Fontes, Hélder F. V., Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Fernandes, Raquel A., Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Lima, Maria J., Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Sampaio, Maria J., Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Silva, Cláudia G., Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Faria, Joaquim L., Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
In this work, several graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) based photocatalysts were synthetized and tested in the photocatalytic reforming of benzyl alcohol (BA) into hydrogen and benzaldehyde (BAL), a base compound in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry. The objective of this work was to understand the influence of different metals loaded on bulk (gCN) and thermally exfoliated (gCN-T) carbon nitride, in the photoactivity of the resulting materials. Combining the production of a given chemical with the generation of a potential fuel can bring the synthetic industry to a totally different level of sophistication. Hydrogen production by environmental friendly technologies is nowadays becoming more accessible [1].
The photocatalytic experiments were conducted in a borosilicate glass reactor, using a four LED system as a radiation source. The production of hydrogen was evaluated by gas chromatography and the formation of BAL by high-performance liquid chromatography. The photocatalyst characterization was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance UV- Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
The results showed that the deposition of noble metals over both gCN and gCN-T enhanced the efficiency of the materials. The most efficient photocatalysts were the materials loaded with Pt and Au particles.
The higher performance of the gCN-T materials may be rationalized in terms of a more pronounced separation of the carbon nitride layers, which resulted in a higher surface area. The performance of the metal-loaded materials appeared to be related to the size of the metal nanoparticles and to their dispersion over the support.
Acknowledgements:
Financed by project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984 funded by ERDF through COMPETE2020 - POCI and national funds through FCT.
15283 | Multiferroic SrMnGe2O6 and CaMnGe2O6 - A Local Probe Study
Moreira, Ricardo, IFIMUP and IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Leal, Tiago, IFIMUP and IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Rocha-Rodrigues, Pedro, IFIMUP and IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal N. P. Oliveira, Gonçalo, IFIMUP and IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Ding, Lei, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, United Kingdom
Colin, Claire V., Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, France Darie, Céline, CNRS, Inst NEEL, France
Legendre, Murielle, CNRS, Inst NEEL, France Goujon, Celine, CNRS, Inst NEEL, France
Correia, J. G., C2TN, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Araújo, João P., IFIMUP and IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Lopes, Armandina M. L., IFIMUP and IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Multiferroic materials have been under the spotlight due to their scientific and potential application interest. Among these interesting materials are the group of compounds belonging to the Pyroxene family with general chemical formula AM(Si, Ge)2O6. More specifically, SrMnGe2O6 and CaMnGe2O6 are isostructural, crystallizing with monoclinic C2/c symmetry and are characterized by zigzag chains of MnO6 octahedra linked by edge-sharing, separated by GeO4 tetrahedra chains along the same axis, linked by corner-sharing. Due to this arrangement these systems present a rich diversity of low-dimensional magnetic properties. The existence and possible interplay of low dimensionality and magnetic frustration results in multiferroic and/or magnetoelectric properties.
Since these properties might arise from local structural features that are not well described by methods based on long-range average structural models, the use of local probe studies is essential. In this context, hyperfine methods, such as perturbed angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy where the study of the electric field gradient (EFG) in the vicinity of a probe atom, allows reconstructing of the local environment of the probe in the material, helps to clarify the origin of the properties exhibited in these systems. In this work a temperature dependent EFG study will be presented and discussed, guided by EFG simulation results, attempting to clarify the experimental observation of two different local environment for the 111mCd probes in SrMnGe2O6, as opposed to only one in CaMnGe2O6, even though these materials are isostructural. Initial results from simulations of the electric field gradient main component and asymmetry parameter (eta) will be correlated with experimental data. While the results from eta are suggestive of the probes occupying both Sr and Ge lattice sites in SrMnGe2O6, some discrepancy still exists. Thus, the use of more complex models to improve the results will be
15284 | Glowing in the dark: a phosphorescent oil with long lasting phosphors
Tomaz, Kevin, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Crista, Diana, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Montenegro, Ara, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Esteves da Silva, Joaquim, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Photoluminescent inorganic materials have been widely studied because of their promising industrial applications, being the strontium aluminates (SrAlxOy) host doped with europium (Eu+2,+3) and dysprosium (Dy+3) one of the better examples since their stability and long-lasting luminescent [1]. However, to obtain optimal final properties and make a synthetic method easily scalable, some research is still needed.
We are focused in the preparation of coatings that provide emission of light without any electric source. Our team developed a wood oil with phosphorescent pigments very successfully before [2]. Herein, we present our latest advances in the preparation of phosphors and a comparison with the commercial reference powder. These products will provide phosphorescent properties with an improvement of the emission intensity in time and efficiency.
Acknowledgements:
This work was co-funded by European Structural and Investment Funds in the FEDER component, through the Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (COMPETE 2020) Project No. 23910 "Night Vision".
[1] Y. Li, M. Geceviciusa, j. Qiu, Long persistent phosphors-from fundamentals to applications, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45, 2090.
[2] J. Silva, C. Mendonça, D. Crista, Composition and method for wood or derivates of wood, PCT/IB2014/067142.
