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1. Introduction
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1.1. History of household appliance standards and labels
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Table 1. Overview of the Appliances Standard History. G
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1.2. Worldwide energy efficiency program for clothes washers
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1.3. Electricity consumption for Malaysia’s domestic sector
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Fig. 1. Average Energy Used by Various Appliances for 180 m2 Terrace House.
2. Methodology
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Fig. 2. Typical Steps in the Process of Developing Consumer Product Energy-Efficiency Standards and Label.
2.1. Experimental procedures
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2.2. Label design
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3.Results and Discussion
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Table 2. Energy Consumption of Different Test Units.
Load (kg)
Energy Consumptions of Different Models (Wh/cycle) Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6 1 75' 0 6 '0 '25 0 ' 0 7 ' 0 55'0
2 5 '5 65'67 D'0 0 2'20 5D'72 0 ' 6
3 0'2 ' 0 0'62 0 6' 0 02 '52 0 '52
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3.1. Development of energy efficiency standards
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Fig. 3. Energy Use per Cycle of Clothes Washers is Shown
as a Function of Load.
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Table 3. Proposed Energy Efficiency Standards for Clothes Washers.
Model Average Load (load) Average energy consumption (Wh/cycle) ( ) Unit energy consumption (Wh/cycle) ( ) Baseline energy consumption (Wh/cycle) (∑ /6) Baseline unit energy (Wh/cycle) (∑ /6) Standard unit energy (10% efficient over baseline) (Wh/kg/cycle)
1 3 87 29
108 32 29
2 3.5 105 30
3 3.5 102 29
4 3 107 36
5 3.5 111 32
6 3.5 135 38
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3.2. Development of energy efficiency labels
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Table 4. Labeling Survey Output.
Labeling Types Number of
Respondents %
Star Labeling 2 05' D
Letter Bin Labeling 60 '
Speedometer Labeling D5 7'60
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Fig. 4. Star Labeling.
Fig. 5. Letter Bin Labelling.
Fig. 6. Speedometer Labeling.
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4. Conclusions
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Acknowledgement
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References
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