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O cenário ambiental paulista: no passado e no presente: considerações sobre as condições das unidades de conservação da Mata Atlântica de São Paulo

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Santos, Fernanda Salvi

O cenário ambiental paulista: no passado e no presente – considerações sobre as condições das unidades de

conservação da Mata Atlântica de São Paulo. / Fernanda Salvi Santos. - Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012

99 f. : il., figs., tabs., fots.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro

Orientador: Adler Guilherme Viadana

1. Geografia física – Aspectos ambientais. 2. Parques estaduais. 3. Meio Ambiente. 4. PETAR. 5. PEMD. 6. Núcleo Picinguaba I. Título.

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