15285 | Enantiomeric profiling of chiral psychoactive drugs and β-blockers in
wastewater
Gonçalves, Ricardo, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Ribeiro, Cláudia, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Portugal
Cravo, Sara, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Cunha, Sara C., Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Fernandes, José O., Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Afonso, Carlos, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Tiritan, Maria Elizabeth, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
The use of illicit drugs and the abusive use of pharmaceuticals have increased worldwide. After consumption, parent compounds and metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine, reaching the sewage system [1]. As the many of these substances are chiral, quantification of the enantiomers is essential for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), since it can provide: information regarding the existence of chiral pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in the environment; estimation of their consumption in a specific area/community; distinction of different traffic routes and synthesis processes; monitorization patterns of drug consumption; distinction between licit and illicit use of drugs; differentiation between consumption and disposal of unused drugs [1]. The aims of this work were the development and validation of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for enantiomeric quantification of 11 chiral substances (psychoactive drugs and β-blockers), using (R)-(−)-α-Methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride ((R)-MTPA-Cl) as chiral derivatization reagent. The method was applied to a WWTP untreated water during a seven-day period. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) allowed the evaluation trends in illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals use in the context of their consumption vs direct disposal as well as their synthetic production routes.
Partially supported by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2013 through national funds of FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (PT2020) and BIOENVIROM-CESPU-2018. Sara C. Cunha acknowledges FCT for the IF/01616/2015 contract. Sara C. Cunha and J. Fernandes thanks to FEDER funds (POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC (Ministério da Educação e Ciência) under the Partnership Agreement PT2020 UID/QUI/50006/2013.
15289 | Market Allocation of Autonomous Vehicles
Vila-Chã-Ferreira, Joana, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Ferreira-da-Silva, Carlos, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Marafona, Carolina, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Cunha-Gonçalves, Ana R., Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal Vieira, Pedro C., Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Throughout history, transportation of goods and people has been critical to the sustained economic growth. Improvements in transports enable agglomeration and the use of economies of scale and scope, decrease costs to obtain input materials, expand potential markets and regions can specialize in the activities where they possess a comparative advantage (Ricardo, 1817). These improvements also decrease the unitary cost of R&D by facilitating the diffusion of innovations (e.g., IMF, 2018).
In the near future, the introduction of autonomous vehicles, AV, (e.g., the Waymo), although, in qualitative terms, comparable to a normal taxi service, on economic terms it will be an important innovation due to the substantial cost reduction of the vehicle when circulating "empty" and while in waiting mode (e.g., a 5km taxi ride price is 15EUR in NY, 21,5EUR in London, 11,5EUR in Paris and 5,60EUR in Lisbon that compares with 1EUR cost for a car without driver).
Assuming a city with tens of thousands of AVs and hundreds of thousands of passengers, the allocation process, similar to the travelling salesman problem, is impossible to do because it is a NP-hard problem and consumers have private information (the reservation price and the cost of waiting). Then, we explore the use of a real time asking auction similar to Lam (2015) where, first, the consumer communicates to all AVs a ride request, then, each AV calculates the proposal that replies to the consumer and, finally, the consumer chooses the AV with the lowest price corrected by the waiting time.
Implementing an agent base market we observe that prices decrease with competition approaching the marginal cost of production which indicates that a real time asking auction is able to allocate the cars to the passengers efficiently.
As final note, no one knows the future and it can also happen that the future of transportation will be e-scooters and e-bicycles.
15290 | Fake news and fact-checking: an analysis in the light of journalistic sources
theories
Luísa Torre, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Fake news has become a huge problem for democracies and for the journalism across the world. This expression, contested by many investigators, became popular in 2016 when rumors and fake information reached an enormous number of people by the moment USA held their presidential election, from which Donald Trump came out victorious. In the same year, 2016, Brexit was another event in which fake news were an important part of the process. Once again, in 2018, Brazil's presidential election was flooded with false content, mostly spread by social media such as Whatsapp and Facebook. Brazilian journalists and national media began, then, to work against misinformation and fact-check this fake news. The search for building the truth in news leads to a pursuit for a diversity of sources of information - that can be an official source, a spokesperson for non-governmental organizations, a journalist, a confidential source. Without sources, there are no news, says Manuel Carlos Chaparro (1996). So which information sources are used to build a false story and which ones are used to debunk a fake news? To search for this answer, we're analyzing the debunking news published in "Fato ou Fake", the Globo Group fact-checking service, an section that took place in all news websites from the organization, for the 35 days period of brazilian electoral campaign, from August to October of 2018. The research includes a quantitative approach and a qualitative study, through content analysis, of the sources used in the fake news and in the debunkings produced by the fact-checkers. In this article, we also investigate the literature available on the source theories in the Communication Studies field.
15293 | Understanding the Role Video Games may play in the Future of Journalism
Sampaio, Caio F., Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Brazil
This research argues that video games can contribute to the future of journalism. We live in the age of distractions, as the number of information at our disposal has never been higher, and people have come to expect constant stimulation. This creates a problem for journalists, especially for those who need to tell long stories, such as documentaries, as they must hold people's attention for long periods. Under this context, we highlight one platform that excels at retaining the attention of its users, whilst telling stories: video games. To understand how they do this, and if they can contribute to journalism, we examined the literature on game design and narrative and we found that games keep people´s focus using, mainly, three principles. 1- games use techniques derived from behaviorism to give rewards to players when they reach certain milestones; 2- games hit the three pillars of the Self-Determination Theory, which argues that, for an activity to be as engaging as possible, it must offer three things: purpose, mastery, and relatedness; 3- games excel at putting players in a state of "flow," the maximum level of engagement an activity can offer, by providing clear goals and immediate feedback. In addition, games also have unique narrative techniques, such as procedural rhetoric, dialogue trees, and environmental storytelling. With these elements, games tell stories while retaining the attention of players. Therefore, our argument is that it might be useful for journalists to take into consideration some of the video games techniques to share journalistic stories, as this platform can help to build the future of journalism, by sharing narratives in an engaging way, which is crucial in the age of distractions. The work presented in this proposal became a chapter of the book "Enfim, Jornalista" and was published by the University of Waterloo, Canada, through its project "First Person Scholar."