｣ｯ ｊｬ ｡ bora t ion/ coopera ｴｩｯｮ Ｉ

ＨＩ ＶｉＡｬ

""

o.::

Ｎ ｂｲｩ ｣ ｫ ･ｮ

Ａｉｬ

ＧｉＧｬ

ｆ

Ｉ［ＨＩ

Ｈｩ Ｉ

Ｈ ｫＩ

Ｇｊ［ｬ ｌ｡ｶ･

［ｴ Ｎ ｌｐｐ Ｈ Ｉ

Ｚ ｈ Ｎｹ ｌｐｐ ｊ

ｪ ＮＯＢ［Ａ

､ｯｩｮｧ

Ｉ

ｪ

Ｈ ｡ｰ ｰｲ･ｮｴｩ｣･ｳｨｩｰ

Ｉ Ｎ ｬｊｪ

ＨＫＩ

Ｈ

ｈ

ｗｩｮｮ ｈ

ｦ�

ＢＱ

ＨＩ 0 ｍ ｣ ｌ ･ｬｬ｡ｮ ｈ

ｪ Ｈ｡ ｮ ｣ ｨｯｲｩｮｧ

context, Ｇ ｅ ＨＩ

Ｈ Ｉ

ｉ

Ｑ

Ｂ

""

ｈ ｹ

ｔ ｾ

ＨＭＩ

ｉｪＡ .. Ｈ｣ ｲ･｡ｴｩｮｧ

Ｂｲｬｬ･ｮｮｾ

Ｈ ｲ･｣･ｩｶｩｮｧ

ＮＮ

ｊｉＪ

ＮＢ

ｂｲｩ｣ｫ･ｮ & ｂ ｹ ｲ

Ｓ ｔ

￯ｬ ｩ

ＧＢ Ｈ ￮､･ｮｴｩｴ ｹ Ｉ Ｗ

ｬ

ｌ｡ ｶ･ Ｈｻｵｬｬ ｰ｡ｲｴｩ ｣ｩ ｰ｡ｴｩｯｮ Ｉ

ｮ･ｧ ｯｴｩ ｡ｴ ｩｯｮ ｽ

ＨＩ

Ｎ ｍ ｣ ｌ ･ｬｬ｡ ｮ

ＨＱ ＺＮＮＩ <> ｈ ｡ｹ

Ｈ ｳｯ｣ｩ｡ｬ ｰｲ｡｣ｴｩ｣･ ｔｊｉ ｬＧ

ｲｨ Ｈ Ｑ Ｉ

ｅ ｬ ｯｰｰｯｲｴｵ ｬｬｉ ｴｹ Ｈ ｡｣｣･ Ｉ

ｴ ［ｧ Ｎｦｩ ｩ ｬ Ｑ

｜ＧＱＪ

ｋｲｐｖＭ ｴｰ ,a

Ｔ _{ＮＮＮ Ｋ Ｂ ｘｉｉ} (Decembet Ｑ ＹＹ

ＢＧ Ｎ ｃ｡ｲｲ

ｈ

ｴｬｬ

ＨＩ

Ｑ｜Ｇ

Ｎ Burdea & ｃ ｯｩｦｦ･ｴ ｭ

ｔ

Ｈｴ Ｉ

｜

Ｏ

ｶ

\

Ｎ ｾ

1

Ｎ ｾ

\

Ａ

}., Ｎｾ

ＮＮ ｉＡｉ ｦｦｩ

""

［ ｅ ［

ｅ ｪ

ｅ

ｬ［ｬ

Ｓ

ＯＱＱ

ＱＱ

ｅ Ｇ

ｉｅ

ＱＢ ＢＱＧ

ｦ Ｊ ＧＱＧ

［ＱＱ［ ＱＺＱ ｾＧｑ

ｾｬ ｀［

ｩｴ ､ ｉ

kn

ｬＭｔ

-R

..

Ｎ ｴｊ ＡｬＺｉＡ｜

［Ａ￩

ｉｾ ＨＧＩ •

ｦｦｩ

ｕ ｴｊ ｆ ｊｩｬ Ｚｈ

ｅ Ｎｾ

ＢＧＱＱＱ

ＨＩ

ｊｩＡ

ｬ ｅ

ｬ ＱＰ ｆ Ｑｌ ａ

ＩＵ Ｑｦｬ ＱＱ

ｒＧｊ

ｩｲ

［ Ｇｩ ＩｩＢＧＮ

ＮＮ _Ｗ

Ｒ

Ｊ

Ｔ Ａ ｕ

Ｕ

ＮＷ

ＧＡｌ

ＱＩ

ＨＩ Ｎ

ｉｩ ｗ

Ｈ Ｉ

ｅ

ＧＡｌ

ｔ ｮ

Ｗ ｪ ｔｕ

ＱＨｉｬＡｬＯｦ

ＧＡｌｦｪＩ ｔ

Ｎ ､ｬｾ

ＱＹＸＷ ｕ

Ｘ Ｂ Ｎ Ｋ ｉ ｉｈ ｄ･ ｣･ｭｍｲ ｉ ｳＩ

｟ Ｑ

Ｍ

｟ＱＹ

...

