This Chapter showed some fundamental aspects of light and its polarization states with special emphasis on the circular polarization, which will be in focus in this work. Furthermore, liquid crystals are examined, including their discovery, no-table phases, optical activity, continuum theory and textures. This was all focused around chiral nematic LCs, being the central research topic. It was also shown how calamitic LC molecules form chiral nematic phases, when the molecule itself presents chiral centres. Additionally, insight on colloidal LCs was given, where the Onsager hard rod model predicts a liquid crystalline behaviour due to en-tropic reasons. Further insight into cellulose, cellulose as a nanomaterial, its chemistry, morphology and the chiral nematic phase formation of aqueous CNC suspensions will be provided throughout the next two Chapters.
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Chapt
2
Ce l lu l o s i c Na n o m a t e r i a l s
"Look deep into nature then you will understand everything better."
Albert Einstein
The following Chapter on Cellulosic Nanomaterials will deal with some back-ground on Cellulose, its history, chemistry and morphology and the path from cellulose micro- to nanocrystals, including acid hydrolysis breakdown. It will con-clude with fundamental structural, chemical and morphological characterization of the used cellulosic materials in this work.