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Roberts (1969) coloca a presença de um anel orbital completo, que inclue o supra-orbital, como uma condição primitiva em Characiformes; Zanata

& Vari (2005), também colocam que supra-orbital localizado dorsalmente na

margem da órbita, está presente em grupos basais de Characiformes.

Weitzman & Malabarba (1998) e Malabarba & Weitzmann (2003) usam a

ausência de supra-orbitail para delimitar um agrupamento monofilético formado

por Aphyocharacinae, Characinae, Cheirodontinae, Glandulocaudinae,

Paragoniatinae, Rhoadsiinae, Stethaprioninae e Tetragonopterinae (sensu

Géry, 1977). Malabarba & Weitzman (2003) colocam ainda que a ausência de

supra-orbital em Erythrinidae e Lebiasinidae é homoplástica com a condição

encontrada em Characidae. Supra-orbital está ausente na maioria das espécies

examinadas na presente análise, sendo sua ausência uma condição

sinapomórfica para as espécies que compõe o clado 184, dentre elas,

representantes de Aphyocharacinae, Characinae, Cheirodontinae,

Stethaprioninae e Tetragonopterinae (sensu Géry, 1977) (com reversão para

supra-orbital presente em S. maculatus).

67- Infra-orbital 1 (ic – 0,100)

0- com comprimento menor que o do infra-orbital 2 (Figuras 17 – 18)

Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Deuterodon iguape, Grundulus cochae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania melanura, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus sp n., Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Pristella maxillaris, Roeboides bonariensis, Salminus hilarii, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops, Tetragonopterus argenteus

1- com comprimento igual ao do infra-orbital 2 (Figura 16)

Brycinus longipinnis, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconella pallidifrons, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus yinyang, Jupiaba polylepis, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Poptella paraguayensis, Rhinopetitia myersi, Thayeria obliqua

2- com comprimento maior que o do infra-orbital 2

Bryconexodon juruenae, Cheirodon interruptus, Hemigrammus silimoni, Triportheus nematurus

68- Margem posterior do infra-orbital 1 (ic – 0,095)

(Ferreira, 2007: 9; Moreira, 2007: 139; Marinho, 2009: 22).

0- aproximadamente do mesmo tamanho que a margem anterior do

infra-orbital 2

Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Cheirodon interruptus, Deuterodon iguape, Grundulus cochae, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus sp n., Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae,

Oligosarcus pintoi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Pristella maxillaris, Rhinopetitia myersi, Roeboides bonariensis, Salminus hilarii, Serrapinnus notomelas, Stethaprion erythrops, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus

1- menor que a margem anterior do infra-orbital 2

Brycinus longipinnis, Bryconella pallidifrons, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Iguanodectes spilurus, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Serrasalmus maculatus, Tetragonopterus argenteus

2- maior que a margem anterior do infra-orbital 2

Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconexodon juruenae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus taphorni, Poptella paraguayensis, Serrapinnus heterodon

69- Canal sensorial do infra-orbital 1 (ic – 0,182)

(Serra, 2003: 23; Moreira, 2007: 138)

0- presente ao longo de todo o osso ou em mais de 50% de sua

extensão (Figuras 16 e 18)

Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycinus longipinnis, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconexodon juruenae, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Deuterodon iguape Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania melanura, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus,

Hemigrammus sp n., Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon bentosi,

Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Rhinopetitia myersi, Roeboides bonariensis, Salminus hilarii, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus

1- ausente (Figura 17)

Bryconella pallidifrons, Cheirodon interruptus, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Grundulus cochae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Microschemobrycon sp, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Pristella maxillaris, Hemigrammus yinyang

2- presente e curto, atingindo no máximo 50% da extensão do osso

Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hyphessobrycon

coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Serrapinnus notomelas

70- Infra-orbitais 1 e 2 (ic – 0,40)

(Moreira, 2007: 142)

0- sem contato ou sobreposição

Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Bryconella pallidifrons, Grundulus cochae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus sp n., Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Parapristella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Poptella paraguayensis, Pristella maxillaris, Roeboides bonariensis, Salminus hilarii

1- em contato ou com sobreposição

Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycinus longipinnis, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconexodon juruenae, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Cheirodon interruptus, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Deuterodon iguape, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania melanura, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Iguanodectes spilurus, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Petitella georgiae, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Rhinopetitia myersi, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus

0, 1- Polimórfico

Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Moenkhausia bonita

71- Forma do Infra-orbital 2 (ic – 0,083)

(Ferreira, 2007: 10; Marinho, 2009: 26)

0- triangular (margem posterior mais alta que a anterior) (Figuras 16 e

18)

Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconella pallidifrons, Bryconexodon juruenae, Cheirodon interruptus, Deuterodon iguape, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania melanura, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana,

Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Jupiaba polylepis, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Parapristella georgiae, Piabina argentea, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Rhinopetitia myersi, Salminus hilarii, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Stethaprion erythrops, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus

1- retangular, quadrado ou mais arredondado (margens anterior e

posterior aproximadamente da mesma altura) (Figura 17)

Brycinus longipinnis, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Grundulus cochae, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus sp n., Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Iguanodectes spilurus, Lignobrycon myersi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Pristella maxillaris, Roeboides bonariensis

9- Indeterminado

Hemigrammus newboldi, Serrasalmus maculatus

72- Infra-orbital 2 (ic – 0,059)

0- sem projeção antero-dorsal

Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycinus longipinnis, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconella pallidifrons, Bryconexodon juruenae, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Cheirodon interruptus, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Grundulus cochae, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hemigrammus sp n., Hollandichthys multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Jupiaba polylepis, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Pristella maxillaris, Rhinopetitia myersi, Roeboides bonariensis, Salminus hilarii, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops, Triportheus nematurus

1- com uma projeção antero-dorsal sobre o infra-orbital 1

Astyanax altiparanae, Deuterodon iguape, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Lignobrycon myersi, Moenkhausia

hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Parapristella georgiae, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Serrapinnus heterodon, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua

9- Indeterminado

Astyanax jacobinae

73- Infra-orbitais 2 e 3 (ic – 0,083)

0- sem sobreposição

Grundulus cochae, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus sp n., Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Oligosarcus pintoi, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Roeboides bonariensis, Stethaprion erythrops

1- com sobreposição pequena

Aphyocharax anisitsi, Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax jacobinae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycinus longipinnis, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconella pallidifrons, Chalceus spilogyros, Cheirodon interruptus, Deuterodon iguape, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus skolioplatus, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyiHemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus yinyang, Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Poptella paraguayensis, Pristella maxillaris, Serrasalmus maculatus, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus

2- com sobreposição grande

Aphyocharax pusillus, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconexodon juruenae, Bryconops melanurus, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Piabina argentea, Rhinopetitia myersi, Salminus hilarii, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas

0, 1- Polimórfico

Coptobrycon bilineatus, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Parapristella georgiae

1, 2- Polimórfico

Tetragonopterus argenteus

74- Infra-orbital 4 (ic – 0,143)

(Mirande, 2009: 66)

Astyanax altiparanae, Astyanax mexicanus, Brycinus longipinnis, Brycon cf pesu, Bryconamericus exodon, Bryconexodon juruenae, Bryconops melanurus, Chalceus spilogyros, Cheirodon interruptus, Deuterodon iguape, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hasemania crenuchoides, Hasemania melanura, Hemigrammus analis, Hemigrammus arua, Hemigrammus barrigonae, Hemigrammus bellottii, Hemigrammus bleheri, Hemigrammus boesemani, Hemigrammus brevis, Hemigrammus coeruleus, Hemigrammus cylindricus, Hemigrammus gracilis, Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus hyanuary, Hemigrammus levis, Hemigrammus lunatus, Hemigrammus marginatus, Hemigrammus mimus, Hemigrammus newboldi, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus orthus, Hemigrammus parana, Hemigrammus pretoensis, Hemigrammus pulcher, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hemigrammus rodwayi, Hemigrammus schmardae, Hemigrammus silimoni, Hemigrammus stictus, Hemigrammus taphorni, Hemigrammus tridens, Hemigrammus ulreyi, Hemigrammus unilineatus, Hemigrammus vorderwikleri, Hemigrammus sp n., Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Hyphessobrycon coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, Hyphessobrycon eilyos, Hyphessobrycon epicharis, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, Hyphessobrycon micropterus, Hyphessobrycon takasei, Iguanodectes spilurus, Jupiaba polylepis, Lignobrycon myersi, Microschemobrycon sp, Moenkhausia bonita, Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, Moenkhausia intermedia, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, Moenkhausia xinguensis, Oligosarcus pintoi, Parapristella georgiae, Petitella georgiae, Phenacogaster franciscoensis, Piabina argentea, Poptella paraguayensis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Pristella maxillaris, Rhinopetitia myersi, Salminus hilarii, Serrapinnus heterodon, Serrapinnus notomelas, Serrasalmus maculatus, Stethaprion erythrops, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Thayeria obliqua, Triportheus nematurus

1- ausente (Figura 17)

Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aphyocharax pusillus, Astyanax jacobinae, Bryconella pallidifrons, Coptobrycon bilineatus, Grundulus cochae, Hollandichthys aff. multifasciatus, Hyphessobrycon compressus, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Roeboides bonariensis

0, 1- Polimórfico

Hasemania sp n., Hemigrammus yinyang

9- Indeterminado

Hemigrammus skolioplatus

A maioria dos Characidae apresenta o infra-orbital 4 compondo a série