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Introduction
Basis of claim
Points to note
Consideration of issues
- Credibility
- Particular social group
- Assessment of risk
- Protection
- Internal relocation
- Certification
Whether a woman is at risk of honor killing is a matter based on the specific facts of the case. It is up to the woman to show why she should not be able to get protection on her return.
Law
- Women under the constitution
- Gender-based violence
- Sexual harassment
- FGM
- Marriage: forced and underage
- Marriage: civil and religious
- Marriage: polygamous
- Cohabitation
- Divorce and child custody
- Inheritance
- Access to land, property and services
- Freedom of movement
- Employment
If the victim is a child, the recommended sentences are longer. 5 The Labor Act of 2003 also criminalizes sexual harassment in the workplace. 6. One of the spouses can file an action for divorce in case of "irretrievable breakdown of marriage" caused by different.
Status of women
Gender-based disparities
Attitudes to women: state and societal
This, according to women's associations, had resulted in an increase in violence against women, especially in public places such as buses, where during the last months there had been an increase in attacks on women, even rape.'34 4.2.4. In the report 'Freedom in the World 2017', Freedom House gave the award to Turkey. However, critics argue that the government is often more concerned about family integrity than women's rights.
Domestic abuse and rape
Introduction and statistics
68% of the women were killed by their partners (husband/boyfriends/fiancé) or ex-partners, 10% were killed by family members. Even though not all femicides are reported in the media, femicides are newsworthy especially for local newspapers, so most of the femicides are covered by the media. In 2006, the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women reported on the prevalence of the practice in Eastern and Southeastern Turkey, noting: “There are reasonable grounds to assume that some of the recorded suicide cases are indeed disguised murders.
Barriers to justice
The main problems observed by women's organizations are that there is a common belief that domestic violence should be resolved within the family, violence is normalized, women are not taken into account. It is often witnessed that women are held responsible for gender-biased violence and accused of "disobeying their husbands" or "provoking them". When law enforcement agencies refuse to take action, the crimes are not forwarded to the prosecutor, so no proceedings can be initiated. Women's statements are not taken into account, evidence is not collected properly, which all this leads to.
State action to address violence
According to information from independent women's organizations dealing with violence against women, they should remain passive and continue to wait at the scene of the crime when the perpetrator refuses to open the door or even during violent acts on the street. Despite the existence of various legal arrangements in Turkish law, the implementation can somehow be considered ineffective and selective, mainly due to the lack of resources, including insufficient human resources and resources; lack of monitoring, evaluation and monitoring of measures; inadequacy of support mechanisms such as shelters and intervention centers; and the lack of indicators and goals."63. For further information on this topic, see Attitudes towards Women: State and Society, Town and Country.
Police intervention
When reporting injuries from physical violence, this situation weakens women in their fight against violence.”69. Protection orders are available to victims of domestic violence under the Family Protection Act (1998). 9% of women were killed despite seeking (and not receiving) protection orders against their abusive husbands, or were killed immediately after the protection order expired.”75.
Action by the judiciary
Thirteen women murdered by their partners in 2013 had received court-ordered police protection.73 Bianet reported that 13.5% of the 214 victims murdered in 2013 had sought help from the authorities and/or had a protection order.74 Bianet further reported that '6% of the [261 women killed by men in 2016] were killed despite protection orders. With this mentality, sex offenders get a slap on the wrist at best.'79 5.6.4 The New York Times reported on justice for female victims of violence in. The law allows judges, when imposing sentences, to take into account the anger or passion caused by the victim's "bad behavior".
Protection for women: overview
Report submitted by Turkey pursuant to Article 68, paragraph 1 of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Baseline report),' received by GREVIO on 3 July 2017, page 32, published 4 July 2017. Report submitted by Turkey pursuant to Article 68, paragraph 1 of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Baseline Report),' page 33, received by GREVIO on 3 July 2017, published 4 July 2017. Within the framework of the cooperation protocol signed between the MoFSP [Ministry of Family and Social Policy] and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security in 2012 in the context of the counseling services for women victims of violence in women's shelters is referred to the Turkish.
