NOISE IN THE INDUSTRY – THREAT FOR HEALTH

Management Systems

in

Production Engineering

-Date of su issio of the a ti le to the Edito : /

Date of a epta e of the a ti le the Edito : / DOI . /MSPE- -

-A stra t:

The su ess of e tai i dust ial a ti ities i g oth e efits a d egati e effe ts su h as pollutio , o upatio al diseas-es, e posu e of o ke s a d eside ts of eigh o i g a eas a d high isk i ase of te h ologi al failu e.

A u desi a le effe t of i dust ial a ti it hi h a e o side ed a th eat to o ke s a d eside ts i the i ediate i i it of i dust ial sites is the oise. Due to the p ese e of te h olog i all a ti ities, is a ajo p o le o side i g its atu e a d ha ful epe ussio s o health. Hea i g loss a d deaf ess aused o upatio al e posu e to oise at

o k a e the ost o o o upatio al diseases that o u i the Eu opea U io .

The de elop e t of ode te h olog i easi g the po e a d speed of the te h i al e uip e t, o t i uted to di e sif a d i ease the u e of sou es of oise a d i atio , a d thus to i ease the u e of people e posed. This pape a al zes the effe t of oise f o i dust ial e uip e t a d health isks.

NOISE IN THE INDUSTRY – THREAT FOR HEALTH

INTRODUCTION

Noise pollutio is a i po ta t o po e t of e i o -e tal pollutio ith ha ful ha a t-e a d its p - es-e es-e i all o pa t es-e ts of odes-e lifes-e, oises-e pollutio is a ajo p o le fo all e o o i all de eloped ou t ies o e e gi g. Noise pollutio is a o ti uous agg essio , aused a ious oises of a hi e , i dust ial e

uip-e t a d do uip-esti , i siduip-e o outsiduip-e thuip-ei o st u tio . The ph siologi al, ps hologi al a d so ial i pli atio s of the oise a e k o i the o te po a o ld, ei g o e of the ost idesp ead polluta ts i the o ld. F o e posu e to dust a d he i al polluta ts, hi h ha e g eatl edu ed ith the e te t of e ha izatio a d

auto-atio of p odu tio p o esses, ot the sa e as do e o oise e posu e.

Noise is defi ed as diso de ed o e lappi g sou ds of diffe e t f e ue ies a d i te sities that p odu e a disa-g eea le se satio a d adisa-gdisa-g essi e. As a o se ue e of hu a i dust ial a ti it appea s as e ha i al a es

ep-ese ted i atio , sou d, i f asou d a d ult asou d i atio s ith a ha ful a tio o health.

P e e tio a d i fo atio o health isk a e of a a-jo i po ta e. Noise ge e ates additio al fatigue effo ts

ot o l to the diffi ult of olle ti g e al i fo atio o de s, o a ds o oi e o e use ut ostl th ough ai o e load.

Noise issues a e u uestio a l i po ta t e o o i al-l , i so e ases de eased o k apa it ea hi g up to

%, pa ti ula l i telle tual o k is affe ted.

Noise issues a e u uestio a l e o o i all i -po ta e a d, i so e ases de eased o k apa it

ea hi g up to %, pa ti ula l i telle tual o k is affe t-ed. The egati e i flue e o the effi ie a d effe ti e-ess at o k a e illust ated as follo s: ge e al i dust ial

effi ie is % highe i uiet jo s o pa ed to the ois , the e o s due to the oise a e % of eje ts i the ele -t o i s i dus-t , % of a ou -ti g e o s.

The de elop e t of ode te h olog i easi g po e a d speed of o ki g a hi e o t i uted to the di e sifi atio a d i eased sou es of oise a d i atio , a d thus to i ease the u e of people e posed.

Noise is o e of the ost i po ta t i dust ial e issio s that ge e ate haza ds to health of o ke s a e fo i g ha ful fa to s a isi g f o da age a d/o alfu tio of

o ki g e uip e t [ ].

Noise affe ts ot o l those i ol ed i i dust ial a ti i-ties, ha ful effe ts of oise e posu e a e felt people li i g o o ki g i a eas adja e t to o e o o e sou es of oise.

To sti ulate easu es to i p o e o ki g o ditio s a d p o ide the est le el of p ote tio of o ke s ha e de eloped spe ifi di e ti es o health a d safet at o k.

Most ou t ies, espe iall the Eu opea ou t ies i -posed a ti oise di e ti es to i p o e a ousti o fo t i

e uildi gs.

