WIFQHMBC
WIFQHMBC
4
4
=
=
U\AWCHQÊÇCV
U\AWCHQÊÇCV
WajuobmNmsa
WajuobmNmsa
G T - G A F < 4 = 9
G T - G A F < 4 = 9
Gcogursc pmrm c Gcrpc ba Aojao`aircs bm
Gcogursc pmrm c Gcrpc ba Aojao`aircs bm
Fmrio`m bc Lrmsih
Fmrio`m bc Lrmsih
Gl 6 4.0 Gl 6 4.0 Gsf 6 4.9 Gsf 6 4.9 Gwp 6 4.1 Gwp 6 4.1 Mwp 6 =444f¼ Mwp 6 =444f¼ Msf 6 =04f¼ Msf 6 =04f¼ R 6 =4f R 6 =4f m) m) Gp Gp 6 Gl / Gsf 6 4.0 / 4.9 6 Gl / Gsf 6 4.0 / 4.9 6 4.096 4.09 l) l) Gsf 6 4.9 6 Msf / (L*R) 6 =04 / =4L Gsf 6 4.9 6 Msf / (L*R) 6 =04 / =4L 9L 6 =04 9L 6 =04 L 6 <4f L 6 <4f g) g) Gwp 6 4.1 6 Mwp / Gwp 6 4.1 6 Mwp / (H*L) 6 =444 / <4H(H*L) 6 =444 / <4H =4H 6 =444 =4H 6 =444 H 6 =44f H 6 =44f Gl 6 4.0 6 Gl 6 4.0 6 / (H*L*R) 6 / (H*L*R) 6 / <4444 / <4444 6 =>444 f· 6 =>444 f·
Wifuhmbc =, quastçc < Wifuhmbc =, quastçc < 4 8 ύ 8 = 4 8 ύ 8 = JF 6 EL + LF - E JF 6 EL + LF - EJJ EL 6 b / < EL 6 b / < EJ 6 H / < EJ 6 H / < LF 6 I / LF 6 I / 6 6 I 6 H I 6 H22 / =< / =< 6 b*H¼ 6 b*H¼ LF 6 H¼ / =<b LF 6 H¼ / =<b JF 6 JF 6 b / b / < + < + H¼ / H¼ / =<b - =<b - H / H / << >b¼ + H¼ - >bH >b¼ + H¼ - >bH ύ 6 b / H ύ 6 b / H b 6 ύH b 6 ύH Wulstituiobc; Wulstituiobc; JF 6 >ύ¼H¼ + H¼ - JF 6 >ύ¼H¼ + H¼ - >ύH¼ 6 H¼(>ύ¼ - >ύ + =)>ύH¼ 6 H¼(>ύ¼ - >ύ + =)
Tmrm sar astívah pcsitivmfaota, JF bava sar pcsitivc, hcjc, raschvaobc m aqumêçc, c Tmrm sar astívah pcsitivmfaota, JF bava sar pcsitivc, hcjc, raschvaobc m aqumêçc, c iotarvmhc coba JF é fmicr qua zarc é;
iotarvmhc coba JF é fmicr qua zarc é;
8 8
8 8
∜
∜ ∛
∛
+
+ ∛
∛
8 8
8 8
6 <444t 6 <444t ΰ 6 2 ΰ 6 2cc LA LA EJ 6 2.1f EJ 6 2.1f EF 6 1.<f EF 6 1.<f JF 6 4.:f JF 6 4.:f m) m) b 6 1f b 6 1f w 6 =4t w 6 =4t tj(ν) 6 w*b / tj(ν) 6 w*b / *JF 6 =4*1 / <444*4.: 6 4.47>*JF 6 =4*1 / <444*4.: 6 4.47> ν 6 < ν 6 <cc LL LL
Mssif, m lmobm rasuhtmobc é ba < Mssif, m lmobm rasuhtmobc é ba <cc LA. LA.
l) l) w 6 14t w 6 14t ’ 6’ 6 + w 6 <414t + w 6 <414t EJ’ 6 (EJ* EJ’ 6 (EJ* + >*w) / + >*w) /’ 6 2.17f’ 6 2.17f
Wupcobc qua oçc cgcrrau vmrimêçc oc EF; Wupcobc qua oçc cgcrrau vmrimêçc oc EF; JF’ 6 EF - EJ’ 6 JF’ 6 EF - EJ’ 6 4.>:f4.>:f tj(ν) 6 w*b / tj(ν) 6 w*b / *JF 6 14*2 / <414*4.>: 6 *JF 6 14*2 / <414*4.>: 6 4.=2>4.=2> ν 6 0 ν 6 0cc LL LL
Mssif, m lmobm rasuhtmobc é ba 2 Mssif, m lmobm rasuhtmobc é ba 2cc LL. LL.
