* G'"H'1()I( !"#$%&'(:),$(/E DJAK$1L,+$()(J1'M)--'1(!'(G):$1H$I)3H'(!)(G+!NH+#$( )(!'(J1'O1$I$(!)(JP-=O1$!"$%&'()I( !"#$%&'(!$(*$#",!$!)(!)(*+,'-'.$()(Q+R3#+$-(=( /E DJAK$1L,+$6( =I$+,S(O),$I'TOI$+,6#'I(
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!"#$%# !&"!'%( $ '%)!# !*+)$%(,!-.!*+"/"! (0)+! $ *+"!)(1-.)$!&)$!2+%#3%2)%$!4"#&5#3%)$!# !
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Rodrigo Pelloso Gelamo*
RESUMO
W(:1':P-+H'(!)--)($1H+O'(X(#'I:1))3!)1('(I'!'(#'I'('()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$( X(:)3-$!'(3$($H"$,+!$!)(01$-+,)+1$4($(I$3)+1$(:'1(I)+'(!'(U"$,('(:)3-$I)3H'( -'01)()--)()3-+3'(H)I(-)(#'3-H+H"L!'(3'()-:$%'($#$!RI+#'(!$-(:)-U"+-$-( -'01)('($--"3H'()($-(U")-HY)-(U")(-&'(!)0$H+!$-(:),'-(:)-U"+-$!'1)-(!)--$( N1)$6( J$1$( +--'4( $:1)-)3H$1)I'-( "I( ',Z$1( -'01)( $,O"I$-( H)3!R3#+$-( 3'( !)0$H)(U")(M'+(1)$,+B$!'(3'([1$-+,4(#'I('('0@)H+5'(!)($:'3H$1($,O"3-(!'-( :1+3#+:$+-( :$1$!+OI$-( U")( 3'1H)$1$I( $-( !+M)1)3H)-( $0'1!$O)3-( -'01)( '( )3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$6(Q'3#'1!$I'-(U")()--)(1)#'1H)(:'!)(3&'(1):1)-)3H$1( o todo(!$(!+-#"--&'(-'01)('($--"3H'4(I$-4(!)(#)1H'(I'!'4(:'!)(-)15+1(!)( L3!+#)(:$1$()3H)3!)1I'-('(U")(M'+(M)+H'(3)--)(!)0$H)6
2)()/+)$=30)/",( 3-+3'( !$( *+,'-'.$6( J)3-$I)3H'( 01$-+,)+1'6(
Educação.
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approaches on the teaching of philosophy. We agree that this frame may 3'H(1):1)-)3H(HZ)(]Z',)(!+-#"--+'34(0"H4(+3($(]$\4(+H(#$3(0)($3(+3!)_(M'1("-( to understand what has been done in this debate.
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E'([1$-+,($(:1'!"%&'(H)P1+#$(-'01)($(H)INH+#$(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$( é bem recente e ainda bastante restrita.1 Ao iniciarmos o levantamento
0+0,+'O1N.#'( -'01)( '( $--"3H'4( 3'H$I'-( U")( $( I$+'1( #'3#)3H1$%&'( !$-( :)-U"+-$-( )-HN( 3$-( :1'!"%Y)-( !)( :)-U"+-$!'1)-( ,+O$!'-( a( *+,'-'.$( !$( )!"#$%&'4()I(-"$(I$+'1+$(.,P-'M'-(!)(M'1I$%&'4(I$-(U")($H"$I(3$(N1)$(!$( )!"#$%&'6(V:)3$-("I$(:)U")3$(:$1H)(!$U"+,'(U")(H+5)I'-($(':'1H"3+!$!)( !)( $3$,+-$1( M'+( !)-)35',5+!$( :'1( .,P-'M'-( 5+3#",$!'-( $'-( #"1-'-( !)( *+,'-'.$6( I0'1$()3#'3H1)I'-($,O"I$-(:"0,+#$%Y)-(!)--)-(.,P-'M'-(-'01)( '( $--"3H'4( ),$-( )-H&'( I$+-( #)3H1$!$-( 3$-( U")-HY)-( :',LH+#'=)!"#$#+'3$+-( #'3#)13)3H)-( a( +I:'1H23#+$( !$( *+,'-'.$( )( !'( -)"( )3-+3'( 3$( M'1I$%&'( !'(#+!$!&'4(H)I$(1)#'11)3H)(!)-!)('(.3$,(!'-($3'-(<bF?62 A despeito da
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)!"#$#+'3$,(!'-(#"1-'-(!)(*+,'-'.$4(3'(U")(!+B(1)-:)+H'()-:)#+.#$I)3H)(
1(Q'I'(0)I('0-)15$I(e$,,'()(c'Z$3(f7???g4($'(-)(1)M)1+1)I($'()3-+3'(-)#"3!N1+'4( h$(0+0,+'O1$.$(X(:$1#$4(#'I'(0)I(-$0)(U"$,U")1(:1'M)--'1(U")4($3O"-H+$!'(M1)3H)(a( )-.3O)(!$(-$,$(!)($",$4(H)3H$(0"-#$1(3'-(,+51'-("I($,)3H'(:$1$(-)"(H1$0$,Z'(#'H+!+$3'4( "I$( M'1I$( !)( I),Z'1( M"3!$I)3H$1( -"$( :1NH+#$( !'#)3H)6( i( #)1H'( U")( H)I'-( 5N1+'-( I$3"$+-(:$1$('()3-+3'(!)(.,'-'.$(3)--)(3L5),()(I)-I'($,O"3-(0'3-(I$3"$+-6(K$-($( :1'!"%&'(.,'-P.#$(-'01)('()3-+3'(!$(.,'-'.$4()3H1)(3P-4($+3!$(X(:1$H+#$I)3H)(3",$6j( f:6(kg6(E$(3'H$(!)(1'!$:X(!$(I)-I$(:NO+3$(M$B)I('(-)O"+3H)()-#,$1)#+I)3H'(hC--'(-)( não considerarmos uma produção até razoável de dissertações de mestrado e teses de !'"H'1$!'(-'01)('(H)I$(3)--)(:)1L'!'6( --$-(!+--)1H$%Y)-()(H)-)-4(:'1XI4(1$1$I)3H)( #'3-)O")I( !)+_$1( $-( )-H$3H)-( !$-( 0+0,+'H)#$-4( #Z)O$3!'( a-( I&'-( !'( :1'M)--'1( !)( .,'-'.$(U")()-HN()I(-$,$(!)($",$6j(l"$3!'('($--"3H'(X('()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$(3'-(#"1-'-( -":)1+'1)-($(0+0,+'O1$.$($+3!$(X(I$+-(1)-H1+H$6
2(V(!+-#"--&'(-'01)($(+I:'1H23#+$(!$(*+,'-'.$(-)(!)5)(a(1)H+1$!$(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$( !'( 3-+3'( KX!+'6( ['$( :$1H)( !'-( H)_H'-( U")( M'1$I( :"0,+#$!'-( !"1$3H)( )--)( :)1L'!'( :1'#"1$I4( !)( $,O"I( I'!'4( "I$( -)3-+0+,+B$%&'( !$( +I:'1H23#+$( !)--)( -$0)1( :$1$( $( formação humana.
