FU DAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS
ESCOLA BRASILEIRA DE ADMI ISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA E DE EMPRESAS CE TRO DE FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA E PESQUISA
CURSO DE MESTRADO EM ADMI ISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA
GESTÃO PÚBLICA ORIE TADA PARA RESULTADOS:
AVALIA DO O CASO DE MI AS GERAIS
CAROLI A SIQUEIRA LEMOS
F
U DAÇÃOG
ETULIOV
ARGASE
SCOLAB
RASILEIRA DEA
DMI ISTRAÇÃOP
ÚBLICACE TRO DE FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA E PESQUISA
C
URSO DEM
ESTRADO EMA
DMI ISTRAÇÃOP
ÚBLICAGESTÃO PÚBLICA ORIE TADA PARA RESULTADOS:
AVALIA DO O CASO DE MI AS GERAIS
!" # $% &#$&" ' (&)$#*&"+ ,#&* ,("-+ ( #. (($
/
!" #, $% 0%&(&*"#,12 ' 3
4 3
*"$ "#,.,5- + 6#!" 0$ 0 &* ,( * 0$ $*"!0 * ,7,08%&7 * 9!$ "#,(*6 #%,#,% , 6 #%, 0$ $(:$#;,# %&(-, )&0,< =#&(7&=,5%$("$< =# 6&**& (,5> **&%< 0$*0$ ?@ ,;#,0$1 , " 0 * 9!$< 0$ ,5;!%, 6 #%,< &("$#,;&#,% 7 %&; ($*"$ =$#A 0 = #9!$< 0&#$", ! &(0&#$",%$("$< 7 ("#&.!A#,% =,#, %$! 7#$*7&%$(" $(9!,(" *$# -!%,( >
;#,0$1 , %$! %,#&0 < ,& ,#&(&< =$5 ,= & $ 7 %=,(-$&#&*% &(7 (0&7& (,5> # %$ &(7$("&),# , 7 %$1,# $*"$ %$*"#,0 $ *$;!&# $% 6#$("$> $5, 5!B $ 7 ()$#*,* 7 (*",("$*>
;#,0$1 , * %$!* =,&* $ &#%2 * = # *$%=#$ " #7$#$% = # %&%>
;#,0$1 , =$** ,5 0, $7#$",#&, 0$ *",0 0$ 5,($?,%$(" $ $*"2 0$ &(,* $#,&* = # %$ ,= &,# ($**, ( ), 7,%&(-,0,>
;#,0$1 C 3!(0,12 $"D5& ,#;,*< =$5, E"&%, = #"!(&0,0$ =,#, %$! ,=#&% #,%$(" =# 6&**& (,5 $ =$** ,5>
“A strategy without metrics is just a wish,
and metrics that are not aligned with strategy
are a waste of time.”
*"$ $*"!0 .!*7, ,(,5&*,# % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 #&$(",0 , #$*!5",0 * 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&* 7 % .,*$ (, 5&"$#,"!#, $:&*"$("$ * .#$ ,**!(" > =$*9!&*, .&.5& ;#@6&7, "$% &(A7& 7 % ,* #&;$(* 0, ;$*"2 #&$(",0, , #$*!5",0 *< =,**, =$5,* "$ #&,* &(65!$("$* $ ,(,5&*, * &(*"#!%$(" * 9!$ = 0$% *$# !"&5&B,0 * =$5, %$*%,>
% *$;!&0, + ,=#$*$(",0 7,* 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&*< 7 % *!,* 7,#,7"$#A*"&7,* $ =$7!5&,#&0,0$* $ + 6$&", , ,=5&7,12 0 &(*"#!%$(" 0$ ,),5&,12 0 % 0$5 > *"$ &(*"#!%$(" 6 & 0$*$() 5)&0 =$5 ,(7 ("$#,%$#&7,( 0$ $*$() 5)&%$(" ' $ )$% *$(0 ,=5&7,0 $% 0&)$#* * =,A*$* $ $% *$!* (A)$&* *!.(,7& (,&*> 3 #,% 6$&",*< ",%.+%< $("#$)&*",* 7 % ," #$*I 7-,)$ 0 ; )$#( 0$ &(,* $#,&* )&*,(0 5$),(",# &(6 #%,1J$* ,7$#7, 0 % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 ,0 ",0 >
% " 0,* ,* &(6 #%,1J$* 5$),(",0,*< % 0$5 + ,(,5&*,0 7 % .?$"&) 0$ *$ )$#&6&7,# , *!, ,0$9!,12 ! (2 , * =,0#J$* 0, ;$*"2 #&$(",0, , #$*!5",0 *>
-&* #$*$,#7- ,(,5G*$* "-$ % 0$5 6 %,(,;$%$(" 6 # #$*!5"* 6# % &(,* $#,&* ","$> -$ "-$ #$"&7,5 #$*$,#7- .$;&(* H&"- "-$ #&;&( 6 "-$ %,(,;$%$(" 6 # #$*!5"*< "-$( ,(,5G*$* &"* &(65!$(7$* ,(0 " 5*>
7,*$ *"!0G ,. !" &(,* $#,&* ","$ &* =#$*$("$0 ,(0 "-$ % 0$5 ,(,5G*&* " 5 &* ,==5&$0> -&* " 5 H,* 0$)$5 =$0 .G "-$ ("$#I %$#&7,( $)$5 =%$(" ,(L M N> " &* .$&(; ,==5&$0 &( %,(G 7 !("#&$* ,(0 *","$*> 6"$# "-,"< &("$#)&$H* H&"- "-$ %,&( =$ =5$ 6 &(,* $#,&* ; )$#(%$(" H$#$ 7,##&$0 !" " ;$" &(6 #%,"& ( ,. !" "-$ 7!##$(" % 0$5 6 %,(,;$%$(">
O&"- ,55 "-&* &(6 #%,"& ( 7 55$7"$0< "-$ % 0$5 &* ,(,5G*$0 " )$#&6G &6 &" &* ,0$9!,"$ # ( " " "-$ *",(0,#0* 6 "-$ %,(,;$%$(" 6 # #$*!5"*>
! " #$% &' (& )*
+ , %- .%- ) &/& )&- ) -% %0 %-1 &
)-2 1 -& .%- "
3 %*&0& ) ! %- "
4 %*%'5 /&) %- "
6 %7& & ! % % 0 - "
" 2
" - ) 89&) 2
" " 0& &- ) ! 1 #$% &' - 3
" + 0& &- ) ! 1) ) %-% ' *'&0% :
" 2 ') %- ! ;#*&/) <
" 3 '% ) ) 4
+ ( "<
+ % &) ) -/ *=) ;#*&/) "<
+ " % &) ) 9> /&) "
+ + % &) - - - % ) -) ! "+
2 ?
