Universidade de Aveiro Ano 2012 Departamento de Educação
Sandra Afonso
Vieira da Silva
A cerâmica na disciplina de Educação Visual
do 3º Ciclo
ii Universidade de Aveiro Ano 2012 Departamento de Educação
Sandra Afonso
Vieira da Silva
A cerâmica na disciplina de Educação
Visual do 3º Ciclo
Relatório Final apresentado à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Artes Visuais do 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Secundário, realizado sob a orientação científica da Doutora Rosa Maria Pinho de Oliveira, Professora Auxiliar do Departamento de Comunicação e Arte da Universidade de Aveiro
iii Dedico este trabalho ao meu pai
iv
o júri
presidente Professora Doutora Teresa Maria Bettencourt da Cruz
professora auxiliar na Universidade de Aveiro
Arguente principal Professora Doutora Inês Maria Henriques Guedes de Oliveira
professora auxiliar da Universidade de Aveiro
orientadora Professora Doutora Rosa Maria Pinho de Oliveira
v
agradecimentos Agradeço em primeiro lugar à Professora Doutora Rosa Maria
Oliveira pelo apoio e dedicação prestados a esta investigação. À Doutora Isabel Faria Amorim, minha orientadora
cooperante, sem a qual não teria sido possível realizar este projeto.
vi palavras-chave
resumo
Artes visuais, ensino/aprendizagem, cerâmica, técnica cerâmica, história da cerâmica, painéis cerâmicos, painéis de azulejo
O presente relatório visa defender a introdução do ensino da cerâmica na disciplina de Educação Visual, nomeadamente no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.
Esta investigação é composta por uma breve história da cerâmica e da introdução do azulejo em Portugal. Refere, ainda, os autores portugueses mais significativos que realizaram painéis e revestimentos parietais cerâmicos na época contemporânea. Seguidamente é analisada a técnica da cerâmica, bem como se explana a importância desta técnica para os alunos deste grau de ensino.
O mote desta investigação foi dado pela realização de uma proposta de trabalho, durante a Prática de Ensino
Supervisionada, para um painel cerâmico relevado sobre o “Auto da Barca do Inferno” de Gil Vicente. Este projecto permitiu assim experimentar a técnica da cerâmica como um meio para a expressão da criatividade, no sentido de
beneficiar os alunos com uma oportunidade para tomarem consciência de si próprios e das suas emoções, bem como a prática da interdisciplinaridade, neste caso com a disciplina de Português.
vii keywords
abstract
Visual arts, teaching/learning, ceramics, ceramic thecnics, ceramic history, ceramic panels, azulejo panels
The present text aims to promote the introduction of ceramic in the Visual Education discipline, namely in the 3rd year of Basic Education.
A general view of ceramic history and introduction of “azulejo” in Portugal opens the discussion, passing by an extensive overview of ceramic panels and wall-coverings of
contemporary artists. A short approach of ceramics techniques as well as the importance of this technique for the pupils comes next, framing the investigation.
The starting point was the teaching practice project for a three-dimensional ceramic panel illustrating the “Auto da Barca do Inferno” by Gil Vicente. This gave an opportunity to the author and the pupils to experiment ceramic techniques as a mean to express creativity. The self consciousness and emotions awareness was this way introduced by the ceramics modeling. It was also an opportunity to use interdisciplinary methods, in this case with Portuguese discipline.
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)) / S . ( * " : ( E22P* . . 9 .$& : " " . & : & . . " . 0 " # . (9 E2GE* ) & " $ @ B " $ = S " S (/I E2GE* % H> ) " : &! " 0 . : & . ". 0 "0 # : " &
)3 D + ( * " . " & & . . " $ " & . & . $ ( * : ( * " . ) ! ) H> : . O : # : ' 0 ( * & : : < " # + . $ ; & " : ) " : " ; % . 0 & : & : $ ( * ( + * (% " E2GG*
)4 " . $ " ( 2 * " " & ; : : & ' $ : $ 2CC3 ETFC39 ) " # $ : (EPCC3 9* $ $ S S S . & " % + " " (< E22E* ; ( # * # # (/I E2GE* 9 9 # 9 / 7 & 9 " ! & 9 " > . 9 & %: & 9 O E= 9 : # # + . % ' . # # O ' 3 * 0 " 0 ' :
)5
"
' " ( E22P*
)6 4 + "0 . = $ # : ' : " : # = # ; # S # " ; S " " : " ; . # + : " : 0 ) ' & $ " : " & " : ! . ( > * . # ". . : : # # . (/I E22E* . & " " " : ". . & . " " : 1 & $ # ( E22P* : " ) # " # " (/I E22E* % : 0 " S .