THE NOISE AT WORKPLACE

The Di e ti e / /EC of the Eu opea Pa lia e t a d of the Cou il f o Fe ua ega di g o the i i u health a d safet e ui e e ts fo e posu e of o ke s to the isks a isi g i dust f o ph si al age ts oise , dete i e the ph si al pa a ete s used as isk p edi to s a d li its the eof:

 peak sou d p essu e, hi h is the a i u i sta -ta eous oise p essu e,

 dail oise e posu e le el that o e s all oises p e-se t at o k,

Ali IRIMIA, George Artur GĂMAN, Sori SIMION, A gela CĂLĂMAR, Da iel PUPĂZAN Natio al I stitute for Research a d Develop e t i Mi e Safet a d Protectio to E plosio

INSEMEX Petrosa i – ROMANIA

Ma age e t S ste s i P odu tio E gi ee i g / A. IRIMIA, G. A tu GĂMAN, S. SIMION, A. CĂLĂMAR, D. PUPĂZAN - Noise i the i dust - th eat fo health

 eekl oise e posu e le el o ti e- eighted a e -age of the dail oise e posu e le els fo a o i al

eek of fi e o ki g da s of hou s.

I the i dust ial e i o e t, i f asou d, sou d a d ult asou d o e lap oth i te s of spe t al o po e ts os illatio s ge e ated a hi e , a d i te s of thei a tio o the od o ke . E posu e to ult asou d dest o ed lood ells auses heada hes, ausea, o loss of al-a e.

To i p o e health a d safet o ditio s at o k, ust e o side ed the follo i g ge e al p i iples elati g to:

 oise isk assess e t o pete t se i es o pe -so s,

 p e e tio of o upatio al isks,  p ote tio of health a d safet at o k,

 eli i atio of isk fa to s fo i ju a d o upatio al disease,

 o sultatio , the ala ed pa ti ipatio i a o d-a e ith d-atio d-al ld-a s d-a d/o p d-a ti es d-a d t d-ai i g of o ke s a d thei ep ese tati es,

 he ki g to dete i e hethe the e ha e ee so e ha ges i the o k p o ess to e follo ed the adoptio of a e d e ts a o di gl the

assess-e t a d o t ol assess-easu assess-es [ ].

HEARING DISORDERS DEPENDING ON LEVEL OF NOISE If the ea is e posed to high le els of oise fo a sho t pe iod, a ea se siti it test a ied out i ediatel afte

-a ds, sho s -a slight he-a i g loss k o -as te po -a deiatio th eshold of hea i g. Hea i g th eshold is the lo est sou d p essu e le el hi h a e dete ted the su -je t a d it a g o up to dB at e tai f e ue ies, e e afte a elati el sho t e posu e. The sou d should e u h loude tha it as efo e e posu e to e hea d afte -a ds. Fo tu -atel , the phe o e o is te po -a , -a pe a e t de iatio th eshold is too lo to e easu ed. If e posu e pe iods a e elati el sho t, a d the i te als et ee the a e lo g pe a e t effe ts a e ot sig ifi-a t. A lifi-a ge u e of people o ki g i te h ologi al p o esses he e oise le els a e al a s high a d he the e posu e o u s fo hou s a da , ea afte ea , the effe ts a e ot te po a .

It de elops a pe a e t hea i g loss hi h is suffi ie t-l se e e as to ake it diffi ut-lt fo o at-l o e satio , a d the get to h o i disease. Da age e o es pe

a-e t a d i a-e a-e si la-e i this phasa-e, a d a " a-est" ill ot lead to a sig ifi a t e ou d.

Pe a e t da age egi s, as the te po a ith de-ease i se siti it a ou d kHz f e ue a d ith i -easi g e posu e ti e, the de iatio e o es la ge a d g aduall e te ds do to i lude the lo e f e ue ies

The f e ue o te t of the oise ith the t pe the e-of fo e a ple pulse a d o -pulse ha a te a also e a distu i g fa to .

E posu e to loud oise fo a lo g ti e t igge the od 's p ote ti e e ha is s agai st haza ds, these e ha is s a ifested follo i g egetati e ea tio s: h pe te sio , ta h a dia, ski essels o st i t, i easi g eta olis , i easi g us le te sio . Noise-i du ed hea i g loss is e og ized the Wo ld Health O ga isatio as "the ost o o a d i e e si le i dust ial disease". Hea i g loss, esides it a stop a pe so o ki g at full apa it , it a dest o so ial life, isolati g it f o the o u it .

THE EVOLUTION OF HEARING LOSS AS A RESULT OF EXPO-SURE TO NOISE

Measu e e t of oise e itted a hi e a d e uip-e t is a iuip-ed out uip-easu i g thuip-e sou d p uip-essu uip-e luip-e uip-el at o k.

