Para avaliar a obliteração dos túbulos foram feitas imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de baixo vácuo. Esse equipamento, sendo não destrutivo, permite a análise de uma mesma amostra, antes e depois de determinado tratamento. Nesse trabalho, foram utilizados dentes bovinos, pois estudos mostraram que a partir de preparações padrão, a dentina coronária de incisivos bovinos se assemelha em relação ao número e diâmetro dos túbulos dentinários da dentina humana. O teste foi realizado utilizando o creme dental Sensodyne Original® como controle positivo, o creme dental em estudo sem a presença do BGCarb, denominado creme dental base, para controle negativo e o creme dental contendo o BGCarb a 3%.
A Figura 14, mostrada abaixo, avalia a abertura dos túbulos dentinários antes de iniciar o tratamento:
Fonte: Centro de microscopia da UFMG.
Nessa etapa inicial, não há diferenças entre as amostras, uma vez que ainda não havia sido iniciado tratamento. Para verificação da abertura dos túbulos dentinários, a Figura 15 exibe as fotomicrografias com aumento de 2500x e 5000x:
Figura 16. Fotomicrografia da abertura dos túbulos dentinários após primeira aplicação do produto. (a) creme dental Sensodyne Original®; (b) creme dental base; (c) creme dental com BGCarb
Figura 18. Fotomicrografia da abertura dos túbulos dentinários após terceira aplicação do produto. (a) creme dental Sensodyne Original®; (b) creme dental base; (c) creme dental com BGCarb
Figura 17. Fotomicrografia da abertura dos túbulos dentinários após segunda aplicação do produto. (a) creme dental Sensodyne Original®; (b) creme dental base; (c) creme dental com BGCarb
Fonte: Centro de microscopia da UFMG.
As figuras 16, 17,18 e 19, exibem os resultados obtidos na análise dos cremes dentais após sucessivas aplicações:
Fonte: Centro de microscopia da UFMG.
Fonte: Centro de microscopia da UFMG.
Fonte: Centro de microscopia da UFMG.
Figura 19. Fotomicrografia da abertura dos túbulos dentinários após quarta aplicação do produto. (a) creme dental Sensodyne Original®; (b) creme dental base; (c) creme dental com BGCarb
Figura 20. Fotomicrografia do fechamento dos túbulos dentinários após quarta aplicação do produto aumentada em 2500x (a) creme dental Sensodyne Original®; (b) creme dental com BGCarb. As setas em azul indicam túbulos dentinários totalmente fechados
Fonte: Centro de microscopia da UFMG.
É possível perceber que após a quarta aplicação, houve a deposição de material em grande número de túbulos dentinários tanto na análise com a aplicação do creme dental controle quanto do creme dental contendo o BGCarb. Em contrapartida, não foi evidenciado fechamento dos túbulos com o creme dental base até a quarta aplicação. É possível analisar de forma mais clara e evidente o fechamento dos túbulos dentinários na micrografia representada na figura 20, cuja resolução foi aumentada em 2500x:
Fonte: Centro de microscopia da UFMG.
Indicando então, a eficácia do creme dental contendo o BGCarb na oclusão dos túbulos dentinários abertos que provocam a hipersensibilidade dentinária.
7. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
Nesse trabalho foi proposto a preparação de um creme dental sem flúor, contendo extratos vegetais de erva doce e de ginseng brasileiro para controle antibacteriano e o compósito obtido das cinzas de Equisetum hyemalle como agente ativo para tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária (HD). Neste estudo preliminar, foi verificado que o vidro bioativo utilizado pare ser eficiente para obliterar os túbulos dentinários abertos. A abertura dos túbulos dentinários permite a movimentação dos fluidos dentinários, gerando a sensação de desconforto e dor. Esse estudo também indicou que os extratos vegetais presentes na formulação possuem potencial antimicrobiano para a S. mutans. Estudos referentes a outras cepas de bactérias ainda serão realizados.
8. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
[1] ADDY, M.; URQUHART, E. Dentine hypersensitivity: its prevalence, aetiology and clinical management. Dental update, v. 19, n. 10, p. 407-8, 410, 1992.
[2] SOARES, P. V. et al. Restauração de lesões cervicais não cariosas e controle da hipersensibilidade dentinária: protocolos e perspectivas. In: Reabilitação estética anterior: o passo a passo da rotina clínica. Nova Odessa, SP. Napoleão. v.8, p. 206-221, 2018.
[3] BEKES, K. et al. Oral health‐related quality of life in patients seeking care for dentin hypersensitivity. Journal of oral rehabilitation, v. 36, n. 1, p. 45-51, 2009.
[4] WOLFF, M. S. Dentin hypersensitivity, the biofilm and remineralization: what is the connection? Advances in dental research, v. 21, n. 1, p. 21-24, 2009.