37 ECCC3 9 ( * O 0 # . 0 # (/I E22E* : ! . # ) & "0 ( * & (A E2PM* ? = : $ " " $ " . : ( & * ) # ! ( * : ( " * < & " & : # > = " # EECC3 9 - . : & & " : 0 (/I E22E* # . : ! ) " . 0 ' . !
3
" # S # 0
& " & . (A E2PM*
" # & ) & < " : 9 0 " " ; $ ; " : & 0
3 & ' * " + : 63 9 < < = @(_* & 0 " -EC$EE & 0 & . : ". : $ " 1 " # ) & < " " , S . ; : 0 B (E222 P6$PT* . . 0 . : 0 $ " ' : # . : & @ # B (< E222 PP* . : . : @ ; # B (< E222 PG* : : : 0 0 : " ) + : 63 9 " : " " 0 # ; :
3 D " & " & . " . + ; # ". " # @ B (& =11QQQ 1 -9 9 > L> %D 9 / >L9 & * & " + @(_* < " # . : ' \ ] # # + B (& =11QQQ 1 -9 9 > L> %D 9 / >L9 & * & " . " (& =11QQQ 1 -9 9 > L> %D 9 / >L9 & * # + " + % " & " # ( * " . @ # ) $ " . : $ (_* (_* # 0 (_*B (& =11QQQ 1 -9 9 > L> %D 9 / >L9 & * + 0 " . @(_* (_*B (& =11QQQ 1 -9 9 > L> %D 9 / >L9 & * # . "
3% : & $ . 0 . . ' ? . # : . # " < : & : # + ". & 9 0 . $ : : @ & : $ ; ; : "0 . : B (& =11QQQ 1 -9 9 > L> %D 9 / >L9 & * ? . ! + ; ; : " & ) + $ . " ". : ' ' . . : & + 0 : " # " < ; "0
3) " & " : 1 " " # + ) c V Q (E2FT* : E5 ET & # . . " 9 = @ " : ! 0 \ ] # ; : . . # ) ' " " + ; # " B (V Q E2FT 5C5* ? : # : (/ 5CEC* " 0 # :
33 - >* " ,* & < 4 516 7 " 9 ) " $ & 0 . ( E266* 2 CF c k
2G2C & " & 5P GM2 & "
(& =11QQQ 1# 1# e# gL% Z# g f " Z)-4VL9 9 < "f" gE55EC62FMZ)-4VL9 9 < g5* 7 " . 4 53 63 9 53 9 63 9 " # ! + . (& =11QQQ 5CCC 1 1 "56 1 f 1 & * @ , * A 8 63 9 , 0 : % ! * 9 % ! * . " 7
& " & "0 &
" &
& 3
34 % ! * * G % $ : # = @) # j " + ' ! " ! . & " l # m Q I (E2PM* ' \ # ] < &n B (9 & 5CC2 6FG* $ $ " # " . " # " +$ $ . " $ ; & 0 ' + $ : $ "0 & " ( E22C* 9 $ # L # " ; # ; & $ ( E22C* 7 ) < 0 " & " @ 4 L B 8
35 % * ( + 9 0 4 > @ B % " @ 4 L B 8 Y$ = & & 0 " # S " " & S ; " S 0 " " % % H> 2 . & $ & " & & " & " "0 " "0 + ! "0 0 ". & " & 7 " + + 0 # 0 % % . + : 23 ! # # + ET EM " & & ET + & EF EM