"3 2 ')*&) ! % $% - % 9 )0)- ;#*&/ - "3
2 " &/) %- % %-%01% = ":
2 + ) - % %- ! +
2 + =&- @ &) - / ) - % 9%- ! +
2 + " - / ) - % 9%- ! )-&* +"
3 +2
3 &01*%0% ) ! ) %- ! 1) ) %- * ) - +6
3 A 2<
3 " /% &' - 2
3 " )0% 1 %- * ) - 2"
4 23
4 %/% % %- 23
4 %7 0) % % /&)* % BB3 23
4 " &)9 @- &/ - ) % & )- % )&- 24
4 " = C % % %- ! 26
4 " / % %- * ) - 2:
4 + 9 )0) - ) 1) ) %- * ) - 3
4 + / % %- * ) - ) "D 9% ) ! = C % % %- ! 33
6 34
6 1 %-% ) ! & - 0% 34
& 8 & - 3:
6 " %- * ) - # & - ) )1*&/) ! C %- & E & 3:
6 " " E*&-% / F &/) C %- & E & 4: 6 + %- * ) - ) ')*&) ! , )*& ) &') 4B
: 64
B ( G ( 6:
G H :2
&1 % %-C &-) :2
" &'% - % )0 - ) :2
+ *% ) % ) - :3
2 ) )0% - ) - :3
3 &0& ) .%- 08 :4
Figuras
3&;!#, ' ,"!#$B, 0&(Q%&7, 0 *&*"$%, 0$ ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) *>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>R 3&;!#, I 0$5 0$ $6 #%, F!#A0&7 I ,#,("&0 # >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3&;!#, S ' 0$5 0$ $6 #%, 6&7&$("&*",>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3&;!#, ' 0$5 0$ $6 #%, ("#,"!,5&*", >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3&;!#, ' 0$5 0$ $6 #%, $#)&1,5>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3&;!#, T I $*"2 =,#, $*!5",0 * ( U%.&" D.5&7 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>SR 3&;!#, R ' ,=, *"#,"+;&7 0 )$#( 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&* >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3&;!#, V ' &75 0$ $*"2 #&$(",0 , $*!5",0 * >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> T 3&;!#, I (0&7$ = *$;!(0 (A)$5 0$ 0$*$() 5)&%$(" 0 % 0$5 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>TR
Tabelas
*"$ $*"!0 6 & $*"#!"!#,0 $% &" 7,=A"!5 *> =#&%$&# 7,=A"!5 + 0$0&7,0 , ,=#$*$(",# !%, &("# 0!12 , "$%, ,. #0,0 < $)&0$(7&,(0 =# .5$%, 0$ =$*9!&*,> 3$&" &** < $*75,#$7$%I*$ * .?$"&) * 0$*"$ $*"!0 < ,**&% 7 % ,* *!,* 0$5&%&",1J$* $ *!, #$5$)Q(7&,>
*$;!(0 7,=A"!5 .!*7, ,=#$*$(",# ,* #&;$(* 0, ;$*"2 #&$(",0, , #$*!5",0 *< 0$*0$ $*"!0 0, $*"#,"+;&,< =,**,(0 =$5, ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) *< =$5, ,0%&(&*"#,12 =,#, 0$*$() 5)&%$(" < , ( ), ;$*"2 =D.5&7, $ , "$ #&, 0, ; )$#(,(1,>
"$#7$&# 7,=A"!5 *2 ,=#$*$(",0,* ,* "$ #&,* &(65!$("$* (, ;$*"2 #&$(",0, , #$*!5",0 *< 9!,&* *$?,%< , "$ #&, 0, $*7 5-, =D.5&7,< , "$ #&, 0 * 7!*" * 0$ "#,(*,12 $ , "$ #&, 0, ,;8(7&,>
7,=A"!5 9!,"# "#,", 0 * &(*"#!%$(" * !"&5&B,0 * =$5, ;$*"2 #&$(",0, , #$*!5",0 *< ",&* 7 % < , ,),5&,12 0$ =# ?$" * $ =# ;#,%,* =D.5&7 *< * &(0&7,0 #$* 0$ 0$*$%=$(- $ * 7 ("#," * 0$ ;$*"2 >
7,=A"!5 7&(7 + ,=#$*$(",0 % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 #&$(",0 , #$*!5",0 *< 7 % *!,* 7,#,7"$#A*"&7,*< 6 #%,* 0$ &%=5$%$(",12 $ =$7!5&,#&0,0$*> *"$ % 0$5 + , .,*$ !"&5&B,0, =,#, , 7 (*"#!12 0 &(*"#!%$(" 0$ =$*9!&*, !"&5&B,0 ($*"$ $*"!0 >
*$:" 7,=A"!5 "#,", 0 7,* $*=$7A6&7 ,(,5&*,0 ($*"$ $*"!0 < 9!,5 *$?,< % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 #&$(",0 , #$*!5",0 * $% &(,* $#,&*>
7,=A"!5 *$"$ + ,=#$*$(",0, , ,(@5&*$ 0 * 0,0 * ."&0 * (, =$*9!&*, 0$ 7,%= < !"&5&B,(0 9!$*"& (@#& 0$*$() 5)&0 =$5 ,(7 ("$#,%$#&7,( 0$ $*$() 5)&%$(" ' $ 0,* &(6 #%,1J$* ."&0,* 7 % ,* $("#$)&*",* #$,5&B,0,*>
&",) $ D5"&% 7,=A"!5 < .,*$,0 (, =$*9!&*, .&.5& ;#@6&7, $ (,* ,(@5&*$* 6$&",* ( 7,=A"!5 *$"$< *2 $:=5&7&",0,* ,* 7 (75!*J$* #$6$#$("$* , $*", =$*9!&*,>
1.1 Introdução
=$*9!&*, )&*, ,=#$*$(",# $ ,(,5&*,# *$ =# ;#,%, *",0 =,#, $*!5",0 * 0$ &(,* $#,&* ,"$(0$ , * #$9!&*&" * 0 % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 =,#, #$*!5",0 *< 0$*$() 5)&0 =$5 ,(7 ("$#,%$#&7,( 0$ $*$() 5)&%$(" I ?!(",%$("$ 7 % $("# ,"&( I %$#&7,( 0$ 0%&(&*"#,12 =,#, $*$() 5)&%$(" ' > &%=5$%$(",12 0$ !%, = 5A"&7, 0$ ;$*"2 =D.5&7, #&$(",0, =,#, ,57,(7$ 0$ #$*!5",0 * 0$ 0$*$() 5)&%$(" + , ( ), "$(08(7&, 0, 0%&(&*"#,12 D.5&7, $ 0$)$ *$# %,&* =$*9!&*,0, )&*,(0 )$#&6&7,# *$ + !% &(*"#!%$(" $6$"&) >
=$#;!(", , *$# #$*= (0&0, +K *"@ % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&* #&$(",0 =,#, #$*!5",0 *< ( * % 50$* 0 % 0$5 0$*$() 5)&0 =$5 W
,#, #$*= (0$# , $*", =$#;!(",< =# ?$" !"&5&B,#@ 7 % %$" 0 5 ;&, , =$*9!&*, 0$*7#&"&), $ ,),5&,"&),< 9!,(" , * 6&(*< $ .&.5& ;#@6&7, $ 0$ 7,%= < 9!,(" , * %$& *< 7 (6 #%$ 0$)&0,%$("$ $:=5&7,0 ( =8(0&7$ > ,#, , #$,5&B,12 0, =$*9!&*, 0$ 7,%= *$#@ !"&5&B,0 !% 9!$*"& (@#& 7#&,0 =$5 ,(7 ("$#,%$#&7,( 0$ $*$() 5)&%$(" ' 9!$ "$)$ 7 % &(*=&#,12 &(&7&,5 9!$*"& (@#& 0$*$() 5)&0 ( ,(!,5 .$#" 0$ $*"2 =,#, $*!5",0 * ( $" # D.5&7 < $5,. #,0 =$5 ?!(",%$("$ 7 % >
1.2 Objetivo Final
$#&6&7,# ;#,! 0$ ,0$#8(7&, 0 % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&* 7 % % 0$5 #$6$#8(7&, =# = *" =$5 >
% 0$5 0 6 & $*7 5-&0 = # *$# !%, *&*"$%,"&B,12 .,*",("$ 7 %=5$", 0 9!$ *$#&, !%, ;$*"2 #&$(",0, , #$*!5",0 *< 9!$ (2 &%=$0$< $("#$",(" < 9!$ -,?, 7#A"&7,* 9!$ = **,% *$# 6$&",* , %$*% 0!#,("$ , #$,5&B,12 0 "#,.,5- 0$ =$*9!&*,>
