• Nenhum resultado encontrado

 A hidrólise química da quitosana proporcionou uma melhora considerável da solubilidade em soluções aquosas dos oligômeros em pH básico;

 Os oligômeros de quitosana apresentaram eficiência de inibição de incrustação por carbonato de cálcio, a partir de uma concentração mínima efetiva de 400 ppm.

 Com a análise do MEV, pôde-se comprovar a deformação dos cristais de carbonato de cálcio na presença dos oligômeros, em comparação com as imagens obtidas do branco.

31

REFERÊNCIAS

 AL-ROOMI, Y. M.; HUSSAIN, K. F. Potential kinetic model for scaling and scale inhibition mechanism. Desalination, v. 393, p. 186-195, 9/1/ 2016. ISSN 0011-

9164. Disponível em: <

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916415300333 >.

 Andrade, C. T., Coutinho, F. M. B., Dias, M. L., Lucas, E. F., Oliveira, C. M. F., Tabak, D. –Dicionário de polímeros. Editora Interciência, 2001.

 BADER, M.S.H. Sulfate Scale problems in oil fields water injection operations. Desalination, v. 201, p. 100 – 105, 2006.

 BATISTA, I; ANDRADE, I.; SILVA, H. A., 2015. Oligómeros de quitosana, preparação e propriedades biológicas: uma revisão bibliográfica. Relat. Cient. Téc. do IPMA (http://ipma.pt) nº 9, 68p.

 BECK, R.; ANDREASSEN, J.-P. The onset of spherulitic growth in crystallization of calcium carbonate. Journal of Crystal Growth, 312, p. 2226-2238, 2010.

 BELARBI, Z. et al. Inhibition of calcium carbonate precipitation by aqueous extract of Paronychia argentea. Journal of Crystal Growth, v. 386, p. 208-214, 1/15/

2014. ISSN 0022-0248. Disponível em: <

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024813006490 >.

 BELARBI, Z. et al. Nucleation-growth process of calcium carbonate on rotating disk electrode in mineral potable water. Electrochimica Acta, v. 109, p. 623- 629, 10/30/ 2013. ISSN 0013-4686. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468613014175 >.

 BOSQUEZ-MOLINA, E.; ZAVALETA-AVEJAR, L. Chapter 2 - New Bioactive Biomaterials Based on Chitosan A2 - Bautista-Baños, Silvia. In: ROMANAZZI, G. e JIMÉNEZ-APARICIO, A. (Ed.). Chitosan in the Preservation of Agricultural Commodities. San Diego: Academic Press, 2016. p.33-64. ISBN 978-0-12-802735- 6.

 BRAGG, W. L. The structure of some crystals as indicated by their diffraction of x-rays. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 89, No. 610, p. 248-277, 1913.

32  BRANKLING, D.; BAYMAN, M.; JENVEY, N. Formation and control of the vaterite scale polymorph of calcium carbonate in the galley field development. Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 68304, SPE 3rd International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 30–31 January, 2001.

 CAMARGO, J. A.; ALONSO, Á. Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment. Environment International, v. 32, n. 6, p. 831-849, 8// 2006. ISSN 0160-4120.

Disponível em: <

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412006000602 >.

 CHAUSSEMIER, M. et al. State of art of natural inhibitors of calcium carbonate scaling. A review article. Desalination, v. 356, p. 47-55, 1/15/ 2015. ISSN

0011-9164. Disponível em: <

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916414005372 >.

 COLLINS, A. G. Geochemistry of oilfield waters. Developments in Petroleum Science (1). Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company: Amsterdam, 1975.

 COSMO, Rafael de Paula. Modelagem e simulação termodinâmica da precipitação de calcita em condições de poço. 2013. 217 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Energia) – Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Espirito Santo.

 DYER, S. J.; GRAHAM, G. M. Thermal stability of generic barium sulphate scale inhibitor species under static and dynamic conditions. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 37, n. 3–4, p. 171-181, 3// 2003. ISSN 0920-4105.

Disponível em: <

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410502003510 >.

 FRANCISCO, A. C. A.; TEIXEIRA, A. M. R. F. Os limites pedagógicos do paradigma da qualidade total na educação. In: REUNIÃO ANUAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE QUÍMICA, 31., 2009, Fortaleza. Anais eletrônicos... Fortaleza: UFF, 2009. Disponível em:< http://sec.sbq.org.br/cdrom/32ra/resumos/T1050-2.pdf>. Acesso em: 20 Out. 2016.

 FRENIER, W. W.; ZIADDIN, M. Formation, removal, and inhibition of inorganic scale in the oilfield environment. Richardson, Tx.: Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. ISBN 9781555631406 (pbk.)