36 - " ! (% * ; 4 ; F3 63 G3 % % # * I = & " " 0 & = & 1 S S : . S S S . S # : L < 4 > 4 # & " ; 0 : " : : E F = (5C^*S (5C^*S (6C^*S (5C^* (EC^* ECC^ & " & 0
" & & " & +
; 0
E F
& Q
47 /& ( 6 # ( 6 0 8 ; TC#5CC 5C 0 0 . 55#55 E F ECCC3 9 & " & # . # # "0 - = 0 ) + + " # . 9 " 0 :" " # ; 0 4 5 6 & ) + . " & " . & , 0 , . " ( 0 . . *
4 ? . " . " : + " & " # " 8 ) + @(_* " 0 : "0 % " " B (& =11QQQ " 1 1CEfCE1 V9F & *
& ' 2 * 0 + 0 ! & : & & . 0 & " & . ? . + . # " @ B " # & ( *
4 # 0 " " " & . . ' . ; ; : . > " ! . ' " . ". + . " . 0 ; . ! . ) " & : 0 . . 0 & & " D 0 : 9 " " ; 63 9 4 & & 9 & + ) : & % 4 4 516 7 " & 4 & HT 2 (TC#6M#6G * " & ; 0 # % ( 0 * " " & 0 "
4 " L . $ (" * 0 : : - ; . " & " # & # + & & " & . D 53 9
& $ $ & &
= " & 53 63 9 . : ( * : e % " 0 " # # + . " $ ( * # " & 0 " & " & ( # + " & * " < % : " ( " % 8 9 / & * . " # (C MC o c * "
4%
4) ) & ' 2 " & 0 T 6 : ) F 9 0 $ . . " " + " !" D $ " & @ 4 L B . # " ; ( : ; * 7 0 0 3 ( * & " " " & & S # ' . (O " V 9 : < " 0 * & " " # " # ; ( # " % I " * < $ @ B " " ; ) F * 9 7 $ (E 5 6 + * 7 & = " 0 " 4 : < " &
43 ) ! * ( - ' 9 7 ET= 7 " # O " V 7 " " & & 6 % " 3P 3E & 0 " S 3 EC " & 3 6 ( * $ & . 3 5 ( 4 : * " + " 63 : : 6 0 %
44
) % J 0 > - 9
7 EF= 7 #
45 " & . " # : . 1 : 7 0 ( * 0 ( " * & '
46
) ) 9
7 EP= 7 &
57 7 E2= 7 0 $ ' & 0 0 L TT#55C TC 5 7 & ( * : 0 E Y ; & & & 3 E ( & * "0 " & " ( O " V " & % # " & " " # # . ' & : 0 - $ & $
5
E ) 3 * 9
7 5C= 7 " "
5 " & " & # + $ ! 0 ; # : < 0 " ". 0 0 & % $ . " & # " , 7 E F TC 5 55#55 ( 0 5C#5C * 7 ". GC H D & .
" & " & S " & 0 " & " & " A 0 " " 0 D ". $ " & 0 ( & *
5 & 0 " & " $ 0 D " & 0 + ) " 0 # 7 " $ , (G* $ & 0 S (5* E " % : , , . 7 55= 0 E 5 = " : "
5% 7 56= 0 5 ! " ) 4 * 9 & ( * 0 # 0
5) ) 5 2 9 7 5T= 7 ( " * 0 : 0 T 6 : + ECCC3 9 (E5CC E6CC3 9* > . .