a( M'1I$%&'( !'-( -)"-( )-H"!$3H)-4( )--)( H)I$( -)I:1)( X( H1$H$!'( #'I'( "I( problema de menor importância para a !"#$#%&4(-)3!'()--$(H$1)M$(!)+_$!$( :$1$('-(h)!"#$!'1)-j(p(:)!$O'O'-()(.,P-'M'-(!$()!"#$%&'6(`$,5)B("I(!'-( I'H+5'-(:$1$(H&'(:'"#$-(:"0,+#$%Y)-(-)@$(@"-H$I)3H)('(M$H'(!)($-(U")-HY)-( !'( )3-+3'( !$( *+,'-'.$( -)1)I( )3H)3!+!$-( #'I'('()$*+)$, )-(.&.!#/&!$4( '( U")( :'--+5),I)3H)( $-( !+-H$3#+$1+$( !'-(01#2")3&$, %"#$4%.#$6(V--+I4( $( *+,'-'.$( :'!)1+$( -)( '#":$1( !)( U")-HY)-( hI$+-( +I:'1H$3H)-j( )( ),)5$!$-( #'I'($(K)H$ML-+#$4($(H)'1+$(!'(#'3Z)#+I)3H'4($(iH+#$4(!)(M'1I$(O)1$,()4( :1+3#+:$,I)3H)4($(d+-HP1+$(!$(*+,'-'.$6
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fVEJW*g4(M"3!$!$( em março de 1983.4(E'H$I'-(U")4(!$(-"$(M"3!$%&'($HX(7??F4(3"3#$(Z'"5)(
3$(VEJW*("I(Grupo de Trabalho fe`g5(U")(H1$H$--)()-:)#+.#$I)3H)(!'(
)3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$()(!)(-)"-(:1'0,)I$-(#'11),$H'-6(V:)3$-()I(7??F(M'+( criado um espaço para a discussão sobre essa temática com a fundação
4(QM6(:NO+3$('.#+$,(!$(VEJW*(!+-:'3L5),()IS(]]]6$3:'M6'1O6016
!'( e`4( !"#$#<&1, ), )/$!/&1, &, %"#$#<&1=,A própria escolha do nome foi -+O3+.#$H+5$4("I$(5)B(U")(3'I)$1('(e`(!)(h)3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$j(:'!)1+$( #$"-$1("I$(#'3M"-&'(#'I($,O"I(H)I$(!$(*+,'-'.$(!$()!"#$%&'4('"($,O"I$( $:1'_+I$%&'( #'I( :1'0,)I$-( !)( $:,+#$%&'( :)!$OPO+#$4( U")( )-#$:$--)( !'-(+3H)1)--)-(!$(*+,'-'.$4(!)+_$3!'(U")()-H)($--"3H'(#'3H+3"$--)(-)3!'( :)-U"+-$!'($:)3$-(3'-(:1'O1$I$-(!)()!"#$%&'66
V:)-$1( !'( $#)+H)( !$( VEJW*( )I( #1+$1( '( 1)M)1+!'( e`4( U"$3!'( analisamos a constituição de seu 8>.")#,-),$($*)/*&67#47(3'H$I'-(U")(),)(
X(#'I:'-H'(I$@'1+H$1+$I)3H)(:'1(:)-U"+-$!'1)-(U")()-H&'(5+3#",$!'-(a-( pós-graduações em educação8()(U")(!)-)35',5)I(:)-U"+-$-()I(*+,'-'.$( da Educação. Esse fato talvez possa evidenciar muito mais uma concessão :'1( :$1H)( !$( $--'#+$%&'( !'-( .,P-'M'-( )35',5+!'-( #'I( $( :P-=O1$!"$%&'( !)( U")( $,O"3-( :)-U"+-$!'1)-( !$( )!"#$%&'( :'--$I( !+-#"H+1( '-( :1'0,)I$-(
6(o$,)(1)--$,H$1(U")($:)3$-('(:1'O1$I$(!)(:P-=O1$!"$%&'()I()!"#$%&'(!$(/3+#$I:( H)I( #'I'( ,+3Z$( !)( :)-U"+-$( '( )3-+3'( !$( *+,'-'.$6( Q1+$!$( )I( 7??>4( H1$B( #'I'( :)-U"+-$!'1)-( D+,5+'( G'3+B)HH+( e$,,'4( n)3X( !$( D+,5)+1$( `1)3H+34( mL!+$( K$1+$( n'!1+O'()(n'0)1H'(e'H'6
7(W(Es#,)'(!)(-"-H)3H$%&'(!'(e`(X(#'I:'-H'(:'1("I(#''1!)3$!'1(U")(H)3Z$(HLH",'(!)( !'"H'1()(:'1(:),'(I)3'-(I$+-(#+3#'(:1'M)--'1)-A:)-U"+-$!'1)-(#'I(:)-U"+-$(3$(N1)$()( #'I(1)#'3Z)#+!$(#'I:)HR3#+$($#$!RI+#$6(tQM6(]]]6$3:'M6'1O601u6
!'( )3-+3'( !$( *+,'-'.$4( !'( U")( "I( 1)$,( +3H)1)--)( :),'( $--"3H'4( "I$( 5)B( U")( $:)3$-( "I( !'-( I)I01'-( !'( e`( !)-)35',5)( -"$-( :)-U"+-$-( )I( "I( :1'O1$I$(!)(:P-=O1$!"$%&'()I(*+,'-'.$69