People egula l e posed to oise a p ese t hea i g loss ith a ia le se e it . Be ause hea i g loss a da -age spee h u de sta di g, pe eptio of the dail sig als o app e iatio of usi a ousti . E ept e posu e to e -plosio s, high i pulse oise a d e t e el high le els of statio a oise, the pe a e t da age to the hea i g o ga takes ti e a d is p og essi e i o ths, ea s o de ades of e posu e. NIPTS is usuall p e eded a te

po-a effe t, e e si le upo hepo-a i g po-alled, te po po-a ha ge th eshold " TTS aused oise Fig. .

Fig. Graphi al presentation of noise le els in dail a ti ities

Ma age e t S ste s i P odu tio E gi ee i g / A. IRIMIA, G. A tu GĂMAN, S. SIMION, A. CĂLĂMAR, D. PUPĂZAN - Noise i the i dust - th eat fo health

G a it TTS a d e o e depe d o the le el of e posu e a d ti e. Fo o e pe so , it is ot possi le to dete -i e p e -isel h-i h ha ges -i the le el, the th eshold of audi ilit a e aused oise a d hi h ha ges a e aused othe fa to s, although i i di idual ases he e the e is dou t, these data a ep ese t a additio al ea s fo esti ate the ost p o a le auses of audiologi diag osis. Ho e e , fo a la ge populatio e posed to a spe ifi oise, a ause ha ges i the statisti al dist i u-tio s of hea i g th eshold le els.

To des i e diffe e t le els of hea i g th esholds e-t ee e-t o populae-tio s hi h a e si ila i all i po e-ta e-t aspe ts e ept that o e populatio has a oise e posu e o upatio al usuall ell-defi ed pa a ete s a e used as NIPTS a e age edia NIPTS, a d so o The te "NIPTS" applies to pe a e t ha ges of displa e e t p odu ed the oise th eshold, the statisti al dist i u-tio s of g oups of people; the te does ot appl to i

di-iduals.

The easu e of oise fo a populatio e posed at oise isk is eighted sou d e posu e -, EAT, a d the e ui ale t o ti uous sou d p essu e le el eighted a o di gl Ae h L, t the a e age o ki g da o side ed e ual to hou s fo a gi e u e of ea s of e posu e.

Fo the dete i atio of hea i g da age due to e po-su e to oise a e sho elatio ship fo the al ulatio of NIPTS at audio et i f e ue ies f o . kHz to kHz fo the A- eighted sou d e posu e dail fo hou s/da ; Pa s up to , . Pa s A- eighted sou d p essu e le els e ui ale t o ti uous fo a o al o k da fo hou s at dB to dB a d e posu e ti es f o to

ea s .

E t apolatio to highe le els a e ot suppo ted ua titati e data. NIPTS a e stated as edia statisti al dist i utio a o e a d elo the edia fo the ua tu of f o . to . . NIPTS data. a e the sa e fo ale a d fe ale populatio s

Fo e asti g ethod p ese ted is ased p i a il o data espe iall fo statio a oad a d oise. Appli atio of data ase o to al oise o i pulse/i pa t ep ese ts the est a aila le e t apolatio .

To al ulate the audi ilit th eshold le els a d the isk of hea i g da age o hea i g i pai e t due to oise e -posu e, ust k o the th eshold of audi ilit of a o

pa-a le pa-age populpa-atio u e posed to oise.

To esti ate the isk of da age to hea i g a d deaf as a esult of e posu e to oise, oise e posu e eighted a e -age EA h, a d/o oise e posu e le el o alized to a

o i al o ki g da of hou s, LEX, h should e eas-u ed ith i st eas-u e ts fo a oeas-usti e poseas-u e i o i teg ati g sou d le el ete s o ust al ulated f o easu e e ts of sou d p essu e a d e posu e ti e. Su h easu e e ts a e ade ith i st u e ts that a e statio a o atta hed to the pe so .

Measu e e ts positio s a d thei du atio should e hose to ep ese t oise e posu e du i g a t pi al da fo the populatio e posed.

EQUIPMENT USED

Fo di e t easu e e t of sou d p essu e le els e ui -ale t o ti uous A- eighted, i teg ated so o ete s used

eet the e ui e e ts of IEC , the a e ali ated oth efo e a d afte dete i atio s. Cali atio is e ui ed ha i g ualit esults, also o t i uti g to i eased o fi-de e i the a u a fi-dete i atio s.

So o ete s used a e ade B uel & Kjae Da ish o pa . The a e e uipped ith filte s of o e o ta e o

/ o ta e pass a d idth.

T pe oise a al ze Fig. is used fo i di idual easu e e ts o se ies of easu e e ts fo la o ato a d field a al sis.

