Effect of physical mutagen on expression of characters in arid legume pulse cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

(1)

!" # ## $ ! # % &! " " " $!

' () ## * + , - ./0 1" $ ' ' # #! # $ "

' . () 0 1" 23+ ' $ + ./ , (

## 0 4 # ' ' ! " " * " !

! ! ! ! " ! ! $ " ! $ #! " 0 5

6 ' % # # . $ # ! ! # # !

# % % " # ! # $" $ # " # #

# $ % ' 0 7 ## " " ! ! " !" # 0 ! # ! !

# # 8 0 # #! # # " % $ " $"

# $ % ' 6 0

!# ## " # # 0

"

# #! ! 5 0 1"

#! !

9 ! # %

" " % ' " !

# 0 ( $! ! # $" "

! #! ' ! "

! % ! ! % "

: : ( " :#

' ' 0+ # " $ "

! ' * # $

$ " 0 0 " " !

+; $! ! # ′

# 0 5 ' !

' # # $" " " '

" # #! # 0 ( $!

# ' ." ! ! %

# " " "

! ! # ! ! 0

6 " ! #! ' # ! ##

#! " " ' % # "

" ' &! " ' % ' %

" #! #0 $ " !

& # &" "

' % " !0 : 8 ' %

3 ! # 7

: ( / " 5

6 , +

' % " ! " " !

! !

" $ ! 0 4 "

# # %

#! ' "

' % # !" !"

" 0

:# " $! ' ( " +

$ " " ! , . ! " 0 5 ! " .

# ! % ! %

0 1" "

$ " " " %

" ! ' " $ # # .

! 0 < ! " % ' ' $

" ! ' $ . !

# ## " ' (

" " " " #

" ' % 6

" # # 6

0

# #

! ( $ $ "

" !" # ## =

0 & #

- ./ $ " ' ./ $ #

& " 23+ ' 0 : + $ $

(2)

# 0 # $ "

# 0 > $

! " % ! + ,(

## " #% $ " ! +-,./?" 0

@ ! .

$ " & " $ 0

)% ' $ " "

" # +" " ' ' ! * " ! " " * "

+ ! $ ! " " #

#% ! ! ! " ! #%

! ! $ " !

! ! ?

! ! 6 6

0

# $

6 ' ! "

# # 0

6 " #

6 # . " 9

0 1" '

## $ $ . % " #

% < = . 0 ,+ 0 6 &

6 ' A

< $"

6 A # 8 6 !

< A !" # .

6 A 6 & ?2

A 6 & ?5 A 6 & ? $"

6 A # 8 6 !

2 A ! " ' '

5 A ! 9 =

A ! 0 0

1" # ' 6 "

# $ %9 !! !

0 1" ' # 8

# $ ! #

$ " # "

: , 0 B % % $

#! " " " $

# 2 " 0 7 '

! $ # % ! " # "

% " 0 ++ 0 :

. $ . $ # % ! "

$ # % C " + 0 1"

! $ # % # .9 "

# " . -* 0 %

: ' "

## # 6 $ '

1 % 0 # # "

6 $ ' 1 % 0 1"

## # " "

" $ $ !

1 % *0 4 % "

# ! # 0 - ./

,0 ./ ## # 0 + !

$ % + ./ " 23+ '

# $ & + ./ ##

# 0

1" # ! " # 0-* #

0-* #0 ! # 0

-0* 1 % 0 1" !

! ' # ,0* ./ + 0

, ./ 0 / ! #% # %

! % % " % = # " " = # ' " & " #

" % . + 0

1" # . % #

! ! % % " "

! #% % !"

% " # % " ' !#

! / # $ # -*D %" . 0 1" % ! % %

%

#! 0

1" ! # 0 - ./

*0 ./ ! ## # 0

& ! ./ " " # #

! " " ! '

0 1" " #! ! " "

#% ! ' !

# " % "

# " 0 5 " !

' " $ ! !