W"H1'(+3!L#+'(!$(M$,H$(!)($H)3%&'(!'-(.,P-'M'-($'-(:1'0,)I$-(!'( )3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$(:'!)(-)1()3#'3H1$!'(3$(:'"#$('#'11R3#+$(!)(O1":'-(!)( :)-U"+-$(+3-#1+H'-(3'(QEJU(U")(-)(+3H+H",$I(O1":'-(!)(:)-U"+-$()I()3-+3'( !$(*+,'-'.$('"(U")(-)(!+-:Y)I($(:)-U"+-$1('($--"3H'6( _+-H)I4($H"$,I)3H)4( <;(O1":'-(+3-#1+H'-(3'(QEJU4('-(U"$+-(3$-(,+3Z$-(!)(:)-U"+-$()3#'3H1$I'-( a ocorrência da preocupação com o tema )/$!/#,-&, !"#$#%&()4(!)(M'1I$( I$+-(O)1$,4( !"#$#%&,),?-(.&67#6(G'-(1)M)1+!'-(O1":'-4($:)3$-(>($:'3H$I( como área predominante($(*+,'-'.$410()3U"$3H'(U")('-('"H1'-(9(+3!+#$I($( predominância na área de educação.(W(I)-I'('#'11)(U"$3!'($3$,+-$I'-( as produções de artigos sobre o assunto: a grande maioria é publicada em periódicos da área de educação ou em periódicos manifestamente interessados na interface !"#$#%&,),?-(.&67#.
`$,5)B4( $+3!$4( :$1H)( !)--)( :1'0,)I$( )-H)@$( 3'( I'!'( #'I'( $( $:1'_+I$%&'()3H1)($(*+,'-'.$()($-(U")-HY)-(!'()3-+3'('#'11)"(3'([1$-+,6(W(
9 Cf. Nota anterior.
+3L#+'(!'(U")-H+'3$I)3H'(.,'-P.#'(!'()3-+3'(p()(:'!)I'-(!+B)14(H$I0XI4( !'( )3-+3'( !$( *+,'-'.$( p( :'!)( -)1( 1)-O$H$!'( $( :$1H+1( !'-( H)_H'-( !)(V3L-+'( `)+_)+1$4(3'-(U"$+-($:1)-)3H$(-"$(H)'1+$()!"#$#+'3$,4()3H1)('-($3'-(!)(<b;?()( 1934.11(V:)-$1(!)(-"$(M'1I$%&'()I(Q+R3#+$-(w"1L!+#$-4(`)+_)+1$()35',5)"=-)(
#'I(U")-HY)-()!"#$#+'3$+-(3$([$Z+$()4(:'-H)1+'1I)3H)4(3'(n+'(!)(w$3)+1'( )( )I( [1$-L,+$6( W( :'3H'( M'1H)( !)( -"$( +3-)1%&'( 3$-( U")-HY)-( )!"#$#+'3$+-( foi a participação ativa no Manifesto dos pioneiros da escola nova4( )I( <b;76(G"1$3H)()--)(:)1L'!'4(`)+_)+1$(H1'"_)(:$1$($(!+-#"--&'()!"#$#+'3$,( 01$-+,)+1$($(:)1-:)#H+5$(:1$OI$H+-H$(!)(G)])\()(c+,:$H1+#z412 com o intuito
!)(M$B)1(!$()!"#$%&'()(!'()3-+3'("I(:1'0,)I$(.,'-P.#'6( I(#)1H'(-)3H+!'4( `)+_)+1$(+3$"O"1'"($(*+,'-'.$(!$( !"#$%&'(3'([1$-+,()($(:1)'#":$%&'(#'I($( $:1'_+I$%&'()3H1)($-(!+-#"--Y)-()!"#$#+'3$+-()(.,'-P.#$-6
J'1()--)(I'H+5'4(!"1$3H)(,'3O'(:)1L'!'4($(!+-#"--&'(-'01)('()3-+3'( !$(*+,'-'.$(I$3H)5)=-)(-"0I)H+!$(aU"),$-(M)+H$-(:),$(*+,'-'.$(!$( !"#$%&'4( $( 3&'( -)1( :'1( $,O"3-( $1H+O'-( )-:$1-'-( :"0,+#$!'-( :'1( :)-U"+-$!'1)-( #"@'( 5L3#",'( )1$( $:)3$-( #'I( $( *+,'-'.$( )( 3&'( #'I( $( *+,'-'.$( !$( !"#$%&'6( J'!)I'-( #+H$1( #'I'( )_)I:,'-( !)--$-( :1'!"%Y)-( '( $1H+O'( !)( K$"OyX4( @, )/$!/#, -&, !"#$#%&A, -(&$, -!1)*1!B)$4( :"0,+#$!'( 3$(Revista Brasileira -), !"#$#%&,f<b>>g4( )(5, $!*(&67#, -#, )/$!/#, %"#$4%.#, /#, C1&$!"4( !)( w'&'( Q1"B(Q'-H$(f<b>bg4(:1'M)--'1(#$H)!1NH+#'(!'(G):$1H$I)3H'(!)(*+,'-'.$(!$( /3+5)1-+!$!)(!)(D&'(J$",'(f/DJg6(E)--)(-)3H+!'4($HX('(.3$,(!'-($3'-(<bF?4( 3&'(Z'"5)(O1$3!)-(:1'!"%Y)-(U")(H+5)--)I(#'I'(H)I$('()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$6
V(:1)'#":$%&'(!'-(.,P-'M'-()-H$5$(#)3H1$!$(I$+-(3$(#'3-H+H"+%&'( )( -)!+I)3H$%&'( !'( #"1-'( !)( O1$!"$%&'( )I( *+,'-'.$( !$( /DJ4( #1+$!'( )I( <b;84()(3$(:'-H)1+'1(#1+$%&'(!'(#"1-'(!)(:P-=O1$!"$%&'4(U")(-)(#'3.O"1'"( #'I'('(:1+3#+:$,(1)-:'3-N5),(:),$(M'1I$%&'(!)(.,P-'M'-(3'([1$-+,6(V--+I4( $(:1'!"%&'(H)P1+#$(!'(!):$1H$I)3H'(!$(/DJ()-H$5$(#)3H1$!$4()3H1)(<b;8()( <b>k4(3$(M'1I$%&'(!'-(M"H"1'-(:1'M)--'1)-(!'(!):$1H$I)3H'4(#'I('(+3H"+H'( !)(#1+$1($(0$-)(!$(*+,'-'.$(01$-+,)+1$6(J'-H)1+'1I)3H)4()3H1)(<b>9()(<bF94(
11(`1R-(H)_H'-(-&'(0$-H$3H)(+,"-H1$H+5'-(-'01)(a(:1)-)3%$(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$(3'([1$-+,4( )-:)#+$,I)3H)(3'( 3-+3'(KX!+'4(eVmmCEV(f7???g4(dWnE(f7???g()(*{o nW4(V6(V6( et al (2006).