ＱＱＧ ｅ

Ｇ

ｩＡＡＮｴｉｬ

ｾｊ

ｩＡＡＮ

､｢ｶｇｨｏ

ｾＮ ＺＢＮＮＮｾ＠

ｾＮＮ ＢＰ

""

ｾ

ｬＱ

ａ ｂ

Ｗ Ａｉ

ｵ

Ｑ

ｬｩｗ

ｉｬｴＱ［

ｬｊ

Ａｾ

ｅ ［

ｊￇ

Ｉ

ｅ

ｲｉ ＱＱ

Ａ Ｑ

Ｇ Ｑ

ａ

":.- ｾｾ［＠

,,, ｉ＼ ｦｦ ＮＮＱＭＧ ｉｉｉｈ ｄ･｣ ･ｭ｢･ｴ ｉ Ｂ

ｭＺ

Ｑ

Ｈ Ｉ ｔ

ｬ［ｊＦ

Ｂ ｾｦｴｬ ＨｬＺ ＧｉＡ ＡＧｬ ｉｬＧ ｊｬｬ

1: . ,J1f ｉ

Ｉ

Ｚ

..

ｚ

Ｈ

ＧＢ

ｦ ＧＢ

ＢＢＢ

ｽ

Ａ￸Ｎｪ

.. ｡

Ｓｌｚ

ＮＮ

ｫ

ｾｉｪｩＺ ｬｦＡｉ Ｂｦｦｬ 2u

ｴＩ

ｅ ｦｴｬｊ

ｪ ｬ

ｴ ｊＮ ｩ

ｊｪ

ｬＱＡ ｰ

Ｑ｜

ｔ Ｇｽ

Ｗ ｴＮＮｬ

Ｒ ＼ｊｲ ｊ ＨＩ

ＴＱＧ

Jl;

1

2

ＪＢＢ

Ｈ

Ａ Ｚ Ａｦｲ ｬＧ

ｬ ＮＱＡＺｬＡＡ

2 12 ＼＼ＮＮＮＮ .. ＮＢＮ］ｊＮＮ

ＧＪ ｉｦｴｓ Ｓ Ｚ

Ｎｉ ｕＡ

ｬＡｬ ｊＦ Ｕｴ ｯ ｬＡ ｬ

Ｂ ｉｬＡ ｔ

Ｗ

Ｍｉｦ ｲＢ

Ａ ｒＮ￟ ｉｴ ｴＩ ｗｗｗ ｬＡ

Ａ�

ｖｒｍｌ ｗ ｖ

ｖｒｍｌ Ｒ Ｎ Ｐ ｗｗｗ ｳ･ ｲ ｶ ･ ｲ

Ｗ

ｌ ｡ ｴｴ ｡ ｴｩｬｦ ｯ

ｩｪ ｊ［Ｈ

Ｍ ＱＢＱ ＹＰ

ＮＺ

'"

. . ＪＭ Ｂ

Web Server ｄ￟ Ｈ

＼ Ｉ A B Ｈ ＮＮ Ｉ Ｂ

ｅ

ｽ

'" ＢＮ

Ｍ Ｂ

ａ

ｂ

､ｩ･ｭ

ＢＮ

ｾ

ＱＱ

ｗ ｾｂ

.. ｼ Web Server

ｩ＾ｉｦＧＢ ｵ

:1

ＧＢ ＧＢ

ＮｉｬＢ

ｶｲｭｊ

［＼

ＧＢ Ｂ ｼ ｄ ｂ

ｾＮ

ａ

Ｍｚ

Ｒ

Ｑ

214

Ｂ

ｲ

..

,.

ＮＮ

ＢＱ ..