# $ "

## 0 :

" " $ % ! ! " " # 0 (" 2 # ,- ! " " ! " "

% % " " % $ " $

' # '

! & ' 0

" " # #

!" # 9 #

! # " # # #

(3)

6 7 - 0 1" %

# % " # 6

% # % #

' ' " ! " "

9 1 %

- 0

5 " ! % "

' !# $ 0 :

" ! $ &" % % $ " #

' !# " 0 1"

" $ " " %

# $" " " # #

% # $ " " " &

' " % & "

# # " # " # # #

E # # " % / + 0

1" ! !

# ,0 ./ , 0 - ./ 0 :

" # !

! 0 2 . -+ !

" " ! # %

# ' ' % #

$ !" # "

! % % % " % . " # #

" " # # % "

# % 9

" # # !" 0 1" 9

" # # # # " #

" # '

" # # # !" 5 < # 3 -* 0 1" ! # " !" # " '

8 ! " !" #

' ! ! 1 % F +0

C ! " !" # %

& " " ' $ % ' 6

0 : % , ./ $" & "

" " # 0 G

+ ./ , ./ 0 1" !

" $ $ "

# 0 G % # $ #

#! # 0 1"

" " " !" # 8 $

## # 0 1" $ #

$ " " / ' %

- $! 0 5 " ! # & # #

$ " + ! ## 0

1" 8 ' % # #!

6 ! 6 % "

1 % 0 1" ' % # 8 $

% ' % *0 , ./ **0** + ./ 6

! % 0 * ./ 0 * + ./ 6

% $ " # & # # 8 **0** !

+ ./ 0 * + ./ 6 ! %

6 % ! ' 0 1" $

" " # $ % " " !" ' % # " " " 6 ! 6 % 0 1" $ # $ " " <" % . #0 1" #

% " " " % #

$ " " $ " "

" " 8 # < = . 0 ,+ 0 1" " #

' $ ! !

" # % 0 1"

' % # $ ! ! " "

# ' % " " %

# ! # " 0 5 "

! ' ' % # # $ "

" % .

# ! $ # $

0 # # $ !

# $ % ' 0

G 9 % ' # ! #

## # % . #0

6 ! # " !

% # $ 1 % ,0 0 1" $ " ' " ! & 0 1" " ! # " $ $" " $ '

% $ . # " #

0 5 # " ! #

# 6 ! ! # # !

# # # 0 0 " # ) '

,+ ! " # #

% # ! 0 1" # '

" !" # 6 ! % 6

% " 1 % -0 1"

' " !" # ##

# 0 , ./ ,,0,- * ./

6 ! % 0 - - ./ *0+* * ./ 6

! %

5 % # " # # '

' " ' = # !

! ! 0 6 " #

% # # ' " # % "

" " 8

# # 6

> "# 6 " 0

5 " ! " # &" % % $ "

$" $ 0 #

$ % % " H '

#0 (" # # $

## # 0 # ! # $

% 1" . $! 0 1

# 8 $ ' % !

8 " !" ' % ' %

# 0 1" # 8 $

(4)

./ 1 % 0 : # ' " % "

# ! % # "

# " ! 0 1" !

' ! ' # "

' % 8 '

" " 0 ++ 0 1" !

# # % " # "

' % ' # "

" 0

1" # & # # 7(G $ % ' , ./ !

" " + ! $ !

- ./ #% ! ! ! ! "

#% ! ! ./ $ " 0

1" # & # # (G $ , ./ !

" " + ! $ - ./

#% ! ! ! ! " #%

! ! ./ $ " , ./

! 0 1" $ $ "

" % " # & # # 7(G $ !

" " #% ! ! # #0

6 " $ + ! " " #

7(G ! " " ! ! ! !

! $ " 0

: /0>0 , 0 ! 0 "

$ @ $ H . !!0 +0

. 0 20/0 + 0 0 0 ( #0 " 0 * I

# . < # 0

(" 0B0 <0 0 2 # 0 ,-0 ( #!