1.3 Questões adicionais a serem respondidas
I !,5 + *&;(&6&7,0 0$ ;$*"2 =D.5&7, #&$(",0, =,#, #$*!5",0 *W !,&* *2 ,* "$(08(7&,* 7 ("$%= #Q($,* 0$ #$6 #%, 0, ;$*"2 =D.5&7, M#$6 #%,* 0$ *$;!(0, ;$#,12 NW
I 9!$ *2 * 7 ("#," * 0$ ;$*"2 $ , 7 ("#,"!,5&B,12 0$ #$*!5",0 *W !,&* *2 ,* = "$(7&,5&0,0$* 5&%&",1J$* 0 % 0$5 0$ 7 ("#,"!,5&B,12 0$ #$*!5",0 *W
I 9!$ + % 0$5 0$ $*"2 =,#, $*!5",0 *< 0$*$() 5)&0 =$5 ,(7 ("$#,%$#&7,( 0$ $*$() 5)&%$(" W !,&* *2 *$!* 7 %= ($("$*W !,&* *2 *!,* = "$(7&,5&0,0$* $ 5&%&",1J$*W I 9!$ *&;(&6&7, % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 #&$(",0 =,#, ,57,(7$ 0$ #$*!5",0 * $% &(,* $#,&*W 9!$ *&;(&6&7, - 9!$ 0$ $*"2 W !,5 6$##,%$(",5 ,0 ",0 =,#, , *!, &%=5$%$(",12 W
I 9!$ + # ;#,%, *",0 =,#, $*!5",0 *W !,5 , #$5,12 $("#$ # ;#,%, *",0 =,#, $*!5",0 * $ !% % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 #&$(",0 , #$*!5",0 *W
I !,&* *2 ,* = "$(7&,5&0,0$* $ 5&%&",1J$* 0 % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 ,0 ",0 $% &(,* $#,&*W % 0$5 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&* + ,0$#$("$ , % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 =,#, #$*!5",0 * 0$6&(&0 =$5
W
1.4 Suposições
=# ;#,%, *",0 =,#, $*!5",0 * #$*= (0$ , * =#&(7&=,&* 9!$*&" * 0 % 0$5 0$ $*"2 =,#, $*!5",0 *< 0$*$() 5)&0 =$5 < = 0$(0 < = #",(" < *$# 7 (*&0$#,0 7 % !% $6$"&) % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 #&$(",0 =,#, ,57,(7$ 0$ #$*!5",0 * 0$ 0$*$() 5)&%$(" >
1.5 Delimitação do estudo
=# ?$" , *$# 0$*$() 5)&0 6&7,#@ #$*"#&" , ,(@5&*$ 0,* &(6 #%,1J$* ."&0,* 7 % , ,=5&7,12 0 9!$*"& (@#& 0$*$() 5)&0 =$5 $ 7 % $("#$)&*",* , *$#$% #$,5&B,0,* 7 % ,5;!(* 0&#&;$("$* =D.5&7 * 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&*< = 0$(0 < = # &** < *$# ,&(0, &(7 %=5$" < "$(0 $% )&*", 9!$ , ,=5&7,12 0 9!$*"& (@#& ,&(0, + &(7&=&$("$ $% !(&0,0$* *!.(,7& (,&*>
1.6 Relevância do estudo
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
2 .*",("$< 6," 0$ $*",#$% 7 ()$(7&0 * 0, ($7$**&0,0$ 0, 6 #%!5,12 0$ !%, $*"#,"+;&,< (2 *&;(&6&7, 9!$ $5, *$ #$,5&B$ $*= (",($,%$("$> % &*" !% ( ) &(;#$0&$("$ )$% *$(0 ,0&7& (,0 , 0$.,"$ 7 ("$%= #Q($ * .#$ ;$*"2 =D.5&7,K , 9!$*"2 0, &%=5$%$(",12 $ 0 ,57,(7$ $6$"&) 0 * #$*!5",0 * 0$ 0$*$() 5)&%$(" M Y < N>
# ?$" + #$5$),("$ 0$)&0 , *!, &%= #"Q(7&, ( 7$(@#& ,"!,5< (0$ *$ =$#7$.$ !% % )&%$(" 0$ "#,(*6 #%,12 0 =,0#2 0$ ;$*"2 =D.5&7, (, 0&#$12 0$ % 0$5 * #&$(",0 * =,#, #$*!5",0 * ",(" ( 7 ("$:" (,7& (,5 7 % &("$#(,7& (,5> 2 .*",("$ , #$5$)Q(7&, 0 % )&%$(" < , 9!$*"2 6!(0,%$(",5 9!$ $%$#;$ + , 0 *&;(&6&7,0 0$ modelos de gestão orientados para resultados> $*"$ *$("&0 , &(&7&,"&), 0 + .,*",("$ $:=#$**&), (, %$0&0, $% 9!$ =# =J$ !% % 0$5 0$ #$6$#8(7&, * .#$ "$%,> !"# ,*=$7" #$5$),("$ + 9!$ )@#& * #$*!5",0 * )8% *$(0 ,57,(1,0 * %,* ,* &(6 #%,1J$* *2 ,&(0, &%=#$7&*,* ! (2 $*"2 7 (* 5&0,0,* ( * (A)$&* *!.(,7& (,&*< 6,B$(0 7 % 9!$ (2 *$ "$(-,< (, =#@"&7,< !%, ,),5&,12 $6$"&), * .#$ ,* $:=$#&8(7&,* 0$ ,0 12 0$ % 0$5 * 0$ ;$*"2 =,#, #$*!5",0 * ( * *",0 *> *",< = #",(" < = 0$#@ *$# !%, =#&%$&#, "$(","&),>
1.7 Definição de termos
("#," 0$ $*"2 ' + &(*"#!%$(" !"&5&B,0 =,#, =,7"!,12 0$ #$*!5",0 * $("#$ =,#"$* &("$#$**,0,*> #,",I*$< )&, 0$ #$;#,< 0$ !% 7 %=# %&** < ($; 7&,0 $("#$ ,* =,#"$*< 9!$ #$;!5, ,* #$5,1J$* $("#$ (D75$ $*"#,"+;&7 M6 #%!5,0 # 0$ = 5A"&7,*N $ ,* $("&0,0$* 0$*7$("#,5&B,0,* M$:$7!" #,*N>
7 #0 0$ $*!5",0 * ' &(*"#!%$(" 0$ =,7"!,12 0$ #$*!5",0 * !"&5&B,0 =$5 )$#( 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&*< ( * % 50$* 0 7 ("#," 0$ ;$*"2 >
- 9!$ 0$ $*"2 ' #$=#$*$(", !%, 7 %.&(,12 0$ %$0&0,* #&$(",0,* =,#, ,?!*"$ $*"#!"!#,5 0,* 7 (",* =D.5&7,* 7 % &(&7&,"&),* ) 5",0,* =,#, , ;$#,12 0$ !% ( ) =,0#2 0$ 0$*$() 5)&%$(" "$(0 , &( ),12 (, ;$*"2 7 % $5$%$(" 0$ *!*"$(",.&5&0,0$> Z , $*"#,"+;&, 0$ #$6 #%, 0, ,0%&(&*"#,12 =D.5&7, 0 *",0 0$ &(,* $#,&*>
S
#$*!5",0 * =#+I6&:,0 *> &*, 6,7&5&",# =,#, ,* &(*"&"!&1J$* =D.5&7,* , 0&#$12 $6$"&), $ &("$;#,0, 0 =# 7$** 0$ 7#&,12 0$ ),5 # =D.5&7 < , 7 (*$7!12 0 * .?$"&) * 0$ ; )$#( $ , %$5- #, 7 ("A(!, 0,* &(*"&"!&1J$*>
2.1 Estratégia
7$(@#& 0,* =$#,1J$* %&5&",#$* $% += 7,* 0$ ;!$##,* &(65!$(7& ! $( #%$%$("$ $*"!0 0,* $*"#,"+;&,* $%=#$*,#&,&*> "", M N< , ,(,5&*,# 7 (7$&" 0$ $*"#,"+;&,< =,5,)#, 0$ #&;$% ;#$;,< 0$*",7, 9!$ $5, *$ =#$*",), , 0$*&;(,# , 6!(12 ,0%&(&*"#,"&), 0$ ;$($#,5," < $*",(0 < 0$*", 6 #%,< *$%=#$ ,** 7&,0, C )&*2 %&5&",#K [o estrategista era o comandante militar que formulava e projetava as manobras necessárias à consecução de um fim específico\> *"$#& #%$("$< 7 (7$&" + 7 (*,;#,0 = # ( 5,!*$H&"B M, ,#"$ 0 $%=#$; 0,* .,",5-,* =,#, ,"&(;&# * .?$"&) * 0, ;!$##,N< ( *+7!5 < $% [ #"$ 0, !$##,\< =!.5&7,0 < =$5, =#&%$&#, )$B ( #,*&5 $% R> (9!,(" %,("&(-, *$!* )A(7!5 * %&5&",#$*< , $*"#,"+;&, $#, $("$(0&0, 7 % !%, ,#"$ $< * %$("$ 9!,(0 *$ &(7 #= #, , ?,#;2 ,0%&(&*"#,"&) + 9!$ ,**!%$ !%, =$#*=$7"&), %,&* 7&$("A6&7,>