ＧＧＧＰＧ Ｈ ｄ･｣ｴ ｭ｢･ｴ 1998)

ｬＧ

ｼ

Ｂ

Web Server

ＧＢ ｄｂ

Ｂ

ＮＮ

Ｂ

Ｈ Ｍ Ｉ

ｊ

h4stjp

2>5

ＱｒｬｉｩｩｏＡ ｬ

ｪ

Ｗ

ｩ

ｻｅ ｃｆｆ ｨｬｬ ｊ［ｬ

Ｈ

Ｉ

Ｗ

Ｗ

ｆ

ｕ

ＱＸ ｉｾ Ｑ Ｙ ＱＰ

ｩＡ｜

ｪ￩

Ｎ

2<, ＢＮＮ Ｈ ｄ･ ｣ｾ｢･ Ｂ

Ｑｮ ｖ ｒｍｌ ､ｩ･ ｮ ｴ

ｗｗｗ

browser

ｕ

3D

Player 2.0

Ｉ｣ｊ ｩ･ｬ ｴ ＱＵ

ｪ

ｾ＠ ｾＺＺＺＮＮＮ ｩ

ＮＭ ｘｾＭ［Ａ ＧＮｾ ｾＧ＠

ａｆＷＵ

'"

ｅ ｅ

ｪ ｖ ｒ

ｖｒ

Ｗ

｢ｲｯｷｳ･ｲ ｦｲ｡ｭ･ｳ Ｇ

Ｗ

ｦｲ｡ｭ･

Ｒ

ｊ

... ［｡

ｅ ｾ

ｬ｣ｯｮ ｴｊ

ｦｲ｡ｭ･ ｾＱｦｴ ｕ

Ｍ

21l! ｭＺ ＮＮＮＺＺＮ ｄ･ ｣｣ｭｯｯｲ 1991!

Ｍ

Ｔ ｩ［ ｲｬＧ

".-.l-.::

i:.:.:t ..

Ｎ

'"

ＮＱＮＧｴＧＢ ｊ

ｅ

Ｑ

ｬ｣ｯｮ

ｰ

Ｇ Ｑ＾

ＮＮＮＮ Ｈｄ･ ｣･ｭ｢･ｲ Ｑ

ｬＱｩ

ＪＧ ｔ Ｇ

Ｗ

｡

Ｗ

rbf

ｴ ｬＡＡ Ｑ

Ｎ Ｊｾｴ

ｊ［ｬｻ

Ｈ Ｍ

［［Ｎ ｬＡＡ

Ｓ ｄ ｉ ｰｯｬｹ ｧｯｮ

ＱＱＱ

Ｓ ｄ ｨｬｬｾ

ｅ

ｔ ｉｴ

ｩ･ｴｨ

,.

Ｔ ｅ

ＮＮ

'"

ｬｉｉＺＢ

ｬ

ｈｔｔ ｐ ｅ

ｖｒｍｌ

ｃｨ｡ｴ room

Ｒ ｖ ｒｍ ｌ ＳＮＰｾ ｰ

ｴ

ｔ ｡

ｽ

ＡＺ Ｈ Ｉ

ｕ

｢ Ｗｽ

ｖ

ｪ ＱＱＱ

Ｈ

m

ＱＱＱｍ

ＱＱＺ

￬ｩｉｴ

Ｂ LEAD ｊｉ￭ｊＮＡｊ Ｈ ｌｅａｄ LEArnÎng on ｄ･ｭ｡ｮ､ ｊ

Ｂ Ｑ ｬｉＧ ｬｦ ｩￆ

Ｊ ｬ ｲｾ ｊｊｉ

M.A. ｇｩｧ｡ｮｴ･ ｖｩｲｴｵ｡ｬ ｒ･｡ｬ ｹ . ｄ･ ｦｪｮｩ ｴｩｯ history and applications,"

In Virtual Realily SySUflU, ed. by R.A. Earnshaw. et aL (London : Academic

Press, 1993), pp.3- 14.

1. Steuer,“Defining Virtual Reality : ｄｩｭ･ｮ ｾｩｯｮｳ＠ determining te1epr

e-ｦ ｾ sence," CQmmunication in the Age 01 Virrual Realily Ｈ ｈ ｬｳ､｡ｬ ･ Nj : Lawrece

Er1baum ａｳｳｯ｣ ･ｳ 1995), _{ｰｰＮＳＵ}

J.N. Laua. "When Will Reality Meet the Marketplace?" VirtuaL ｒ･｡Ｏｪ

ＧＹ Ｑ ｔｨ･ 5econd Annual Conference (San Francisco, 5ep. 23-25, 1991), pp

109-114

ｐ ＱＮ 5ummitt, & M.j. 5urnmitt, Creating Cool 3D W eb ｬｖ ｑｲｬＮ ｷｩｴｨ

VRML (Foster Cily: IDG. Ｑ Ｖｬ

G.Burdea, & P.Coiffet, VirtuaL Reality Technology (New York: ｗｩｬ

Interscience. 1994 )

