The Effects of Adding Organic and Inorganic Selenium Concentration of Some Liver Enzymes in Rations for Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress Conditions

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International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research (IJBR) ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278–599X, Vol-7, Special Issue-Number2-April, 2016, pp1222-1225

http://www.bipublication.com

Research Article

The Effects of Adding Organic and Inorganic Selenium Concentration

of Some Liver Enzymes in Rations for Broiler Chickens

Under Heat Stress Conditions

Farhad Parvarsh*1, Mehrdad Modaresi2 and Majid Toghiani3

1

Student Department of Animalsciences Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, IRAN

email : [email protected]

2_{Associate Professor Department of Animalsciences Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch}

Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, IRAN

3_{Associate Professor Department of Animalsciences Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch}

Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, IRAN

ABSTRACT

In the present study, 490 broilers were studied. Treatments were control and six experimental groups including 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% levels of organic and mineral selenium, which were added to the diet of broilers underheat stress for 42 days.The concentrations of ALT, AST, and ALP enzymes were measured using theElisa Test. The ALT amount of organic 0.5%on day 20 was significantly different from mineral 0.1% and 0.5%groups. The AST amount of 0.1% organic was less than 0.1%mineral. ALP concentration on day 20 was more in 0.3% organic than 0.5% organic.Onday 40, theALTof mineral 0.3%had significant increase compared to the control group.This enzyme was significantly reduced in 0.1% organic group in proportion to 0.5% organic and 0.5% mineralgroups. The ALP amount of 0.5% organic group showed significant difference in comparison to the control group. Results indicated that the selenium from organic or mineral sources can affect liver enzymes dose dependently.

Keywords: Organic Selenium, Mineral Selenium, Liver Enzymes, Broilers, Heat Stress

INTRODUCTION

Liver is one of the appendices of gastrointestinal tract. Amongthe body organs,liver is the largest and the most important organ. Sometimes, liver is called the second heart. All metabolic actions are performed in liver directly or at least are affected by it including contribution in digestion and absorption of nutrients such as fats, which are affected by liver more than other nutrients. Sugars enter the blood after intestineand are transferred to liver. In liver, sugars are combined and complexsugars or animal starch are made

(glycogen).Making enzymes, vitamins and

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The Effects of Adding Organic and Inorganic Selenium Concentration of Some Liver Enzymes in Rations for Broiler Chickens

Farhad Parvarsh, et al. 1223 In some cases, the detoxification of metabolites by

thecytochrome p450 enzymes of liver

microsomescauses active poisonous metabolites, which damage different tissues such as liver. Other activities of liver are resistance against infections, providing the energy in time of necessity, and iron saving. Liver is one of the most active organs of the body and is affected in various ways by pathogens.Poisons, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and nutrient deficits affect liver and can destroy its tissue partly or totally (3.) Enzymes are substances, which facilitate chemical reactions. Most of enzymes transfer chemical groups from one molecule to another and change molecules actions.The most important liver enzymes are aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). These enzymes exist in liver cells or membranes and perform their tasks. The destruction of liver cells releases the enzymes in blood and increases their levels (3.)The first step in diagnosing liver injuries is a simple blood test, which showsthe existence of enzymes . In normal situation, these enzymes exist in liver cells, but damaging the liver releases the enzymes in blood. The most frequent and sensitive liver diagnosing enzymes are aminotransferasesincluding aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT or AST) and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT or ALT).

The increased blood level of enzymes is a sign of liver injuries.SGPT is a specific liver, enzyme which exists in cytosol and is measured as the indicator of liver cells. Alkalinephosphatase exists in most tissues and is increased by liver diseases. The amount of increase is differentdepending on the disease (3.)Few researches existon the effects of organic and mineral selenium on liver enzyme.Using selenium and sodium bicarbonate supplements under heat stress show that the concentration of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase was affected by selenomethionineand this reduced abdominal fat and liver’s relative weight.In

addition,adding selenomethionineand sodium

bicarbonate to broilers diet under heat stress had

advantages for the biochemical traits of blood and

their performances (4.)The experimental

treatments of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% mg/kg selenium in diet indicated that selenium decreased broilers’ growth by liver controlling and the amount of protein degradation in skeleton muscles was affected by T3 via selenium and tended to increase, therefore,the concentration of T3 in blood plasma was decreased (5).