a preocupação passou a ser a busca pela identidade e pela consolidação !'(#"1-'(!)(*+,'-'.$6(C--'(:'!)(-)1()3#'3H1$!'(3$(:NO+3$(+3-H+H"#+'3$,(!'( D)0&1*&3)/*#,-), !"#$#%&(!$(/DJ(f7??kg(3$(+3H)13)H4('3!)(-)(,RS(
W()-H+,'(!)(H1$0$,Z'4(#'3-',+!$!'(3'(-)O"3!'(:)1L'!'(|<b>9($(<bFb}( U")( I)3#+'3$I'-( $#+I$4( :1)-#1)5+$( :$1$( $( O1$!"$%&'( '0@)H+5'-( !)( M'1I$%&'( HX#3+#$( )( #1LH+#$4( #)3H1$!'( 3"I$( $0'1!$O)I( $3$,LH+#$( !$( d+-HP1+$(!$(*+,'-'.$4(U")(5+-$5$(!$1($'($,"3'(+3-H1"I)3H'-(H)P1+#'-( :$1$( $( #'I:1))3-&'( !$-( ,PO+#$-( +3H)13$-( !'-( -+-H)I$-( .,'-P.#'-6(V( :1)'#":$%&'(!'I+3$3H)()1$('($!)-H1$I)3H'(:$1$($(:)-U"+-$(!)($#'1!'( #'I( :$!1Y)-( Z)1!$!'-( !$( Z+-H'1+'O1$.$( M1$3#)-$( 1)#)3H)6( V3H)-( !$( Reforma Universitária tal trabalho podia ser desenvolvido de forma +3H)3-+5$4( "I$( 5)B( U")( '( #"11L#",'( )1$( #'3-H+H"L!'( :'1( "I( 3sI)1'( 1),$H+5$I)3H)( 1)!"B+!'( !)( !+-#+:,+3$-4( #'I( :)U")3$( #$1O$( Z'1N1+$( semanal e ministradas ao longo de um ano. Estas características #'3@"O$5$I=-)( #'I( )_+OR3#+$-( 1+O'1'-$-( 3'( H'#$3H)( a( #$1O$( !)( leitura e trabalho aprofundado com os sistemas e autores tratados nas disciplinas.13
`)3!'()I(5+-H$('-('0@)H+5'-($#+I$()3"3#+$!'-4('(U")()-H$5$()I( 5'O$(3'(!)0$H)(.,'-P.#'($#)1#$(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$(3'(#"1-'(!)(*+,'-'.$( !$(/DJ()1$('(adestramento(!'-($,"3'-(:$1$($(:)-U"+-$(.,'-P.#$()(3&'($( M'1I$%&'(!)(.,P-'M'-(U")($--"I+--)I($(#$11)+1$(!'#)3H)(3'(-)O"3!'(O1$"( '"()I(#"1-'-("3+5)1-+HN1+'-4(H)3!'(#'I'(!+-#+:,+3$-(E/*1#-(67#,F,%"#$#%& e !"#$#%&,-&,)-(.&67#.14(V--+I4(:'!)I'-(!+B)1(U")($(:1)'#":$%&'(!)--)-(
.,P-'M'-()-H$5$(I$+-(#)3H1$!$(3$(M'1I$%&'(!)(:)-U"+-$!'1)-(!$(*+,'-'.$( !'(U")(3$(!)(:1'M)--'1)-6
13( G+-:'3L5),( )I( tZHH:SAA]]]6M^#Z6"-:601A!MA-+H)A!):$1H$I)3H'AZ+-H'1+#'6:Z:>. Acesso em: 19 abril 2007.