ＭＡＺ H.L Applewhite, Ｂ ｐ ｴｩｯｮ Tracking in Virtual Reality," Virtual Real

ity '91, The 5ec:ond Annual Conference (5an ｆｲ ｡ｮ､ｳ 5ept, 23-25, 1991)

pp.1-8

S, Glenn, “Real Fun, Vinual1y : VirtuaJ Experience Amusement and

Products in Puhlic 5pace ｅｮｴ･ｲｴ｡ｩｮｭ･ｮｴ Ｂ Ｇｲｴ ｵ｡ｬ ｒ･｡ｬｩ Ｑ The Second AnnuaJ

Conference Ｈ Ｕ ｆｲ｡ｮ､ｳ ｓ ｴ･ｭ｢･ ｲ 23-25, 1991 ), ｰｰＮＶＲＭ

ＷＸ

ｗ Winn, “A ｃｯ ｮ｣ ｡ｬ ßasis for Educational Applications of Virtual

ReaJity," (H1TL Report No. R.93.9), Seatde, WA : University of Washington, Hu

ｾ ｪ［Ｚｪ ＮＮ｟ｾｬ ｾｾ ｾｩ

｢ｯｚｋｚ

Ｂ 223

＼ｃ ｯｮｳｴｲｵ｣ｴｩｶｩｳ ｭ ｬ Ｈ ｯ｢ｪ･｣ｴｩｶ･

･ｰｩｳｴ･ｭｯｬｯｧｹ Ｉ

｡ ｉｉｉ ｲ･

...

ｪｦ

ＶＧｾｉＡＱＡＡｬ｀ＺｷＺ ｅ Ｈｩ ｮｴ･ｲｰ ｲ ･ｴ｡ｴｩｯｮ Ｉ , ｴｴｴＢ

W. Bricken, Ｂｌ ｭｩｮｧ in Virtual Reality" Ｈ ｈｉｔｌＮｔｒＮｍ Ｉ Seat

tle, WA ; University of Washington. Human Interface Tedmology Laboratory,

Ｑ

Ｑｩ ｃＮｅＮ Loeffler, & T. Anderson, The V.rtual Reolity ｃＮ Ｈ ｎ･ｷ

York, 1994 )

Ｈ

ＸＵ Ｉ

•

W. Bricken, "Extended Abstract A formal foundation for cyber

ｳｰ｡｣･ Ｂ ｲｴｵ｡ｬ ｒ ｬｩ ｮＮ The Second Annual Conference (San Francisco

September 23-25,1991 ), pp.9-36

Ｈｾ Ｉ

Ｒ Ｈ ＸＷ Ｉ

ＨＩ ＲＶ Ｈ

Ｉ ; ＳＭＱＲ

Ｋ ｋ ｈ｡ｹ "Legitimate Peripheral ｐ｡ｲｴ ｴｩｏ ｉｬ Instructionism, and

Constructivism : Whose situation is it ｡ｮｹｷ｡ｹ＿Ｂ ､ｵ ｩＰＱｗｉ ｔ･｣ｨｮｯｬｯ Ｂ 33: 3

ＱＹＹＳ ｰｰＮＳＳＭＳＸＮ

\V. Winn

“

Partnership?" Eáucational Techn%gy. 33: Ｓ Ｈ ＱＹＹＳ Ｉ ＭＲＱ

H. McLellan. ＢＵ［ｴ ｴ･､ Learning : Continuing the Conversation,"

Educaliona{ TecJlllology, 34; 9{J994 ) : 7-8.

Ｍ K.E. Hay, ''The Three ａ｣ｴｩｶｩｵ ｯｦ a 51udent : A reply ＱＰ ｰｰ Ｂ

ＧＮ､ ｵ｣｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｻ Tl'Chnology, 34: Ｙ Ｐ Ｔ Ｉ Ｚ 22-27

McLel1an •

ｴ Ｎ Hay .

Ｑ ａ Ｋ

A.A. Carr, D.H. lonassen, M.E. Lilzinger, & R.M. Marra, '"Good

Ideas 10 Foment Educational Revolution The Role of SyslemÎc Change in

Advancing ｓｩ Ｑｕ ･､ Learning, Construc1Ívism, and Feminist Pedagogy," Edaca

,

., ....

ｲＧＮ ､

ｵ

22< ＫＧＢ Ｈ ｄ･ ｃ ＰＱｉＱ ｢･ ＱＹＹ

ｍ ｡ｸ ｩｳ ｓｩｭｃｩｴｹ

ｅ

ＷＷ

ｨ

ＧＢＭ］

ｊｴ

Ｇ ＹＱ Ｍ Ｂｽｪ

Ｘ Ｊ ｅ

ｴＪ ｩｘ Ｈ ｾ Ｉ