[5] ADDY, M. Dentine hypersensitivity: New perspectives on an old problem. International Dental Journal, v. 52, n. 5, p. 367-375, 2002.
[6] FARIA, G. J. M.; VILLELA, L. C. Etiologia e tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária em dentes com lesões cervicais não cariosas. Revista Biociências, v. 6, n. 1, p. 21-27, 2000.
[7] TRUSHKOWSKY, R. D.; OQUENDO, A. Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Dental Clinics, v. 55, n. 3, p. 599-608, 2011.
[8] SHIAU, H. J. Dentin hypersensitivity. Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice, v. 12, n. 3, p. 220-228, 2012.
[9] TONETTO, M.R.; DANTAS, A.A.R.; BORTOLINI, GF.; Dentin hypersensitivity: in search of an effective treatment. Rev. Odontol. v.24, n.3, p.190-199, 2012.
[10] ROSING, C. K.; GAIO, E. J. Tópicos especiais em periodontia: diagnóstico e tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária. In: Periodontia Laboratorial e Clínica. SP. Artes Médicas.
v.10, p.117-127, 2013.
[11] LINS, CAROLINA EMMANUELLE. “Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de vidro bioativo contendo flúor e avaliação in vitro do potencial para aplicação no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária”. Tese de Doutorado. Escola de Engenharia da UFMG. Belo Horizonte. p 13-24. 2015.
[12] CAVALCANTE, S. P. VALTEIR G.S.J, DIAS, P. C. Efetividade de diferentes tipos de tratamento no controle da hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical. Uningá Journal. Maringá, v.
56, n. 7, p. 68-79. 2019.
[13] REES, J. S.; ADDY, M. A cross‐sectional study of dentine hypersensitivity. Journal of clinical periodontology, v. 29, n. 11, p. 997-1003, 2002.
[14] BAHSI E, et al. An analysis of the aetiology, prevalence and clinical features of dentine hypersensitivity in a general dental population. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, v. 16, n. 8, p. 1107-1116, 2012.
[15] BRAENNSTROEM, M. A hydrodynamic mechanism in the transmission of pain producing stimuli through the dentine. In: Sensory Mechanisms in Dentine. p. 73–80, 1962.
[16] BLAIZOT, A. et.al. Prevalence of sensitive teeth and associated factors: a multicentre, crosssectional questionnaire survey in France. BMC oral health, v. 20, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2020.
[17] PEREZ, C.R.; SERGIO PP, SILVA FF. Avaliação clínica de um novo dessensibilizante dentinário. Rev. Bras. Odontol, v.60, n.2, p.91-94, 2003.
[18] LIANG X, WEI Z, HU D, RUAN J. Prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity among the residents of Xi'an city, China. Acta Odontolica Scandinavca, v.75, n.6, p.387–393, 2017.
[19] PORTO I.C, ANDRADE A.K, MONTES M.A. Diagnosis and treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Journal of oral science, v. 51, n. 3, p. 323-332, 2009.
[20] GILLAM, D. G. et al. Dentists' perceptions of dentine hypersensitivity and knowledge of its treatment. Journal of oral rehabilitation, v. 29, n. 3, p. 219-225, 2002.
[21] MIGLANI, S; AGGARWAL, V; AHUJA, B. Dentin hypersensitivity: Recent trends in management. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, v. 13, n. 4, p. 218, 2010.
[22] DOUGLAS-DE-OLIVEIRA, D.W; DE PAIVA, S. M; COTA, L.O.M. Etiologia, epidemiologia e tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária: uma revisão de literatura. Brazilian Journal Periodontology, v. 27, n. 04, p.75-76, 2017.
[23] ORSINI G, et al. A double-blind randomized-controlled trial comparing the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice containing carbonate/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, v. 37, n. 6, p. 510-517, 2010.
[24] SOWINSKI, J. et al. Comparative investigations of the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, v. 28, n. 11, p. 1032-1036, 2001.
[25] SWIFT, E. J. Jr. Causes, prevention, and treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry, v. 25, n. 2, p. 95-106, 2004.
[26] ARRAIS, C. A; MICHELONI C.D, GIANNINI M, CHAN D.C. Occluding effect of dentifrices on dentinal tubules. Journal of Dentistry. v.31, n.8, p. 577-84, 2003.
[27] SIQUEIRA R.L, ZANOTTO E.D. Biosilicato: histórico de uma vitrocerâmica brasileira de elevada bioatividade. Quimica Nova, v. 34, n. 7, p. 1231-1241, 2011.
[28] HUMPHREY, S. P.; WILLIAMSON, R. T. A review of saliva: normal composition, flow, and function. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, v. 85, n. 2, p. 162-169, 2001.
