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RESUMO DE DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO
Sebastião Junior Henrique Duarte Sônia Maria Oliveira de Andrade
REPRESENTAÇÃO SOCIAL DA GESTANTE RESIDENTE
NO MARABÁ A RESPEITO DO PRÉ-NATAL
aAs políticas públicas de saúde voltadas ao pré-natal têm se preocupado com a redução da mortalidade materna e infantil e com a qualidade da assistência ofertada. Para tanto são implementados programas que padronizam as ações necessárias a serem executadas pelos profissionais que atuam nessa área, com ênfase na dimensão biológica. Contudo, os fatores que envolvem a gravidez não se resumem a esse campo1. Na perspectiva de conhecer as características psicossociais em torno da gestação e o modo
como as gestantes percebem o pré-natal, foi realizada pesquisa que objetivou apreender as representações sociais das gestantes residentes nas áreas de atuação das equipes do Programa Saúde da Família em Marabá, a respeito do pré-natal. Foram realizadas vinte e uma entrevistas com mulheres grávidas residentes na área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Marabá, com enfoque qualitativo2. A análise dos resultados ocorreu através do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo3 (DSC) e se tomou
como base referencial teórico as Representações Sociais propostas por Serge Moscovici4 (2003). Os
resultados mostraram que a preocupação maior é com o nascimento de uma criança saudável, razão pela qual as mulheres aderem ao pré-natal. Ressalta-se a importância do acolhimento para essas mulheres e do conseqüente vínculo com os profissionais, estabelecido no processo. As razões alegadas para a não realização do pré-natal, por parte das gestantes, remetem as questões relacionadas a motivos pessoais, tais como atividades cotidianas de trabalho, cuidados domésticos e familiares, apontadas ainda razões que se referem à organização do serviço, destacando-se horário de atendimento incompatível, demora na realização de exames, presença de estagiários e falta de acolhimento. Conclui-se que existe ineficiência no processo de comunicação5 entre as gestantes e os profissionais de
pré-natal e que o acolhimento6 não tem sido efetivo para o grupo de mulheres grávidas.
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PPalaalaalaalavralavrvras-cvrvras-cas-cas-cas-chahahahahavvvvveeeee: Enfermagem. Saúde da mulher. Gravidez. Cuidado Pré-natal. Pesquisa qualitativa.
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Esc Anna Nery R Enferm 2007 jun; 11 (2): 373 - 6. MASTER’ S DEGREE
DISSERTATION ABSTRACT
SOCIAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PREGANCE MARABA´ S
RESIDENCE TO PRENATAL ASSISTANCE
TTTTThe Pubhe Pubhe Pubhe Public Health Phe Public Health Plic Health Plic Health Plic Health Policies adolicies addrolicies adolicies adolicies addrdrdrdressed to pressed to pr enaessed to pressed to pressed to prenaenaenaenatal hatal hatal hatal havvvvve been concertal ha e been concere been concere been concer ned with thee been concerned with thened with thened with thened with the decr
decr decr decr
decreasing ofeasing ofeasing ofeasing of infeasing of inf inf inf infant and maant and maant and maant and maant and materter nal morterterternal mornal mornal mor tality and also with the quality ofnal mortality and also with the quality oftality and also with the quality oftality and also with the quality oftality and also with the quality of the assistance the assistance the assistance the assistance the assistance deli
deli deli deli
delivvvvvererererered bed bed bed bed by the pry the pry the pry the pry the profofofofessionalsofessionalsessionalsessionalsessionals... F For these pur F F For these puror these puror these pur posesor these purposesposesposesposes,,,,, pr prooooogggggrrrrrams ha pr pr pr ams haams haams havvvvve been implementedams ha e been implementede been implementede been implementede been implemented in or
in or in or in or
in order to standarder to standarder to standardizder to standarder to standardizdizdize the actions to be cardize the actions to be care the actions to be care the actions to be care the actions to be car ried out bried out bried out by the prried out bried out by the pry the pry the pry the profofofofessionals engofessionals engessionals engessionals engessionals engaaaaaggggged ined ined ined ined in this ar