g) g) b 6 2 b 6 2 tj(2
tj(2cc) 6 4.4: 6 2w / (<444+w)*4.>0 (mprcx. bc JF, qua bava astmr aotra 4.>: a 4.:4)) 6 4.4: 6 2w / (<444+w)*4.>0 (mprcx. bc JF, qua bava astmr aotra 4.>: a 4.:4)
91.< + 4.41w 6 2w 91.< + 4.41w 6 2w
w 6 <2t w 6 <2t
Wifuhmbc =, quastçc 2 Wifuhmbc =, quastçc 2 B 6 2f B 6 2f K 6 4.> K 6 4.> Et 6 4.=> Et 6 4.=> Eq 6 4.47 Eq 6 4.47 ^ 6 =1 eo 6 :.:<f/s ^ 6 =1 eo 6 :.:<f/s w 6 4.<< w 6 4.<< t 6 4.=2 t 6 4.=2 ύ 6 =444 ej / f· ύ 6 =444 ej / f· m) m) ] 6 Eq*ύ*o¼*B ] 6 Eq*ύ*o¼*B11 w 6 4.<< 6 ( ^ - ^m ) / ^ w 6 4.<< 6 ( ^ - ^m ) / ^ ^m 6 >.4< f/s ^m 6 >.4< f/s K 6 ^m / o*B
K 6 ^m / o*B o 6 <.1 rps o 6 <.1 rps
] ] 6 4.47 * =444 * <.1¼ * 2 6 4.47 * =444 * <.1¼ * 2116 =9< eO.f6 =9< eO.f l) l) R 6 Eq*ύ*o¼*B R 6 Eq*ύ*o¼*B22 6 <1> eO 6 <1> eO t 6 (R - \) / R t 6 (R - \) / R \ 6 <<4=>4 O\ 6 <<4=>4 O
C tuluhçc é uf mpmrmtc af ncrfm ba butc gukm saêçc trmosvarsmh pcssui ncrfmtc ba C tuluhçc é uf mpmrmtc af ncrfm ba butc gukm saêçc trmosvarsmh pcssui ncrfmtc ba n÷hic. É iostmhmbc af vchtm bc `éhiga mnif
n÷hic. É iostmhmbc af vchtm bc `éhiga mnif ba mufaotmr a gaotrmhizmr c nhuxc ba íjum quaba mufaotmr a gaotrmhizmr c nhuxc ba íjum qua pmssm pahc prcpuhscr. É iobigmbc pmrm aflmrgmêñas qua omvajmf ä lmixms vahcgibmbas pmssm pahc prcpuhscr. É iobigmbc pmrm aflmrgmêñas qua omvajmf ä lmixms vahcgibmbas a/cu oagassitmf ba uf mhtc vmhcr ba
a/cu oagassitmf ba uf mhtc vmhcr ba lchhmrb puhh.lchhmrb puhh.
M priogipmh vmotmjaf astí oc mu
M priogipmh vmotmjaf astí oc mufaotc bc afpuxc basaovchvibc pahc prcpuhscr, bavibcfaotc bc afpuxc basaovchvibc pahc prcpuhscr, bavibc ä assm mhtarmêçc bc nhuxc. Cutrms vmotmjaos sçc m bifiouiêçc bc anaitc ba
ä assm mhtarmêçc bc nhuxc. Cutrms vmotmjaos sçc m bifiouiêçc bc anaitc ba pmbbhaw`aah pmbbhaw`aah
(anaitc oc qumh c omvic taoba m ioghiomr pmrm uf lcrbc burmota m omvajmêçc) a m prctaêçc (anaitc oc qumh c omvic taoba m ioghiomr pmrm uf lcrbc burmota m omvajmêçc) a m prctaêçc bcs `éhigas.
bcs `éhigas.
