Sprawl e o modal de transporte motorizado: impactos na cidade de Londrina, PR.

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eISSN 2175-3369

Licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons

Maurício Polidoro[a]_{, José Augusto de Lollo}[b]_{, Mirian Vizintim Fernandes Barros}[c]

Sprawl and motorized modal transport:

impacts in the city of Londrina, PR

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Resumo

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Abstract

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POLIDORO, M.; LOLLO, J. A. de; BARROS, M. V. F.

34

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Sprawl urbano: conceitos e características

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bad examples of cities. With an urban settlement in frank expansion, north and south growth of the city add land speculation and urban voids in the interstices that outline a city far from ideal, as conceived in its beginning. With a metropolitan atmosphere and at the same time countryside aspects, Londrina is a brand of exclusive occupation policy-driven and real estate interests, a fact that has impacted the livelihood of the population and generated environmental impacts for all social classes. This research discusses the kind of oc-cupation in Londrina, characterized by the phenomenon of sprawl and its relation to the mode of expansion observed and the implications of intensive use of cars. The choice of car use in Londrina has been growing and

generated bottlenecks in trafic. As a consequence there is the constant expropriation of property for

widen-ing of roads and at the same time, the presence of various densities and urban voids formwiden-ing an uneven urban

space and hindering an eficient urban planning.

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[...] os aspectos que são considerados como efeitos negativos nos modelos de urbanização dispersa está o uso intensivo de transporte automotivo, sobretudo o de uso individual e, embora essa característica possa ser atribuída tanto como causa e como consequW5I /0!+# !# 9%(:!:%# V# X;%# X;!52*# 3%5*(# !# :%5-0:!:%# .*.;1!/0*5!1+# 2%5:%# !# -%(# 3!0*(# *# :%-1*/!3%52*# %-.!cial da população para as atividades cotidianas. #

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(5)

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d> Falta de padrões de uso múltiploK#@6#)!12!# :%# %-/*1!-+# 1*/!0-# :%# 2(!7!1@*+# /!)V-+# (%-2!;I (!52%-+# %-/(02&(0*-+# %:0FP/0*-# .U710/*-# %# (%-0I :W5/0!-# !# ;3!# /;(2!# :0-2Q5/0!+# %3# (!RC*# :!# (0'0:%R#:*#R*5%!3%52*M

i> Dependência do automóvelK# /*3*# !-# );5I N[%-# 76-0/!-# :!# 90:!# 5!# /0:!:%# %-2C*# %-.!I 1@!:!-+#*#!;2*3&9%1#V#*#3*:*#3!0-#9069%1#:%# 2(!5-.*(2%+# /*5-0:%(!5:*I-%# !# .(%/!(0%:!:%# :*#2(!5-.*(2%#.U710/*M#41V3#:0--*+#5*9*-#-;I 7U(70*-#%#/*5:*3P50*-#)%/@!:*-#9%(20/!0-#-C*# .(*O%2!:*-#.!(!#!/*3*:!(#*-#5U3%(*-#/(%-I /%52%-#:%#%-.!N*-#:%#%-2!/0*5!3%52*M#^#:%-I 1*/!3%52*# !# .V# 5C*# V# %52%5:0:*# /*3*# ;3!# )*(3!#-%';(!#:%#0(#!#X;!1X;%(#1;'!(+#(%:;R05I :*#/!1N!:!-#%#052%(!NC*#-*/0!1M#n--*#-%#!'(!9!# %3#/0:!:%-#/*3#P5:0/%-#:%#90*1W5/0!#;(7!5!M h> CongestionamentosK#!-#:090-[%-#@0%(6(X;0/!-#

(6)

BARCZAK, R.; DUARTE, F.

38

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v> Transporte público inadequadoK# *# 2(!5-I .*(2%#:%#3!--!#V#05-;F0/0%52%+#3!1#.1!5%O!:*# =%3# '%(!1+# *;# 050/0!13%52%+# 5C*# 05/1;P:*# 5*# .1!5%O!3%52*#:*#;-*#:!#2%((!>+#/*3#%Y/%NC*# :*#2(!5-.*(2%#='%(!13%52%#.(09!:*+#.!(!#90!I '%5-#052%(3;50/0.!0->#!*#1*5'*#:!-#%-2(!:!-# .(05/0.!0-#=!9%50:!-#%#(*:*90!->M

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Sprawl urbano em Londrina

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Figura 1 - Londrina nas décadas de 1930 e 1940

Fonte: POLIDORO, 2010.

