Os sólidos compostos de céria, tungstênio e nióbio apresentaram maior desempenho, se mostrando mais ácidos. O óxido de nióbio e tungstênio no entanto, se mostraram mais estáveis durante o processo mantendo a atividade durante o tempo reacional. A seletividade foi majoritária para a hidroxiacetona (acetona), sendo seguida pro acroleína.
As diferentes caracterizações juntamente com os ensaios catalíticos mostraram a diferença de atividade dos materiais sintetizados por rotas diferentes. Os materiais sintetizados por rota de impregnação úmida apresentaram no geral maior dispersão dos centros metálicos, que pode ser evidenciada pelas análises de MEV, assim como peloes testes catalíticos. As análises de isoterma de adsorção (utilizando o método BET) também apontaram modificações a partir do método de síntese. Houve não só modificação na área mas também modificações com relação ao porosidade do material. O método de impregnação tente a gerar materiais mesoporosos.
As análises de TPR mostraram que as fases pretendidas foram formadas. Essa técnica também evidenciou o quanto o óxido de cobre ficou comprometido com a estrutura dos materiais. Além disse, os testes catalíticos mostraram que a inserção dos óxidos modificou a acidez dos materiais.
Com relação às metodologias utilizadas (Pechini e impregnação), os resultados mostraram que os materiais sintetizados via impregnação apresentaram desempenho superior. Este fato está associado à maior exposição dos sítios promovida pelo método. A mudança de atmosfera modificou sensivelmente a conversão e a seletividade.
Dentre os materiais sintetizados, as series de nióbio, tungstênio e cério se mostraram mais ácidas como apontado pelas isotermas de piridina e confirmado pelos ensaios catalíticos. A serie contendo Nb se destacou pela estabilidade na atividade.
A serie de tungstênio mostrou mudança de seletividade provocada pelo método síntese. Isso deve ter sido ocasionado pelo favorecimento da diminuição de sítios ácidos de Lewis quando se passou de da rota Pechini para impregnação úmida, ou seja, a seletividade mudou de acetol para acroleína.
A série de materiais contendo cério apesar de apresentar propriedades oxirredutoras, não mostrou destaque no desempenho por conta destas propriedades. No entanto, o material se mostrou poroso, ácido e bastante ativo. Foi observado diminuição de atividade no decorrer do teste catalítico.
Os materiais contendo antimônio se apresentaram pouco ativos, e portanto, pouco ácido. Isso pode ser evidenciado tanto pelas isotermas de piridina, quanto pela reação modelo de desidratação do etanol.
As isotermas de nitrogênio apontaram que os materiais contendo Sb apresentaram características microporosas, além disso, a temperatura de fusão do óxido (600°C) é próxima da temperatura de calcinação dos catalisadores (500°C) o que pode ter favorecido o recobrimento do catalisador pelo óxido de antimônio. A baixa acidez, a microporosidade e o recobrimento resultaram na baixa atividade do material na reação de desidratação do glicerol.,
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