this ar this ar this ar
this area,ea,ea, with emphasis in a bioloea,ea, with emphasis in a biolo with emphasis in a biolo with emphasis in a biolo with emphasis in a biological dimension.gical dimension. Hogical dimension.gical dimension.gical dimension. Ho Ho Ho Howwwwweeeeevvvvver the fer the factorer the fer the fer the factoractoractoractor s thas thas thas thas that int invvvvvolvt int int in olvolvolvolvededededed pregnancy are not restricted to a biological field. In order to identify the social pregnancy are not restricted to a biological field. In order to identify the social pregnancy are not restricted to a biological field. In order to identify the social pregnancy are not restricted to a biological field. In order to identify the social pregnancy are not restricted to a biological field. In order to identify the social features related to pregnancy and the way which prenatal is viewed by pregnant women, features related to pregnancy and the way which prenatal is viewed by pregnant women, features related to pregnancy and the way which prenatal is viewed by pregnant women, features related to pregnancy and the way which prenatal is viewed by pregnant women, features related to pregnancy and the way which prenatal is viewed by pregnant women, is tha
is tha is tha is tha
is that this studt this studt this studt this studt this study wy wy wy wy was conducted,as conducted,as conducted, to underas conducted,as conducted, to under to under to under to under stand the prstand the prstand the prstand the pr enastand the prenaenaenatal carenatal cartal cartal cartal care re r elae re re relaelaelaelated to socialted to socialted to socialted to socialted to social representations held by pregnant women who live in the area of the health care representations held by pregnant women who live in the area of the health care representations held by pregnant women who live in the area of the health care representations held by pregnant women who live in the area of the health care representations held by pregnant women who live in the area of the health care teams of the Health Family Program of Maraba’s district, Brazil. Had been conducted teams of the Health Family Program of Maraba’s district, Brazil. Had been conducted teams of the Health Family Program of Maraba’s district, Brazil. Had been conducted teams of the Health Family Program of Maraba’s district, Brazil. Had been conducted teams of the Health Family Program of Maraba’s district, Brazil. Had been conducted tw
tw tw tw
twenty-one interenty-one interenty-one interenty-one inter vieenty-one intervievievie ws with prviews with prws with prws with prws with pr eeeeegnant wgnant wgnant wgnant wgnant women domen domen domen domen d ww elling in the cowwwelling in the coelling in the coelling in the coelling in the covvvvverererer ed arered ar ea ofed ared ared area ofea ofea ofea of the the the the the Maraba’s Basic Health Unit using qualitative approach. The analysis of the results Maraba’s Basic Health Unit using qualitative approach. The analysis of the results Maraba’s Basic Health Unit using qualitative approach. The analysis of the results Maraba’s Basic Health Unit using qualitative approach. The analysis of the results Maraba’s Basic Health Unit using qualitative approach. The analysis of the results w
ww w
w as made tras made tras made tr ough Discouras made tras made trough Discourough Discourough Discour se ofough Discourse ofse ofse of the Collectise of the Collecti the Collecti the Collecti the Collectivvvvve Subject (DCS) and the theore Subject (DCS) and the theore Subject (DCS) and the theore Subject (DCS) and the theore Subject (DCS) and the theor eticaleticaleticaleticaletical background adopted was the Social Representations, proposed by Serge Moscovici background adopted was the Social Representations, proposed by Serge Moscovici background adopted was the Social Representations, proposed by Serge Moscovici background adopted was the Social Representations, proposed by Serge Moscovici background adopted was the Social Representations, proposed by Serge Moscovici (2003).
(2003). (2003). (2003).