Applying for shelter
36,160 people participated in the courses organized for groups seeking a special policy and about people) among the participants were women. We must discuss this without fear of the reactions that may come from civil society organizations."'90. Therefore, women refrain from applying for fear of the lack of confidentiality and the possibility that the abuser will hear about the application.'92.
The First Step Centres
First Step Center, is where women who have applied to the provincial directorates of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies or to ŞÖNİM can stay for up to two weeks. The criticisms of the interviewed women are generally related to the overall hygiene of the centers and the attitudes of the staff. Due to the short periods of stay in the First Step Centres, there is a constant circulation.'94.
Women’s shelters/guesthouses
The maximum stay in the shelters is six months from the date of admission of the women to the first step stations. Report submitted by Turkey in accordance with Article 68(1) of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (baseline report),” received by GREVIO on 3 July 2017, page 39, published 4 July 2017. Report submitted by Turkey in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 68 of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and violence in the family (baseline report),” received by GREVIO on 3 July 2017, page 38 , published on July 4, 2017.
Violence Prevention and Monitoring Centres (ŞÖNİM)
Addresses and telephone numbers of organizations are kept secret because of the risk to women's safety and the sensitivity of the issue. The names of the wives, children and employees are not mentioned in the correspondence to be conducted, the mutually agreed codes are used when necessary and the details and addresses of women, children and the third parties are kept secret in all official records when necessary. For the security of the women's shelters, photographs of the exterior facade of the shelters, employees and beneficiaries are not included in any documents, materials, written or visual press, and Internet publications.
Hotlines
ŞÖNİM, which was established to provide support services for the prevention of violence and for the implementation of protective and. 6284, psycho-social support units located in VPMCs [Violence Prevention and Monitoring Centers] provide services to both victims of violence and perpetrators and potential perpetrators. In addition, women who are victims of violence and witness violence can report to law enforcement authorities on hotlines 155 (police) and 156.
Assistance for victims of sexual violence
Within the scope of Law No. 6284, victims of sexual violence are referred by VPMCs to first-level stations or women's shelters if the need for accommodation arises. Furthermore, victims of sexual violence who turn to Family Health Centres, Community Health Centers and hospitals have access to diagnosis, medical care, risk assessment and psychological support. Furthermore, "The national action plan to combat violence against women, the third of which has been effective since 2016, contains a measure that follows "Special service models will be developed and implemented for the victims of sexual violence according to the Istanbul Convention".' 106.
Non-Governmental organisations
In this framework, victims who need urgent medical care, forensic examination and trauma support are provided with access to relevant health units. Victims are accompanied by nurses or health workers during the medical care process; and from women. Consequently, the MFSP and the Ministry of Health signed the “Cooperation Protocol for Combating Violence against Women” on March 8, 2015, and the protocol included an article stating “in accordance with the Istanbul Convention; increasing the number and capacity of Crisis Response Units, Medical Social Service Units and other related units to prevent secondary victimization and loss of evidence in court cases related to violence against women, creating special service models for victims of sexual violence, improving the information and sensitivity of the relevant units on the matter".
Womens’ counselling centres and family centres
Harassment
FGM
Marriage and divorce
- Civil and religious marriage ceremonies
- Underage and forced marriage
- Arranged marriage
- Polygamy
- Brides and blood feuds
- Reasons for divorce
- Unmarried women
Due to the lack of contraceptive knowledge in Turkey, child marriages lead to early motherhood. Child Marriage in Turkey (Overview),' June 2014 http://eeca.unfpa.org/sites /default/files/pub-pdf/unfpa%20turkey%20overview.pdf Accessed: 23 November 2017. One prominent sociologist in Turkey , who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of losing his job, told Al-Monitor: “Household figures for.
Employment
- Introduction
- Discrimination
- Assistance for women in employment
- The impact of education
- Minority groups
- Childcare
A prominent sociologist in Turkey, who asked to remain anonymous for fear of losing his job, told Al-Monitor: “The number of households for. single women are skewed because most of them are the second and third wives of polygamous, pious men. According to government statistics, women's participation in the labor force during the year was 29 percent, equivalent to more than eight million women. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's July Employment Outlook Report, the gender employment gap in the country was 43 percent.”133.