Measu e e t of sou d p essu e to dete i e the A -eighted sou d e posu e a d/o le el e ui ale t o ti uous A- eighted sou d p essu e e e pe fo ed ith the i opho e pla ed i the positio s o upied filled o all the head o ke .

If a o ke as e ui ed to e p ese t o to o e a ou d, the i opho e as positio ed . ± . f o the e t a e to the ea a al that e ei es high alue eighted sou d e posu e sou d p essu e le el o e ui a-le t o ti uous a- eighted [ ].

I po ta t details of the easu i g appa atus a d the o ditio s p e aili g du i g easu e e ts ust e e o d-ed a d a hi d-ed fo efe e e [ ]. I epo ti g the esults of

easu e e ts, it i ludes a esti ate of the o e all u e -tai t of the easu e e ts, taki g i to a ou t the i flu-e flu-e of fa to s su h as flu-easu flu-e flu-e t flu-e uip flu-e t; i o-pho e; u e of easu e e ts; a iatio i ti e a d spa e of the oise sou e.

The i i u e ui e e ts fo the p ote tio of o k-e s f o isks to hk-ealth a d safk-et a isi g o likk-el to a isk-e f o e posu e to oise a d i pa ti ula the isk to hea i g, appl to all a ti ities i hi h o ke s a e o a e e -posed th ough thei o k, the isks a isi g f o oise p o-ided fo i atio al legislatio t a sposi g Di e ti e

/ /EEC applies to all a ti ities ithout p ejudi e to o e st i ge t a d/o spe ifi .

The ph si al pa a ete s used as isk p edi to s, ha e the follo i g ea i g:

 peak sou d p essu e ppeak,

 dail oise e posu e le el LEX,h defi ed i the sta da d SR ISO : [ ],

 eekl oise e posu e le el LEX,h .

Fig. Anal zer T pe

Ma age e t S ste s i P odu tio E gi ee i g / A. IRIMIA, G. A tu GĂMAN, S. SIMION, A. CĂLĂMAR, D. PUPĂZAN - Noise i the i dust - th eat fo health

Ali I i ia, Geo ge A tu Gă a , So i Si io , A gela Călă a , Da iel Pupăza

Natio al i stitute fo esea h a d de elop e t i i e safet a d p ote tio to e plosio – INSEMEX Pet osa i

- G-al. Vasile Milea St et,

Pet osa i, Hu edoa a ou t – ROMANIA e- ail: i se e @i se e . o

CONCLUSIONS

Noise pollutio has e o e a ajo p o le affe ti g all o po e ts of ode life tu i g i to a o e agg es-si e isk fa to .

Noise, despite te h i al p og ess i sou d i sulatio is e o i g o e a d o e a i t i si pa t of ou dail li es, so oise is a issue of i ediate o e to all pe so s o ki g i a ois spa e e eedi g the pe issi le li its,

aki g dis uptio f o o k.

Pu li a a e ess of the isk of e posu e to oise a d its i e e si le effe ts o the audito o ga leads to lo e elu ta e o easu es to edu e oise le els i i dust ial e i o e t.

Noise Ce tifi atio of e uip e t used i i dust ial e i-o e t leads to ette i fo atio o the possi ilities fo the sele tio of e e uip e t i te s of oise e issio .

Usi g i dust ial oise aps p o ide i fo atio fo the sites of e e uip e t, so as ot to dis upt e isti g jo s.

I Ro a ia the e is a ajo diffe e e et ee e uip-e t usuip-ed i i dust ial u its o uip-ed thuip-e statuip-e a d p i-ate o pa ies i te s of oise edu tio , due p i a il to highe fi a ial st e gth of p i ate o pa ies that ha e i ested i e te h ologies less polluti g o pa ed those

elo gi g to the state ho ha e used oise edu tio ethods fo olde e uip e t a d oisiest, fo hi h te h-ologi al ha ge is e t e el e pe si e a d diffi ult to i ple e t i a te h ologi al hai desig ed a fe de ades ago.

REFERENCES

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[ ] Di e ti a / /CE di fe ua ie p i i d e i ţele i i e de se u itate şi să ătate efe itoa e la e pu e ea lu ăto ilo la is u i ge e ate de age ţi fizi i zgo ot [aşaptesp eze ea di e ti ă i di iduală î se sul a t. ali . di Di e ti a / /CEE]. [ ] C. Fau e. Co t olul şi p e e i ea zgo otului î i

sta-laţiile de spăla e şi p epa a e e a i ă a ă u elui, Iulie, .

[ ] Legea / Legea se u ităţii şi să ătăţii î u ă. [ ] S. So i a d S. Spi ido . P e e i ea şi edu e ea zgo-otului e is de p o esele i dust iale i ie e, Editu a I se e , .