HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND IRON CONTENT IN EGGS OF BROILER HEN FED DIFFERENT IRON LEVELS and. Effect of iron source, level and periods in egg quality of broilers in a period from 47 to 70 weeks of age. Interaction source*level in egg quality of broilers in a period from 47 to 70 weeks of age.
Regression equations of the variables studied from broilers in a period from 47 to 70 weeks of age.
INTRODUÇÃO
REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
- Funções do Ferro
- Absorção e Metabolismo do Ferro
- Interações entre Minerais
- Exigência de Ferro para as Aves
- Minerais Orgânicos
A absorção de Fe não heme é parcialmente regulada pelas concentrações intracelulares de Fe nos enterócitos. Os íons Fe são reduzidos pela citocromo b redutase duodenal (DcytB) a Fe+2 (a menos que já esteja na forma Fe+2) na borda em escova da membrana duodenal, que é então transportado para o enterócito pela proteína de transporte de metal divalente. . (DMT1). Os pintinhos alimentados com dieta deficiente também aumentaram a porcentagem de Fe no fígado, sangue e intestinos.
Segundo Paik (2001), o uso de Fe-met aumenta a concentração de Fe na gema de galinhas poedeiras.
JAQUES, 1994)
Qualidade de Ovos
A cor vermelha da casca do ovo é causada pela deposição de porfirina no útero durante a formação da casca, e é mais intensa 20 a 24 horas após a postura do ovo anterior. Porém, algumas aves da mesma linhagem tendem a botar ovos mais leves devido a uma mudança na cinética de deposição de pigmento na casca. Aves que produziram ovos mais leves apresentaram maiores concentrações de cálcio e fósforo ionizados no fluido uterino. o estágio final de formação da casca (NYS et al. testaram a eficácia da suplementação "em cima" de galinhas poedeiras semipesadas com duas fontes orgânicas de Fe, proteinato e quelato de Fe-met, ambas as fontes melhoraram a pigmentação da casca do ovo e aumentaram a deposição de Fe na gema, mas as aves, que receberam Fe-met diminuíram a produção de ovos, o peso dos ovos e a unidade Haugh, e além do aumento da conversão alimentar, os autores também demonstraram que a suplementação com Fe aumentou a concentração de Zn na gema dos ovos, seguida do Availa Fe®, enquanto a suplementação com Availa Fe® aumentou a pigmentação da casca.
A suplementação “on top” de 100 ppm de Fe de Fe-met aumentou a concentração de Fe na gema do ovo de poedeiras de médio porte (PARK et al., 2005).
HIPÓTESES E OBJETIVOS
Vieira ([email protected]), Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Iron ions (Fe) then bind to transferrin for distribution throughout the body via the plasma circulation (Ludwiczek et al., 2004). Increased deposition of Fe can improve egg quality for both human consumption with the production of enriched eggs and for breeders, improve resistance to contamination and provide a higher amount of mineral to the embryo (Park et al. The Fe content of eggs is limited, and is rapidly used in the end of the hatching period, when the embryo begins to breathe through the lungs.
For example, recommendations from Cobb (Cobb-Vantress, 2008a) are in the range 40-55 ppm for the production phase, the same level recommended by NRC (1994) Brazilian tables for poultry and pigs (Rostagno et al., 2011) recommend the use from 60 ppm on.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Chickens were fed diets based on cornmeal and soy until 35 weeks of age, semi-purified diets based on rice and isolated soy protein between 36 and 46 weeks, and between 47 and 70 weeks were fed 11 different diets . Eggs were collected 4 times a day and classified into hatching, broken/cracked and deformed, all study measurements were performed in 6 periods of 28 days, in the last week of each period specific gravity, egg weight and its components (yolk, albumen and shell), yolk height, albumen height, Haugh unit and shell thickness. Eggs produced in the last 3 days of each period were weighed, broken and separated into yolk, albumen and shell, each component was weighed and stored in a cold room at -18 °C.
