Heurísticas para a geração de arquiteturas reconfiguráveis em arranjos bidimensionais.

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❆ ❞❡♠❛♥❞❛ ♣♦( ❞❡)❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❝♦♠♣✉-❛❝✐♦♥❛❧ ♣❛(❛ )✐)-❡♠❛) ❡♠❜❛(❝❛❞♦) ✭❝❡❧✉❧❛(❡)✱ 3❉❆)✱ ❡-❝✳✮ ✈❡♠ ❝(❡)❝❡♥❞♦ ♥♦) 8❧-✐♠♦) ❛♥♦)✳ ❊♥-(❡-❛♥-♦✱ ❤♦❥❡ ❡①✐)-❡♠ ♥♦✈❛) (❡)✲ -(✐=>❡) ♣❛(❛ ❛-❡♥❞❡( ❛♦ ♠❡(❝❛❞♦✱ ❝♦♠ ♦) ❞✐)♣♦)✐-✐✈♦) ♠?✈❡✐) ❝❛❞❛ ✈❡③ ♠❛✐) ♣(❡)❡♥-❡) ❡♠ ♥♦))❛ ✈✐❞❛ ❡ ❡♠ ♥♦))❛ ❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❛✳

❙❡❣✉✐♥❞♦ ❡))❛ -❡♥❞C♥❝✐❛ ♠✉♥❞✐❛❧✱ ♦) ❝♦♥)✉♠✐❞♦(❡) ❞❡ ❤♦❥❡ ❜✉)❝❛♠ ✉♠ ❞✐)♣♦)✐-✐✈♦ ♣♦(-D-✐❧ E✉❡ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡ ❛) ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡) ❞❡ ✉♠ -❡❧❡❢♦♥❡✱ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❛❣❡♥❞❛✱ ❞♦ ❛❝❡))♦ G ✐♥-❡(♥❡- ❡ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❝H♠❡(❛ ❞✐❣✐-❛❧ ✭▼❡✐ ❡- ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✺✮✳ ■)-♦ (❡E✉❡( ❞♦) ♥♦✈♦) ❞✐)♣♦)✐✲ -✐✈♦) ✉♠❛ ❝❛♣❛❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ♣(♦❝❡))❛♠❡♥-♦ E✉❡ ♣♦))❛ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛( ❛) ❞✐❢❡(❡♥-❡) ❡①✐❣C♥❝✐❛) ❞❡ ❞❡)❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❞❡)-❛) ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡) ❝♦♠ ❛) (❡)-(✐=>❡) ❞❡ ❡♥❡(❣✐❛ ✭❞❡✈✐❞♦ ❛♦ ✉)♦ ❞❡ ❜❛-❡(✐❛✮ ❡ ❛ ♣♦-C♥❝✐❛ ✭❛E✉❡❝✐♠❡♥-♦✮✳

❆❧N♠ ❞✐))♦✱ ♦) )✐)-❡♠❛) ❞❡✈❡♠ ♣(♦❝✉(❛( )❡♠♣(❡ E✉❡ ♣♦))O✈❡❧ ❢❛③❡( ✉)♦ ❞❛ D(❡❛ ❞✐)✲ ♣♦♥O✈❡❧ ❡♠ )✐❧O❝✐♦✱ )❡❣✉✐♥❞♦ ❛ ❧❡✐ ❞❡ ▼♦♦(❡ ✭▼♦♦(❡✱ ✶✾✻✺✮✳ ❙❡❣✉♥❞♦ ▼♦♦(❡✱ ❛ ❞❡♥)✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✐♥-❡❣(❛=S♦ ❞♦❜(❛ ❛ ❝❛❞❛ ✶✽ ♠❡)❡)✳ ❆-✉❛❧♠❡♥-❡✱ ❞❡✈✐❞♦ G) ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐❞❛❞❡) ❞❛) ❛(E✉✐✲ -❡-✉(❛) ❛-✉❛✐)✱ ♦ ❞❡)❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❡ ❛ ♣(♦❞✉-✐✈✐❞❛❞❡ ❞♦) ♣(♦❥❡-♦) ♥S♦ ❛❝♦♠♣❛♥❤❛♠ ♠❛✐) ❛ ❧❡✐ ❞❡ ▼♦♦(❡✳ ❆ ❋✐❣✉(❛ ✶✳✶✱ ❡①-(❛O❞❛ ❞❡ ❆✉)-✐♥ ❡- ❛❧✳ ✭✷✵✵✹✮✱ ♠♦)-(❛ ❛ ❞✐❢❡(❡♥=❛ ❡♥-(❡ ❛ ❧❡✐ ❞❡ ▼♦♦(❡ ❡ ❛ ♣❡(❢♦(♠❛♥❝❡ ❛-✉❛❧✱ ✉-✐❧✐③❛♥❞♦ ♣❛(❛ ✐))♦ ❛) ♠N-(✐❝❛) ❞❡ ❞❡)❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❞♦ ❝♦♥❥✉♥-♦ ❞❡ ❜❡♥❝❤♠❛'❦) ❙3❊❈■♥-✷✵✵✵✱ E✉❡ ✉-✐❧✐③❛ ♦ 3❛(❛❧❡❧✐)♠♦ ❛ ◆O✈❡❧ ❞❡ ■♥)-(✉=S♦ ✕ ■♥)+'✉❝+✐♦♥ ▲❡✈❡❧ 2❛'❛❧❡❧✐)♠ ✭■▲3✮✱ ❛♣❧✐❝❛❞♦ ❛ ❣❡(❛=S♦ ❞❡ ♣(♦❝❡))❛❞♦(❡) ■♥-❡❧✳ 3♦❞❡✲ )❡ ♥♦-❛( E✉❡ ❛ ♣❛(-✐( ❞♦ 3❡♥-✐✉♠ ■■■✱ E✉❡ ❥D ✐♥❝♦(♣♦(❛ ♣(♦❝❡))❛♠❡♥-♦ )✉♣❡()❝❛❧❛(✱ ♦ ❣❛♥❤♦ ❡♠ ❞❡)❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❞❡✐①♦✉ ❞❡ ❛❝♦♠♣❛♥❤❛( ❛ ❧❡✐ ❞❡ ▼♦♦(❡✱ ❡)-❛♥❞♦ ✉♠❛ ♦(❞❡♠ ❞❡ ❣(❛♥❞❡③❛ ❛❜❛✐①♦✱ ♠♦-✐✈❛♥❞♦ ❛ ❜✉)❝❛ ❞❡ ♥♦✈❛) ❛❧-❡(♥❛-✐✈❛)✳