[29] BOACKLE, R. J.; SUDDICK, R. P. Proteínas salivares e saúde bucal. In: Cáries dentárias:
bases biológicas. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, p. 118-131, 1984.
[30] EDGAR, W. M. Saliva: its secretion, composition and functions. British Dental Journal, v. 172, n. 8, p. 305-312, 1992.
[31] TENOVUO, J.; LAGERLÖ, F.; Saliva. In: Cariologia clínica. 2. ed. São Paulo: Santos, p. 17-43,1995.
[32] SIMMER, J. P.; FINCHAM, A. G. Molecular mechanisms of dental enamel formation. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, v. 6, n. 2, p. 84-108, 1995.
[33] T. KANAZAWA, et al. Effects of Additives on Sintering and Some Properties of Calcium Phosphates with Various Ca/P Ratios, Journal of materials science, v. 26, n. 2, p. 417-422, 1991.
[34] HENCH, L. L. Bioceramics: from concept to clinic. Journal of the american ceramic society, v. 74, n. 7, p. 1487-1510, 1991.
[35] HICKS, J., GARCIA-GODOY, F.; FLAITZ, C. Biological factors in dental caries enamel structure and the caries process in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 2). Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, v.28, n.2, p.119-124. 2005.
[36] SKOOG, WEST, HOLLER, CROUCH, Fundamentos de Química Analítica, Tradução da 8ª Edição norte-americana, Editora Thomson, São Paulo-SP, 2006.
[37] RODRIGUEZ-LORENZO, L.M; HART, J.N.; GROSS, K.A. Influence of fluorine in the synthesis of apatites. Synthesis of solid solutions of hydroxy-fluorapatite. Biomaterials. v.24, n.21, p.3777–3785,2003.
[38] TEN CATE, J. M.; FEATHERSTONE, J. D. B. Mechanistic aspects of the interactions between fluoride and dental enamel. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, v. 2, n. 3, p. 283-296, 1991.
[39] BROWN, W.E.; GREGORY, T.M.; CHOW, L.C. Effects of Fluoride on Enamel Solubility and Cariostasis. Caries Research, v.11, n. 1, p.118-141, 1977.
[40] DE ALMEIDA, P. et al. Saliva composition and functions: a comprehensive review. Journal Contemporary Dental Practice, v. 9, n. 3, p. 72-80, 2008.
[42] HEAD, J. A study of saliva and its action on tooth enamel in reference to its hardening and softening. Journal of the American Medical Association, v. 59, n. 24, p. 2118-2122, 1912.
[43] GROSSMAN, L. I. A systematic method for the treatment of hypersensitive dentin. The Journal of the American Dental Association. v. 22, n. 4, p. 592-602, 1935.
[44] CHU C.H, LAM, A.; LO, E.C.M. Dentin hypersensitivity and its management. General Dentistry. v.59, n.2, p.115–122, 2011.
[45] QUEIROZ, A. S. de; et al. A influência do dentifrício na abrasividade da estrutura dentinária: uma revisão narrativa. Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 14, 2021.
[46] PASHLEY D.H. Dentine permeability and its role in the pathobiology of dentine sensitivity. Archives of oral biology, v. 39, p. 73-80, 1994.
[47] THANATVARAKORN O, et al. In vitro evaluation of dentinal hydraulic conductance and tubule sealing by a novel calciumphosphate desensitizer. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, v.101, n.2, p.303–309,2013.
[48] BAE, J.H, KIM, Y.K., MYUNG, S.K. Desensitizing toothpaste versus placebo for dentin hypersensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal Clinical Periodontology.
v.42, n.2, p.131-141, 2015.
[49] MANTZOURANI M, S. D. Dentine sensitivity: past, present and future. Journal of Dentistry. v.4, p.3-17, 2013.
[50] OSMARI, D., et al. In-office Treatments for Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Split-mouth Clinical Trial. Oral Health Preventive Dentistry. v.16, n.2, p.125-130, 2018.
[51] CUNHA-CRUZ, J., et al. Dentin hypersensitivity and oxalates: a systematic review.
Journal of Dental Research. v.90, n.3, p.304–310, 2011.
[52] MUZZIN KB, J. R. Effects of potassium oxalate on dentin hypersensitivity in vivo.
Journal Periodontology. v.60, p.151–158, 1989.
[53] PASHLEY, D.H. et al. Dentin permeability. Effects of desensitizing dentifrices in vitro.
Journal Periodontology. v.55, p.522–525, 1984.
[54] GREENHILL, J.D; PASHLEY, D.H. The effects of desensitizing agents on the hydraulic conductance of human dentin in vitro. Journal of Dental Research, v.60, n.3, p.686–698, 1981.