(2003). TTTTThe rhe rhe rhe rhe results shoesults shoesults shoesults shoesults showwwwwed thaed thaed thaed thaed that the bigt the bigt the bigt the bigt the biggggggest concerest concerest concerest concerest concer n is with the birn is with the birn is with the birn is with the birn is with the bir th ofth ofth ofth of a healthfulth of a healthful a healthful a healthful a healthful ccccchild,hild,hild,hild, enough rhild, enough r enough r enough r enough reason feason feason feason for weason for wor wor wor women adheromen adheromen adheromen adheromen adhere to the pre to the prenae to the pre to the pre to the prenaenaenaenatal onetal onetal onetal onetal one... F Focusing the impor F F Focusing the imporocusing the imporocusing the imporocusing the impor tancetancetancetancetance of care for these women and the consequent bond with the professionals established of care for these women and the consequent bond with the professionals established of care for these women and the consequent bond with the professionals established of care for these women and the consequent bond with the professionals established of care for these women and the consequent bond with the professionals established in the process. The reasons alleged for a not accomplishment of the prenatal one, in the process. The reasons alleged for a not accomplishment of the prenatal one, in the process. The reasons alleged for a not accomplishment of the prenatal one, in the process. The reasons alleged for a not accomplishment of the prenatal one, in the process. The reasons alleged for a not accomplishment of the prenatal one, rrrrr eeeeegggggararar ding prararding prding prding prding pr eeeeegnant wgnant woman,gnant wgnant wgnant woman,oman,oman,oman, puts questions r puts questions r ela puts questions r puts questions r puts questions relaelaelated to perelated to perted to perted to per sonal rted to personal rsonal rsonal r easons as dailsonal reasons as daileasons as daileasons as dailyyyyyeasons as dail acti
acti acti acti
activities ofvities ofvities ofvities ofvities of w w w w wororororor k,k,k, domestic and fk,k, domestic and f domestic and f domestic and f domestic and familiar caramiliar caramiliar caramiliar car esamiliar careseseses,,,,, pointed y pointed y pointed y pointed y pointed yet ret ret r easons ret ret reasons reasons reasons reasons relaelaelaelaelating to theting to theting to theting to theting to the or
or or or
or ggggganizaanizaanization ofanizaanization oftion oftion oftion of the ser the ser the ser the ser the ser vice itselfvice itselfvice itselfvice itselfvice itself,,,,, as the time of as the time of as the time of the a as the time of as the time of the a the a the a the attendance being incompattendance being incompattendance being incompattendance being incompattendance being incompatibtibtibtibtiblelelelele with their
with their with their with their
with their sssss,,,,, dela dela dela delay in the accomplishment of delay in the accomplishment ofy in the accomplishment ofy in the accomplishment ofy in the accomplishment of the e the e the e the exams the examsxams,,,,, prxamsxams pr pr presence of presence ofesence of tresence ofesence of tr tr tr trainees and alsoainees and alsoainees and alsoainees and alsoainees and also a lack of shelter from the professionals. It had been concluded that it has inefficiency a lack of shelter from the professionals. It had been concluded that it has inefficiency a lack of shelter from the professionals. It had been concluded that it has inefficiency a lack of shelter from the professionals. It had been concluded that it has inefficiency a lack of shelter from the professionals. It had been concluded that it has inefficiency in the process of communication between pregnant women and the professionals of in the process of communication between pregnant women and the professionals of in the process of communication between pregnant women and the professionals of in the process of communication between pregnant women and the professionals of in the process of communication between pregnant women and the professionals of pr
pr pr pr
prenaenaenaenatal and thaenatal and thatal and thatal and thatal and that the shelter has not been eft the shelter has not been eft the shelter has not been eft the shelter has not been eft the shelter has not been effffffectiectiectiectiectivvvvve fe fe fe fe for the gor the gor the gor the grrrrroup itselfor the g oup itselfoup itselfoup itselfoup itself...