=# =E*&" < , 0&*"&(;!&# $*"#,"+;&, 0$ "@"&7,< 5,!*$H&"B ,("$7&=, *$! *&;(&6&7,0 K $(9!,(" , "@"&7, $(*&(, , !*,# ,* 6 #1,* ,#%,0,* (,* .,",5-,*< , $*"#,"+;&, *&;(&6&7, , !"&5&B,12 0,* .,",5-,* =,#, ,57,(7$ 0 * .?$"&) * 0$ ;!$##,>
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
$;!(0 ("- (G M T N< 0, Harvard University< $*"#,"+;&, + [o processo de decisão dos objetivos da empresa, das mudanças nesses objetivos, dos recursos utilizados para atingi&los e das políticas que deverão governar a aquisição, utilização e disposição desses recursos\>
,#, 7L 66 M R N< 0$ 6 #%, %,&* *&%=5&6&7,0,< + [a definição de um futuro desejado e dos meios eficazes para alcançá&lo\>
"", M N 0$6&($ $*"#,"+;&, 7 % [um conjunto de decisões fixadas em um plano ou emergentes do processo organizacional, que integra missão, objetivos e seqüência de ações administrativas num todo interdependente. Portanto, estratégia tanto pode ser guia de ação definida a priori quanto o conjunto de resultados definidos a posteriori como produto de comportamentos organizacionais específicos”>
!%, !"#, =$#*=$7"&),< &7L5$"-H,&" Y O 50#&0;$ M VN< 0, $9!&=$ 0$ $0&" #$* 0 [The Economist\< =# 0!B&#,% &("$#$**,("$ *A("$*$ * .#$ ,* 0&)$#*,* ,. #0,;$(* 0 =5,($?,%$(" $*"#,"+;&7 > =# 7$** $() 5)&,< .,*&7,%$("$< "#8* $",=,*K , $5,. #,12 0$ !% =5,( < 9!$ 0$6&(&, 6!"!# 0, $%=#$*,P ,7 #0 P $ *!, &%=5$%$(",12 > $&:,), (A"&0, , *$=,#,12 < &(75!*&)$ 0 = (" 0$ )&*", #;,(&B,7& (,5< $("#$ =5,($?,# $ $:$7!",#K [à gerencia sênior e à diretoria cabia chegar a um acordo. A implementação ficava a cargo de outros gerentes especialmente treinados para esse papel que tinham que ler pesados manuais para aprender a realizar a tarefa\> General Electric< ( 6&(,5 0 * ,( * T < 7-$; ! , 0$"$#%&(,# "#8* (A)$&* 0$ 6 #%,0 #$* 0$ $*"#,"+;&,K * ;$#$("$* 0$ =# 0!" *< * #$*= (*@)$&* =$5,* @#$,* 0$ ($;E7& $ * $*"#,"$;&*",* $%=#$*,#&,&* 9!$ 0$7&0&,% * .#$ , ,5 7,12 0$ #$7!#* *>
$*"$* (A)$&* $ , -&$#,#9!&, #;,(&B,7& (,5> $*", 6 #%,< =5,($?,%$(" $*"#,"+;&7 + =5,($?,%$(" 0 (A)$5 &(*"&"!7& (,5 M" = N $< ( #%,5%$("$< + $5,. #,0 (!%, =$#*=$7"&), "$%= #,5 0$ %,&* 5 (; ,57,(7$> "@"&7 7 ##$*= (0$ , (A)$5 &("$#%$0&@#& < + 0$ %+0& =#,B < $(9!,(" =$#,7& (,5 + =5,( 0, $:$7!12 $< ( #%,5%$("$< + 0$ 7!#" =#,B >
7 ("$D0 0 (A)$5 $*"#,"+;&7 &(75!& , 0$6&(&12 0, %&**2 &(*"&"!7& (,5 M, #,B2 0$ *$# 0, #;,(&B,12 N< 0, )&*2 0$ 6!"!# M, &%,;$% =# ?$",0,N< * ),5 #$*< , ,(@5&*$ 0, *&"!,12 ,"!,5 M,%$,1,* $ = #"!(&0,0$* 0 ,%.&$("$ $:"$#( $ 6 #1,* $ 6#,9!$B,* 0 ,%.&$("$ &("$#( N $ * .?$"&) *< %$",* $ =# ?$" * 7 #= #,"&) *> % *$;!&0, =# 7$** + 0$*0 .#,0 $% =5,( * "@"&7 * M=,#, ,* !(&0,0$* 0$ ($;E7& $ @#$,* 6!(7& (,&*N $ =5,( * =$#,7& (,&* M( (A)$5 0, $:$7!12 N>
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empowermentN $ 7 %=# %$"&%$(" 0$ " 0 * 7 % * .?$"&) * =# = *" *> ( ), %@:&%, +K #$*= (*,.&5&B,12 = # #$*!5",0 * ,5&(-,0 * 7 % , )&*2 $ ,!" ( %&, 0$ ;$*"2 > ,0 12 0$*"$ ( ) =,#,0&;%, &%=5&7, (, #$0!12 0 * %$7,(&*% * 0$ 7 ("# 5$ 6 #%,&* $< (, =# % 12 0$ =#@"&7,* 9!$ ,**$;!#$% 7 %=# %$"&%$(" 0,* =$** ,* 9!$ ,"!,% (, #;,(&B,12 >
2.2 Administração por Objetivos
,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * + !% % 0$5 ,0%&(&*"#,"&) &0$("&6&7,0 7 % , $ #&, $ 75@**&7,< 9!$ *!#;&! = # ) 5", 0$ < 7 % , =!.5&7,12 0 5&)# The practice of management 0$ $"$# #!7L$#> 5+% 0$5$ $:&*"$% !"# * &%= #",("$* 7 5,. #,0 #$*< $("#$ $5$* *$ $(7 ("#,%K $ #;$ 0& #($< F -( O> 4!%.5$< $ #;$ "$&($#< 0;,#0 7-5$- $ ,5$ 7 (L$G> "+ $("2 < , ,"$(12 $#, 6&:,0, (,* ,"&)&0,0$*I%$& 0, #;,(&B,12 < ! *$?,< ( * =# 7$** *> =,#"&# 0,A< $*", 0$*5 7 !I*$ =,#, * .?$"&) *> 8(6,*$ 0$&: ! 0$ *$# , $6&7&8(7&, $ =,** ! , *$# , $6&7@7&,>
T
“O desempenho que se espera de um administrador deve estruturar&se sobre as metas empresariais de desempenho, e os resultados que obtém devem ser avaliados conforme a contribuição que prestam ao sucesso do empreendimento. O administrador precisa saber e compreender o que as metas empresariais exigem dele em termos de atuação, e seus superiores precisam saber o que exigir e esperar dele – e julgá&lo de acordo”.
,#, 4!%.5$ M R < => N< , ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * “é um sistema dinâmico que integra a necessidade da companhia de clarificar e alcançar os seus objetivos de lucro e crescimento, com a necessidade do gerente de contribuir e se desenvolver. É um estilo exigente e compensador de gerir um negócio”>
F@ =,#, 0& #($ M T < => NK
“5a administração por objetivos, os gerentes superiores e subordinados de uma organização em conjunto definem suas metas comuns, e especificam as áreas principais de responsabilidade de cada posição em relação aos resultados esperados de cada um, e utiliza essas medidas como guias para a melhor operação do setor e verificação da contribuição de cada um de seus membros”.