# = " ! ! 0

:# 0 0 + 0

C " /0:0 + 0 # " "

$ . 0 " _{0 ) '} _% _"0

7 B0 , 0 6 ! % 0 / 0 0

++ * 0

7 B0 - 0 6 % ' % "

0 0 9 " 0 (

0 0 6 # %

1 "0 0 @ 0 0 5: : G + 0

. 6020 -*0 " # 0 B

5 ' 0 2 0 @ $ 3 " 0

" B0>0 B0C0 / % /0 0 ( # .0 ++0

# ' # ' %

% 0 : 0 0 - * *

<" 60@0 0 6 '

6 ## " #%

% . # 20 B !! 0 : '

0 * +0

< = . (0C0 /0:0 @ 0 > /0 0 C 0 ,+0 " # # 0 1"

# ! % 0 / 0 0

+ !! 0 - 0

< # /0 0 <0 3 0 -*0 /

" # # " 20

( 0 *& + - + 0

2 . :0 0 -+0 / " # # % .

% $" 20 7

, + * 0

2 " 020 0 5

! # # " #

" % " 0 0 :# 0 0

: #0 **0 * * 0

6 " $ G0 70/0 2 ' 0 0 2 70 " % 0

+0 &! ' % 6

$ # $ " 6

# % 20 > = . 0 6 0

: 0 0 *

, ,+0

%" . :0 0 0 5 #

" " $ " % =

# # 20 0

"030 1" 1 # @ : 0 4 '0 ( #% 0

/ # $ # @060 -*0 5 '

# % . # 20

"030 1" 1 # @ : 0 4 '0 ( #% 0

/ ' 0 @0 % 0 -0 5

" !" # $!

20 > !0 0 0 5 0 0 -,

-0

/ 0C0 + 0 1" J ! $ "

0 / 0 / 0 - 0

" # 0 ) '0 ,+0 5 ' : 0 0

/0 # 0 - 0

" % :0 0 6 #

20 0 60 0 : 0 1" 1@:4

( #% 0

" G0 /030 0 H '0 0 5 #

8 ' 8 ' #0 0

7 0 F 0 + +0

1" . /0 0 6 $!

20 > ! 0 60 0 : 0 1" 1 #

@ : 0 4 '0 ( #% 0

G 9 (0 0 #

% . # 20 B !! 0 60 0 : 0

(5)

> "# G0@0 /0 0 6 " 0 0 5

" !" # # '

20 5 0 7 0 ,

+* +,

' ( $ #(

) *

'

7 # 0 ,0 KK ,0

" " -0 , +*0 KK

0+-/ " +0 * 0**KK 0 *

7 # + " 0 - -0- KK

0-7 # " +0- ++0 KK 0

' ' * " 0 + 0 KK 0

" " * " 0-+ 0+-KK 0+

3 + ; $ 0+- * 0 KK

0+-*0 * -0, KK 0 +

0 , -*0 ,KK 0

" 0 0+ KK 0 *

@ #% ! ? ! 0 + -0 ,KK

0,-@ #% ? ! 0 0 KK 0*

" " # 0+- , 0 +KK

0-$ " 0 0+*KK 0

-! 0+, 0 KK 0*,

KK ; '

K + ; '