At the end of each period 20 eggs per treatment were randomly selected for color using colorimeter Minolta CR-200 calibrated in white area.
RESULTS
Similar results were observed for albumin height, which showed higher results for levels 50 and 75 ppm, and Haugh unit, with higher value for 50 ppm Fe. With the increased level of Fe, the hens laid eggs darker (P<0.001), with lower brightness value of the shells for 125 ppm, red color was higher for levels of 75 and 125 ppm. Significant interactions were observed between the level of Fe and periods of eggshell color for levels of L (P=0.033) and b (P=0.001) (Table 5).
All variables showed a quadratic response, however for albumin percentage the minimum point was observed for the 68 ppm Fe level in the diet.
DISCUSSION
Recently, it has also been shown in vitro that there is a specific pathway for the absorption of Fe in iron form (Conrad et al., 2000). The color of the eggshell is formed by the deposition of porphyrin that occurs in the uterus during eggshell formation, and the Fe level in the diet can alter this deposition, producing darker eggs (Nys et al., 1991 ; Paik et al., 2009). The iron stores available to the embryo are quickly used up during the last stage of embryonic development. Post-hatch, Fe status is poor and without an appropriate diet, its growth is compromised (Tako and Glahn, 2011), when higher amounts of Fe are used in the diet. in chickens, it is possible to increase the Fe concentration in the yolk, making a greater contribution to the embryo (Morck and Austic, 1981; Park et al., 2004; Skrivan et al., 2005; Bess et al. , 2012).
Using regression equations, it is possible to determine the best level of response for the desired trait and, based on the regression equation for yolk Fe concentration, a dietary level of 132.9 ppm Fe can be estimated for most of the response.
Eggshell Color 3
3 Measured with a colorimeter surface, where L is the luminance, a is the red and b is the yellow. Interactions between iron levels and periods for brightness and yellow eggshell color (L and b) of broilers in a period from 47 to 70 weeks of age. Regression analysis showed maximum response for levels of and 119.46 ppm Fe in the diet with ferrous sulfate supplementation for percentage of hatching eggs, hemoglobin and hematocrit of chickens and chicks respectively.
In this context, our objective was to re-evaluate the iron requirement for egg production and blood parameters of broiler chickens and their offspring.
MATERIAL AND METHODS Birds management and facilities
CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
A fonte de Fe utilizada afeta diretamente o nível de suplementação devido à diferença de biodisponibilidade entre elas. Estudos demonstraram que as aves são mais eficientes na absorção do heme Fe e, às vezes, quando o nível de Fe na dieta é elevado, a suplementação não é necessária (Bertechini et al., 2000; Bess et al., 2012). A deposição de Fe na gema aumenta conforme a suplementação, em outros estudos essa característica também foi demonstrada (Park et al.
A deficiência de ferro é a alteração hematológica mais comum que afeta a espécie humana, tanto nos países desenvolvidos como nos países em desenvolvimento (TEFFERI, 2003).
BIBLIOGRAFIA
Efeito da temperatura e do tempo de armazenamento na qualidade interna de ovos de codorna japonesa (Coturnix coturnix japonica) para consumo humano. Alterações no ferro-transferrina e no ferro-fosvitina plasmáticos durante o período de postura em frangos de corte. A expressão duodenal de HFE e os níveis de hepcidina determinam a homeostase do ferro corporal: modulação pela diversidade genética e disponibilidade de ferro na dieta.
Effect of dietary ratios of Fe and Cu on hematological and growth responses of broilers. Effect of iron status on DMT1 expression in duodenal enterocytes from beta2-microglobulin knockout mice. Effects of organic iron supplementation on productivity and iron content of egg yolk of laying hens.
The effect of level and period of Fe-methionine chelate supplementation on iron content in broilers. Effects of the diet of zinc, iron and copper in layer feeds on the distribution of these elements in eggs, liver, excrement, soil and herbs.
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Percentual de ovos incubáveis produzidos