✶✳ ■♥$%♦❞✉)*♦ ✸

♣"❡❢❡"❡ ✉&❛" ❛ ("❡❛ ♣❛"❛ ❝♦❧♦❝❛" ❞♦✐& ♣"♦❝❡&&❛❞♦"❡& ❞❛ ❣❡"❛/0♦ ❛1✉❛❧✱ &✐♠♣❧✐✜❝❛♥❞♦ ♦ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ❡ 1✐"❛♥❞♦ ♣"♦✈❡✐1♦ ❞❛ 1❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛✱ ♣♦" ✐&&♦ ✈("✐❛& ❡♠♣"❡&❛& ♣❛&&❛"❛♠ ❛ ❢❛❜"✐❝❛" ❝❤✐♣& ❝♦♠ ✈("✐♦& ♥:❝❧❡♦& ♣"♦❝❡&&❛❞♦"❡&✳

❖ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ="♦❝❡&&❛❞♦" ❞❡ ="♦♣>&✐1♦ ●❡"❛❧ ✕ ●❡♥❡#❛❧ &✉#♣♦*❡ &#♦❝❡**♦# ✭●==✮ ❡♠ ❤❛"❞✇❛"❡ D ✉♠❛ 1❛"❡❢❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①❛✱ ❝♦♠ ✉♠ ❧♦♥❣♦ 1❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ❡ ✉♠ ❛❧1♦ ❝✉&1♦✳ ❖ ❝✉&1♦ &❡"( ❛♠♦"1❡❝✐❞♦ &❡ ❢♦" ✉♠ &✉❝❡&&♦ ❞❡ ✈❡♥❞❛&✳ ❙❡ ♦ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ❢♦" ❛❧1❡"❛❞♦✱ ✉♠ ❛❧1♦ ❝✉&1♦ ❞❡❝♦""❡♥1❡ ❞❛ ❢❛❜"✐❝❛/0♦ ❞❛& ♣"✐♠❡✐"❛& ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡& D ❣❡"❛❞♦✳ ❖ ●== ♦❢❡"❡❝❡ ♠✉✐1❛ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡✳ ❊♥1"❡1❛♥1♦✱ ❛ ❡①❡❝✉/0♦ ❞❡ &♦❢1✇❛"❡& ❡&♣❡❝I✜❝♦& ♣♦❞❡ ♥0♦ ❛1❡♥❞❡" ❛& "❡&1"✐/J❡& ❞❡ ❡♥❡"❣✐❛✱ ♣♦1K♥❝✐❛ ❡ ❞❡&❡♠♣❡♥❤♦✱ L✉❛♥❞♦ ❝♦♠♣❛"❛❞♦& ❛♦& ♦❜1✐❞♦& ♣♦" ✉♠ ❈✐"❝✉✐1♦ ■♥1❡❣"❛❞♦ ❞❡ ❆♣❧✐❝❛/0♦ ❊&♣❡❝I✜❝❛ ✕ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛.✐♦♥ ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝ ■♥.❡❣#❛.❡ ❈✐#❝✉✐. ✭❆❙■❈✮ ♣"♦❥❡1❛❞♦ ♣❛"❛ ❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛/0♦ ❛❧✈♦ ✭❘✐❜❡✐"♦✱ ✷✵✵✷✮✳

❆❣♦"❛ &❡ ❝♦♥&✐❞❡"❛"♠♦& ♦& ❆❙■❈& ✭❲✉ ✫ ❚&❛✐✱ ✷✵✵✹✮✱ L✉❡ "❡L✉❡"❡♠ ♠(&❝❛"❛& ❡&♣❡✲ ❝I✜❝❛& ♣❛"❛ ❝❛❞❛ ♣"♦❥❡1♦✱ ❝♦♠ ✉♠ ❛❧1♦ ❝✉&1♦ ❞❡ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ❡ ✉♠ 1❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ❞❡&❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥1♦ ❧♦♥❣♦✱ ♣❛"❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛/J❡& ❝♦♠ ✉♠❛ ❛❧1❛ ❞❡♠❛♥❞❛ ❡ ✉♠ ❣"❛♥❞❡ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❡ ♣"♦❞✉/0♦✱ ♦ ❛❧1♦ ❝✉&1♦ ❞♦ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ 1❛♠❜D♠ D ❛♠♦"1✐③❛❞♦ ✭❘✐❜❡✐"♦✱ ✷✵✵✷✮✳ =♦"D♠ ❛❧1❡"❛/J❡& ♥♦ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ♦✉ ♥❛& ❛♣❧✐❝❛/J❡& ♣♦❞❡♠ ❝❛✉&❛" ✉♠ ❣"❛♥❞❡ ♣"❡❥✉I③♦✱ ❡ ♦ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ❞❡✈❡ &❡" "❡❢❡✐1♦✳ ❖✉ &❡❥❛✱ ❡&1❛ &♦❧✉/0♦ 1❡♠ ❞❡&❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ♣♦"D♠ ♥0♦ 1❡♠ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡✳

❈♦♠♦ ❛❧1❡"♥❛1✐✈❛ ♣❛"❛ ❛& &♦❧✉/J❡& ✜①❛& ❡♠ ❤❛"❞✇❛"❡✱ ❛♣❛"❡❝❡♠ Y& &♦❧✉/J❡& ❡♠ ❤❛"❞✇❛"❡ "❡❝♦♥✜❣✉"(✈❡❧ ❥( L✉❡ ♦ ❤❛"❞✇❛"❡ "❡❝♦♥✜❣✉"(✈❡❧ ♣♦❞❡ &❡" ❛❧1❡"❛❞♦ ❞❡♣♦✐& ❞❛ ❢❛❜"✐❝❛/0♦✱ ❡ ❛❧1❡"❛/J❡& ❞❡ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ♣♦❞❡♠ &❡" ❢❛❝✐❧♠❡♥1❡ ✐♥&❡"✐❞❛& &❡♠ ♣"♦✈♦❝❛" ♣"❡❥✉I③♦&✱ ❛❧D♠ ❞❡ ♣♦❞❡" &❡" ✉1✐❧✐③❛❞♦ ♣❛"❛ ♥♦✈❛& ❛♣❧✐❝❛/J❡&✳

❉❡♥1"♦ ❞❡&&❛ ♣❡"&♣❡❝1✐✈❛ ❛& ❆"L✉✐1❡1✉"❛& ❘❡❝♦♥✜❣✉"(✈❡✐& ✭❇♦&&✉❡1 ❡1 ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✸✮ ✈K♠ &✉"❣✐♥❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠❛ &♦❧✉/0♦ ❛1"❛1✐✈❛ ❡♠ 1❡"♠♦& ❞❡ ❝❛♣❛❝✐❞❛❞❡✱ ❞❡&❡♠♣❡♥❤♦✱ ❜❛✐①♦ ❝♦♥&✉♠♦ ❞❡ ❡♥❡"❣✐❛ ❡ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ✭♣❡❧❛& ♣♦&&✐❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡& ❞❡ "❡❝♦♥✜❣✉"❛/0♦ ❡♠ 1❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ❡①❡❝✉/0♦ ❡ "❡❝✉"&♦& ❞❡ ♠✉❧1✐❣"❛♥✉❧❛"✐❞❛❞❡✮✳ ❆♦ ❝♦♥1"("✐♦ ❞♦& ♣"♦❝❡&&❛❞♦"❡& L✉❡ ♣♦&&✉❡♠ ❛❧1❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ❡ ♥0♦ ❝♦♥&❡❣✉❡♠ ♠❛✐& ❛❝♦♠♣❛♥❤❛" ❛ ❧❡✐ ❞❡ ▼♦♦"❡ ✭▼♦♦"❡✱ ✶✾✻✺❀ ❉❡❇❡♥❡❞✐❝1✐&✱ ✷✵✵✹❀ ■♥1❡❧✱ ✷✵✵✽❜✮✱ ♦& ❝✐"❝✉✐1♦& "❡❝♦♥✜❣✉"(✈❡✐& &0♦ "❡❣✉❧❛"❡&✱ ❝♦♠♦ ❛& ♠❡♠>"✐❛&✱ ❡ ✈❡♠ ❞♦❜"❛♥❞♦ ❞❡ ❞❡♥&✐❞❛❞❡ ❛ ❝❛❞❛ ✶✽ ♠❡&❡&✳