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dN(I"+H'-($3'-(p(!)-!)($(-"$(1)H+1$!$4(3'(+3L#+'(!'-($3'-(-)H)3H$4(!"1$3H)( os chamados anos de chumbo !'(O'5)13'(I+,+H$1(01$-+,)+1'(p(,"H$=-)(
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V( :$1H+1( !)( 7???4( 3'( )3H$3H'4( $( )_:$3-&'( '"H1'1$( 1)-:'3-N5),( :'1( !+M"3!+1( $( *+,'-'.$( #'I'( !+-#+:,+3$( 3'-( #"1-'-( !)( O1$!"$%&'( $#$0'"( :'1( #'3H1+0"+1( :$1$( U")( :)1!)--)( )-:$%'( )I( H$+-( #"1-'-6( E)--)( -)3H+!'4( $-( faculdades e institutos de ensino superior vêm gradativamente retirando a !+-#+:,+3$(!)(C3H1'!"%&'(a(*+,'-'.$4(!)(*+,'-'.$(!$( !"#$%&'()(!)(*+,'-'.$( )(iH+#$(*"3!$I)3H$,(!)(-)"-(#"11L#",'-()-#',$1)-6(V(@"-H+.#$H+5$(:$1$(+--'( 1)#$+(3'($1O"I)3H'(!)(U")(ZN("I$()_+OR3#+$(!)($:1)--$I)3H'(3$(M'1I$%&'( !'($,"3'("3+5)1-+HN1+'(:),$(!)I$3!$(!'(I)1#$!'()(U")4(:'1(+--'4(!+-#+:,+3$-( U")(3&'(#'3H1+0"$I(!+1)H$I)3H)(#'I($(M'1I$%&'(:1'.--+'3$,(:1)#+-$I(-)1( ),+I+3$!$-(!'(#"11L#",'6(W"H1'($1O"I)3H'(U")($I:$1$($(-":1)--&'(!$(*+,'-'.$( 3)--)-(#"1-'-(X($(3)#)--+!$!)(!)(U")($-(!+-#+:,+3$-(menos necessárias dêem ,"O$1(aU"),$-(!)(hM"3!$I)3H$,(+I:'1H23#+$j(a(M'1I$%&'(HX#3+#$6(V(HLH",'(!)( )_)I:,'4('-(#"1-'-(!)(:)!$O'O+$(U")(H+3Z$I(-"$-(!+-#+:,+3$-(!+5+!+!$-($'( ,'3O'( !)( U"$H1'( $3'-4( $H"$,I)3H)( -&'( 1)$,+B$!'-( )I( $:)3$-( H1R-( $3'-( )I( 0'$(:$1H)(!$-(M$#",!$!)-4()-:)#+$,I)3H)($-(:1+5$!$-6(J'!)1L$I'-(+I:"H$1($( 1$B&'(!+--'(-+I",H$3)$I)3H)(a(:1)--$(!$-(+3-H+H"+%Y)-(:1+5$!$-()I(M'1I$1( '-($,"3'-(:$1$('0H)1(I$+'1(,"#1'(#'I(-"$(M'1I$%&'()(a(:1)--$(!'-(:1P:1+'-( alunos para entrar no mercado de trabalho o mais rapidamente possível. E'()3H$3H'4(3'H$I'-(U")(I)-I'($-(+3-H+H"+%Y)-(!)()3-+3'(:s0,+#'(-)O")I( "I(#$I+3Z'(I"+H'(:$1)#+!'4(!)-#$1H$3!'(!)(-)"-(#"11L#",'-($(!+-#+:,+3$(!)( *+,'-'.$18()4()I($,O"3-(#$-'-4(+3#,"-+5)($(!)(*+,'-'.$(!$( !"#$%&'6(
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G$!$-($-(I$B),$-(:),$-(U"$+-($(*+,'-'.$(:$--'"4(3$-(s,H+I$-(!X#$!$-4( $( :1)'#":$%&'( !'-( )-H"!+'-'-( $#)1#$( !'( )3-+3'( !$( *+,'-'.$( ,'#$,+B'"= -)( )I( "I( $-:)#H'( U")( :1)#+-$5$( -)1( )5+!)3#+$!'S( '( #'35)3#+I)3H'( !$( +I:'1H23#+$(!$(*+,'-'.$(3$(M'1I$%&'(!'-($,"3'-(3'-( 3-+3'-(*"3!$I)3H$,4( KX!+'4(D":)1+'1()4($HX(I)-I'4(3'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$(:$1$(#1+$3%$-4(#'I('( objetivo de marcar o seu lugar na formação crítica do sujeito.
E'-($3'-(<bb?4(3'H$I'-(U")(Z'"5)("I$(#'3H+3"+!$!)(3$(!+-#"--&'( -'01)( $( +I:'1H23#+$(!$( )_+-HR3#+$(!'( .,P-'M'( 3$( -'#+)!$!)4(1)+H)1$3!'($( H)3!R3#+$( )I( -)( I$1#$1( :'-+%&'( U"$3H'( a( 3)#)--+!$!)( !$( *+,'-'.$( :$1$( a formação do cidadão crítico. A esse respeito podemos fazer referência $'(,+51'(!)(V1$3H)-()H($,4(5,%"#$#%&,),$)(,)/$!/#N(!)(<bb<419('(U"$,(1)"3+"(
h!+-#+:,+3$-(+I:1)-#+3!L5)+-j(a(M'1I$%&'(!'-(M"H"1'-(:)!$O'O'-6
5N1+'-(.,P-'M'-(U")4(3$U"),)(I'I)3H'4()-H$5$I(:1)'#":$!'-()I(:)3-$1( '()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$(#'I'("I$(!+-#+:,+3$(U")(:'!)1+$(#'3H1+0"+1(:$1$(-)( :)3-$1($(!+I)3-&'(-'#+$,(!'(Z'I)I4(Z+:PH)-)(!)-)35',5+!$(:'1(*1$3z,+3( Leopoldo e Silva no capítulo intitulado: 5,<(/67#,$#.!&",-#,%"4$#<# (1996).