[55] PEREIRA, J.C.; SEGALA, A.D.; GILLAM, D.G. Effect of desensitizing agents on the hydraulic conductance of human dentin subjected to different surface pre-treatments–an in vitro study. Dental Materials. v.21, n.2, p.129–138, 2005.
[56] ZHAO YANTAO, YAN. et.al. Doping of Strontium into Natural Bone Powder and Further Cell Experiment. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering. v. 43, n. 12, 2014.
[57] LOVEREN, C. V.; et al. Dentin hypersensitivity management. Clinical Dentistry Reviewed. v. 2, n.1, p 1-10. 2018.
[58] GEDALIA, I.; BRAYER, L.; KALTER, N. The effect of fluoride and strontium application on dentine: in vivo and in vitro studies. Journal Periodontology. v. 49, p. 269–272, 1978.
[59] CHANG, V.S.; BURR, B.; HOLTZAPPLE, M.T. Lime pretreatment of switchgrass. Biotechnology for fuels and chemicals. Humana Press. p. 3-19. 1997.
[60] SPÅNGBERG, L. S.W; HAAPASALO, M. Rationale and efficacy of root canal medicaments and root filling materials with emphasis on treatment outcome. Endodontic Topics, v. 2, n. 1, p. 35-58, 2002.
[61] ESTRELA, C.; SYDNEY, G.B.; BAMMANN, L.L.; FELIPPE, O. JR. Mechanism of action of calcium and hydroxyl ions of calcium hydroxide on tissue and bacteria. Brazilian Dental Journal, v. 6, p. 85–90, 1995.
[62] KIM, D.; KIM, E. Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review-Part I. In vitro studies. Restorative Dentistry &
Endodontics, v. 39, n. 4, p. 241-252, 2014.
[63] MOAZAMI, F. et al. The long-term effect of calcium hydroxide, calcium-enriched mixture cement and mineral trioxide aggregate on dentin strength. Iranian Endodontic Journal, v.9, n.3, p.185-189, 2014.
[64] ZAHID, S. et al. The influence of moisture on the setting time of the latest commercially available calcium hydroxide cements; a clear guideline for the dentist. Pakistan Oral & Dent Journal. v:36: p. 691-696, 2016.
[65] KOMABAYASHI, T., et al. Particle size and shape of calcium hydroxide. Journal of endodontics, v. 35, n. 2, p. 284-287, 2009.
[66] ZADO, L. N.; PILATTI, G. L. Hipersensibilidade dentinária: recentes avanços e tratamentos-revisão de literatura. Brazilian Journal Periodontology, v. 26, n. 2, p. 28-33, 2016.
[67] SCHERMAN, A.; JACOBSEN, P. L. Managing dentin hypersensitivity: what treatment to recommend to patients. The Journal of the American Dental Association, v. 123, n. 4, p.
57-61, 1992.
[68] WEST, N.X. Dentine Hypersensitivity. Dental Erosion. v. 20, p. 173–189, 2006.
[69] MARKOWITZ, K. A new treatment alternative for sensitive teeth: a desensitizing oral rinse. Journal of dentistry, v. 41, p. 1-11, 2013.
[70] KLEINBERG, I. SensiStat. A new saliva-based composition for simple and effective treatment of dentinal sensitivity pain. Dentistry today, v. 21, n. 12, p. 42-47, 2002.
[71] POGGIO, C., et. al. Atomic force microscopy study of enamel remineralization. Annali di Stomatologia. v.5, n. 3, p. 98-1020, 2014.
[72] TANIZAWA, Y.; TSUCHIKANE, H.; SAWAMURA, K.; SUZUKI, T. Reaction characteristics of hyroxyapatite with F- and PO3F2- ions. Chemical states of fluorine in hydroxyapatite, Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions v. 87, n. 14, p. 2235-2240, 1991.
[73] LEGEROS, R. Z. Calcium Phosphates in Enamel, Dentin and Bone. In: Calcium phosphates in oral biology and medicine. Karger Publishers, v.15, p. 108-129. 1991
[74] LUCAS, J. Fluorine in the natural environment. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, v.41., n.1, p.1-8, 1988.
[75] WHITE, D. J.; NANCOLLAS, G. H. Physical and Chemical Considerations Of The Role Of Firmly And Loosely Bound Fluoride In: Caries Prevention. Journal of dental research, v.
69, n. 2, p. 587-594, 1990.
[76] AMJAD, Z.; KOUTSOUKOS, P. G.; NANCOLLAS, G. H. The crystallization of fluoroapatite. A constant composition study. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 82, n. 2, p. 394-400, 1981.
[77] FIORILLO, L. et. al. Stannous Fluoride Effects on Enamel: A Systematic Review.