❆❧D♠ ❞✐&&♦✱ ❛& ✐♥❞:&1"✐❛& ❞❡ "❡❝♦♥✜❣✉"(✈❡✐& ♣♦&&✉❡♠ ✉♠ ❢❛1✉"❛♠❡♥1♦ ❞❛ ♦"❞❡♠ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❜✐❧❤0♦ ❞❡ ❞>❧❛"❡& ❛♦ ❛♥♦ ✭=❛11❡"&♦♥✱ ✷✵✵✻✮✳ ❊♥1"❡1❛♥1♦ ❢❛❧1❛♠ ❢❡""❛♠❡♥1❛& ♣❛"❛ ♣"♦❥❡1♦ ❡ &✐♠✉❧❛/0♦ ❞❡ ❛"L✉✐1❡1✉"❛& ♠✉❧1✐♥:❝❧❡♦& ❝♦♠ ✉♠ ❛❧1♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❡ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡&✳

❖ ❣"✉♣♦ ❞❡ ♣❡&L✉✐&❛ ❘❡*❡❛#❝❤ ❆❝❝❡❧❡#❛.♦# ❢♦# ▼✉❧.✐♣❧❡ &#♦❝❡**♦#* ✭❘❆▼=✮ ♣❧❛♥❡❥❛ ♦ ❞❡&❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥1♦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❛"L✉✐1❡1✉"❛ ❝♦♠ ✶✵✷✹ ♣"♦❝❡&&❛❞♦"❡&✱ ❝♦♠ ♦ ❡&❢♦"/♦ ❝♦♥❥✉♥1♦ ❞♦ ▼■❚✱ ❈▼❯✱ ■♥1❡❧ ❡ ✉♥✐✈❡"&✐❞❛❞❡& ❞❡ ❇❡"❦❡❧❡②✱ ❙1❛♥❢♦"❞ ❡ ❲❛&❤✐♥❣1♦♥ ✭❲❛✇"③②♥❡❦ ❡1 ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✼✮✳

✶✳ ■♥$%♦❞✉)*♦ ✹

!❡ #♦%♥❛%❛♠ ❝❛❞❛ ✈❡③ ♠❛✐! ✐♠♣♦%#❛♥#❡! ♥♦! /❧#✐♠♦! ❛♥♦! ✭❍❛%#❡♥!#❡✐♥✱ ✷✵✵✶❜❀ ❇♦!!✉❡# ❡# ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✸❀ ❇❛♥!❛❧ ❡# ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✹❀ ❍✉❛♥❣ ❡# ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✹✮✳ ❊!#❛ ❛❜♦%❞❛❣❡♠ %❡❞✉③ ♦ #❡♠♣♦ ❡ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❝♦♥✜❣✉%❛BC♦✱ ❜❡♠ ❝♦♠♦ ♣%♦❜❧❡♠❛! ❞❡ #❛♠❛♥❤♦✱ ♣♦!✐❝✐♦♥❛♠❡♥#♦ ❡ %♦#❡❛♠❡♥#♦✱ ♣♦!!✐❜✐❧✐#❛♥❞♦ ✉♠❛ ♦#✐♠✐③❛BC♦ ❞♦ #❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ♣%♦❥❡#♦ ❡ !F♥#❡!❡✳ ◆♦ ❡♥#❛♥#♦✱ ♠✉✐#❛! ❛%H✉✐#❡#✉%❛! ♣❛%❡❝❡♠ !❡% ❝♦♥❝❡❜✐❞❛! !❡♠ ❢♦%#❡! ❡✈✐❞J♥❝✐❛! ❞♦ ♣♦%H✉❡ ❛❧❣✉♠❛! ❞❡❝✐!K❡! ❞❡ ♣%♦❥❡#♦ ❢♦%❛♠ #♦♠❛❞❛!✳

✶✳✶ ▼♦$✐✈❛()♦

❆ ❜✉!❝❛ ♣♦% ❛%H✉✐#❡#✉%❛! ♠❛✐! ❛♣%♦♣%✐❛❞❛! ♣❛%❛ ♣%♦❝❡!!❛♠❡♥#♦ ✐♥#❡♥!✐✈♦ ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦! ❜❛!❡❛❞❛! ♥❛! ❛%H✉✐#❡#✉%❛! ❞❡ ❛%%❛♥❥♦! ❡ ♥❛ ✉#✐❧✐③❛BC♦ ❞❡ ✢✉①♦ ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦! ♥♦ ❧✉❣❛% ❞♦ ✢✉①♦ ❞❡ ✐♥!#%✉BK❡!✱ ✈❡♠ !❡ #♦%♥❛♥❞♦ ✉♠❛ ✐♠♣♦%#❛♥#❡ ♦♣BC♦ ♣❛%❛ !❡ ♦❜#❡% ❞❡!❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❛❞❡H✉❛❞♦✱ !❡♠ ❝♦♥!✉♠♦ ❡❧❡✈❛❞♦ ❞❡ ❡♥❡%❣✐❛ ❡♠ ❝♦♠♣❛%❛BC♦ ❝♦♠ ❛ ❣❡%❛BC♦ ❛#✉❛❧ ❞❡ ♣%♦❝❡!!❛❞♦%❡!✳

❆♠❜✐❡♥#❡! ♣❛%❛ ✐♥✈❡!#✐❣❛% ♦ ❡!♣❛B♦ ❞❡ ♣%♦❥❡#♦ ✈J♠ !❡♥❞♦ ♣%♦♣♦!#♦! ✭❍❛%#❡♥!#❡✐♥ ❡# ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✵❛✮✱ ❜✉!❝❛♥❞♦ ✉♠❛ ♠❡❧❤♦% ❡①♣❧♦%❛BC♦ ❞❛! ❞✐✈❡%!❛! ❝❛%❛❝#❡%F!#✐❝❛! ♣%❡!❡♥#❡! ♥❡!!❛! ❛%H✉✐#❡#✉%❛!✳ ◆♦!!❛ ❛❜♦%❞❛❣❡♠ ♣%♦♣K❡ ✉♠ ❛♠❜✐❡♥#❡ ♣❛%❛ ❣❡%❛% ❡ ❛✈❛❧✐❛% ✉♠ ❣%❛♥❞❡ ♥/♠❡%♦ ❞❡ ♣❛❞%K❡! ❧♦❝❛✐! ❞❡ ✐♥#❡%❧✐❣❛BC♦✳