53
54 ) 6 # * 9 7 5M= 7 0 ( + )/ , GCC ECCC3 9* # ( , " , " , . , & * D ". & " . : " " " . (" * # D ( +* # 7 $ & . . & # 0 : % # ' . 0 "
55
ECCC3 9 &
7 5P= 7 0 3 5
56
67 3 & 9 7 6C= 7 ( * @? W X 0 $ . ' " . $ ' $ # -& B (< E2PT 5M* " & . " # TC : # : 0 0 " 4 : ( 8 * " ! " ! $ . 0 0 " @ 4 L BS 0 " + " 0 ; : # 0 & " 9 " 0 : . ! < " # # "
6 0 ' ". 0 ? & & # # 0 " " ( " * " 0 " . . ( * . ( # " * " & $ " & : : " &
6 = & " " 0 & = & 1 S S : . S S S . S # : L < 4 > 4 # % : & 1 " # 4 + ( * " < 7 + " : # + > 4 < + < : : . " : # + " > 4 4 + < : " : " : # + > 4 " : $ & : < L ( #: ' * O ' & + & # # + > 4 " 4 . " : & " # > 4 4 ! + < # " # " < ; : " : : E F : = (5C^*S
6 (5C^*S (6C^*S (5C^* (EC^* ECC^ % : (5C^* " " # " EG^ EF^ " EC^ ! G^ % (5C^* = " EG
EF^ + E5^ + EC^
% (6C^*
5P " 5F^
5T^ 5C^ " EP^ EF^ E5^
EC^
: + EG 5C^
EF^ E6 E5^ + " EC^
O (EC^* + " : # " G^ M " : + L : 6 : T : F & 0 " 0 $ : = + 6 T F $ " O & 0 & & " L 0 : " :
6% 3 J % 0 " T : 63 9 4 ". 0 4 516 7 " & & " " / $ " & " & , , & 81 & 0 & & T F & " # ) + $ ' " ' ) ; " 8 & 0 & 0 " " & ' L , D ". . ! # + < & 0 1 0 ; 0 ! " .
6) ) " & , , . 0 " (& # 0 * ( " & * ( " & * 0 & & " "
63 C " * 7 3 9 ; : 9 3 9 $ " # . " = . " & " & " ' 3 9 " 3 9 " & & " ' ' " . $ # + % 0 : # " ! D D ". : " # . # 9 " : ; = . & & " % # / 7 $ # 0 . 81 6 # + 9 " 7 V "
64 7 " " 7 9 8 " c > % 0 & & + J 4 E2MP " 6 1 & O $ # # 0 > 63 9 4 < : : " " + " $ : ' ) $ + " ' " " + ' " "
65
% "
0 " & & " " &
63 9 % $ 0 23 " + : 0 ; : 0 " ) < " " & G3 " 4 ) " ) % $ " $ ' " $ " $ $ . # 0 # ; # . # " " ! " : Y # < 0 # ; . 0 & : . " D " . ! % " 0 . . " & A A $ ". " # ; # ; # % . : # ; . .
66 & : A ) # . # ; 0 : . ' ) 0 & $ $ !" # ; : " 0 . " # " : . ( * 9 # " & $ " " # " . : ". . : # D . ". : ) + , " " 8 , 8 , # " ( * # , . ' A , " : & . . . ' # A V
77 ) 1 ' * 4 / (5CCT* # 6 0 , :5 , :: > % 0 V " L ) + > 4 J (5CCE* 0 # 9 > 9 / E2GM % / % 0 V " ; 9 8 (E2GE* ' + ) 9 V ) : J (E22G* ;< * / = # 6 > % 0 V " L ) + > 9 (EC1CM15CE5* * (2 Z > & / (E2GP* # 6 * 0 ) V L V ( 1 * ' # # 6 / V " > V J (E22C* . ! > ! ! > > . V 4 9 T # 6 7 < 7 < (E22P* ?@ # 6 5 < . A % & . 9 " < > > 7 7 J (E2PE* ) ; L # !+ 3 F MM$MP V " 7 9 8 " c
7 7 (5CCC* 0 @ ( 2$EC
*
L , # 6 V " A I J R (E22P* B 9 C V 4 & > ) A (E22G* . = V L ) .& .D 6P ) A ) ( * (E22G* ;< * = # 6 V " L ) + > A ) ( * (5CC6* % I # 0 (E2ME , 5CC6* V " L ) + > A ) ( * (5CCT* / # & , / = 6 E > FF / V " L ) + > A A (E2PM* I & I V J & 4 c V ) (5CCE* # 6 A G . V " ; L V (5CC6* . ! > ! 4 = 8 > & D / " J (E2GT* . V " 7 9 8 " c > J (E2G2* = % 0 V " ) " ; < > J (E22C* ; # L @ L 3 F ( M$E6* V " 8 % "7 > 8 Z 4 & > E22E ' V " > V " 9 DI ) (E22P* . @ + > 9 : ) J ( * (E2G2* % V " 8 $ 8 " L ) J (E22C* % ' . V " L % $ < ) J Z > Z J A ) (E22G* G - 6 H E I E7 J > O J (E2GP* # 6 0 = / V " ) O J (5CC5* 7 > E F # 6 / V " ) / A (5CEC* ( 81 V " = ) /b (E2GE* 0 C C R & 9 D # < 9 > (E22E* % b ) ) < ; < (E2PE* # 6 K ' 0 V " 7 9 8 " c < 9 (5CCC* L ( . & . / 9 > 7 < (E2PT* (2 1 4 > &