Biomimetics, v.5, n.3, p.41, 2020.
[78] MILLER, S. et al. Recent advances in stannous fluoride technology: antibacterial efficacy and mechanism of action towards hypersensitivity. International dental journal, v. 44, n. 1, p. 83-98, 1994.
[79] COLLINS, R.; NEBERGALL, W.; LANGER, H. A study of the reactions of various tin (II) compounds with calcium hydroxylapatite. Journal of the American Chemical Society, v.
83, n. 17, p. 3724-3725, 1961.
[80] HINES, D. et. al. Effect of a stannous fluoride toothpaste on dentinal hypersensitivity.
Journal of the American Dental Association, v.150, n.4, p. 47-59. 2019.
[81] DOROZHKIN, S. V.; EPPLE, M. Biological and medical significance of calcium phosphates. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, v. 41, n. 17, p. 3130-3146, 2002.
[82] NARASARAJU, T. S. B.; PHEBE, D. E. Some physico-chemical aspects of hydroxylapatite. Journal of Materials Science, v. 31, n. 1, p. 1-21, 1996.
[83] SANDERS, D. M.; HENCH, L. L. Mechanisms of glass corrosion. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, v. 56, n. 7, p. 373-377, 1973.
[84] DE LEEUW, N. H. Resisting the onset of hydroxyapatite dissolution through the incorporation of fluoride. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, v. 108, n. 6, p. 1809-1811, 2004.
[85] OGISO, M.; TABATA, T.; ICHIJO, T.; BORGESE, D. Bone calcification on the hydroxyapatite dental implant. bone-hydroxyapatite interface. Journal Long-Term Effect Medical Implants, v. 2, p. 137-148, 1992.
[86] SUCHANEK, W.; YOSHIMURA, K. Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants. Journal of materials research, v. 13, n. 1, p. 94-117, 1998.
[87] WHITTERS, C. J., et. al. Dental materials: 1997 literature review. Journal of dentistry, v. 27, n. 6, p. 401-435, 1999.
[88] CHEN, F.; BRIAN, H.; CLARKSONSUN, K.; MANSFIELD, J.F. Self-assembly of synthetic hydroxyapatite nanorods into an enamel prism-like structure. Journal of colloid and interface science, v. 288, n. 1, p. 97-103, 2005.
[89] ROBINSON, C. et.al. Dental enamel a biological ceramic: regular substructures in enamel hydroxyapatite crystals revealed by atomic force microscopy. Journal of Materials Chemistry, v. 14, n. 14, p. 2242-2248, 2004.
[90] TANG, R. et. al. Dissolution at the nanoscale: self‐preservation of biominerals. Angewandte Chemie, v. 116, n. 20, p. 2751-2755, 2004.
[91] AHN, E. S. et. al. Nanostructure processing of hydroxyapatite-based bioceramics. Nano Letters, v. 1, n. 3, p. 149-153, 2001.
[92] CAI, Y. et. al. Role of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle size in bone cell proliferation. Journal of Materials Chemistry, v. 17, n. 36, p. 3780-3787, 2007.
[93] HANNIG, M.; HANNIG, C. Nanotechnology and its role in caries therapy. Advances in Dental Research; v.24, n.2, p. 53-57. 2012.
[94] HENCH, L.L.; SPLINTER, R.J. ALLEN, W.C.; GREENLEE, T.K. Bonding mechanisms at the interface of ceramic prosthetic materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research.
v.5, p. 117–141, 1971.
[95] HENCH, L.L.; WILSON, J. Surface-active biomaterials. Science; v.226, p.630-636,1984.
[96] HENCH, L.L.; PASCHALL, H.A. Histo-chemical responses at a biomaterials interface.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research; v.5, p. 49–64, 1974.
[97] MERROLLLI, A.; TRANQUILLI, L.P.; GUIDI, P.L. Preparation of porous apatite granules from calcium phosphate cement. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. v.11, p.219–222, 2000.
[98] OHTSUKI, C.; KOKUBO, T. Compositional dependence of bioactivity of glasses in the system CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 – It’s in vitro evaluation. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine; v.3, p.119–125, 1992.
[99] ANDERSSON, O.H.; KANGASNIEM, I. Calcium phosphate formation at the surface of bioactive glass in vitro. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research; v.25, p.1019-1030, 1991.
[100] CERRUTI, M.G.; GREENSPAN, D.; POWERS, K. An analytical model for the dissolution of different particle size samples of Bioglass in Trisbuffered solution. Biomaterials;
v.26, p.4903-4911, 2005.
[101] XIAOKE, L.; JINFANG, W.; ANDREW, J.; JIANG, C. The remineralization of enamel:
a review of the literature. Journal of dentistry. v.42, n.1, p.12–20, 2014.