❊!#❡! ♣❛❞%K❡! ❧♦❝❛✐! !C♦ ❡!❝❛❧N✈❡✐!✱ ♦ H✉❡ O ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥#❛❧ ♣❛%❛ ♦ ❛♣%♦✈❡✐#❛♠❡♥#♦ ❞❛! ✈❛♥#❛❣❡♥! ❞♦! ❛✈❛♥B♦! ❞❛! ♥♦✈❛! #❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛! ❜❛!❡❛❞❛! ❡♠ !✐❧F❝✐♦✳ ❯♠ ❞♦! ♣%♦❜❧❡♠❛! ♣%✐♥❝✐♣❛✐! ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❛%H✉✐#❡#✉%❛ ♣❛%❛❧❡❧❛ O ❛ %❡❞❡ ❞❡ ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛BC♦ ❡♥#%❡ ❛! ❞✐✈❡%!❛! ✉♥✐✲ ❞❛❞❡!✳ ❊!#❡ #%❛❜❛❧❤♦ ❛❜♦%❞❛ ❛! ❛%H✉✐#❡#✉%❛! %❡❝♦♥✜❣✉%N✈❡✐! ❡ !✉❛! %❡❞❡! ❞❡ ❝♦♥❡①K❡!✳

❯♠❛ ❝❛%❛❝#❡%F!#✐❝❛ ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥#❛❧ ❛ !❡% ❡!#✉❞❛❞❛ !❡%N ♦ ❢♦%♠❛#♦ ❞♦! ♣❛❞%K❡! ❞❡ ❝♦✲ ♥❡①C♦ ❞♦! ❡❧❡♠❡♥#♦! ❞❡ ♣%♦❝❡!!❛♠❡♥#♦✳ ❆#✉❛❧♠❡♥#❡✱ ♦ ❛#%❛!♦ ❞❛! ❝♦♥❡①K❡! ✈❡♠ !❡♥❞♦ ❞♦♠✐♥❛♥#❡ ❡♠ %❡❧❛BC♦ ❛♦ ❛#%❛!♦ ❞❛! ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡! ❞❡ ❝N❧❝✉❧♦✳ ❆❧O♠ ❞✐!!♦✱ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❣❡%❛BC♦ ❞❛! ❝♦♥❡①K❡! ❞✐✜❝✉❧#❛ ❛ ❡!#✐♠❛BC♦ ❞♦ ❛#%❛!♦ ❡ ❞❛ ❡♥❡%❣✐❛ ❝♦♥!✉♠✐❞❛ ♥❛! ❡#❛♣❛! ✐♥✐❝✐❛✐! ❞❡ ❛❧❣✉♥! ♣%♦❥❡#♦!✳

✶✳✷ ❖❜❥❡$✐✈♦/

❊!#❡ #%❛❜❛❧❤♦ ♣%♦♣K❡ ✉♠❛ ❢❡%%❛♠❡♥#❛ ♣❛%❛ ❣❡%❛BC♦ ❡ ❡①♣❧♦%❛BC♦ ❞❡ ❞✐✈❡%!♦! ♣❛❞%K❡! ❞❡ ✐♥#❡%❝♦♥❡①C♦ ❧♦❝❛❧✳ ◆♦!!❛ ❛❜♦%❞❛❣❡♠ ✐♥✐❝✐❛❧ O ❜❛!❡❛❞❛ ♥❛! ❤❡✉%F!#✐❝❛! ❆❧❣♦%✐#♠♦ ●❡♥O#✐❝♦ ✭❆●✮ ❡ ❛"❤ ❘❡❧✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✭S❘✮ ♣❛%❛ ❣❡%❛% ♥♦✈♦! ♣❛❞%K❡! ❞❡ ❝♦♥❡①C♦ ❛ ♣❛%#✐% ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥#♦ ✐♥✐❝✐❛❧✱ ♦! ♠❡❧❤♦%❡! ♣❛❞%K❡! ♦❜#✐❞♦! !❡%✈❡♠ ❞❡ ❡♥#%❛❞❛ ♣❛%❛ ♦✉#%❛! ❤❡✉%F!#✐❝❛! ❛ ✜♠ ❞❡ !❡ ❝♦♥!❡❣✉✐% ✉♠❛ ♦#✐♠✐③❛BC♦ ❛✐♥❞❛ ♠❛✐♦%✳

✶✳ ■♥$%♦❞✉)*♦ ✺

❡♠ ♠✉❧%✐♠'❞✐❛✱ ❝♦♠♦ ❝♦❞✐✜❝❛./♦✱ ❝♦♠♣❛❝%❛./♦✱ ♣1♦❝❡22❛♠❡♥%♦✱ ❡%❝✳ ❆ ✐❞❡✐❛ ❝❡♥%1❛❧ ♣❛1❛ %❛✐2 ❛16✉✐%❡%✉1❛2 7 ❛ ❞✐2%1✐❜✉✐./♦ ❞❛2 ❝♦♠♣✉%❛.9❡2 ❞❡ ✉♠ ❛❧❣♦1✐%♠♦ ♣❛1❛ ✈<1✐❛2 ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡2 ❞❡ ♣1♦❝❡22❛♠❡♥%♦✱ ♦✉ ❊❧❡♠❡♥%♦ ❞❡ ()♦❝❡++❛♠❡♥%♦ ✕ ()♦❝❡++ ❊❧❡♠❡♥% ✭(❊✮✱ ❞❡ ❢♦1♠❛ 6✉❡ 2❡❥❛♠ ❡①❡❝✉%❛❞❛2 ❡♠ ♣❛1❛❧❡❧♦✳