In a studyon the effect of glutathione peroxidase on broilers tissue (by selenium in diet), organic selenium reduced the activity of enzyme in liver and blood plasma (6).Fu-xicing et al. (2009) in a study onthe effect of Nano-selenium on selenium concentration and antioxidant effect of broilers’ liver reported that Nano-seleniumconsiderably increased total antioxidant ability, glutathione peroxidase andsuperoxide dismutase activity, and free radicals prohibition (7).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Farhad Parvarsh, et al. 1224 heat stressadaptation, random hours of stresswere

also enforced.23:1 light: darkness period was used.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The mean comparison resultsof treatments’ effects on serum enzymes on the 20th day are presented in Table 1.

Table1: Mean comparison of serumenzymes (20th day)

Treatments ALP(U/L) AST(U/mL) ALT(U/mL) Control

15335.4 ab ab211.0 abc1.5 1

. 0 %

Organic se ab14600.6 b202.9 bc_1.2

3 . 0 %

Organic se a16567.5 a220.6 ab1.6 5

. 0 %

Organic se b13144.9 ab216.9 c_1.1

1 . 0 %

In organic se ab15501.7 a_221.7 a_1.7

3 . 0 % In organic se

ab14920.0 ab_207.2 ab_1.6

ab15546.7 ab217.8 a1.8 Standard error

343.015 2.597 0.075

According to the results, organic and mineral selenium did not affect ALT, AST and ALP enzymes on the 20th day (p<0.05), but considering the results of serum concentration of ALT, 0.5% organic group significantly had less ALT amountthan0.3% organic and all mineral groups (p<0.05).The serum concentration of AST enzyme was significantly less in 0.1% organic in proportion to 0.3% organic and 0.1% mineral groups (p<0.05). As observed in Table 4-5, the highest ALP increase belonged to 0.3% organic group, which was not significant (p<0.05),but 0.3% organic significantly had more ALP than 0.5% organic(p<0.05).The results of the present study are in agreement with Mahmoud and Edens’ results(2003)on the effects of selenium resources on changes caused by heat stress in relation to age, oxidation cycle, blood decrease and liver glutathione of broilers. They reported that broilers, which were fed with organic selenium and selenium yeast had more glutathione peroxidase activity in their liver and blood and organic

selenium was more useful than inorganic selenium (8).Reports indicatethatyeast enriched by selenium reduces the amount of liver enzymes (ALT, ALP and AST), which prohibits tissue damages at the time of receiving carcinogen (9). In the present study, the highest ALP increase also belonged to0.3 organic group, which was not significant in proportion to the control group, but this treatment was significantly more than 0.5% organic (8).According to Table 2,at the age of 40 days,

0.3% mineral groupaffected ALT activity

concentration and increased significantly it in proportion to control group (p<0.05).Mineral and organic selenium levels did not affect AST in proportion to the control group, but 0.5% organic group increased it significantly in proportion to 0.1% organic and 0.5% mineral (p<0.05). ALP amount was affected by treatments and 0.5% organic group was reduced significantly in proportion to the control group (p<0.05). It was also significantly less than0.1% and 0.3% organic

and 0.5% mineral groups (p<0.05)

Table2: Mean comparison of serum enzymes (40th day)

Treatments ALP(U/L) AST(U/mL) ALT(U/mL)

Control

a_6064.3 ab_222.4 b_1.0

1 . 0 %

Organic se a5168.9 b199.4 ab1.2

3 . 0 %

Organic se a5444.7 ab238.1 ab1.1

5 . 0 %

Organic se c3426.3 a258.7 ab1.2

1 . 0 %

In organic se abc4665.0 ab_223.3 ab_1.2

bc3588.3 ab_231.0 a_1.4

ab4836.3 b216.9 ab1.2

Standard error

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Farhad Parvarsh, et al. 1225 The results of the present study onthe advantages

of organic selenium on the biochemical properties of blood and liver enzymes are in agreementwith

the study, which reported that

selenomethionineaffects the antioxidant enzymes of blood including glutathione peroxidase and

superoxide dismutase (4).Some researchers

reported the amount of ALT as 1.44 and 1.47 for days 20 and 42.Therefore, inthisstudy, heat stress in 42 day increased the ALT amount but using selenium in0.3% mineral group could adjust this enzyme to normal level (6).

In another study, AST has reported approximately

14.62(u /ml), which showed considerable

increased, but 0.1% organic selenium had lower AST amount.It seems that heat stress causes specific changes in the ALT and AST amounts in broilers, but organic and mineral selenium can adjust these enzymes dose dependently (10).

CONCLUSION

1- Heat stress increased ALT, but mineral selenium in 0.3% % dosemade it relatively normal.

2- AST and ALP were increased under heat stress, but organic selenium adjusted them dose dependently.

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