Ms priogipmis basvmotmjaos astçc oc mufaotc bm íram fch`mbm bm aflmrgmêçc, Ms priogipmis basvmotmjaos astçc oc mufaotc bm íram fch`mbm bm aflmrgmêçc, gcosaquaotafa
gcosaquaotafaota mufaotmobc m rasistëota mufaotmobc m rasistëogim mc mvmoêc. ogim mc mvmoêc. Cutrms basvmotmjaCutrms basvmotmjaos astçcos astçc oufm fmicr biniguhbmba ba fmoutaoêçc bcs `éhigas, praêc ba iostmhmêçc (bapaobaobc oufm fmicr biniguhbmba ba fmoutaoêçc bcs `éhigas, praêc ba iostmhmêçc (bapaobaobc bc tipc ba
Wifuhmbc =, quastçc > Wifuhmbc =, quastçc > M 6 <f M 6 <f R 6 0s R 6 0s j 6 9.0= f/s¼ j 6 9.0= f/s¼ m) m) @ @ 6 <M 6 <M 6 2f6 2f l) l) n n 6 = / R 6 6 = / R 6 4.=<1 @z4.=<1 @z g) g) e e 6 6¼ / j 6 (<τn)¼ / j¼ / j 6 (<τn)¼ / j 6 4.4>76 4.4>7 b) b) ε / R 6 ε / R 6 / j / j ε 6 4.>2f ε 6 4.>2f
m) m)
Rmh sistafm mprasaotm fuitcs rancrêmbcras havas, bispcstcs om biraêçc trmosvarsmh, Rmh sistafm mprasaotm fuitcs rancrêmbcras havas, bispcstcs om biraêçc trmosvarsmh, saobc supcrtmbc pcr pcugcs rancrêmbcras pasmbcs om biraêçc hcojitubiomh. Cs saobc supcrtmbc pcr pcugcs rancrêmbcras pasmbcs om biraêçc hcojitubiomh. Cs rancrêmbcras havas sçc bispcstcs af aspmêmfaotcs gurtcs, ba >44ff m =444ff, af rancrêmbcras havas sçc bispcstcs af aspmêmfaotcs gurtcs, ba >44ff m =444ff, af ncrfm ba moéis, mc hcojc ba tcbc c gcfprifaotc bc omvic. É gcfpcstc bc vmu bc ncrfm ba moéis, mc hcojc ba tcbc c gcfprifaotc bc omvic. É gcfpcstc bc vmu bc gcovés, qua supcrtm c g`mpamfaotc bc
gcovés, qua supcrtm c g`mpamfaotc bc gcovés, gmvarom, qua supcrtm c gcovés, gmvarom, qua supcrtm c g`mpamfaotcg`mpamfaotc bc gcstmbc, a m `mstih`m, qua supcrtm c g`mpamfaotc bc nuobc a bc tatc bc buphc bc gcstmbc, a m `mstih`m, qua supcrtm c g`mpamfaotc bc nuobc a bc tatc bc buphc nuobc. M rasistëogim hcojitubiomh
nuobc. M rasistëogim hcojitubiomh af omvics gcf gmvaromfaotc trmosvarsmh é jmrmotibmaf omvics gcf gmvaromfaotc trmosvarsmh é jmrmotibm pahc g`mpamfaotc bc gmsgc, tatc bc buphc nuobc, bcs gcovasas, ncrm bms rajiñas ba pahc g`mpamfaotc bc gmsgc, tatc bc buphc nuobc, bcs gcovasas, ncrm bms rajiñas ba mlarturms a ba asgctih`ms, a
mlarturms a ba asgctih`ms, a pahcs rancrêmbcras hcojitubiomis pasmbcs.pahcs rancrêmbcras hcojitubiomis pasmbcs.
l) l)
C gmvaromfaotc trmosvarsmh é iobigmbc pmrm omvics gcf gcfprifaotcs paquaocs a C gmvaromfaotc trmosvarsmh é iobigmbc pmrm omvics gcf gcfprifaotcs paquaocs a fébics (mprcxifmbmfaota =44f), coba m rasistëogim hcojitubiomh oçc é tçc fébics (mprcxifmbmfaota =44f), coba m rasistëogim hcojitubiomh oçc é tçc raquaribm.
raquaribm.
g) g)
Oc sistafm ba gmvaromfaotc hcojitubiomh, cs rancrêmbcras havas astçc bispcstcs om Oc sistafm ba gmvaromfaotc hcojitubiomh, cs rancrêmbcras havas astçc bispcstcs om biraêçc hcojitubiomh bm aflmrgmêçc. Rmis rancrêmbcras, aspmêmbcs aotra >44ff a biraêçc hcojitubiomh bm aflmrgmêçc. Rmis rancrêmbcras, aspmêmbcs aotra >44ff a 944ff, mhéf ba bmraf supcrta mc g`mpamfaotc tmfléf gcotriluaf pmrm m 944ff, mhéf ba bmraf supcrta mc g`mpamfaotc tmfléf gcotriluaf pmrm m rasistëogim hcojitubiomh bm vijm omvic, gconariobc m tmh mrrmokc fmis anigiëogim bc qua rasistëogim hcojitubiomh bm vijm omvic, gconariobc m tmh mrrmokc fmis anigiëogim bc qua c motaricr. Moéis ba gmvaroms jijmotas, bispcstcs m gmbm 7 m 1 fatrcs, ncroagaf c motaricr. Moéis ba gmvaroms jijmotas, bispcstcs m gmbm 7 m 1 fatrcs, ncroagaf rasistëogim trmosvarsmh a supcrta pmrm cs hcojitubiomis
rasistëogim trmosvarsmh a supcrta pmrm cs hcojitubiomis havas.havas.