✶✳✸ ❖$❣❛♥✐③❛*+♦ ❞♦ .❡①.♦

❖2 ♣1A①✐♠♦2 ❝❛♣'%✉❧♦2 ❡2%/♦ ♦1❣❛♥✐③❛❞♦2 ❞❡ ❢♦1♠❛✿ ♦ ❈❛♣'%✉❧♦ ✷ ❛♣1❡2❡♥%❛ ❛ 1❡✈✐2/♦ ❜✐❜❧✐♦❣1<✜❝❛ ❡ ❛ ❝♦♥%❡①%✉❛❧✐③❛./♦ ❞❛2 ❛16✉✐%❡%✉1❛2 ❞❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥%♦2 ❞❡ ❛❧%❛ ❣1❛♥✉❧❛1✐❞❛❞❡✱ ❝♦♠ 2✉❛2 ✈❛♥%❛❣❡♥2 ❡ ❞❡2✈❛♥%❛❣❡♥2✳ ❖ ❈❛♣'%✉❧♦ ✸ ❞❡2❝1❡✈❡ ♦ ♣1♦❝❡22♦ ❞❡ ❡①%1❛./♦ ❞❛ 1❡♣1❡2❡♥%❛./♦ ❡♠ ✢✉①♦ ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦2 ❛ ♣❛1%✐1 ❞♦ ❝A❞✐❣♦ ❢♦♥%❡✱ ❡ ♦ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❣1<✜❝♦ ✉%✐❧✐③❛❞♦ ❞✉1❛♥%❡ ♦ ♠❛♣❡❛♠❡♥%♦✳ ❊22❡ ❝❛♣'%✉❧♦ ❞❡2❝1❡✈❡✱ ❛✐♥❞❛✱ ❝❛❞❛ ❢❛2❡ ❡♥✈♦❧✈✐❞❛ ♥♦ ♠❛♣❡❛✲ ♠❡♥%♦✱ ❛22✐♠ ❝♦♠♦✱ ❛2 ♠7%1✐❝❛2 ✉%✐❧✐③❛❞❛2 ❞✉1❛♥%❡ ❛ ❛✈❛❧✐❛./♦ ❞❛ ♠❡❧❤♦1 2♦❧✉./♦ ♣❡❧♦ ♣1♦❝❡22♦ ❞❡ ♠❛♣❡❛♠❡♥%♦✳

◆♦ ❈❛♣'%✉❧♦ ✹✱ 7 ❛♣1❡2❡♥%❛❞♦ ♦ ❣❡1❛❞♦1 ❞❡ ❛16✉✐%❡%✉1❛2 ❞❡2❡♥✈♦❧✈✐❞♦ ♥❡2%❡ %1❛❜❛❧❤♦ ❡ ❝♦♠♦ ❛2 ❤❡✉1'2%✐❝❛2 ❛✈❛❧✐❛❞❛2 2/♦ ✉%✐❧✐③❛❞❛2 ❞❡ ❢♦1♠❛ ✐2♦❧❛❞❛ ❡ ❡♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥%♦✱ ♣♦22✐✲ ❜✐❧✐%❛♥❞♦ ❛ ♦❜%❡♥./♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ♠❡❧❤♦1 1❡2✉❧%❛❞♦ ❤❡✉1'2%✐❝♦ ❞❛2 ❛16✉✐%❡%✉1❛2 ❣❡1❛❞❛2✳ ❆ ❋✐❣✉1❛ ✹✳✶ ♠♦2%1❛ ✉♠ ❞✐❛❣1❛♠❛ ❞♦ ❣❡1❛❞♦1✳ ◆❡22❡ ❝❛♣'%✉❧♦ 2/♦ ❞❡2❝1✐%❛2 ❛✐♥❞❛ ❞✉❛2 ♠❡%♦❞♦❧♦❣✐❛2 ✉%✐❧✐③❛❞❛2 ♣❛1❛ ❛ ❡①%1❛./♦ ❞❡ ❛16✉✐%❡%✉1❛2 ❛ ♣❛1%✐1 ❞❡ ✉♠✱ ♦✉ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥%♦ ❞❡ ✢✉①♦2 ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦2✱ ❡ ❡22❛2 ❞✉❛2 ♠❡%♦❞♦❧♦❣✐❛2 ❡♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥%♦ ❛✐♥❞❛ ♣♦❞❡♠ 2❡1 ✉%✐❧✐③❛❞❛2 ♣❛1❛ ❡♥❝♦♥%1❛1 ♦ ❝❛♠✐♥❤♦ ❝1'%✐❝♦ ❞♦ ✢✉①♦ ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦2 ❡ ♠♦2%1<✲❧♦ ♥❛ ❛16✉✐%❡%✉1❛ ❣❡1❛❞❛✳

❈❛♣#$✉❧♦ ✷

❆*+✉✐$❡$✉*❛. ❘❡❝♦♥✜❣✉*4✈❡✐.

❈♦♠♦ ✈✐%&♦ ♥♦ ❝❛♣+&✉❧♦ ❛♥&❡/✐♦/✱ ❛% %♦❧✉12❡% ❜❛%❡❛❞❛% ❡♠ ♣/♦❝❡%%❛❞♦/❡% %✉♣❡/❡%❝❛❧❛/❡% ❡%&5♦ ❝❤❡❣❛♥❞♦ ❛♦ ❧✐♠✐&❡✳ ❈♦♠♦ ✉♠❛ &❡♥&❛&✐✈❛ ♣❛/❛ ❝♦♥%❡❣✉✐/ ✉♠❛ %♦❜/❡✈✐❞❛ ♠❛✐♦/ ❞❡%%❡ ♠♦❞❡❧♦✱ ♦ ♣/♦❣/❛♠❛ ❞❡ ♣❡%9✉✐%❛ ❝♦♠♣✉&❛❝✐♦♥❛❧ ■♥&❡❧ ❚❡/❛✲❙❝❛❧❡ ✭■♥&❡❧✱ ✷✵✵✽❛✮ ❜✉%❝❛ &C❝♥✐❝❛% ❞❡ ❡%❝❛❧♦♥❛♠❡♥&♦ ♠✉❧&✐♥D❝❧❡♦% ♣❛/❛ ❛/9✉✐&❡&✉/❛% ❞❡ ✶✵ ❛ ✶✵✵ ♥D❝❧❡♦%✱ ❡♠ 9✉❡ ❛% ✐♥%&/✉12❡% %❡/5♦ ❡①❡❝✉&❛❞❛% ♥❛ ❡%❝❛❧❛ ❞❡ &❡/❛✢♦♣% ❡♠ ❝♦♥&/❛%&❡ ❝♦♠ ♦% ❣✐❣❛✢♦♣% ❞❛% ❣❡/❛12❡% ❛&✉❛✐%✳