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
104 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 5 -F A C D G3 B BE $ 3 BE * $ 9 % % $ / $ 3 1 ' $ $ 3 HB? * $ - 0 ' - ' $ ' 3 + 5 ' ' , 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 5 -G A C D 3A BE $ 3 BE 1 ' $ $ 3 ) ? # $ ' 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 25 -) A C D G3 B BE $ 3 BE 1 ' $ $ 3 HB? & ' 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 65 -) A C D G3 B BE $ 3 BE 1 ' $ $ 3 ? + $ $; $ & 3 FB? * $ ' 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 75 -B C D 3A E $ $ $ , $ 3 ) ? # $ $ ' 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 85 -H B C D G3 B E $ $ $ , $ 3 HB? # $ $ ' 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 95 -! B C D 3A E $ $ $ , $ 3 ) ? # $ $ ' 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 :5 -A B C D G3 B E $ $ $ , $ 3 HB? & $ ' 3
105 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 15 -F B I ' 0 & ' 5 -B 5 -) B 5 -G B 65 -) B C D 3A E $ $ $ , $ 3 ) ? + $ * ' $ ' 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 75 -A F C D G3 B E $ $ $ , $ 3 HB? & ' $ ' 3 B? , * $ 9 % % $ 3 $ 3 85 -F -F C D 3A 7 4' - $ $ ; $ $; $ & 3 7 1 : $ * - ' ' , - ' ' 0 $ - ,' 0 % $ - ,' 0 5 - -- ' - - 64 $ ( 3
106 ! 7 4' $ $ ; 3 7 5 ' $ 3 "! 7 $ ' ' 3 7 $ 3 #! 7 0 ' $ ' $ % 3 $ % $ $ $ $* $ ; ' $ 3 $ *$ 3 + * $; 0 3 + * $ 3 ' 5 3 9 5 $ 3
107 ;) < = )4 ) -/ / " )= , / )0 ;) < = )4 ) - :/ + $ D $ % $ J % $ J > J > $ > J 4 $ ' 5 ' $ ' $ + * $; 0 # $ 9 0 0 $; 4'
108 < ) = < * ,) 3 + . ) ? @ )A. =) B - ) $ ) C ; ( 3 9 ; 9 $ $ ' $ $ K 3 L % 9 $ $ & 5 K )3 @ ' $ 5 - 9 ; 9 $ $ % K A3 L % ' 9 0 $ ' & : K L % $ $ K B3 # 0 $ % ' $ K F3 1 $ ( % %, %* ' $ K M $ % $ ' $ 3
109 H3 + 9 0 $ $ $ ' : $ K G3 + 9 0 $ $ ' 9 2K !3 4' 9 ' $ $ % 9 & $ 3 3 $ $ 5 $ , % ' % $ $ 3 ' K M $ % 3 3 $ < ' % % K M $ % $ ' $ 3 3 @ $ ' - ' $ $ $ $ 5 - 9 * $ $ ' : $ $ - B3 @ D @/ D I D
110
2 ;) < 4 ,) ?
Ano lectivo 2011/12
Organização do espaço bidimensional e tridimensional
E.B. 2,3 Florbela Espanca Turma: 9º
Itens a Avaliar: A B C D E Total Nível
Cotações: 20 20 30 25 5 100 nº Alunos 1 10 10 15 10 8 53 3 7 20 10 24 10 6 70 4 10 18 18 27 18 10 91 5 12 10 15 17 18 10 70 4 5 8 12 12 10 8 50 3 10 17 18 27 18 10 90 5 11 8 12 12 12 6 50 3 16 15 15 20 15 8 73 4 9 12 12 10 13 8 55 3 20 15 15 25 15 6 76 4