33  GRAHAM, G. M.; STALKER, R.; MCINTOSH, R. The impact of dissolved iron on the performance of scale inhibitors under carbonate scaling conditions. Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 80254, SPE, International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, Houston, USA, 5–7 February, 2003.

 GUO, X. et al. Preparation, characterization and scale performance of scale inhibitor copolymer modification with chitosan. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, v. 18, n. 6, p. 2177-2183, 11/25/ 2012. ISSN 1226-086X. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226086X1200216X >.

 JENSEN, M. K.; KELLAND, M. A. A new class of hyperbranched polymeric scale inhibitors. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 94–95, p. 66-72,

9// 2012. ISSN 0920-4105. Disponível em: <

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410512001672 >.

 KELLAND, M. A. Effect of Various Cations on the Formation of Calcium Carbonateand Barium Sulfate Scale with and without Scale Inhibitors. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011.

 KOUTSOUKOS, P. G.; CHEN, T. Calcium carbonate: Polymorph stabilization in the presence of inhibitors. The Science and Technology of Industrial Water (Zahid Amjad), C. 4, p. 61-79. CRC Press, 2010.

 LI, X. et al. Effect of six kinds of scale inhibitors on calcium carbonate precipitation in high salinity wastewater at high temperatures. Journal of Environmental Sciences, v. 29, p. 124-130, 3/1/ 2015. ISSN 1001-0742. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074214002836 >.

 LIN, H. et al. Preparation of chitosan oligomers by immobilized papain. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, v. 31, n. 5, p. 588-592, 10/3/ 2002. ISSN 0141-

0229. Disponível em: <

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141022902001382 >.

 M. GORDON, G.M. GRAHAM, E.J. ERIC JAMES MACKAY, S.J. DYER. The Challenges for Scale Control in Deepwater Production Systems: Chemical Inhibition and Placement. NACE International, Corrosion Conference, Paper No. 02316, April 7–12, Denver, CO, USA (2002).

 MACEDO, R. G. M. A.; SANTIAGO, F. H. B.; CUNHA, J. V. M.; DA SILVA, L.C.; BALABAN, R.C. Síntese e Caracterização da Carboximetilquitosana e sua

34 Aplicação como Inibidor de Incrustação de CaCO3. In: XIV Latin American Symposium on Polymers. Porto de Galinhas, Abpol, 2014.

 MACKAY, E. J.; JORDAN, M. M.; TORABI, F. Predicting brine mixing deep within the reservoir, and the impact on scale control in marginal and deepwater developments. Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 73779, SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, Lafayette, USA, 20– 21 February, 2002.

 MAI, A. KANTZAS. Heavy Oil Waterflooding: Effects of Flow Rate and Oil Viscosity. J. Can. Petrol. Technol., 48 (3) (2009), pp. 42–51.

 MATTY, J. M.; TOMSON, M. B. Effect of multiple precipitation inhibitors on calcium carbonate nucleation. Applied Geochemistry, v. 3, n. 5, p. 549-556, 1988/09/01 1988. ISSN 0883-2927. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0883292788900261 >.

 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS. NACE 31105: Dynamic Scale Inhibitor Evaluation Apparatus and Procedures in Oil and Gas Production. Tomball: Nace International, 2005.

 NASR-EL-DIN, H. A.; AL-SAIARI, H. A.; ALHAJJI, H. H.; SAMY, M.; GARCIA, M.; FRENIER, W.; SAMUEL, M. A single-stage acid treatment to remove and mitigate calcium carbonate scale in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 87454, 6th International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 26–27 May, 2004.

 ROOMI, Y. A.; HUSSEIN, K. F.; RIAZI, M. R. Inhibition efficiencies of synthesized anhydride based polymers as scale control additives in petroleum production. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 81, p. 151-160, 1//

2012. ISSN 0920-4105. Disponível em: <

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410512000022 >.

 SMITH, B. R. Scale prevention by addition of polyelectrolytes. Desalination, v. 3, n. 3, p. 263-268, 1967/01/01 1967. ISSN 0011-9164. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916400801551 >.

 WEI, H. SHEN, Q.; ZHAO, Y.; WANG, D.; XU, D. Influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone on the precipitation of calcium carbonate and on the transformation of vaterite to calcite. Journal of Crystal Growth, v. 250, n. 3–4, p. 516- 524, 2003.

35  ZHANG, Y. et al. Synthesis and characterization of novel polyaspartic acid/urea graft copolymer with acylamino group and its scale inhibition performance. Desalination, v. 395, p. 92-98, 10/3/ 2016. ISSN 0011-9164. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916416304210 >.

Documentos relacionados