❆% %♦❧✉12❡% ❛♣/❡%❡♥&❛❞❛% &❡♥&❛♠ ♠♦❞✐✜❝❛/ ♦ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❛&✉❛❧✱ ❜❛%❡❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❡①❡❝✉12❡% %❡9✉❡♥❝✐❛✐%✱ ❡♠ ✉♠ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ ❡①❡❝✉15♦ ♣❛/❛❧❡❧❛✳ ◆♦ ❡♥&❛♥&♦✱ &❡/ ✉♠ ❤❛/❞✇❛/❡ ♣❛✲ /❛❧❡❧♦ ♥5♦ %✐❣♥✐✜❝❛ 9✉❡ ❛% ♦♣❡/❛12❡% ❡①❡❝✉&❛❞❛% ♣❡❧♦% %♦❢&✇❛/❡% ❛&✉❛✐% ♣❛%%❡♠ ❛ %❡/ ❛✉&♦♠❛&✐❝❛♠❡♥&❡ ♣❛/❛❧❡❧❛%✱ ❥✉%&✐✜❝❛♥❞♦ &/❛❜❛❧❤♦% ❞❡ ♣❡%9✉✐%❛ ♥♦ ♣/♦❥❡&♦✱ ♠♦❞❡❧❛❣❡♠ ❡ ♠❛♣❡❛♠❡♥&♦ ❞❛% ❛♣❧✐❝❛12❡% ♣❛/❛ ❛% ❛/9✉✐&❡&✉/❛% ♣❛/❛❧❡❧❛%✳ ❖ ✉♥✐✈❡/%♦ ❞❡ ♣❡%9✉✐%❛ ❞❡ ❛/9✉✐&❡&✉/❛% ♣❛/❛❧❡❧❛% C ♠✉✐&♦ ❛♠♣❧♦✱ %❡♥❞♦ ❡%&✉❞❛❞♦ ❤O ❞C❝❛❞❛%✳ ❖ ❡%❝♦♣♦ ❞❡%&❛ ❞✐%%❡/&❛15♦ C ♦ ❢♦/♠❛&♦ ❞♦% ♣❛❞/2❡% ❞❡ ❝♦♥❡①5♦ ❞♦% ❡❧❡♠❡♥&♦% ❞❡ ♣/♦❝❡%%❛♠❡♥&♦ ♣❛/❛ ❛% ❛/9✉✐&❡&✉/❛% /❡❝♦♥✜❣✉/O✈❡✐% ❡♠ ❛//❛♥❥♦✳ ❆&✉❛❧♠❡♥&❡✱ ♦ ❛&/❛%♦ ❞❛% ❝♦♥❡①2❡% ✈❡♠ %❡♥❞♦ ❞♦♠✐♥❛♥&❡ ❡♠ /❡❧❛15♦ ❛♦ ❛&/❛%♦ ❞❛% ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡% ❞❡ ❝O❧❝✉❧♦✳ ❆❧C♠ ❞✐%%♦✱ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡✲ ①✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❣❡/❛15♦ ❞❛% ❝♦♥❡①2❡% ❞✐✜❝✉❧&❛ ❛ ❡%&✐♠❛15♦ ❞♦ ❛&/❛%♦ ❡ ❞❛ ❡♥❡/❣✐❛ ❝♦♥%✉♠✐❞❛ ♥❛% ❡&❛♣❛% ✐♥✐❝✐❛✐% ❞❡ ❛❧❣✉♥% ♣/♦❥❡&♦%✳ P❛/❛ &❡♥&❛/ ❛❝❤❛/ /❡%♣♦%&❛% ♣❛/❛ ❛❧❣✉♥% ❞❡%%❡% ♣/♦❜❧❡♠❛%✱ ♣/♦♣♦♠♦% ✉♠ ❛♠❜✐❡♥&❡ ❞❡ ❣❡/❛15♦ ❞❡ ❛/9✉✐&❡&✉/❛%✱ 9✉❡ %❡/O ❞❡&❛❧❤❛❞♦ ♥♦ ❈❛♣+&✉❧♦ ✹✳ ❆❣♦/❛ ♥❡%&❡ ❝❛♣+&✉❧♦✱ %❡/O ❛♣/❡%❡♥&❛❞♦ ♦ ❡%&❛❞♦ ❞❛ ❛/&❡ ❞❛% %♦❧✉12❡% ❝♦♠ ❛/9✉✐&❡&✉/❛% /❡❝♦♥✜❣✉/O✈❡✐%✳

✷✳ ❆#$✉✐'❡'✉#❛* ❘❡❝♦♥❢✐❣✉#1✈❡✐* ✼

✷✳✶ ❆$%✉✐(❡(✉$❛+ ❘❡❝♦♥✜❣✉$2✈❡✐+ ❞❡ ❇❛✐①❛

●$❛♥✉❧❛$✐❞❛❞❡

❖ ♣#✐♠❡✐#♦ ❋)●❆ ❝♦♠❡#❝✐❛❧ ❢♦✐ ❞❡1❡♥✈♦❧✈✐❞♦ ♣❡❧❛ ❳✐❧✐♥① ■♥❝✳✱ 1✉#❣✐♥❞♦ ❡♠ ✶✾✽✹✳ ❯♠ ❝✐#❝✉✐@♦ ❋)●❆ A ✉♠ ❛##❛♥❥♦ ❞❡ ❝A❧✉❧❛1 ❧C❣✐❝❛1 ❛11♦❝✐❛❞♦ ❛ ✉♠❛ ✐♥❢#❛❡1@#✉@✉#❛ ❞❡ ✐♥✲ @❡#❝♦♥❡①E❡1✱ ❡♠ F✉❡ ❛♠❜❛1 ♣♦❞❡♠ @❡# ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❛❧@❡#❛❞❛ ❛♣C1 ❛ ❢❛❜#✐❝❛HI♦✳ ◆♦1 ❋)●❆✱ ❛ ❝A❧✉❧❛ ❜K1✐❝❛ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥@❛ ✉♠❛ ❢✉♥HI♦ ❛ ♥L✈❡❧ ❞❡ ❜✐@✳

❙❡❣✉♥❞♦ ❚#✐♠❜❡#❣❡# ✭✶✾✾✹✮❀ ❘✐❜❡✐#♦ ✭✷✵✵✷✮✱ ♥♦1 ❞✐1♣♦1✐@✐✈♦1 ❝♦♠ ❣#❛♥✉❧♦1✐❞❛❞❡ ❜❛✐①❛ ❤K ✉♠ ❣#❛♥❞❡ ♥V♠❡#♦ ❞❡ ❜❧♦❝♦1 ❧C❣✐❝♦1 1✐♠♣❧❡1✳ ◗✉❛♥❞♦ ❛♣❧✐❝❛❞♦ ❛ ♦♣❡#❛HE❡1 ❛ ♥L✈❡❧ ❞❡ ♣❛❧❛✈#❛1 ❞❡ ✶✻ ♦✉ ✸✷ ❜✐@1✱ ❡11❛ ❜❛✐①❛ ❣#❛♥✉❧❛#✐❞❛❞❡ ❛❝❛❜❛ ❣❡#❛♥❞♦ ✉♠❛ 1♦❜#❡❝❛#❣❛ ❞✉#❛♥@❡ ♦ ♣#♦❝❡11♦ ❞❡ 1✐♠✉❧❛HI♦✱ 1L♥@❡1❡✱ ♣♦1✐❝✐♦♥❛♠❡♥@♦ ❞❛1 ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡1 ❡ #♦@❡❛♠❡♥@♦ ❞❛1 ✐♥@❡#❝♦♥❡①E❡1 ❡♥@#❡ ♦1 ❡❧❡♠❡♥@♦1✳ ❆❧A♠ ❞✐11♦✱ ❛✉♠❡♥@❛♠ ♦ ❝♦♥1✉♠♦ ❞❡ ❡♥❡#❣✐❛✱ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐❞❛❞❡ ❡ ♦ @❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ #❡❝♦♥✜❣✉#❛HI♦ ✭◆❛❣❡❧❞✐♥❣❡#✱ ✷✵✵✶✮✳