[102] MITCHELL, J.C.; MUSANJE, L.; FERRACANE, J.L. Biomimetic dentin desensitizer based on nano-structured bioactive glass. Dental Materials; v.27, p.386-393, 2011.
[103] CURTIS, A.R.; WEST, N.X.; SU, B. Synthesis of nanobioglass and formation of apatite rods to occlude exposed dentine tubules and eliminate hypersensitivity. Acta Biomaterialia.
v.6, p.3740-3746, 2010.
[104] EARL, J.S. et al. Physical and chemical characterization of dentin surface, following treatment with NovaMin technology. The Journal of Clinical Dentistry. v.22, p.2–67, 2011.
[105] GILLAM, D.G.; TANG, J.Y.; MORDAN, N.J.; NEWMAN, H.N. The effects of a novel Bioglass dentifrice on dentine sensitivity: a scanning electron microscopy investigation.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. v.29, p.305–313, 2002.
[106] PRADEEP, A.R.; SHARMA, A. Comparison of clinical efficacy of a dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate to a dentifrice containing potassium nitrate and to
a placebo on dentinal hypersensitivity: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Periodontology.
v.81, p.1167–1173, 2010.
[107] BURWELL, A.K.; LITKOWSKI, L.J.; GREENSPAN, D.C. Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate (NovaMin®): Remineralization Potential. Advances in Dental Research.
v.21, p.35-39, 2009.
[108] WANG, X. et al. Preventing erosion with novel agents. Journal of Dentistry. v.39, p.163-170, 2011.
[109] ZHONG, J.P.; FENG, J.W.; GREENSPAN, D.C. A microstructural examination of apatite induced by Bioglass in-vitro. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine.
v.13, p.321-326, 2002.
[110] GJORGIEVSKA, E. S.; NICHOLSON, J. W. A preliminary study of enamel remineralization by dentifrices based on RECALDENTTM (CPP-ACP) and Novamin®
(calcium-sodium-phosphosilicate). Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana, v. 23, n. 3, p. 234-239, 2010.
[111] LORENZI, H. Plantas medicinais no Brasil: nativas e exóticas cultivadas. Nova Odessa:
Instituto Plantarum, 2002.
[112] SCHULZ, V.; HANSEL, R.; TYLER, V.E. Fitoterapia Racional: Um guia de fitoterapia para as ciências da saúde. 4. Ed. Tamboré: Manole, 2002.
[113] KARINZADEH, F. et al. Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012.
[114] AL-BAYATI, F. A. Synergistic antibacterial activity between Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinella anisum essential oils and methanol extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.
116, n. 3, p. 403-406, 2008.
[115] JANAHMADI, M.; et. al. The fruit essential oil of Pimpinella anisum L. (Umblliferae) induces neuronal hyperexcitability in snail partly through attenuation of after-hyperpolarization. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 120, n. 3, p. 360-365, 2008.
[116] SINGH, G. et al. Studies of essential oils: Part 10. Antibacterial activity of volatile oils of some spices. Phytotherapy Research, v. 16, n. 7, p. 680–682, 2002.
[117] SOLIMAN, K. M.; BADEAA, R. I. Effect of oil extracted from some medicinal plants on different mycotoxigenic fungi. Food and Chemical Toxicology, v. 40, n. 11, p.1669-1675, 2002.
[118] BARNES, J.; ANDERSON, L.A.; PHILLIPSON, J.D. Fitoterápicos. 3.ed. Porto Alegre:
Artmed, 2012.
[119] PEREIRA, C. A.; VILELA, P. DAS G. F.; OLIVEIRA, L. D. DE; JORGE, A. O. C. Ação antimicrobiana in vitro de extratos glicólicos de Psidium guajava L., Syzygium cumini L. e Pimpinella anisum L. Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, v. 68, n. 1, p. 102-108, 2009.
[120] KOSALEC, I.; PEPELINJAK, S.; KUSTRAK, D. Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essencial oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). Acta Pharm. v.55, p.377-385, 2005.
[121] SOUZA, V. C.; LORENZI, H. Botânica sistemática: guia ilustrado para identificação das famílias de fanerógamas nativas e exóticas no Brasil, baseado em APG III. 3 ed. Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum, 2012.
[122] MARTINS, M.N. Pfaffia glomerata (spreng.) Pedersen: síntese verde de nanopartículas metálicas, teste de atividade biológica e estudo de interação com o dna.
Dissertação de mestrado. Mestrado Acadêmico associado entre Instituto Federal do Paraná e Universidade Estadual do Maringá, Campus Umuarama. p.17-23, 2020.