,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) *< = #",(" < = 0$ *$# 0$6&(&0, 7 % !% $*"&5 ! *&*"$%, 0$ ,0%&(&*"#,12 9!$ #$5,7& (, ,* %$",* #;,(&B,7& (,&* 7 % 0$*$%=$(- $ 0$*$() 5)&%$(" &(0&)&0!,5< = # %$& 0 $() 5)&%$(" 0$ " 0 * * (A)$&* ,0%&(&*"#,"&) * (, 7 (*$7!12 0 * .?$"&) *>
,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * "$% 7 % =# =E*&" , %$5- #&, 0, $6&7@7&,< $5, + 5E;&7, $ *&*"$%@"&7,> 9!$ , 0&6$#$ 0 * %+" 0 * 75@**&7 * + 9!$ ($5, 7 ##$ , #$,5&%$(",12 7 ("A(!, 0 =# 7$** < &*" +< * =#E=#& * $%=#$;,0 * $:$#7$% , ,!" I7 ##$12 $ ,!" 7 ("# 5$ 0 * #$*!5",0 *< ,?!*",(0 I * , * .?$"&) * =#+I0$"$#%&(,0 *> (9!,(" 9!$ ,("$*< , 6!(12 ,0%&(&*"#,"&), 0$ 7 ("# 5,# $#, 0$5$;,0, , * &(*=$" #$*> $;!(0 #!7L$# M S< => SNK
“A maior vantagem da administração por objetivos talvez seja a de possibilitar que os administradores controlem seu próprio desempenho. Autocontrole significa uma motivação mais poderosa, um desejo de realizar o melhor possível e não apenas o passável. Significa um desempenho mais elevado e uma visão mais ampla. Para que possa controlar o próprio desempenho, um administrador precisa saber mais do que simplesmente os seus objetivos. Deve ter condições de medir o próprio desempenho e os resultados obtidos em comparação com o objetivo”.
$;!(0 4!%.5$ M R N< , ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * (2 0$)$ *$# ,=$(,* !% %$7,(&*% 0$ ,),5&,12 > * ,*=$7" * ,),5&,"&) * 0$)$% $*",# &("$;#,0 * , =5,($?,%$(" $ , 7 ("# 5$< 0$**, 6 #%,< )@#& * =# .5$%,* = 0$#2 *$# %,&* 6,7&5%$("$ #$* 5)&0 *> 5+% 0$ % "&),# * ;$#$("$* , .!*7,#$% !% %$5- # 0$*$%=$(- >
R
3&;!#, ' ,"!#$B, 0&(Q%&7, 0 *&*"$%, 0$ ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) *
3 ("$K 4!%.5$< F>O> %=# )&(; ,(,;$%$(" $#6 #%,(7$ M R N< => >
F 2 *7 0&< $% *!, .#, 0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * M RT< => R N 6,B !%, ,(@5&*$ 0 5&)# 0$ $"$# #!7L$# $ 7 (6&#%, , "$ #&, 0$ 9!$ , ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * + !% %+" 0 0$ =5,($?,%$(" $ 7 ("# 5$ ,0%&(&*"#,"&) < .,*$,0 (, =#$%&**, 0$ 9!$ =,#, ,"&(;&# #$*!5",0 * , $%=#$*, =#$7&*, 0$6&(&# $% 9!$ ($;E7& $*"@ $ (0$ =#$"$(0$# 7-$;,#> * .?$"&) * *$#&,% 0$6&(&0 * 7 % [uma declaração escrita, o quanto possível com números, orientando o desempenho dos gerentes para atingir um resultado mensurável e de valor\>
,#, 9!$ * .?$"&) * *$?,% = *" * $% ,12 < $5$*< ($7$**,#&,%$("$< "8% 9!$ *$# 75,# *< %$(*!#@)$&*< $)&",(0 ,%.&;]&0,0$* $ $:=#$**,(0 , #$,5&0,0$ 0, #;,(&B,12 > Z ($7$**@#& 7 (-$7$# 9!,&* *2 * .?$"&) *< 0$5&%&",# 9!,&* ,1J$* 7 ("#&.!$% =,#, , *!, $:$7!12 $ 9!,(0 $5,* 0$)$% *$# ,"&(;&0,*>
,*< 9!$ *2 * .?$"&) *W #!7L$# 0$6$(0$ , &0+&, 0$ 9!$ .?$"&) * 0$)$% *$# 0$6&(&0 * =,#, " 0,* ,* @#$,* 9!$ "8% !%, &(65!8(7&, 0&#$", ( 0$*$%=$(- 0, $%=#$*,< ! *$?,< 7!? * #$*!5",0 * $ 0$*$%=$(- ,6$"$% 0$ %,($&#, 0&#$", $ )&",5 , * .#$)&)8(7&, $ , =# *=$#&0,0$ 0, $%=#$*,> 5+% 0&** < ,5;!%,* 7,#,7"$#A*"&7,* *2 6!(0,%$(",&*K
I * .?$"&) * =#$7&*,% *$# 75,#,%$("$ 0$6&(&0 *< $*=$7A6&7 * $ 7 (7#$" *< ( $(",(" < .?$"&) * &(",(;A)$&* $ ;$(+#&7 * = 0$% *$# !"&5&B,0 * *$ ,?!0,#$% , $*75,#$7$# .?$"&) ;$#,5P
I * .?$"&) * 0 * ;$#$("$* 0$)$% #&;&(,#I*$ 0 * .?$"&) * 0, $%=#$*,P I "#,.,5- $% $9!&=$ $ * #$*!5",0 * ;5 .,&* 0$)$% *$# =#& #&B,0 *P
I * .?$"&) * 0$)$% *$# ,?!*",0 * C* 7 (*&0$#,1J$* 0$ 7!#" $ 0$ 5 (; =#,B >
%,& #&, 0,* 7#&"&7,* , $**, "$ #&, ,0)+% 0 6," 0$ , ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * (2 "$# *&0 ,=5&7,0, ,0$9!,0,%$("$ (,* #;,(&B,1J$*> @#&,* 0$5,* !"&5&B,#,% , "$ #&, ,=$(,* = #9!$ $5, $*",), $% ) ;,< *$% "$# 7!&0,0 ($7$**@#& < 9!$ ;$# ! )@#&,* 0$6&7&8(7&,*> 4 !)$ !%,
%-% ' *'&0% % % /&)*
%*% ! /%--! %& )0%
)*E &
*) - ) 89&/
*) E &/
-#$% &' - )-& ) %- J %*=
&)-*) % %
%-&'& )&-K
%- * ) -H
=)'%-%*=
&)-*) %'&-! %
V
"$(08(7&, 0$ "#,(*6 #%,# , ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * $% ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # 5!7# MO
,=!0 < RTN< 9!$ " #(, #$*!5",0 $6$"&) 0, #;,(&B,12 &##$,5 , 5 (; =#,B > $;!(0 O,##$(K [resultados como lucros e taxa de retorno, embora sejam de interesse vital para a administração, são indicadores pouco satisfatórios do que virá a acontecer. Se um bom lucro, baseado em resultados, produzirá ou não um bom lucro futuro, depende dos meios empregados para atingir tal lucro\ MO ,=!0 < RT< => N>