b) b)
C gmvaromfaotc hcojitubiomh é iobigmbc pmrm omvics gcf gcfprifaotcs fébic pmrm C gmvaromfaotc hcojitubiomh é iobigmbc pmrm omvics gcf gcfprifaotcs fébic pmrm jrmoba (fmicras qua =44f) a jrmoba, coba m rasistëogim hcojitubiomh é lmstmota jrmoba (fmicras qua =44f) a jrmoba, coba m rasistëogim hcojitubiomh é lmstmota axijibm mtrmvés bcs gmrrajmfaotcs ba nhaxçc
Wifuhmbc =, quastçc 0 Wifuhmbc =, quastçc 0 m) m) Li-Aojmsta Li-Aojmsta l) l) Tmrm aogcotrmr m mhturm bm
Tmrm aogcotrmr m mhturm bm hio`m oautrm é oagassíric aogcotrmr c gaotrciba bc hio`m oautrm é oagassíric aogcotrmr c gaotrciba bc gcokuotc.gcokuotc. Tmrm issc sarí gmhguhmbc c
Tmrm issc sarí gmhguhmbc c fcfaotc ba íram ba gmbm pmrta bm fcfaotc ba íram ba gmbm pmrta bm astruturm, af rahmêçc mcastruturm, af rahmêçc mc gcovés (mrastm suparicr bm
gcovés (mrastm suparicr bm g`mpm gchmlcrmota).g`mpm gchmlcrmota). Ahafaotc
Ahafaotc Íram(ff¼) Íram(ff¼) bSgaotrcibaSg bSgaotrcibaSg (ff) Íram (ff) Íram x x b b (ff·)(ff·) G`mpm G`mpm :144 :144 :,1 :,1 1><141><14 Mhfm Mhfm =1444 =1444 =>1 =>1 <2:1444<2:1444 Nhmoja Nhmoja <444 <444 7<4 7<4 >24444>24444 Rctmh Rctmh <2144 <2144 7=:=<147=:=<14 bShio`m oautrm bShio`m oautrm 6 7=:=<14 / <2144 6 7=:=<14 / <21446 =74ff6 =74ff g) g)
Nmhtcu ncroagar m taosçc mbfissævah 6 =14FTm
Nmhtcu ncroagar m taosçc mbfissævah 6 =14FTm Ahafaotc
Ahafaotc Íram Íram bSgaotSho bSgaotSho Igf(ffIgf(ff22) ) M*b¼(ffM*b¼(ff22) ) Igf Igf + + Mb¼Mb¼
G`mpm G`mpm :144 :144 =<<,1 =<<,1 =24><1 =24><1 ===1=:90: ===1=:90: ===>10>=<===>10>=< Mhfm Mhfm =1444 =1444 71 71 ==<144444 ==<144444 =07:1444 =07:1444 =740:1444=740:1444 Nhmoja <444 Nhmoja <444 =94 =94 =>>>>: =>>>>: :<<44444 :<<44444 :<<=>>>::<<=>>>: Rctmh 7=2:14<:9 Rctmh 7=2:14<:9 IItctmhtctmh 6 7=2:14<:9 ff 6 7=2:14<:9 ff22 6 4.4447=2 f 6 4.4447=2 f22
Tmrm uf gmrrajmfaotc uoincrfa mc hcojc bm sigcrbm li-aojmstmbm c fmicr fcfaotc Tmrm uf gmrrajmfaotc uoincrfa mc hcojc bm sigcrbm li-aojmstmbm c fmicr fcfaotc cgcrra ocs aojmstas a taf uf vmhcr ba qH¼/=<.
cgcrra ocs aojmstas a taf uf vmhcr ba qH¼/=<.