' + #+

*

,

-% ./0

1

,

-2

1 3

,

-2

(//

,

-4

( 0 *±±±± 0,+ , 0 ±±±±

0

0 ,±±±±

0

0, ±±±±

0,- ,0,,±±±± 0-+

0* ±±±±

0

0 ±±±±

0 , 0 ±±±± 0 + + 0 -±±±±

0

0, ±±±±

0-,0, ±±±±

0 ,0 *±±±± 0

0 -±±±±

0 ,

*0+ ±±±±

0 * 0**±±±± 0 , 0 *±±±±

0 +

0 ±±±±

0 ,

0-*±±±±

0 -0 ±±±± 0

0*-±±±±

0

0 ±±±±

0 + 0 -±±±± 0- ,0, ±±±±

0+

-0 ,±±±±

0,

,0* ±±±±

0- 0 ±±±± 0

0, ±±±±

0

0 ±±±±

0 + +*0 ±±±± 0 + 0 +±±±±

0

-0- ±±±±

0 ,

,0+ ±±±±

0 0--±±±± 0+

0 *±±±±

0 ,

0 ,±±±±

0-+ , + 0 *±±±± 0 + +0 ±±±±

0*

+0 ±±±±

0+*

0-*±±±±

0,, 0,*±±±± 0

0+ ±±±±

0,

-0* ±±±±

0 + - ++0 -±±±± 0 ,0 ±±±±

0

0 ±±±±

0

+0* ±±±±

0 0 ,±±±± 0

0 ±±±±

0

0+,±±±±

(6)

*

' 5 #(

* ,0- 4 3 , - 3 ,

-6 ±

! 1

# #

6 ±

! 1

# #

6

±

!

0 *0** 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 , 0 0

,0 - 0 * -0-+ 0 + *,0, -0* -0* 0 - 0+ 0+

*0+ ,,0,- +0 0 ,0 - 0 , 0 0 ,,0 - **0 *

, 0+ + 0 - 0 0 -0- 0 0+, 0+ -,0 *0

+ 0+ -0, + 0++ -0 + -0, + 0 0 , *0-- -*0 ,0

* 0+ 0 0* + 0, 0-- * 0 ,+0+ 0-+ + 0, 0*

0 0 0 -+0- ,0 , 0* - 0, -0 + *-0 , 0

4 6 + .7

)% ,/ /.- 6 7 +8 )% ,/ /(- 6 9 ./

4 6 / 8. )% ,/ /.- 6 ( &.

)% ,/ /(- 6 + &(

4 6 / 8. )% ,/ /.- 6 ( 8& )% ,/ /(- 6 + 75

' : ; < #+

* ,

-#(

#+ # <

4 4 4 4 1 (//

#(

1 (//

#+

+ -+ + *0**

0-* + * -+ 0 0 ,

+ * -+ 0 0+*

+ + + ,-+ **0** 0**

, + , ,0,- 0**

- + + *0** 0

' . 4 #+

*

,

-'

#+

4 , $

-= )

+ 0 , 0

* *-0+ , 0+

+ 0 + 0

+ **0** 0 + 0

, 0+ *-0+ +0 +0

(7)

' 7 ; < #(

#+

*

,

-#(

#(

; < $

> ' ' > ' '

(

+ 0 + 0

* * **0**

,,0,-* **0** **0** **0*

+ + * 0 , 0 0

, 0

- + 0 + 0

' 8 # $ ?#(

*

,

-1 $ $

3

,3-1

" @ ,"-1

4

,4-# (// #(

$

# (//

)

# (// 3

# (// "

# (// 4

0,+ *0 * 0 - *0** ,,0,+ + 0 0, 0,

* ,0-, ,0-- 0 0 ,,0,- 0* +0 +0*

0 -0 -0 0 + 0 - 0 +,0 0

+ *+0, 0 *0 - **0** ,,0,- *0 ** 0* -0

, , 0 0- -0 * ,0,- 0 0 + 0 0+

- , 0* 0-- * 0 *0** 0 0* * 0 0+

' & # $ $ A #(

*

,

-1 $ $

3

,3-1

" @ ,"-1

4

,4-# (// #(

$

# (//

????????????

# (//

3

# (//

"

# (//

4

0,+ *0 * 0 ,0,- **0*+ * 0* +0- -0*,

* ,0-, ,0-- 0 ,0,- 0 + 0 * * *0 0

0 -0 -0 0 *0** - 0 + +,0 0

-+ *+0, 0 *0 - **0** 0 *0 ** 0** -0 *

, , 0 0- -0 * *0 0,- 0 0 -0