Sebastião Junior Henrique Duarte Sônia Maria Oliveira de Andrade
K KK
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RESUMEN DE LA DISERTACIÓN
DEL MASTER
REPRESENTACIÓN SOCIAL DE LA EMBARAZADA RESIDENTE
EN MARABA AL RESPECTO DEL PRENATAL
Las políticas públicas de salud hacia el prenatal se han preocupado con la reducción de la mortalidad materno-infantil y con la calidad de la asistencia ofrecida. Para ello son implementados programas que estandarizan las acciones necesarias a ser ejecutadas por los profesionales que actúan en el área, con énfasis en la dimensión biológica. Con todo, los factores que involucran al embarazo no se resumen a ese campo. Con la perspectiva de conocer las características sociales en torno a la gestación y el modo como las embarazadas perciben al prenatal, fue realizada investigación que tuvo como objetivo aprender las representaciones sociales de las embarazadas residentes en áreas de actuación de equipos del Programa de Salud de la Familia de Marabá, Brasil, en relación al prenatal. Fueron realizadas veintiún entrevistas con mujeres embarazadas residentes en el área de cobertura de la Unidad Básica de Salud de Marabá, con enfoque cualitativo. El análisis de los resultados ha sido a través del Discurso de Sujeto Colectivo (DSC) y se ha tomado como base de referencia teórica a las Representaciones Sociales propuestas por Serge Moscovici (2003). Los resultados han demostrado que la mayor preocupación es con el nacimiento de una criatura saludable, razón por la cual las mujeres se adhieren al prenatal. Se resalta la importancia de una buena acogida para esas mujeres y del consecuente vínculo con los profesionales, establecido en el proceso. Las razones alegadas para la no realización del prenatal, por parte de las embarazadas, remiten a cuestiones relacionadas a motivos personales como actividades cotidianas de trabajo, cuidados domésticos y familiares, señaladas aún razones que se refieren a la organización de servicios, destacándose horarios de atención incompatible, demora para realizar estudios, presencia de estudiantes realizando pasantías y falta de acogida. Se concluye que existe deficiencia en el proceso de comunicación entre las embarazadas y los profesionales del prenatal y que la acogida no ha sido efectiva para el grupo de mujeres embarazadas. Sebastião Junior Henrique Duarte Sônia Maria Oliveira de Andrade
P PP
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Esc Anna Nery R Enferm 2007 jun; 11 (2): 373 - 6. aaaaaDissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, em fevereiro de 2007.
Master’s Degree Dissertation defended in the Federal University of Mato Grasso do Sul, February 2007. Dissertación del Master defendida en la Universidad Federal del Mato Grosso do Sul, en febrero de 2007. Not a
Recebido em22/01/2005 Reapresentado em04/04/2005 Aprovado em 20/06/2005
1. Duarte SJH, Andrade SMO. Assistência pré-natal no Programa Saúde da Família. Esc Anna Nery Rev Enferm 2006 abr; 10 (1): 121-25. 2. Minayo MCS, et al. Pesquisa social. 22ª ed. Petrópolis(RJ): Vozes, 2003.
3. Lefèvre F, Lefèvre AMC. O discurso do sujeito coletivo: um novo enfoque em pesquisa qualitativa (desdobramentos). 2ª ed. Caxias do Sul(RS): Educs; 2005.
4. Moscovici S. Representações sociais: investigações em psicologia social. Petrópolis(RJ): Vozes; 2003.
5. Caron OAF, Silva IA. Par turiente e equipe obstétrica: a difícil arte da comunicação. Rev latino-am Enferm 2002 jul-ago; 10 (4) 485-492. 6. Gomes MCPA, Pinheiro R. Acolhimento e vínculo: práticas de integralidade na gestão do cuidado em saúde em grandes centros urbanos. Rev interface comunicação, saúde e educação 2005 mar/ago; 9 (17) 287- 301.
Referências
Sobre os Autores
Se SeSe
SeSebastião Jbastião Jbastião Jbastião Jbastião Junior Henrique Duarunior Henrique Duarunior Henrique Duarunior Henrique Duar teunior Henrique Duartetetete
Enfermeiro generalista. Graduado pela Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Especialista em Saúde da Família, ENSP/FIOCRUZ. Mestre em Saúde Coletiva pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Sônia Maria Oliveira de Andrade Sônia Maria Oliveira de AndradeSônia Maria Oliveira de Andrade Sônia Maria Oliveira de AndradeSônia Maria Oliveira de Andrade