5;!%,* 7#&"&7,* 6$&",* C ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * $*"2 5&;,0,* , 6," 0$ 7 ("A(! 0$*$%=$(- =,#, #$*!5",0 * C 7!#" =#,B =# 0!B&# = #"!(&*% $ 0$*=#$B =$5 * %$& * 0$ "#,.,5- > 5+% 0&** < * ;$#$("$* *2 5$),0 * , =$(*,# 9!$ * #$*!5",0 * %$( * ",(;A)$&* $ * 0$ 5 (; =#,B *2 =# .5$%,* 0, ,5", 0&#$12 $ (2 *$!*> !"#, 9!$*"2 9!$ ,7,., *$(0 =#$?!0&7,0, + , 7 5,. #,12 &("#,I #;,(&B,7& (,5< 9!$ &("$#$**, =,#, 7,0, ;$#$("$ *2 * #$*!5",0 * 0$ *!, =#E=#&, @#$, (2 *$(0 7 I#$*= (*@)$5 =$5 * #$*!5",0 * 0,* 0$%,&*>
$;!(0 $)&(* ( M SN< , ,0%&(&*"#,12 = # .?$"&) * =$7, = # (2 *$ =#$ 7!=,# 7 % =*&7 5E;&7 0 * $%=#$;,0 *< = # $:&;&# %!&" 0 * %$*% * =,#, ,57,(7$ 0 * .?$"&) * #;,(&B,7& (,&*< 0$&:,(0 0$ 5,0 *$!* .?$"&) * &(0&)&0!,&* ! =$** ,&*>
“ Management by objectives and performance appraisal processes, as typically practiced, are inherently self&defeating over the run because they are based on a reward&punishiment psychology that serves to intensify the pressure on the individual while really offering a very limited choice of objectives. Such processes can be improved by examining the psychological assumptions underlying them, by extending them to include group appraisal and appraisal of superiors by subordinates, and by considering the personal goals of the indiviual first\ M < S< => TN>
2.3 Administração para o Desenvolvimento
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
$;!(0 "", M R N< , ,0%&(&*"#,12 =,#, 0$*$() 5)&%$(" #$6$#$I*$ , !% 7 (?!(" 0$ 0&,;(E*"&7 * $ =# ;(E*"&7 * ,0%&(&*"#,"&) * 9!$ *$;!&#,% % 0$5 H$.$#&,( 7&0$(",5 $ $*",),% #$5,7& (,0 * 7 % ,* 0&%$(*J$* 0, #$,5&0,0$ ,0%&(&*"#,"&), 0,* (,1J$* 0$*$() 5)&0,*>
# $**, #,B2 < ,5;!(* =# .5$%,* *!#;&#,%>
9!$ *$ #$6$#$ , * 6&(* 0, ,0%&(&*"#,12 =,#, 0$*$() 5)&%$(" < =$#7$.$I*$ 9!$ , )&*2 0$ 6!"!# 0 * =,A*$* $% 0$*$() 5)&%$(" + , %$*%, 0 * =,A*$* 0$*$() 5)&0 * ' 7#&,# !%, ,0%&(&*"#,12 %,&* $6&7&$("$ $ $6&7,B> $(",(" < $**, =$#*=$7"&), 5&%&", , 7,=,7&0,0$ 0$ *$ 7#&,# ( ),* 6 #%,* #;,(&B,7& (,&* ?@ 9!$ * %$& * $*"2 =#$)&,%$("$ 0$6&(&0 *< ,("$* %$*% 0$ *$ 7 (-$7$# * .?$"&) * , *$#$% ,57,(1,0 *>
*&;(&6&7, 7#&,# &(*"&"!&1J$* 6 #"$* $ $*"@)$&*< %,*< 9!$ (2 =# % )$% * .?$"&) * 0 0$*$() 5)&%$(" $7 (X%&7 I* 7&,5>
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
R N>
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
,#, ,#,)&, M < => NK “a administração para o desenvolvimento seria, simplesmente, uma valiosa perspectiva referida aos meios administrativos necessários para atingir as metas do desenvolvimento político, econômico e social”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
“Construir o nexo entre programas e organizações implica o mapeamento fino das complexas teias de relações entre programas e organizações (ou a definição de quais estruturas suportam a implementação de tais programas, de como estabelecer coerência e coordenação entre diferentes estruturas no âmbito de um mesmo programa, de como comprometer as estruturas, etc.)”M < < => SN>
2.4 +ova Gestão Pública
), $*"2 !.5&7, M !5ew Public ManagementN + !% "$%, 9!$ ;$#, .,*",("$ 0$.,"$< ! *$?,< (2 -@ !% 7 (*$(* * .#$ *$ *$#&, !%, 7&8(7&,< !%, "$ #&, ! ,=$(,* !% 7 (?!(" 0$ &0+&,*< %!&",* )$B$* 0&)$#;$("$*> ), $*"2 D.5&7, + !% % )&%$(" 9!$ "$)$ *!, #&;$% 5&;,0, C* %!0,(1,* 9!$ 7 %$1,#,% , 7 ##$# (,* ,0%&(&*"#,1J$* =D.5&7,* 0$ ,5;!(* =,A*$* , =,#"&# 0, 0+7,0, 0$ R < =#&(7&=,5%$("$< ( * *",0 * (&0 *< (;5,"$##,< ), ^$5Q(0&, $ !*"#@5&,>
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
,#, 3#$0$#&7L* ( M N , =# =J$ ,0&7& (,# !% 7 %= ($("$ C ,0%&(&*"#,12 =D.5&7, "#,0&7& (,5< 9!$ =,!",I*$ =$5, #,7& (,5&0,0$ 0, $6&7&8(7&, $ $7 ( %&7&0,0$> **$ 7 %= ($("$ *$#&, , $9!&0,0$ * 7&,5< 9!$ &(75!& ,"&)&0,0$* =# ?$",0,* =,#, ,!%$(",# = 0$# = 5A"&7 $ .$% $*",# $7 (X%&7 0,* %&( #&,*< =#&(7&=,5%$("$< 0,9!$5,* 7 % = !7 = 0$# 0$ =#$**2 ( =# 7$** 0$7&*E#& 0,* = 5A"&7,* =D.5&7,*>
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
,#B$5,G M ,N 0$6$(0$ , &0+&, 0$ 9!$ = 0$% $*7 (0$#I*$< =$5 %$( *< "#8* 0&6$#$("$* &("$(7& (,5&0,0$* (, !"&5&B,12 *$%Q("&7, 0, $:=#$**2 ), $*"2 D.5&7,K
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
I , "$#7$&#, *$#&, 7 %=5$",%$("$ ( #%,"&), $ &0$("&6&7, , ( ), ;$*"2 =D.5&7, 7 % !% % 0$5 < ! *$?,< 7 % !%, *+#&$ 0$ =#&(7A=& *< = 5A"&7,* $ "+7(&7,* =,#, %,($? 0 *$" # =D.5&7 9!$ *$ 7 (*&0$#,% *!=$#& #$* $ 7!?, ,=5&7,12 &%=5A7&", ! $:=5&7&",%$("$ *$ #$7 %$(0,#&,>
