THE DANISH APPROACH TO COUNTERING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 3. Structural arrangements and ideological foundations 14. This report provides an introductory overview of the main actors and initiatives in the Danish approach and an introduction to the foundations on which it is built. THE DANISH APPROACH TO COUNTERING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 7 Since the mid-00s, preventing and combating violent extremism and radicalization.
THE DANISH APPROACH TO COUNTERING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 9 This report therefore provides an overview of key actors and initiatives. THE DANISH APPROACH TO COUNTERING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 13 But still, despite the lessons learned and its narrower focus, the Danish approach is very.
STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENTS
THE DANISH APPROACH TO FASHION BUILDING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 15 The Danish approach to countering and preventing violent extremism and radicalization. THE DANISH APPROACH TO BUILDING FASHION AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 17 Nationally, two main actors cooperate and coordinate to some extent regional and. One is a center for prevention in PET, which primarily focuses on security and preventing illegal activities.
In 2014 this approach was adopted nationally, the government's action plan effectively making what is often referred to as the Aarhus model part of the Danish approach. As this also shows, the understanding of terrorism as a crime comparable to other types of crime, and of extremism and radicalization as a danger especially to vulnerable young people, rather than as an existential threat to the existing state and order or a policy . challenge, is crucial to the Danish approach. THE DANISH APPROACH TO COUNTERING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 19 'another parameter of concern'” for the ordinary crime prevention system.21 As an ex-.
Early prevention is an integral part of the Danish approach to everything from crime prevention to healthcare and childcare, with all new parents receiving home health visits during a child's first year of life to provide advice on their child's health and well-being. children and prevent future problems. Although there is no clear, generally accepted definition of radicalization or extremism, it is possible to identify the contours of a concept on which the Danish approach rests. THE DANISH APPROACH TO FIGHT AND PREVENT EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 21 The approach seems to be based on the fundamental insight that Danish society is too.
The Danish approach is increasingly understood as existing within the same framework as efforts to prevent other risky behaviour.
MAIN ELEMENTS AND ACTORS
THE DANISH APPROACH TO COUNTERING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 23 Prevention of crime as well as health and social problems in Denmark is often. Individually tailored programs offered by the Center for Prevention in the Danish Security and Intelligence Service, the Danish Prison and Probation Service, and municipalities and/or local police coordinated by information houses (described in the next section). THE DANISH APPROACH TO COUNTERING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 29 After assessing the concerns, the information houses decide whether and if to take action.
If the concerns are assessed as a threat to security, the matter is referred to the Prevention Center of the Danish Security and Intelligence Service. As mentioned, the main coordinating powers at the national level are the Center for Prevention of the Danish Security and Intelligence Service and the Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration within the Ministry of Immigration, Integration and Housing. The Danish Security and Intelligence Service (PET) Prevention Center's primary focus is the target level, but the Center engages at all levels, both through outreach and intervention activities.
THE MINISTRY OF IMMIGRATION, INTEGRATION AND HOUSING, AND THE DANISH AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL RECRUITMENT AND INTEGRATION. The service's counterpart, the Ministry of Immigration, Integration and Housing, with the Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI), focuses mainly on the other two levels of the pyramid. In addition to the Danish Security and Intelligence Service (PET), the Ministry of Justice also participates through the regular police and the Danish Prison and Probation Service.
Since 2012, the Danish Prison and Probation Service has been working together with the Danish Security and Intelligence Service in training prison staff in issues of radicalisation. THE DANISH APPROACH TO COUNTERING AND PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION 31. As previously mentioned, a crucial part of the Danish multi-agency approach is the already established networks of School, Social Services and Police (SSP), the networks of Prison and Probation Services, Social Services and Police (KSP), and the networks of Psychiatry, Social Services and Police (PSP).
DILEMMAS, CHALLENGES AND CRITICISMS
Particularly when concrete events, such as terrorist attacks, place radicalization and extremism at the top of the public agenda, some voices in the debate return to less refined conceptualizations. In an excellent article from 2015, Lindekilde38 traces the development of Danish policy to prevent and counter extremism and radicalization by comparing the 2009 action plan with the 2014 action plan. Finally, there is a more fundamental critique of the whole notion of radicalization. because it's all about the individual.
As noted, even in Denmark there are disagreements about the details of the approach. The decision has been criticized as an example of going too far in efforts to prevent radicalisation. Another challenge is that the Danish approach is criticized for creating self-fulfilling prophecies by stigmatizing or ostracizing sections of the population, thus contributing to polarization and potentially subsequent radicalization.