(E'-( $3'-( 7???4( $( H)INH+#$( I$3H)5)=-)( )4( !)( #)1H'( I'!'4( +3H)3-+.#'"=-)4( :1+3#+:$,I)3H)( $( :$1H+1( !$( $:1'5$%&'( :),'( #'3O1)--'( 3$#+'3$,()(1)-:)#H+5'(5)H'(!'(:1)-+!)3H)(!$(n):s0,+#$()I(7??<(!'(J1'@)H'( !)( m)+( 36( ;<k9Abk( U")( 5)1-$5$( -'01)( $( '01+O$H'1+)!$!)( !'( )3-+3'( !$( *+,'-'.$( )( D'#+','O+$( 3'( 3-+3'( KX!+'6( G)5+!'( $( )--)( #'3H1$H)I:'4( $-( !+-#"--Y)-(-'01)($(+I:'1H23#+$(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$()(!$-(#'3!+%Y)-(:$1$( -"$( +I:,$3H$%&'( H'I$1$I( "I$( M'1%$( I"+H'( I$+'1( 3'( #)3N1+'( 3$#+'3$,4( "I$(5)B(U")('(I'H+5'(!'(5)H'(M'+($(M$,H$(!)(:1'M)--'1)-(:$1$($--"I+1($-( 1)-:)#H+5$-($",$-6(`'I$B)HH+(!)-H$#$(U")4
|666}( $:)-$1( !$( !)11'H$4( +3-H$"1'"=-)( :'-+H+5$I)3H)( "I( :1'#)--'( !)( 1)^)_&'(-'01)('()3-+3'(!$(.,'-'.$4(-"$-()_+OR3#+$-4(!+.#",!$!)-4(M'1I$( )(#'3H)s!'6( (I$+-4(!)3H1'(!)("I(#'3H)_H'(3$#+'3$,(!)(!+-#"--Y)-()( !)(3'5$-(:',LH+#$-(:$1$($(M'1I$%&'(!)(:1'M)--'1)-4(:$--'"=-)($(!+-#"H+1( $(M'1I$%&'(+3+#+$,(!'(:1'M)--'1(!)(*+,'-'.$(!)3H1'(!)("I(#"1-'(U")4( I)-I'(-)3!'(!)(,+#)3#+$H"1$4(I"+H$-(5)B)-()3M$H+B$($(M'1I$%&'(:$1$( $(:)-U"+-$4()I(!)H1+I)3H'(!$(:1):$1$%&'(:$1$($(!'#R3#+$6(f7??74(-A:g
( I( #'3-'323#+$( #'I( '( !)0$H)( :s0,+#'( U")( '#'11+$( 3'( [1$-+,4( -"1O+1$I( 5N1+'-( )3#'3H1'-( U")( 5+-$5$I( $I:,+$1( $+3!$( I$+-( '( !)0$H)( público sobre o assunto: E, K#/;1)$$#, !/*)1/&.!#/&", -), %"#$#%&, .#3, crianças e jovens f<bbbg()I([1$-L,+$q Congresso brasileiro de professores -),%"#$#%&,f7???g()I(J+1$#+#$0$q(H!304$!#,$#21),#,)/$!/#,-&,%"#$#%&,-&, região sudeste(f7??7g()I(J+1$#+#$0$q( 41(3, $(", -), )/$!/#, -&, %"#$#%&20
referência a esse livro como sendo de 1996.
f!)( 7??<( $( 7??9g( )I( J$--'( *"3!'4( C@"L4( Q"1+H+0$4( D&'( m)':',!'4( D$3H$( K$1+$()(m'3!1+3$q( 41(3,.)/*1#:#)$*),$#21),)/$!/#,),0)$'(!$&,)3,%"#$#%& f7??<4(7??74(7??;4(7??8g4()I([1$-L,+$4(e'+23+$()(J$,I$-q(Fórum norte de )/$!/#,-&,%"#$#%&,f7??8g4)I([),XI(!'(J$1N. Esses Fóruns e Simpósios HRI(-)(:1)'#":$!'()I(H1$B)1(a(H'3$('(!)0$H)4(3&'(-P(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$( 3'( -)O"3!'( O1$"( '"( 3$( "3+5)1-+!$!)421 mas também a problemática do
)3-+3$1($(*+,'-'.$(:$1$()-H"!$3H)-(!'(#"1-'(!)(*+,'-'.$6(E)--)(-)3H+!'4($( ressonância da preocupação dos estudos realizados nas décadas anteriores pode ser encontrada no empenho dos organizadores desses eventos em dar #'3H+3"+!$!)(a(!+-#"--&'(-'01)($(H)INH+#$(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$6
E'H$I'-(U")(H'!$()--$(!+-#"--&'(H)I(-"1H+!'()M)+H'4("I$(5)B(U")( $(*+,'-'.$(H)I(O$3Z$!'(5+-+0+,+!$!)()($(:1'#"1$(:'1(#"1-'-(!)(,+#)3#+$H"1$( 3)--$(N1)$(H)I($"I)3H$!'(-+O3+.#$H+5$I)3H)6( I(!+5)1-'-()-H$!'-(!'([1$-+,( '()3-+3'(!)--$(!+-#+:,+3$(H'13'"=-)('01+O$HP1+'(3'( 3-+3'(KX!+'4()I0'1$( ainda existam diversas discordâncias sobre a implantação das resoluções e sobre os jogos políticos dos Conselhos Estaduais e Federais de Educação $(1)-:)+H'(!$(!)H)1I+3$%&'(!'(Q'3-),Z'(E$#+'3$,6(W"H1'(#$I:'(3'(U"$,($( *+,'-'.$(H)I(O$3Z$!'()-:$%'(X($(:$1H+#+:$%&'(3'-()_$I)-(5)-H+0",$1)-422
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3-+3'S($(.,'-'.$(3$()-#',$j(f7??>gq(h*+,'-'.$(3$(/3+5)1-+!$!)j(f7??Fgq(h*+,'-'.$()( -'#+)!$!)j(f7??kgq(*+,'-'.$4(M'1I$%&'(!'#)3H)()(#+!$!$3+$(f7??9g6(