**,* &("$(7& (,5&0,0$*< %!&",* )$B$*< 7 ##$% $% 7 (?!(" < ! *$?,< !%, (2 $:75!& ,* 0$%,&*< ( $(",(" < 7,0, !%, "$% 0&6$#$("$* &%=5&7,1J$*> 5+% 0&** < 7,0, =,A* $(7 ("#,I*$ $% !% $*"@;& 0&6$#$("$ 0$ $) 5!12 $ = # &** (2 = 0$I*$ 0&B$# 9!$ -@ !%, 7 ()$#;8(7&, (,* =# = *",* !"&5&B,0,* = # 7,0, !%>
,#B$5,G M .N 0$6&($< $("2 < , 0$ %,($&#, ,.*"#,",< 7 % !% 7,%= 0$ 0$.,"$ =# 6&**& (,5 $ 0$ = 5A"&7,*< 0$ =# ?$12 &("$#(,7& (,5< ,7$#7, 0$ "$%,* #$5,"&) * C ;$*"2 =D.5&7,< &(75!&(0 = 5A"&7,* 0$ ;$*"2 =D.5&7,< 5&0$#,(1, $:$7!"&),< 0$*$(- #;,(&B,7& (,5 $ =$#,1J$* ; )$#(,%$(",&*>
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
$#7$.$I*$< = #",(" < 9!$ , *$ 7 %=J$ 0$ !% 7 (?!(" 0$ &0+&,* (2 &;!,5%$("$ 7 %=,#"&5-,0,*< %,*< 9!$ 0$("#$ ,* =#&(7&=,&* = 0$% *$# &(0&7,0,* 7 % 6!(0,%$(" * =,#, , %$5- #&, 0, ;$*"2 =D.5&7, , #&$(",12 = # #$*!5",0 *< , 65$:&.&5&0,0$< , 0$5$;,12 < %$( # 6 7 ( * =# 7$0&%$(" * $ %,& # 6 7 ( * =# 0!" * $ #$*!5",0 *< , #$*= (*,.&5&B,12 0 * ;$#$("$* ",(" =$5 * #$*!5",0 * 7 % =$5 * #$7!#* * !"&5&B,0 * =,#, ."8I5 *>
$*"#!"!#,* 0&6$#$(7&,0,* M4 Y 4 < P 4 Y F / < < ,=!0 Y < N>
% 5&(-,* ;$#,&*< , ), $*"2 D.5&7, )$& &0$("&6&7,# !%, *+#&$ 0$ "$%,* 0&#&;&0 * C #$6 #%, 0,* #;,(&B,1J$* $ 0 * =# 7$0&%$(" * ( *$" # =D.5&7 )&*,(0 ,!%$(" 0$ *!, 7 %=$"&"&)&0,0$ $ $6&7&8(7&, (, !"&5&B,12 0$ *$!* #$7!#* * $ (, =#$*",12 0$ *$#)&1 * C * 7&$0,0$> 4 0 M N 0$6&($ *$"$ =#$7$&" * M ! 0 !"#&(,*N 9!$ ,=,#$7$% (, %,& #&, 0,* 0&*7!**J$* ,7$#7, 0, < 7 (6 #%$ ,.$5, >
,.$5, I %= ($("$* 0 !"#&(@#& * 0, ), $*"2 D.5&7,
!"#&(, &;(&6&7,0 F!*"&6&7,"&), "&5&B,12 0$ ;$*"2
=# 6&**& (,5 0,* #;,(&B,1J$* =D.5&7,*
$#$("$* )&*A)$&* ( " = 0, #;,(&B,12 < 5&)#$* =,#, ;$#&# !"&5&B,(0 = 0$# 0&*7#&7& (@#&
Accountability#$9!$# 75,#, ,"#&.!&12 0$ #$*= (*,.&5&0,0$* $
(2 0&6!*2 0$ = 0$# ,0#J$* $:=5A7&" * $
%$(*!#,12 0, =$#6 #%,(7$
$",* $ .?$"&) * .$% 0$6&(&0 * $ %$(*!#@)$&* = # %$& 0$
&(0&7,0 #$* 0$ *!7$**
Accountability*&;(&6&7, ,5) * 75,#,%$("$ 0$6&(&0 *P $6&7&8(7&,
#$9!$# !% 6 #"$ 5-,# * .#$ * .?$"&) *
#,(0$ 8(6,*$ ( * 7 ("# 5$* 0$ =# 0!" *
MoutputsN
5 7,12 0$ #$7!#* * $ #$7 %=$(*,* *2 5&;,0,* C
=$#6 #%,(7$
$7$**&0,0$ 0$ =#$**& (,# =$5 ,57,(7$ 0$ #$*!5",0 * %,&* 0 9!$
= # =# 7$** * $*7$("#,5&B,12 0$*,I
;#$;,12 0$ !(&0,0$* ( *$" # =D.5&7
$*,;#$;,# *$" # =D.5&7 $% !(&0,0$* 7 #= #,"&),* 0$ ,"&)&0,0$< #;,(&B,0,* = # =# 0!" * 7 % 7 ("# 5$ * .#$ *$!
#1,%$("
#(,# ,* !(&0,0$* ,!" I ;$#$(7&@)$&*P 0&)&0&# , =# )&*2 $
, =# 0!12 < !"&5&B,(0 7 ("#," * ! 6#,(9!&,* ",(" 0$("# 9!,("
6 #, 0 *$" # =D.5&7 !*7,# !%, ;#,(0$
7 %=$"&12 ( *$" # =D.5&7
!0,# =,#, 7 ("#," * 7 % 75@!*!5,* .$% 0$6&(&0,* $ =# 7$0&%$(" * =D.5&7 * $*=$7&,5&B,0 *P &("# 0!12 0$ 0&*7&=5&(,* 0$ %$#7,0 ( *$" #
=D.5&7
(7$("&),# , #&),5&0,0$ )&, 7 %=$"&12 7 % *$(0 , 7-,)$
=,#, %$( #$* 7!*" * $ %$5- #$* =,0#J$*
_(6,*$ ( $*"&5 0$ ;$*"2 =#@"&7, 0 *$" #
=#&),0
,&# 0, +"&7, 0 *$#)&1 =D.5&7 "#,0&7& (,5 =,#, #$;#,* %,&*
65$:A)$&* 0$ =,;,%$(" < 7 ("#,",12 < $"7>
$7$**&0,0$ 0$ ,=5&7,# 6$##,%$(",* 0$ ;$*"2 0 *$" #
=#&),0 ?@ "$*",0,*< ( *$" # =D.5&7
_(6,*$ (, %$5- #, 0, 0&*7&=5&(, $ 0, $7 ( %&, ( !* 0 *
#$7!#* * ( *$" # =D.5&7
#",# 7!*" * 0&#$" *< 0&%&(!&# "#$&(,%$(" *< 5&%&",# 7!*" * 0$ 7 (6 #%&0,0$ =,#, * ($;E7& *
$7$**&0,0$ 0$ 7-$7,# ,* 0$%,(0,* = # #$7!#* * 0 *$" # =D.5&7 < $ 6,B$# %,&* 7 % %$( *
3 ("$K 4 M N< => >
"$% !%, 7#$(1, 7$("#,5 0$ 9!$ , =# )&*2 0$ *$#)&1 * =D.5&7 * *$#@ %$5- #,0, =$5, &("# 0!12 0,* %!0,(1,* 5&*",0,* (, ,.$5, 9!$< (, )$#0,0$< *$#)$ =,#, "#,(*6 #%,# ",(" , $*"#!"!#, #;,(&B,7& (,5 9!,(" * =# 7$** * !"&5&B,0 * =,#, , =#$*",12 0$ *$#)&1 * 0,* #;,(&B,1J$* =D.5&7,*>
%, "$(","&), 0$ 75,**&6&7,12 0, ), $*"2 D.5&7, 6 & =# = *", = # (; Y 7-$.,##&, M N< 0$ ,7 #0 7 % "&= ! % 0$5 0$ #$6 #%, ,0 ",0 =$5 * 0&6$#$("$* =,A*$*> * % 0$5 * *2 K
S
H$.$#&,( 0$ ,0%&(&*"#,12 =D.5&7,< 9!$ ,*=&#, C #$,5&B,12 0 *",0 0$ &#$&" %$0&,("$ , 7 (6&;!#,12 0$ !%, .!# 7#,7&, =#$0$"$#%&(,0, $% *!, ,12 ( #%,"&),< =,#, ;,#,("&# !%, ,=5&7,12 !(&6 #%$ $ .?$"&), 0 #0$(,%$(" ?!#A0&7 > *$#)&1 7&)&5< 7 % *&*"$%, 0$ %+#&" < 9!$ *,5),;!,#0, =# 6&**& (,5&*% $ , &(0$=$(08(7&, 0 * *$#)&0 #$* 6#$("$ , = 0$# = 5A"&7 < + , &(*"&"!&12 7$("#,5 0$#&),0, 0$*"$ % 0$5 > M3&;!#, N