[123] VIGO, C. L.; NARITA, E.; MARQUES, L. C. Validação da metodologia de quantificação espectrofotométrica das saponinas de Pfaffia Glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen – Amaranthaceae. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 13, 2, 2003.
[124] FIGUEIREDO, L. S. et al. Comportamento de 23 acessos de Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen AMARANTHACEAE), nas condições de Campo dos Goytacazes- RJ. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, Botucatu, v.7, n.1, p.67-72, 2004.
[125] ZIMMER, A.R.; BRUXEL, F.; BASSANI, V. L.; GOSMANN, G. HPLC method for the determination of ecdysterone in extractive solution from Pfaffia glomerata. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. v.40, p.2, 2006.
[126] SMITH, L. B; DOWNS R. J. Amaranthaceae. In: Reitz PR, Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Itajaí: Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, v.110, 1998.
[127] MARTINS, C. F, NICOLOSO, F.T. Micropropagação de Pfaffia tuberosa (Spreng) Hicken. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v.6, n.3, p.53-61, 2004.
[128] TEIXEIRA, K. Plantas medicinais que podem causar alteração na pressão arterial e interação com anti-hipertensivos. Monografia apresentada para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Farmácia. Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 28p, 2011.
[129] NAKAI, S. et al; Pfaffosides, nortriterpenoid saponins, from Pfaffia paniculata.
Phytochemistry. v.23, 1984.
[130] NISHIMOTO, N.; et al. Pfaffosies and nortriterpenoid saponins from Pfaffia paniculata.
Phytochemistry, v.23, n. 1, p. 139-142, 1984.
[131] NISHIMOTO, N. et. al. Ecdisterone from Pfaffia tuberosa (Spreng) Hicken. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, v.1, n.2, p.188-191, 1986.
[132] NISHIMOTO, N. et. al. Ecdysteroids from Pfaffia iresinoides and reassignment of some
13CNMR chemicals shifts. Phytochemistry, v.26, n.9, p.2505-2507, 1987.
[133] NISHIMOTO, N. et. al. Three Ecdysteroid Glicosides from Pfaffia. Phytochemistry, v.27, n.6, p.1665-1668, 1988.
[134] NISHIMOTO, N.; et al. Ecdisteroides de Pfaffia glomerata. In: simpósio de plantas medicinais do brasil. Anais do XI Simpósio de Plantas Medicinais do Brasil, João Pessoa:
Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 1990.
[135] SHIOBARA, Y.; et al. A nortriterpenoid, triterpenoids and ecdysteroids from Pfaffia glomerata. Phytochemistry, v.32, n.6, 1993.
[136] CORRÊA-JÚNIOR, C.; CORTEZ, D. A. G.; MING, L. C.; SOARES, W. Fáfia: o Ginseng brasileiro (Pfaffia glomerata (Sprengel) Pederson): aspectos agronômicos e fitoquímicos. Curitiba: Clichetec, 2006.
[137] DINAN, L. Phytoecdysteroids: biological aspects. Phytochemistry. v.57, n.3, 2001.
[138] GUERREIRO, C. P. V. Análise de crescimento, curva de absorção de macronutrientes (N, P e K) e teor de beta ecdisona em fáfia (Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen) em função de adubação orgânica. Dissertação de Mestrado: Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, 2006.
[139] ALCÂNTARA, M. F. A.; LIMA, V.; ANDRADE, L. H. C.; NASCIMENTO, M.
Atividade antimicrobiana de Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen. In: 13º Simpósio de Plantas Medicinais do Brasil, Resumos. Fortaleza, UFC, 1994.
[140] MOURA, C. L. Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos brutos das espécies vegetais Miconia rubiginosa e Pfaffia glomerata em microrganismos da cavidade bucal. Dissertação de Mestrado: Universidade de Franca SP, 2006.
[141] FARIAS, N. C.; COSTA, M. C. C. D. C. Avaliação de atividades antimicrobiana e citotóxica de Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen. 3ª Semana de Integração Universidade Sociedade e 7ª Jornada de Iniciação Científica, Recife: UNICAP, 2005.
[142] ABOUTABL, E., et. al. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Sideritir Taurica.
Stephan ex wild, Journal Ethnopharmacology. v.82, 2002.
[143] VILLASENÕR, L. M.; ANGELADA, J.; CANLAS, A. P.; ECHEGOYEN, D.
Bioactivity studies on -sitosterol and its glucoside. Phytoterapy Research, v.16, 2002.
[144] DOS SANTOS ALVES, C. F. et al. Antimicrobial, antitrypanosomal and antibiofilm activity of Equisetum hyemale. Microbial Pathogenesis, v. 101, p. 119-125, 2016.
[145] MELLO, M.; BUDEL, J. M. Equisetum L. (Equisetaceae): Ama revisão. Cadernos da Escola de Saúde, v. 1, n. 9, 2013.
