HealtH InterVentIons In tHe communIty
CRITICAL PERIOD IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OVERwEIGHT
Cátia Braga-PontesI,a, Maria P. GuarinoI,b, Sara
Simões-DiasI,II,c
IUnidade de Investigação em Saúde. Escola Superior de
Saúde. Instituto Politécnico de Leiria. Leiria, Portugal
IIFaculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Nova
de Lisboa. Lisboa, Portugal
Introduction: Obesity in children can cause premature and long-term chronic health problems. Critical periods in childhood are already well defined, namely the preschool age, being of great importance to act preventively during this period. However, the critical period may vary among different populations, depending on geographical location and also on socioeconomical factors.
Objetive: To determine the critical period for the onset
of excess weight among children aged 2 to 10 years of a private educational institution in the region of Leiria.
Methods: This study was performed in a sample of 294
children attending a private educational institution in Leiria, between 2009 and 2013 based on anthropomet- ric measurements routinely performed in the institution. Measurement of weight and height was performed at two different times in each school year to all children aged between 2 and 10 years old.
Results: This study demonstrated that from 2 to 10 years the
prevalence of overweight varies between 3.6% and 25.4% in males and 4.2% to 43.3% in females. In preschool chil- dren a prevalence of overweight of 9.3% was identified. The age of five years was determined as the most criti- cal period for the development of overweight. It was also observed that there is a higher prevalence of overweight in females than in males, except at 5 and 6 years old.
Conclusions: Children aged 5 years should be targeted
for preventive measures against overweight. In our study, the prevalence of overweight among preschool children is lower than the values obtained in similar Portuguese studies.
Descriptors: Child. Preschool. Overweight. Prevalence.
Prevention.
a catia.pontes@ipleiria.pt b maria.guarino@ipleiria.pt c sara.dias@ipleiria.pt
BODy PRACTICES AND THE Amplified CliniC: LEARNING ABOUT HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE BRAzILIAN HEALTH SySTEM (SUS)
Valéria Monteiro Mendes, Yara Maria de Carvalho
Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, Brasil
Introduction: Lately the Brazilian Ministries of Health
and Education implemented policies aimed at qualifying students and professionals to work in the SUS. However, the gap between training and intervention in the sub-areas of health persists. The urgency to improve professional education, seeking to transform health care, demands the incorporation of references such as the Amplified Clinic, a technology of health care focused on producing meth- odological arrangements aimed at meeting the necessities of health care, recognizing the singularities of individuals and institutions.
Objective: To problematize the fragmented and disci-
plinary based logic of the sub-areas of health, guided by the Amplified Clinic and the Method of the Wheels, theo- ries about the recomposition of work in health.
Methods: Qualitative study, research-intervention type,
developed from a experience with body practices in a CSE/Sao Paulo/Brazil. 51 subjects took part in the study. Observation, narratives, diverse body practices and con- versation circles were the care techniques used.
Results: The process composition between the notions of
interprofessionality, bonding, autonomy, shared manage- ment and body practices, the knowledge of workers and users led to a differentiated training process, considering the resistances, limitations and disputes in the work pro- cess, the construction of networks for dialogue and care in the CSE.
Conclusions: The theory qualified the body practices in
primary health care, thereby making evident the central role of conceptual and methodological reorientation of professional education in the constitution of innovative and dialogical health care models, privileging the role of workers and users, aiming at an effectively universal and humanized SUS.
Descriptors: health education; body practices; Amplified
Clinic; SUS; health intervention.
a vm_mendes@yahoo.com.br b yaramc@usp.br
EDUCATION OF NURSING STUDENTS IN wORK wITH VULNERABLE GROUPS: FEMALE PRISONER
Marlene TeixeiraI,a, João SilvaII,III,b, Mª Cristina BorgesI,c,
Elizangela BentoI,d, Mª Rosa SchetingerI,e, Ana Mª BorgesIII,f
IUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto
Alegre, Brasil
IIUniversidade de Roma “La Sapienza”. Roma, Itália IIIFaculdade Leão Sampaio. Juazeiro, Ceará, Brasil
Introduction: Female Prisoner: A proposal for interven-
tion and health defines a project that aimed attend a health education for female prisoner, with prison visit in order to furthering the adherence to prevention and health promo- tion as a mean of developing quality of life.
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop assess-
ment strategies, identification and intervention in health education for nursing students by using female prisoner.
Methods: It is a qualitative descriptive study that used a
semi-structured interviews in a female prison in Cariri, state of Ceará in Brazil during the year of 2013. Data were analyzed using thematic categorization and discussed by content analysis. The selected speeches were according to the categorized themes so that debate happen. The dealt themes were the knowledge of the females inmates about cervical and breast cancer, the preventive exams frequency and learning for sex life.
Results: The female prisoners has shown vulnerability
to sexually transmitted infections considering that they exhibit a risk behavior. The study observed that there is an inefficiency and/or a lack of these services in the regional penitentiary system and the women do not participate in the production of care of themselves.
Conclusions: The conclusion is that it is extremely import- ant that there is screening for cervical and breast cancer combined with health education as well as the commitment of the professionals with the care activities.