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dos alunos. Isso está sendo debatido mais detidamente desde a década de 9?( :),$( #'I"3+!$!)( .,'-P.#$( 01$-+,)+1$4( :1+3#+:$,I)3H)( :),'-( .,P-'M'-( !$( )!"#$%&'4( H)3!'( :'1( '0@)H+5'-( #'I:1))3!)1( '( :1'0,)I$( )( :1':'1( )3#$I+3Z$I)3H'-(:$1$('()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$6(G)($#'1!'(#'I(e$,,+3$4(
E$(!X#$!$(!)(9?('#'11)1$I(+3H)3-'-(!)0$H)-(-'01)('()3-+3'(!$(.,'-'.$4( '-(U"$+-(-&'(+I:'1H$3H)-(3$(I)!+!$()I(U")(3'-(I'-H1$I(3&'(-'I)3H)( '(U")(:)3-$I('-(.,P-'M'-(01$-+,)+1'-(-'01)($(.,'-'.$()('(-)"()3-+3'4( I$-( H$I0XI( $( -"$( +3^"R3#+$( a-( M"H"1$-( O)1$%Y)-( !)( :1'M)--'1)-( !)( .,'-'.$6(f7??84(-A:g6
E&'( '0-H$3H)4( $( !+-#"--&'( !)--)( :)1L'!'( M'+( I$1#$!$4( -)O"3!'( e$,,+3$( f7??8g4( :),$( !+-#"--&'( $#)1#$( !'-( H)I$-( )( #'3H)s!'-( $( -)1)I( )3-+3$!'-6( I(<b9b()(<bb8(-"1O+1$I(!'+-(I$3"$+-(U")(H1$B+$I(5N1+'-(H)I$-( )(#'3H)s!'-(U")(:)1:$--$5$I($,O"I$-(#'11)3H)-(.,'-P.#$-4('0@)H+5$3!'( auxiliar o professor em suas atividades pedagógicas: Filosofando fVnVEdV4(<b9bg()(K#/M!*),F,%"#$#%&,fQdV/C4(<bb8g. O primeiro deles H1$B()I(-"$($:1)-)3H$%&'("I(5+X-(I$1_+-H$()('(-)O"3!'4(:'1(I)+'(!)("I$( $0'1!$O)I( I$+-( Z+-HP1+#'=H)INH+#$( !'-( H)I$-( )( #'3H)s!'-( .,'-P.#'-4( 1)#'3-H1P+(Z+-H'1+#$I)3H)('-(H)I$-(U")(M'1$I('0@)H'(!$(:1'0,)I$H+B$%&'( .,'-P.#$4($:1)-)3H$3!'('(I'!'(#'I'(5N1+'-(.,P-'M'-('-(:)1-:)#H+5$1$I6( --)-(I$3"$+-(M'1$I(,$1O$I)3H)("H+,+B$!'-(:),'-(:1'M)--'1)-(!)(*+,'-'.$4( :'+-4(!)(#)1H'(I'!'4(H1$B+$I(!)(M'1I$(-+3H)H+B$!$(5N1+'-(H)I$-()($"H'1)-( U")(:'!)1+$I(-)1(H1$0$,Z$!'-(:'1(),)-623
G+$3H)(!$()_:,$3$%&'($#)1#$(!'(I'!'(#'I'('()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$()-HN( -)3!'(H1$H$!'(3'([1$-+,4(:'!)I'-(+3!+#$1(U")($-(U")-HY)-(U")('()35',5)I(-&'( !)0$H+!$-(3'(#'3H)_H'($H"$,6(J'1XI()--$-(U")-HY)-(I"+H$-(5)B)-(-)(#'3#)3H1$I( )I( H1R-( :1)'#":$%Y)-( U")( 3'1H)+$I( $-( :)-U"+-$-S( f<g( '( )3H)3!+I)3H'( !$( +I:'1H23#+$(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$(:$1$($(-'#+)!$!)4(:$1$($(#",H"1$()(:$1$($(
23( --)-(I$3"$+-(!)(*+,'-'.$4(-)O"3!'($-($"H'1$-4(M'1$I(),$0'1$!'-(#'I('(+3H"+H'(!)( M'13)#)1("I(I$H)1+$,(:$1$('-()-H"!$3H)-(!)(*+,'-'.$(!'( 3-+3'(KX!+'6(E'()3H$3H'4(X('( material mais utilizado nos cursos universitários. O livro K#/M!*),F,%"#$#%&4(3'($3'(!)( 7??;4(@N()-H$5$(3$(-"$(<;~()!+%&'6(W(I)-I'('#'11)"(#'I('(,+51'(Filosofando4(U")4()I(
M'1I$%&'(#1LH+#$(!'(Z'I)Iq(f7g($(1)^)_&'(-'01)('-(H)I$-()(#'3H)s!'-($(-)1)I( )3-+3$!'-()(-'01)('(#"11L#",'q()(f;g($(0"-#$(!'()3H)3!+I)3H'(I)H'!',PO+#'( !'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$6(E'H$I'-(3)--)(#'3H)_H'("I$()-#$--)B(!)(:)-U"+-$-( U")(:1'0,)I$H+B)I($(1),$%&'(!'(.,P-'M'(#'I($(H$1)M$(U")(,Z)(X(#'3.$!$S(-)1( :1'M)--'1(!)(*+,'-'.$424($(3&'(-)1(U"$3!'('()3H)3!+I)3H'(!'(ser professor de
!"#$#%&()-HN(5+3#",$!'(a()-#',Z$(!'-(IXH'!'-()(#'3H)s!'-($(-)1)I()3-+3$!'-( )($'()3H)3!+I)3H'(!$(+I:'1H23#+$(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$6(`$,5)B(+--'(H)3Z$( 1)$.1I$!'("I(:'-+#+'3$I)3H'(:)!$OPO+#'($(:$1H+1(!)("I$(:1'0,)I$H+B$%&'( )!"#$#+'3$,(!'-(IXH'!'-()(#'3H)s!'-()(!)("I(:'-+#+'3$I)3H'(.,'-P.#'(-'01)( a importância desse ensino.