I 0$5 6&7&$("&*",K "$% *!, 6 ("$ 0$ &(*=&#,12 ( management 7&$("A6&7 $ "+7(&7 0 =#&(7A=& 0 *+7!5 < 7!? $%.5$%, + , 5&(-, 0$ % (",;$%> !, ,=5&7,12 , *$" # =D.5&7 *!=J$ , #$=# 0!12 0 )$5- $*9!$%, %,9!&(,5 0, .!# 7#,7&, &(0!*"#&,5< ,"#,)+* 0$ %$0&0,* $:,!*"&),* 0$ #$7!#* *< =# 7$** * $ #$*!5",0 *< 0 =5,($?,%$(" $*"#&" 0,* ,"&)&0,0$* $ 0 0&%$(*& (,%$(" E"&% 0 * #$7!#* *> *"$ + % 0$5 0$ ;$*"2 9!$ $*"@ = # "#@* 0$ 0&)$#*,* &(&7&,"&),* 0$ %$0&12 $ ,),5&,12 0$ #$(0&%$(" *< *&*"$%,* #1,%$("@#& * $ 0$ 7 ("# 5$*< #$$(;$(-,#&, 0$ =# 7$** * ,0%&(&*"#,"&) *< %$5- #, (, 0&*"#&.!&12 0$ #$7!#* * -!%,( *< $"7>> !"&5&B,12 0 % 0$5 $6&7&$("&*", "$% ),(",;$(* $ &(7 ()$(&$("$*< 0$ ,7 #0 7 % 5!;,# $ , 6 #%, 7 % + ,=5&7,0 > # !% 5,0 + !%, $*"#,"+;&, 7 $#$("$ 7 % , .!*7, 0$ 0&*7&=5&(, #1,%$("@#&, $% =$#A 0 * 0$ 7#&*$ 6&*7,5 $ =$#%&"$ 0$*$() 5)$# !%, ,%=5, &(6#,$*"#!"!#, 0$ &(6 #%,12 =,#, $6$&" * 0$ %$0&12 $ 7 ("# 5$> # !"# 5,0 < #$0!7& (&*% !(&6 #%&B,0 + , "$(",12 $:,;$#,0, 0 * *$;!&0 #$* 0$*"$ % 0$5 < 9!$ * 6,B =$(*,# 9!$ " 0,* ,* ,"&)&0,0$* =D.5&7,* = 0$% *$# #$7 (0!B&0,* , !%, 5&(-, 0$ % (",;$%> M3&;!#, SN
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
3&;!#, I 0$5 0$ $6 #%, F!#A0&7 I ,#,("&0 # MODELO JURÍDICO MODELO JURÍDICOMODELO JURÍDICO
MODELO JURÍDICO----GARANTIDORGARANTIDORGARANTIDORGARANTIDOR
L ) &M) ! % %- )- % 7 .%-L %7 % @ 9! - = &M )&-L %/) &-0 - % / &% ) !
L /%-- 1 08 & L / 01) &#&*& )
%-L - ) / 0 0
L *% & % / *% $ &/&)*
L &7&/) ! % & %& -L %-1 -)#&*& ) %
1) &0 &)*
L %9 )0% 1 /%-- % %/&-! L /% &0% / 0 0
L ( )*%/&0% - / *%- & % - % %N % - % %9 *) & ) %
3 ("$K (; M TN>
3&;!#, S ' 0$5 0$ $6 #%, 6&7&$("&*",
MODELO EFICIENTISTA MODELO EFICIENTISTAMODELO EFICIENTISTA MODELO EFICIENTISTA
L % ! % %-
)-L % )*&M) ! % -% '& - / 0 -L N % )*&M) ! % % '&
-L % &0% -& )0% ) 7 ) % )#)*=
L & / *) ! % -)*E & - ) 1 &'& ) %
L )/& )0% % % '& -L 01 -& ! % ) &7)-L () )0% % 1 %- )
.%-L )0% 1 1 9 )0)O #$% &' -L )#&*& ) % % /
-L & &)- % 9%- !
3&;!#, ' 0$5 0$ $6 #%, ("#,"!,5&*",
MODELO CONTRATUALISTA MODELO CONTRATUALISTA MODELO CONTRATUALISTA MODELO CONTRATUALISTA
L %*&0& ) ! 1 *F &/)O9%- ! P1 & /&1)*H )9% %Q
L 9 1)0% 1 0% /) -L 01% & ! % % 7 %/%
%-L %- ! % 1%-- )* %-/% )*&M) ) L ! % 1 E
&/)-
7*%NF'%&-L %-% ' *'&0% & % &'
L &' % -%*% ! % 1 %- ) .%-L %& - )98&- % %/*)0) ! %
/ 01% -) !
L 0&) 9% % /&)* L ) - % 9%- ! L *% % %- * )
-MODELO CONTRATUALISTA MODELO CONTRATUALISTA MODELO CONTRATUALISTA MODELO CONTRATUALISTA
L %*&0& ) ! 1 *F &/)O9%- ! P1 & /&1)*H )9% %Q
L 9 1)0% 1 0% /) -L 01% & ! % % 7 %/%
%-L %- ! % 1%-- )* %-/% )*&M) ) L ! % 1 E
&/)-
7*%NF'%&-L %-% ' *'&0% & % &'
L &' % -%*% ! % 1 %- ) .%-L %& - )98&- % %/*)0) ! %
/ 01% -) !
L 0&) 9% % /&)* L ) - % 9%- ! L *% % %- * )
-3 (&#-34;$K (; M TN>
3&;!#, ' 0$5 0$ $6 #%, $#)&1,5
MODELO SERVIÇAL MODELO SERVIÇAL MODELO SERVIÇAL MODELO SERVIÇAL
L /=) )0% % %- )-L &-1 -& &' - ) -'% -)&-L - )- )#% )- P % %-Q
L &C %/&0% % /) 9 -L
L G 7)-% )- %C
&1%-L - 0% - % 9%- ! % C )*& ) %K /) ) % % '& -L %/) &-0 - % ' M L H1 ! / 0 E &
-L %-/% )*&M) ! '% &/)* % = &M )* L &-/ &/& ) &% ) % - 1 - % % /
MODELO SERVIÇAL MODELO SERVIÇAL MODELO SERVIÇAL MODELO SERVIÇAL
L /=) )0% % %- )-L &-1 -& &' - ) -'% -)&-L - )- )#% )- P % %-Q
L &C %/&0% % /) 9 -L
L G 7)-% )- %C
&1%-L - 0% - % 9%- ! % C )*& ) %K /) ) % % '& -L %/) &-0 - % ' M L H1 ! / 0 E &
-L %-/% )*&M) ! '% &/)* % = &M )* L &-/ &/& ) &% ) % - 1 - % % /
3 ("$K (; M TN>
T
%$( * #$*= (*@)$&* $ (2 *2 %,&* $6&7,B$* 9!$ ,("$*> !,* #,BJ$* *2 ,= (",0,*< ,%.,* #$5,7& (,0,* 7 % , "$ #&, 0,* ,;8(7&,*K
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
A orientação voltada ao alcance de resultados tende a institucionalizar&se, no entanto, o potencial das reformas orientadas a resultados foi superestimado no sentido de mudar o comportamento e a cultura da gestão publica, desconsiderando seus limites no que diz respeito ao desempenho do setor público. Existe um sério problema de credibilidade da informação acerca dos resultados e, além disso, os resultados devem conviver e não ofuscar outros valores da governança, tais como, a
equidadeM `< T< => SN.
2.5 A Governança
=,#"&# 0$ %$,0 * 0, 0+7,0, 0$ < 7 %$1 ! , *$ ,5,*"#,# =$5 %!(0 < %,*< =#&(7&=,5%$("$ ( * =,A*$* $!# =$!*< , &0+&, 0$ 9!$ , =,#"&7&=,12 0, * 7&$0,0$ (, )&0, = 5A"&7, $< %,&* $*=$7&6&7,%$("$< (, ,"!,12 ; )$#(,%$(",5< $#, =$1, 6!(0,%$(",5> " #$* * 7&,&* "8% *$ " #(,0 &(65!$("$* $< ; )$#( )$% =$#7$.$(0 9!$ 7 (7$&" "#,0&7& (,5< 0$ 9!$ *!,* ,"&)&0,0$* *2 ,=$(,* 7 ("# 5$ $ , #$;!5,12 0, )&0, * 7&,5< $*"@ !5"#,=,**,0 >
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