Descriptors: Female prisoner. Health intervention. Health
education. Vulnerable groups. Quality of life.
a marlamteixeira@yahoo.com.br b jp-master17@hotmail.com c crys_inna@yahoo.com.br d elizangelaeliz@yahoo.com.br e mariachitolina@gmail.com f anaborges@leaosampaio.edu.br
IMPACT OF A FAMILy-BASED PULMONARy REHABILITATION PROGRAM: AN ExPLORATORy STUDy
Alda MarquesI,II,a, Cristina JácomeI,b, Joana CruzI,III,c,
Raquel GabrielI,II,d, Daniela FigueiredoI,II,e
IEscola Superior de Saúde. Universidade de Aveiro.
Aveiro, Portugal
IIUnidade de Investigação e Formação sobre Adultos
e Idosos. Porto, Portugal
IIISecção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade
de Aveiro. Aveiro, Portugal
Introduction: The World Health Organization has recom-
mended family integration in rehabilitation interventions. Nevertheless, Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) programs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain focus on patients’ needs, neglecting the role of the family.
Objective: This exploratory study assessed the impact of
a family-based PR program in patients with COPD and respective family members.
Methods: Nine dyads of patients with COPD (70±8yrs;
forced expiratory volume in one second 69±25% pre- dicted) and family members (64±11yrs) enrolled in a 12-week family-based PR program with exercise training for patients and psychoeducation for patients and family members. Patients’ quadriceps muscle strength was mea- sured with the 10 repetition maximum and exercise toler- ance with the 6-minute walking test. Patients and family members had their family coping assessed with the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Scales (higher scores indicate more positive coping) and adjustment to illness with the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (higher scores indicate poorer adjustment).
Results: Significant improvements were observed in
patients’ quadriceps muscle strength (3.4±1.9 vs. 6.5±2.4Kg, p=0.002) and 6-minute walking distance (393.7±46.3 vs. 420.5±42.9m, p=0.023). Both patients and family members used more positive coping behaviors after the interven- tion (patients 91.3±15.1 vs. 105.4±14.2, p=0.026; family members 96.4±15.1 vs. 106.7±12.1, p=0.011). However, psychosocial adjustment did not change significantly (patients 31.9±19.5 vs. 27±12.4, p=0.178; family mem- bers 29.9±13.9 vs. 25.8±12.1, p=0.242).
Conclusions: PR programs inclusive of family members
enhance the skills of the whole family to manage COPD, without interfering with the widely recognized patients’ benefits in conventional programs. Further research with more robust designs is needed.
Descriptors: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease;
family; pulmonary rehabilitation; community interven- tions; family coping.
a amarques@ua.pt b cristinajacome@ua.pt c joana.cruz@ua.pt d raquelgabriel@ua.pt e daniela.figueiredo@ua.pt
EFFECTS OF A RESPIRATORy PHySIOTHERAPy SESSION IN PATIENTS wITH LOwER
RESPIRATORy TRACT INFECTIONS
Alda MarquesI,II,a, Ana OliveiraI,b, Cátia PinhoI,c
IEscola Superior de Saúde. Universidade de Aveiro.
Aveiro, Portugal
IIUnidade de Investigação e Formação sobre Adultos
e Idosos. Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Patients with lower respiratory tract infec-
tions (LRTI – acute exacerbations of obstructive/restric- tive diseases) experience severe dyspnea and increased sputum production (Woodhead, 2011). Respiratory phys- iotherapy (RP) has shown to improve these symptoms in chronic respiratory conditions (Garrod, 2007). However, studies exploring its effectiveness in patients with LRTI are lacking.
Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of one
session of RP in acute obstructive (AO) and acute restric- tive (AR) respiratory patients.
Methods: RP included breathing retraining and airway
clearance techniques. Data were collected pre/post ses- sion and included: peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), patients’ perceived dyspnea (modified Borg scale – MBS) and sputum (Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale- BCSS). Paired sample t-tests/Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare pre/post data. Results are presented as: mean±SD or median(interquartile-range).
Results: Thirty outpatients (14 male, 55.2±17.8yrs) diag-
nosed with AO (exacerbation of COPD, acute bronchitis and asthma; n=18) and AR (pneumonia; n=12) diseases were recruited. After the RP session, patients with AO dis- eases reported significantly more dyspnea (pre 0(2) vs. post 1.5(2.3); p=0.046) and less sputum (pre 3(1) vs. post 2(2); p=0.019). These parameters did not varied in AR (MBS: pre 1(2) vs. 1(2); p=0.684; BCSS: pre 2.5(1) vs. 2(1); p=0.317) patients. No significant changes were found for SpO2 in both groups (AO: pre 96.1±2.1 vs. post 96.4±1.9; p=0.318; AR: pre 96.67±2.3 vs. post 96±3.8; p=0.382).
Conclusions: Patients with AO and AR diseases respond
differently to RP. This may suggest the need to develop specific RP interventions for each group. Further research involving larger samples and robust measures are needed to confirm these findings.
Descriptors: respiratory physiotherapy; lower respiratory
tract infections; monitoring; airway management.
a amarques@ua.pt b alao@ua.pt c catiap@ua.pt
A CLINICAL EDUCATION PROJECT FOR PEOPLE