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Perspectives of increasing energy efficiency on designing new and reconstruction of present city districts: World experiences and local recommendations

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ROJEKTOVAWE NOVIH I

REKONSTRUKCIJA POSTOJE]IH GRADSKIH

BLOKOVA SA ASPEKTA POVE]AWA

ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI – SVETSKA

ISKUSTVA I LOKALNE PREPORUKE

Mila Pucar*, Marina Nenkovi}**

UDK

72.22.025.4

*

Rezime:

Dvadeseti vek je sa sobom doneo zna~ajnu ener-getsku potro{wu i samim tim oz biqnu ekolo{ku krizu izazvanu sagorevawem fosilnih goriva (nafta, ugaq). Upravo zbog toga mnoge zemqe su na nacionalnom nivou donele zakonske okvire koji stimuli{u smawewe kori{}ewa klasi~nih i upotrebu obnovqivih izvora energije. Ovaj prob-lem je posebno zastupqen u sektoru zgradarstva, koje tro{i oko 50% ukupno proizvedene energije. U radu su date metodolo{ke preporuke u vezi sa principima energetski efikasne izgradwe i poboq{awa uslova komfora i prikazane pred-nosti kori{}ewa pasivne solarne energije u odnosu na klasi~ne izvore energije, dobijene iz fosilnih goriva. Razmatrane su mogu}nosti primene ovih principa prilikom rekonstrukcije i izgradwe novih stambenih blokova. U radu je pri-kazano naseqe u Francuskoj, izgra|eno sredinom 60-tih godina pro{log veka, u kome su, prilikom rekonstrukcije sprovedeni ovi principi, kao i primer solarnog naseqa u Gr~koj izgra|enog 80-ih godina, koje je od po~etka projektovano po bioklimatskim principima. Na osnovu navedenih primera date su preporuke za rekonstrukciju novobeogradskog bloka 7/3, gra|enog krajem 50-tih i po~etkom 60-50-tih godina HH veka. Dati su i metodolo{ki postupci za rekonstrukciju, koja koristi principe energetski efikasnog plani-rawa i projektovawa, primene solarne energije i poboq{awa uslova komfora.

Kqu~ne re~i:gradski blok, energetski

efikasna gradwa, rekonstrukcija, bioklimatsko projektovawe, solarna energija, pasivni solarni sistemi

Abstract: With 20th century along came a significant increase of energy consumption and a serious ecological crisis caused by the extensive usage of fossil fuels (oil, coal). Because of that, many countries have declared regulations to lower the traditional energy consumption and to stimulate usage of renewable energy sources. This prob-lem is particulary evident in residential buildings

sector, because over 50% of the overall energy produced is sinked in this way. This paper gives methodological recommendations regarding the principles of energy efficient housing and general comfort improvement as well as evident advan-tages of passive solar panels compared to tradi-tional energy sources (fossil fuels). These pos-sibilities are considered in two different scenarios:

reconstruction of already built city blocks, and energy efficient implementation in case of brand new structures. This paper considers two differ-ent case studies, one reconstructive - a city block

in France, built in the mid 60’s and the other of energy efficient settlement in Greece „Solar

Vil-lage“, built in the 80’s, which was designed by bioclimatic principles from the very beginning. Energy efficient planning and design method-ological recommendations based on these two examples are regarding the New Belgrade block 7/3, which has been built in the 50’s.

Key words: city block, energy efficient design, reconstruction, bioclimatic design, passive solar systems

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ErSPECtiVES oF iNCrEaSiNG ENErGY EFFiCiENCY oN dESiGNiNG NEW aNd rECoNStrUCtioN oF PrESENt CitY diStriCtS-World EXPEriENCES aNd loCal

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OMPARATIVNA ANALIZA SVETSKIH ISKUSTAVA I LOKALNIH POTENCIJALA

Sl. 1. Po~etak

rekonstrukcije naseqa Livr Dor

Fig.1.

Beginning of the Lievre d'Or neighborhood reconstruction

1 Naseqe Livr Dor (Lievre d'Or) izgra|eno je u periodu 1965-1967. godine, u gradu Dru (Dreux) u severnoj Francuskoj, kao rezultat naglog porasta broja stanovnika u industrijskom delu grada.

2 Naseqe Likovrisi je izgra|eno u periodu 1987-1990. godine u blizini Atine, u skladu sa postoje}im klimatskim parametrima, zahtevima stanovnika, a kao rezultat `eqe projektanata da smawe upotrebu tradicionalnih energetskih izvora.

URBANISTI^KI PARAMETRI Tabela.1.

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Sl. 2.

Izgradwa stambenog naseqa Likovrisi

Fig. 2.

Lykovrissi settlement realization

NASEqE

BLoK 7/3

Tabela 2.

Postoje}e stawe-lokalna iskustva [5, 9]

Sl. 3.

Situacija blokova 7. i 8. – postoje}e stawe

Fig. 3.

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Sl. 4.

Prozori – ju`na orijentacija

Fig. 4.

Windows – southwise oriented

Sl. 5.

Prozori - severna orijentacija

Fig. 5.

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Sl. 6.

Posledice podizawa nivoa podzemnih voda

Fig. 6.

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NASEqE

Livr Dor

Likovrisi

CIqEVI REKONSTRUKCIJE/ IZGRADWE

Tabela 3.

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Sl. 8. Novoizgra|ena struktura u nasequ Livr Dor

Fig. 8.

Newly added structure to the Lievre d'Or settlement

Sl. 9.

Novoprojektovano solarno naseqe Likovrisi

Fig. 9.

Newly projected solar village Lykovrissi

Sl. 10.

Trombeov (a) i vodeni zid (b) na objektu u nasequ Likovrisi

Fig. 10.

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Sl. 11.

Popre~ni presek objekata u nasequ Likovrisi

Fig. 11.

Lykovrissi building cross section

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NASEqE

BLoK 7/3

C Tab. 4.

Intervencije-lokalna iskustva

Sl. 13.

Postoje}e stawe(a) i predlo`ene intervencije na objektu(b)

Fig. 13.

Current state (a) and suggested building interventions (b)

Sl. 12.

Postoje}e stawe(a) i mogu}e intervencije na ju`noj fasadi(b)

Fig. 12.

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