χ χ 6 6 Fg Fg II 66 qH¼g qH¼g =<I =<I =14444444 6 =14444444 6 =9,1q =9,1q 4.447:: 4.447:: ↜ 6 ↜ 6
C sistafm biasah-ahétrigc prasaota ocs sulfmriocs mtumis mprasaotm c sajuiota C sistafm biasah-ahétrigc prasaota ocs sulfmriocs mtumis mprasaotm c sajuiota nuogicomfaotc;
nuogicomfaotc; Gcfc cs fctcras m
Gcfc cs fctcras m biasah nuogicomf pcr gcflustçc, axista m oagassibmba bc sulfmriocbiasah nuogicomf pcr gcflustçc, axista m oagassibmba bc sulfmrioc vir pr÷xifc ä suparnægia pmrm raocvmr c mr utihizmbc ocs fctcras, saobc nmgihfaota vir pr÷xifc ä suparnægia pmrm raocvmr c mr utihizmbc ocs fctcras, saobc nmgihfaota visumhizmbc. Tmrm issc mgicom c sistafm ba axmustçc a c
visumhizmbc. Tmrm issc mgicom c sistafm ba axmustçc a c secroah secroah . Burmota assa tafpc, ms. Burmota assa tafpc, ms
lmtarims bc sulfmrioc,
lmtarims bc sulfmrioc, raspcosívais pahm aoarjim bcs raspcosívais pahm aoarjim bcs aquipmfaotcs, sçc ragmrrajmbms.aquipmfaotcs, sçc ragmrrajmbms. ]umobc ms lmtarims astçc ocvmfaota gmrrajmbms, c sulfmrioc farjuh`m a bashijm cs ]umobc ms lmtarims astçc ocvmfaota gmrrajmbms, c sulfmrioc farjuh`m a bashijm cs fctcras biasah, vchtmobc m nigmr ‘iovisævah‖. Ms
fctcras biasah, vchtmobc m nigmr ‘iovisævah‖. Ms lmtarims mhifaotmf cs fctcras ahétrigcs,lmtarims mhifaotmf cs fctcras ahétrigcs, raspcosívais pahm prcpuhsçc bc sulfmrioc. M nijurm mlmixc fcstrm uf sulfmrioc raspcosívais pahm prcpuhsçc bc sulfmrioc. M nijurm mlmixc fcstrm uf sulfmrioc gcovaogicomh.
Wifuhmbc =, quastçc =4 Wifuhmbc =, quastçc =4 m)
m)
M gmvitmêçc é m ncrfmêçc ba lch`ms ba vmpcr qua cgcrra qumobc m prassçc bm íjum M gmvitmêçc é m ncrfmêçc ba lch`ms ba vmpcr qua cgcrra qumobc m prassçc bm íjum mtioja m prassçc ba smturmêçc gcrraspcobaota ä tafparmturm bc nhuibc af tcroc bc mtioja m prassçc ba smturmêçc gcrraspcobaota ä tafparmturm bc nhuibc af tcroc bc `éhiga. Asta naoòfaoc é iobasakívah, pcis mhéf ba prcvcgmr m arcsçc bm pí, bifioui m `éhiga. Asta naoòfaoc é iobasakívah, pcis mhéf ba prcvcgmr m arcsçc bm pí, bifioui m anigiëogim bc prcpuhscr, a prcvcgm ruæbcs a vilrmêñas.
anigiëogim bc prcpuhscr, a prcvcgm ruæbcs a vilrmêñas.
Bivarscs nmtcras mnatmf assa naoòfaoc, gcfc m prcnuobibmba bc prcpuhscr, c Bivarscs nmtcras mnatmf assa naoòfaoc, gcfc m prcnuobibmba bc prcpuhscr, c biìfatrc, qumotibmba ba pís, vahcgibmba ba rctmêçc, vahcgibmba bc omvic.
biìfatrc, qumotibmba ba pís, vahcgibmba ba rctmêçc, vahcgibmba bc omvic. l) l) B 6 1f B 6 1f [ 6 2 [ 6 2 R 6 144eO R 6 144eO b 6 :f b 6 :f E 6 4.= E 6 4.= M M M M 66 ( (=.7=.7 + 4+ 4.7[.7[))RR ((TT ∜ T ∜ T))B¼B¼ + E+ E M M M M 66 =<14444 =<14444 ((:44:4444 ∜44 ∜ =:4=:444))<1<1 + 4.= 6 4.07 + 4.= 6 4.07 Mc é m íram bc bisgc a
Mc é m íram bc bisgc a vmha τB¼ / 2 6 =9.><1¼.vmha τB¼ / 2 6 =9.><1¼.
Hcjc, m fæoifm íram axpmobibm bava sar ba =>.7f¼. Hcjc, m fæoifm íram axpmobibm bava sar ba =>.7f¼.