The need for such evaluations of efforts is constantly emphasized by the political criticism of the approach described earlier. The need for evaluations of the effects of preventive efforts is constantly emphasized by the political criticism of the approach. One of the strengths of the Danish approach is its flexibility, the inclusion of different types of professionals who view challenges and specific cases in different ways and the fact that it leaves room for individual assessments.
In the early years of the development of the Danish approach, there was another challenge to cooperation, namely that not all parties felt comfortable to cooperate. Over the years, the Center for Prevention and the Danish Security and Intelligence Service have remained organizationally established, while the other side of the approach has been subject to more structural changes. It would make sense for such coordination to be reflected on both sides of the effort.
NOTES
In practice, different actors work with different versions of the model that reflect their focus and area of responsibility. For example, the Danish Agency for International Employment and Integration works with understanding, where the general layer includes everyone, the special layer includes individuals at risk of radicalization, and the targeted layer includes individuals in extremist environments. This version reflects the understanding that individuals assessed as violent extremists are not under the agency's jurisdiction, but rather under the jurisdiction of the Danish Security and Intelligence Service.
Anbefalinger fra ekspertgruppen om forebyggelse af radikalisering, mindre radikaliseret gennem en effektiv og sammenhængende indsats, Københavns Kommune 2015. 34 Anbefalinger fra ekspertgruppen om forebyggelse af radikalisering, mindre radikaliseret gennem en effektiv og sammenhængende indsats, 2015, (Forkortet version tilgængelig på engelsk) . Danmarks regering, Forebyggelse af radikalisering og ekstremisme, 2014, og Københavns Kommune, Anbefalinger fra Ekspertgruppen om Forebyggelse af Radikalisering, Mindre Radikalisering gennem en effektiv og sammenhængende indsats, 2015 (Forkortet version tilgængelig på engelsk).
40 Lindekilde, L., Refokusering af dansk kontraradikaliseringsindsats: en analyse af den (problematiske) logik og praksis i individuelle afradikaliseringsindsatser, 2015, s. 42 Lindekilde, Refokusering af dansk kontraradikaliseringsindsats: en analyse af den (problematiske) logik og praksis i individuelle afradikaliseringsindsatser, 2015, s.
48 Lindekilde, Reorienting Danish efforts to counter radicalisation: an analysis of the (problematic) logic and practice of individual deradicalisation interventions, 2015, pp.
LITERATURE
On behalf of the Correctional Service and the Ministry for Children, Gender, Equality, Integration and Social Affairs. The Police Intelligence Service (PET). 2015) The terrorist threat against Denmark from people traveling to Syria/Iraq (Terrorist threat against Denmark from people traveling to Syria/Iraq), threat assessment of 23 October 2015. A tour of the research literature: Literature review of definitions and approaches in online radicalization], DIIS Report 2014:08.
New definition of radicalization - an equation with many unknowns [New definition of radicalization - an equation with many unknowns], DIIS Policy Brief, Danish Institute for International Studies. Trends in recent attacks in the West, DIIS Policy Brief, Danish Institute for International Studies. 2015) Refocusing the Danish counter-radicalisation effort: an analysis of the (problematic) logic and practice of individual de-radicalisation interventions, in Baker-Beal, C., Heath-Kelly, C.
2015) Dreng tvangsfjernet af frygt for radikalisering [Boy removed from his family for fear of radicalization], Jyllands-posten, [Online] 28th February 2015. jyllands-posten.dk/indland/ECE7494670/Dreng+tvangsfjernet+af+frygt+for+radikalisering/. 2015) Flertal i Etisk Råd åbner for tvangsbehandling af gravide misbrugere [Majority in the Ethical Council opens up for compulsory treatment of pregnant drug users], [Online] 29th September. Available from: http://www.b.dk/nationalt/koebenhavn-vil-droppe-samar- bejde-med-islamisk-trossamfund [Accessed on 23rd November 2015]. Available from: http://www.ibtimes.co. uk/denmark-isis-fighters-warmly-welcome-home-by-psychiatrists-1470546 [Accessed on 23rd November 2015].
Skamrost model har huller [Aarhus: Rost model har fejl], Politiken, [Online] 18. oktober. aarhus-skamme-model-har-huller/. 2015), Socialpædagoger har brug for hjælp mod radikalisering [Socialpædagoger skal have hjælp mod radikalisering], Politiken, [Online] 14. november 2015.