481900 482600 483300 484000 484700

7421400

7422100

7422800

7421400

7422100

7422800

Ruas Ocupação nos anos 30 e 40

Mapa Base: Instituro de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano de Londrina Fonte: IPPUL (2007)

Projeção Transversa de Mercator - Datum: SIRGAS 2000 Zona 22 S

Organização: Maurício Polidoro

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Figura 2 - Expansão urbana de Londrina

Fonte: IPPUL (2006) Projeção Transversa de Mercator Datum: SAD 69 Zona 22S 1 cm = 794m Organização: Maurício Polidoro Áreas em branco: sem dados

30

40 50 60

70 80 90 Perímetro Urbano

Vazios Urbanos Evolução Urbana Década:

0 1 2 4 km

490000

478000 481000 484000 487000

490000

478000 481000 484000 487000

7428000

7424000

7420000

7416000

7412000

7428000

7424000

7420000

7416000

7412000

N

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40

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Impactos do uso do automóvel em Londrina

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Figura 3 - Densidade demográﬁ ca e os vazios urbanos de Londrina

Tabela 1 - Dados demográﬁ cos de Londrina

Ano

População residente _{Taxa de}

crescimento geométrico (1)

Urbana Rural Total

Número % Número % Número %

1950 34.230 47,93 37.182 52,07 71.412 100,00

-1960 77.382 57,40 57.439 42,60 134.821 100,00 6,60

1970 163.528 71,69 64.573 28,31 228.101 100,00 5,40

1980 266.940 88,48 34.771 11,52 301.711 100,00 2,82

1991 366.676 94,00 23.424 6,00 390.100 100,00 2,36

1996 (2) 396.121 96,19 (2) 15.000 679 3,81 (2) 411.000 800 100,00

-2000 433.369 96,94 13.696 3,06 447.065 100,00 2,02

2010 493.520 97,40 13.181 2,60 506.701 100,00

-Fonte: IBGE – Censos Demográﬁ cos 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 e 2010; Contagem da População 1996 (IBGE, 2010).

Notas: (1) Já subtraída a população de Tamarana, que era distrito do Município de Londrina e foi desmembrado dele, por meio da Lei Estadual n. 11.224, de 13/12/1995. (2) Organização dos dados: PML/SEPLAN/Gerência de Pesquisas e Informações.

0 de 1 a 48 de 70 a 199 de 222 a 1.989 de 2.027 a 4.099

de 4.122 a 6.917 de 7.003 a 9.948 de 10.019 a 19.538 de 20.126 a 26.996 de 30.329 a 37.873 Perímetro Urbano

Vazios Urbanos Setores IBGE (2010) Densidade demográﬁca (hab/km²)

490000

478000 481000 484000 487000

490000

478000 481000 484000 487000

7428000

7424000

7420000

7416000

7412000

7428000

7424000

7420000

7416000

7412000

Fonte: IBGE (2010), IPPUL (2006) Projeção Transversa de Mercator Datum: SAD 69 Zona 22S 1 cm = 794m Organização: Maurício Polidoro Áreas em branco: sem dados

km

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Tabela 2 - Evolução do tipo de transporte automotivo utilizado

TIPO ANO Tx. cresc.

(aa%)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2011

Automóvel 99.300 103.718 101.315 106.066 110.315 116.968 123.695 131.264 184.842 3,62%

Camioneta 13.100 13.921 14.928 15.040 14.171 13.268 13.112 20.822 31.100 5,85%

Caminhão 6.216 6.398 5.987 6.310 6 436 6.677 6.850 7.093 10.776 1,61%

Motocicleta 21.111 21.486 20.457 22.143 23.562 26.491 29.321 32.180 57.811 5,59%

Ônibus 1.516 1.494 1.444 1.472 1.389 1.429 1.450 1.505 1.988 0,45%

(10)

42

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Figura 4 - Rendimento nominal médio e frequência do transporte coletivo

em Londrina

Fonte: Dados da pesquisa.