E&'(U")1)I'-(3)-H)($1H+O'(3)O$1('(@"-H'(:'-+#+'3$I)3H'($.1I$3!'( U")(H'!'('(!)0$H)(U")()_+-H+"(3'([1$-+,(-'01)('()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$(H)3Z$( -+!'(+I:'1H$3H)()(3)#)--N1+'4($'(#'3H1N1+'4(#'3#'1!$I'-(U")4(-)(),)(3&'( H+5)--)()_+-H+!'4($(-+H"$%&'(!'()3-+3'(!$(*+,'-'.$()-H$1+$(I"+H'(:+'16(`'!'( )--)( !)0$H)( M)B( )( #'3H+3"$( M$B)3!'( :$1H)( !+--'( U")( :'!)I'-( #Z$I$1( !)( momento histórico( !'( )3-+3'( !$( *+,'-'.$( 3'( [1$-+,6( E'--$( +3H)3%&'( M'+( !),+3)$1( )4( !)( $,O"I( I'!'4( !)-H$#$1( #'I'( '( !)0$H)( #+1#",'"( $'( 1)!'1( !)--$-(U")-HY)-6
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VJJ m4( 6( w6( !"#$#%&, /#$, O)$*!2("&1)$, ), /#, ?/$!/#, JP-!#. Cadernos J)H=*+,'-'.$.( 36( 74( <bbb6( G+-:'3L5),( )IS( tZHH:SAA]]]6.,'-'.$6"M:1601A:)HA
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VnVE` D4(J6()H($,6(5, %"#$#%&, ), $)(, )/$!/#6(J)H1P:',+-4(nwS(o'B)-q(D&'( J$",'S( !"#4(<bbF6(76()!6
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QWD`V4( w6( Q6( V( -+H"$%&'( !'( )3-+3'( .,'-P.#'( 3'( [1$-+,6( C3S( 6( 9&/#1&3&,-&,W!$*41!&,-&, !"#$#%&,/#,C1&$!"6(D&'(J$",'S(Q",H1+_4(XUTU= QEJl6( Q"11+#","I( ,$HH)-6 In: CNPq. Disponível em: <,$HH)-6#3:U601u6( Acesso em 20 jan 2006.
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QEJl6( JNO+3$( '.#+$,( !'(Diretório dos grupos de pesquisa no Brasil. G+-:'3L5),( )IS( tZHH:SAA]]]6#3:U601AO:)-UA$:1)-)3H$#$'6ZHIu6( V#)--'( em: 05 abr 2007.
QdV/4( K6 W( U")( X( -)1( )!"#$!'1( Z'@)( G$( $1H)( a( #+R3#+$S( $( I'1H)( !'( educador.( C3S( [nVEGW4( Q6(VH( $,,6(O educador hoje. 10. ed. Rio de w$3)+1'S(e1$$,4(<bb76(:6(><=k?6
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eVmmCEV4( D6( W( )3-+3'( !$( .,'-'.$( )( $( #1+$%&'( !)( #'3#)+H'-6 In: Cad. CEDES.,((Q$I:+3$-4(7??86(56(784((36(F86
eVmmW4(D6q(cWdVE4(v6(V:1)-)3H$%&'6(C3S(6( !"#$#%&,/#,)/$!/#, médio.(J)H1P:',+-S(o'B)-4(7???6(:6(k=<?6
eVmmW4( D6(Educação, Ideologia e a construção do sujeito. Disponível )IS( t]]]6)!"#$#$''3,+3)6:1'601A)!"#$#$'+!)','O+$6$-:M+!$1H+O'<9;>. Acesso em: 10 nov 2004.
eVmmW4(D6(V(M"3%&'(!$(.,'-'.$(3$()-#',$()(-)"(#$1NH)1(+3H)1!+-#+:,+3$16(C3S( K)/*1#,-),Y)<)1G/.!&,)3,?-(.&67#,JZ1!#,K#M&$6(G+-:'3L5),()IS(twww. crmariocovas.sp.gov.br/pdf/ccs/pebII/silvio_gallo.pdf>. Acesso em: 03 abr 2007. e mVKW4(n6(J6(n)=5+-+H$3!'($-(1)^)_Y)-(z$3H+$3$-(-'01)($(+I:'1H23#+$(!$( )!"#$%&'4(!'()3-+3'()(!'(.,'-'M$16(C3S(E*!/)1Z1!#$,-),%"#$#%&,-&,?-(.&67#. J'1H"O$,S(J'1H'4(7??k6(36(76(:6(kk=b<6
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p(/3+5)1-+!$!)( -H$!"$,(J$",+-H$(hws,+'(!)(K)-U"+H$(*+,Z'j6($1L,+$4(7??<6 KV/e i4(w6(W()3-+3'(!$(.,'-'.$S(-"$-(!+1)H1+B)-6(C3S(Revista Brasileira -),%"#$#%&6(D&'(J$",'4(<b>>6(56>4(M$-#6(84(36(7?6(:6(F87=F8b6(
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DCmo CnV4(n6(w6(`6(W($M$-H$I)3H'()('(1)H'13'(!$(.,'-'.$($'(-)O"3!'(O1$"( no período pós-64. 914:0#$!6+)$=(Q$I:+3$-4(<>(3'5(<bb86(5',6>6(36(;6 ` Cr CnV4(V6(Aspectos Americanos da Educação. Salvador: Tipographia D6(*1$3#+-#'4(<b796
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`WKV `C4( 6( *+,'-'.$( 3'( )3-+3'( IX!+'( )( -)"( :1'M)--'1S( $,O"I$-( 1)^)_Y)-6(Revista do centro de educação, D$3H$(K$1+$6(56(7k4(36(74(:6(Fb= k>4(7??76(G+-:'3L5),()IS(thttp://coralx.ufsm.br/revce/>. Acesso em: 04 abr 2007.
/DJ6(9Z;!/&,#%.!&",-#,.(1$#,-),%"#$#%&,-&,_H96(G+-:'3L5),()IS(thttp:// ]]]6M^#Z6"-:601A!MA-+H)A!):$1H$I)3H'AZ+-H'1+#'6:Z:>. Acesso em: 19 abr 2007.