[146] DA COSTA E SILVA, R.M.F., et al. Equisetum hyemale-derived unprecedented bioactive composite for hard and soft tissues engineering. Sci Rep 12, 13425,2022.
[147] DE QUEIROZ, G.M. et al. Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant potential of Equisetum hyemale L. (Equisetaceae) extracts, Journal of Medicine Food. v.18, p. 830–834, 2015.
[148] DE QUEIROZ, G.M. et al. Atividade antimicrobiana e toxicidade in vitro e in vivo de extratos de Equisetum hyemale, Revista de Ciencias Farmacêuticas Básica E Aplicada. v.35, p.559–563, 2014.
[149] SILVA, F. C. D. S. Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes;
Embrapa Informação Tecnológica; Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa Solos Brasília, 2009.
[150] GUIA DE ESTABILIDADE DE PRODUTOS COSMÉTICOS / Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. -- 1. ed. -- Brasília: ANVISA, p.52, 2004.
[151] ZEMNUKHOVA, L. A. et al. Silicon-containing compounds in horsetail (Equisetum Equisetaceae) composition. Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология, v. 9, n. 2, p. 159-169, 2019.
[152] KIM, H.‐M. et al. Composition and structure of the apatite formed on PET substrates in SBF modified with various ionic activity products. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials, v. 46, n. 2, p. 228-235, 1999.
[153] KARAKUZU-IKIZLER, B.; TERZIOĞLU, P.; BASARAN-ELALMIS, Y.;TEKEREK, B. S.; YÜCEL, S. Role of magnesium and aluminum substitution on the structural properties and bioactivity of bioglasses synthesized from biogenic silica. Bioactive materials. v.5, p.66-73, 2020.
[154] KARGOZAR, S. et al. Bioactive glasses entering the mainstream. Drug discovery today, v.23, p.1700-1704, 2018.
[155] MATTER, M. et. al. Developing a tissue glue by engineering the adhesive and hemostatic properties of metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale, v.9, p.8418-8426, 2017.
[156] NEŠČÁKOVÁ, Z. et.al. Multifunctional zinc ion doped sol–gel derived mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Bioactive materials, v.4, p.312-321, 2019.
[157] REID, A. et al. A review on diatom biosilicification and their adaptive ability to uptake other metals into their frustules for potential application in bone repair. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, v. 9, n. 34, p. 6728-6737, 2021.
[158] WU, C.; et. al. Copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds with multifunctional properties of angiogenesis capacity, osteostimulation and antibacterial activity.
Biomaterials, v.34, p.422-433, 2013.
[159] LYSENKO, O.; DUBOK, O.; BORYSENKO, A.; SHINKARUK, O. The biological properties of the silver- and copper-doped ceramic biomaterial. Journal of Nanoparticle Research., v.17, p.178, 2015.
[160] ALLWAR, A. Characteristics of pore structures and surface chemistry of activated carbons by physisorption, Ftir And Boehm methods. IOSR Journal Applied Chemistry. v.2, p.09-15, 2012.
[161] SHIN, S.; JANG, J.; YOON, S.H.; MOCHIDA, I. A study on the effect of heat treatment on functional groups of pitch based activated carbon fiber using FTIR. Carbon, v.35, p.1739-1743, 1997.
[162] VIRAVAIDYA, C.; LI, M.; MANN, S. Microemulsion-based synthesis of stacked calcium carbonate (calcite) superstructures. Chemical communications, p.2182-2183, 2004.
[163] HOSSEINI, M. N.; GHOLIZADEH, M. Nano silica extracted from horsetail plant as a natural silica support for the synthesis of H3PW12O40 immobilized on aminated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ SiO2-EP-NH-HPA): a novel and efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the green one-pot synthesis of pyrano [2, 3-c] pyrazole derivatives. Research on Chemical Intermediates, v. 46, n. 6, p. 3037-3066, 2020.
[164] JONES, J. R.; EHRENFRIED, L. M.; HENCH, L. L. Optimising bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials, v. 27, n. 7, p. 964-973, 2006.
[165] ONNA, D; MINABERRY, Y; JOBBÁGY, M. Hierarchical bioglass scaffolds:
Introducing the “milky way” for templated bioceramics. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, v. 3, n. 15, p. 2971-2977, 2015.
[166] SAURO, S.; et. al. Remineralisation properties of innovative light-curable resin-based dental materials containing bioactive micro-fillers. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, v.1, p.2624-2638, 2013.
[167] BISWAS, R. K. et al. Study of short range structure of amorphous Silica from PDF using Ag radiation in laboratory XRD system, RAMAN and NEXAFS. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, v. 488, p. 1-9, 2018.