Figura 5 - Entroncamento viário em Londrina

Fonte: PML, 2008.

0

de R$ 255,38 a R$ 582,49 de R$ 605,40 a R$ 1.086,02 de R$ 1.108,15 a R$ 1.486,91 de R$ 1.507,65 a R$ 2.003,46 de R$ 2.010,73 a R$ 3.059,99

de R$ 3.124,07 a R$ 4.441,93 de R$ 4.676,65 a R$ 6.052,53 de R$ 6.147,27 a R$ 6.614,13 de R$ 7.164,39 a R$ 8.822,37 de R$ 9.121,33 a R$ 1.3594,99 de R$ 16.556,15 a R$ 2.1285,63 de R$ 22.394,40

487000 490000 493000 475000 478000 481000 484000

7404000 7432000 7428000 7424000 7420000 7416000 7412000 7408000 7404000 7432000 7428000 7424000 7420000 7416000 7412000 7408000 Vazios urbanos

Renda (IBGE, 2000) em R$

Frequencia das linhas do transporte coletivo: Regular

* setor em branco é um parque municipal

Irregular Semi-regular

Mapa base IPPUL (2006); IBGE (2000) Projeção Transversa de Mercator Datum: SAD 69 Zona 22S 1cm = 794m

0 1 2 4 km N S W E Perímetro Urbano 490000

478000 481000 484000 487000

490000

478000 481000 484000 487000

7428000

7424000

7420000

7416000

7412000

Fonte: IPPUL (2006), com dados de Plano Diretor Municipal (2007) Projeção Transversa de Mercator Datum: SAD 69 Zona 22S 1 cm = 794m Organização: Maurício Polidoro

km 0 1 2 4

7428000

7424000

7420000

7416000

7412000

Vias com carregamento viário Sistena Viária

Ibiporã

Centro Cambé

Região do Shopping e universidades

N

S

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Conclusões

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Tabela 3 - Dados sobre veículos (motorizados e bicicletas)

Município População* Automóveis** Índice de motorização _{(a cada 100 hab.)**}Bicicletas

Londrina (PR) 510.707 163.904 32 10

Maringá (PR) 335.511 123.411 37 11

Ribeirão Preto (SP) 563.107 218.675 39 14

Bauru (SP) 359.429 119.159 33 10

Joinville (SC) 497.331 167.568 34 9

(12)

44

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Agradecimentos #

Os autores agradecem a# A;5:!NC*# :%# 43.!(*# a

Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo pelo apoio ao projeto “Impactos Ambientais Urbanos em Áreas de Expansão: Desafi os ao Planejamento Metropolitano”, por meio do processo n. 2009/11086-8. Agradecemos também ao CNPq pelo apoio ao Projeto n. 06278, “Atlas Digital da Região Metropolitana de Londrina – PR – Brasil”.

Referências

48H4]E+#4M#$M#Is smarth growth for low-income house-holdsK#!#-2;:m#*)#2@%#03.!/2#*)#)*;(#-3!(2@#'(*l2@#.(05I /0.1%-#*5#2@%#-;..1m#*)#!))*(:!71%#@*;-05'M#vjd#)M#\@%-0-# =E*/2*(!2%# 05# G@01*-*.@m># t# 8509%(-02m# *)# G022-7;('@+# G022-7;('@+#iTTkM#

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MMM"#*#3*3%52*#!2;!1#-05!10R!#;3!#.(*);5:!#/(0-%# -*/0!1#.(%--%520:!#.%1!#:%2%(0*(!NC*#:!-#(%1!N[%-# -*/0!0-+# .%1!# 2%5:W5/0!# !*# %-/!--%!3%52*# :!-# (%I 1!N[%-#:%#90R05@!5N!+#.%1!#:0305;0NC*#:*-#%-.!N*-# :%#-*/0!7010:!:%#=!X;%1%#:!#(;!+#!X;%1%#:*#.%X;%I 5*#/*3V(/0*#:%#7!0((*+#:!-#.(!N!->+#.%1!#03.1*-C*# :*# 7!0((*+# .%1!# :%2%(0*(!NC*# :*# %-.!N*# .U710/*+# .%1*#%-9!R0!3%52*M

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(13)

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