✷✳✷ ❆$%✉✐(❡(✉$❛+ ❘❡❝♦♥✜❣✉$2✈❡✐+ ❞❡ ❆❧(❛

●$❛♥✉❧❛$✐❞❛❞❡

❆#F✉✐@❡@✉#❛1 ❝♦♠ ❡❧❡♠❡♥@♦1 #❡❝♦♥✜❣✉#K✈❡✐1 ❞❡ ❛❧@❛ ❣#❛♥✉❧❛#✐❞❛❞❡ @❡♥@❛♠ 1✉♣❡#❛# ❛1 ❞❡1✈❛♥@❛❣❡♥1 ❞❛1 1♦❧✉HE❡1 ❜❛1❡❛❞❛1 ❡♠ ❋)●❆ ✭◆❛❣❡❧❞✐♥❣❡#✱ ✷✵✵✶✮✱ ❢♦#♥❡❝❡♥❞♦ ✉♠❛ ❧❛#❣✉#❛ ❞❡ ❜✐@1 ❝♦♠♣❛@L✈❡❧ ❝♦♠ ♦1 ❞❛@❛♣❛@❤1✳ ❆♦ ❝♦♥@#K#✐♦ ❞❡ ❋)●❆1✱ ♦ ❞❛@❛♣❛@❤ ❛ ♥L✈❡❧ ❞❡ ♣❛❧❛✈#❛ ♣❡#♠✐@❡ ♦ ♠❛♣❡❛♠❡♥@♦ ❡✜❝✐❡♥@❡ ❞❡ ♦♣❡#❛❞♦#❡1 ❡♠ 1✐❧L❝✐♦✱ ❡✈✐@❛♥❞♦ ❛11✐♠ ❛ 1♦❜#❡❝❛#❣❛ ❞❡ #♦@❡❛♠❡♥@♦ ❡♠ #❡❧❛HI♦ [ 1♦❧✉HI♦ ♣♦# ❜✐@✳

❆ ❧C❣✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♥✜❣✉#❛HI♦ ❞❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥@♦1 ❞❡ ❛❧@❛ ❣#❛♥✉❧❛#✐❞❛❞❡✱ 1❡❣✉♥❞♦ ❍✉❛♥❣ ❡@ ❛❧✳ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ @❡♠ ❛ ✈❛♥@❛❣❡♠ ❞❡ ♣#♦♣♦#❝✐♦♥❛# ✉♠❛ #❡❝♦♥✜❣✉#❛HI♦ ♠❛✐1 #K♣✐❞❛✱ ✉1❛♥❞♦ ✉♠ ♥V♠❡#♦ ♠❡♥♦# ❞❡ ❜✐@1 ❞❡ ❝♦♥✜❣✉#❛HI♦ ❡ ❝♦♠ ✉♠ @❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ❝❧♦❝❦ ♠❡♥♦# ♣❛#❛ ❛ ❡①❡✲ ❝✉HI♦ ❞❛ #❡❝♦♥✜❣✉#❛HI♦✳ ❆1 ❛#F✉✐@❡@✉#❛1 #❡❝♦♥✜❣✉#K✈❡✐1 ❞❡ ❛❧@❛ ❣#❛♥✉❧❛#✐❞❛❞❡ @^♠ 1❡ ♠♦1@#❛❞♦ ♠❛✐1 ❛❞❡F✉❛❞❛1 ♣❛#❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛HE❡1 ❞❡ ✉@✐❧✐③❛HI♦ ✐♥@❡♥1✐✈❛ ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦1 ❝♦♠♦ ❛1 ❞❡ ♠✉❧@✐♠L❞✐❛ ❡ ❛1 ❞♦ ❞♦♠L♥✐♦ ❞❛1 ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛HE❡1 ❡ @❡❧❡❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛HE❡1 ✭❍❛#@❡♥1@❡✐♥ ❡@ ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✵✵❛✮✱ ❡♥F✉❛♥@♦ ❛1 ❛#F✉✐@❡@✉#❛1 ❞❡ ❜❛✐①❛ ❣#❛♥✉❧❛#✐❞❛❞❡ 1I♦ ♠❡❧❤♦#❡1 ♣❛#❛ ❝♦♠♣✉@❛HI♦ ❞❡ ♥L✈❡❧ ❞❡ ❜✐@✳

❍✉❛♥❣ ✫ ▼❛❧✐❦ ✭✷✵✵✶✮ ♣#♦♣E❡♠ ♦ ✉1♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝♦✲♣#♦❝❡11❛❞♦# ❞❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥@♦1 ❞❡ ❛❧@❛ ❣#❛♥✉❧❛#✐❞❛❞❡ ♣❛#❛ #❡❞✉③✐# ♦ @❛♠❛♥❤♦ ❞♦ ✢✉①♦ ❞❡ ❜✐@1 ❞❡ ❝♦♥✜❣✉#❛HI♦✳

✷✳ ❆#$✉✐'❡'✉#❛* ❘❡❝♦♥❢✐❣✉#1✈❡✐* ✽

✷✳✷✳✶ ❆$%✉✐(❡(✉$❛+ ❇❛+❡❛❞❛+ ❡♠ ▼❛❧❤❛

◆❡##❡ $✐♣♦ ❞❡ ❛*+✉✐$❡$✉*❛✱ ♦# .❊# #0♦ ♦*❣❛♥✐③❛❞♦# ❞❡ ❢♦*♠❛ *❡$❛♥❣✉❧❛* ❝♦♠♦ ❡♠ ✉♠❛ ♠❛$*✐③ ❝♦♠ ❝♦♥❡①9❡# ❤♦*✐③♦♥$❛✐# ❡ ✈❡*$✐❝❛✐#✱ ❢♦*♥❡❝❡♥❞♦ *❡❝✉*#♦# ♣❛*❛ ✉♠ ♣❛*❛❧❡❧✐#♠♦ ♠❛✐# ❡✜❝✐❡♥$❡✱ ♣♦✐# ♣❡*♠✐$❡ ❧✐❣❛=9❡# ❡♥$*❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥$♦# ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥$❡# ❡♠ ❛$? ♦✐$♦ ❞✐*❡=9❡# ❝♦♠ ✉♠❛ ❞✐#$@♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❛♣❡♥❛# ✉♠❛ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡✳

❊##❡ $✐♣♦ ❞❡ ❛*+✉✐$❡$✉*❛ ❢♦✐ ❡①♣❧♦*❛❞♦ ♥❡##❡ $*❛❜❛❧❤♦✳ ❆❧❣✉♠❛# ❛*+✉✐$❡$✉*❛# +✉❡ #❡❣✉❡♠ ❡##❡ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❡#$0♦ ❞❡#❝*✐$❛# ❛❜❛✐①♦✳ ❱❛❧❡ *❡##❛❧$❛* +✉❡ ❛ ❣*❛♥✉❧❛*✐❞❛❞❡ ❞♦# .❊# ♣♦❞❡ ✈❛*✐❛* ❞❡ #✐♠♣❧❡# ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡# ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛✐# ✭❝♦♠♦ ✉♠ ♠✉❧$✐♣❧✐❝❛❞♦*✮ ❛$? ♣❡+✉❡♥♦# ♣*♦❝❡##❛❞♦*❡#✳

❘❡❝♦♥✜❣✉(❛❜❧❡ ❆(❝❤✐/❡❝/✉(❡ ❲♦(❦2/❛/✐♦♥ ✭❘❆❲✮ ❲❛✐♥❣♦❧❞ ❡$ ❛❧✳ ✭✶✾✾✼✮ ♣*♦✲ ✈❡❡♠ ✉♠❛ ❛*+✉✐$❡$✉*❛ ❞❡ ♠✉❧$✐♣*♦❝❡##❛❞♦*❡# ❞❡ ❈♦♥❥✉♥$♦ ❘❡❞✉③✐❞♦ ❞❡ ■♥#$*✉=9❡# ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣✉$❛=0♦ ✕ ❘❡❞✉❝❡❞ ■♥'()✉❝(✐♦♥ ❙❡( ❈♦♠♣✉(❡) ✭❘■❙❈✮ ❝♦♠♣♦#$❛ ♣♦* ♠✐❝*♦♣*♦❝❡#✲ #❛❞♦*❡# ❞❡ ✸✷ ❜✐$# ▼■.❙ ❘✷✵✵✵ ♠♦❞✐✜❝❛❞♦#✱ ❝♦♥❡❝$❛❞♦# ❡♠ ❜❧♦❝♦# ♥♦ ❢♦*♠❛$♦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ♠❛$*✐③ ◆ ① ◆✳ ❈❛❞❛ ♣*♦❝❡##❛❞♦* ❝♦♥$?♠✿ ❯♥✐❞❛❞❡ ▲X❣✐❝❛ ❆*✐$♠?$✐❝❛ ✕ ❆)✐(♠❡(✐❝❛❧ ▲♦❣✐❝ ❯♥✐( ✭❆▲❯✮✱ ♣✐♣❡❧✐♥❡ ❞❡ ✻ ❡#$Z❣✐♦#✱ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ♣♦♥$♦ ✢✉$✉❛♥$❡✱ ❝♦♥$*♦❧❛❞♦✲ *❡#✱ ✸✷ *❡❣✐#$*❛❞♦*❡# ❞❡ ♣*♦♣X#✐$♦ ❣❡*❛❧ ❡ ✶✻ *❡❣✐#$*❛❞♦*❡# ❞❡ ♣♦♥$♦ ✢✉$✉❛♥$❡✱ ❝♦♥$❛✲ ❞♦* ❞❡ ♣*♦❣*❛♠❛#✱ ✉♠❛ ♠❡♠X*✐❛ ❝❛❝❤❡ ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦# ❧♦❝❛❧ ❡ ✸✷ ❑✐❧♦❜②$❡# ❞❡ ♠❡♠X*✐❛ ❞❡ ✐♥#$*✉=9❡# ❞♦ $✐♣♦ ▼❡♠X*✐❛ ❞❡ ❆❝❡##♦ ❘❛♥❞^♠✐❝♦ ❊#$Z$✐❝♦ ✕ ❙(❛(✐❝ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❆❝❝❡'' ▼❡♠♦)② ✭❙❘❆▼✮✳

❯♠ ❡#+✉❡♠❛ ♣❛*❛ ❡①♣❧♦*❛* ❛# ♣*✐♥❝✐♣❛✐# ❝❛*❛❝$❡*_#$✐❝❛# ❞♦ ♠✐❝*♦♣*♦❝❡##❛❞♦* ❘❆❲ ❢♦✐ ♣*♦♣♦#$♦ ♣♦* ▼♦*✐$③ ❡$ ❛❧✳ ✭✶✾✾✽✮✳ ❊❧❡# *❡✈❡❧❛♠ ✉♠❛ ❛❜♦*❞❛❣❡♠ ✉$✐❧✐③❛♥❞♦ ♠?$♦❞♦# ❛♥❛❧_$✐❝♦# ✭#❡♠ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡* ❞❡ #✐♠✉❧❛=9❡#✮ ❡ ✉♠ ♣*♦❝❡##♦ ❞❡ ♦$✐♠✐③❛=0♦ ♣❛*❛ #✉❣❡*✐* ✉♠❛ ❜♦❛ *❡❧❛=0♦ ❝✉#$♦✲❡✜❝Z❝✐❛ ♥❛ ✉$✐❧✐③❛=0♦ ❞❛ ❛*+✉✐$❡$✉*❛ ❘❆❲ ♣❛*❛ ❛ ❡①❡❝✉=0♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥$♦ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛=9❡#✳ ❈♦♠ ❜❛#❡ ❡♠ ✉♠ ❡#♣❛=♦ ✜①♦ ♣❛*❛ ♦ ❝❤✐♣✱ ♦ ❡#+✉❡♠❛ ❡①♣❧♦*❛ ❛ ❣*❛♥✉❧♦#✐❞❛❞❡ ✭Z*❡❛ ❞❡ ❝❛❞❛ ❜❧♦❝♦✮ ❡ ♦ ♣❡*❝❡♥$✉❛❧ ❞❡ ❜❧♦❝♦# ❞❡❞✐❝❛❞♦# ` ♠❡♠X*✐❛✱ ♣*♦❝❡##❛♠❡♥$♦✱ ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛=0♦ ❡ ❡♥$*❛❞❛ ❡ #❛_❞❛✳ ◆♦ ❡♥$❛♥$♦✱ ❡#$❛ ❛❜♦*❞❛❣❡♠ ? $♦$❛❧♠❡♥$❡ ❛❞❛♣$❛❞❛ ` $♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❛ ♣*❡#❡♥$❡ ♥♦ ❘❆❲ ❡ ♥0♦ ? ❝❛♣❛③ ❞❡ ❡①♣❧♦*❛* ❞✐❢❡*❡♥$❡# $♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❛#✳

❑&❡((❆&&❛②✱ ♦# $*❛❜❛❧❤♦# ❛♣*❡#❡♥$❛❞♦# ♣♦* ❍❛*$❡♥#$❡✐♥ ❡$ ❛❧✳ ✭✷✵✵✵❜✱❛✮❀ ◆❛❣❡❧❞✐♥✲ ❣❡* ✭✷✵✵✶✮ ❢♦*❛♠ ❛❧❣✉♠❛# ❞❛# ♣♦✉❝❛# ❡①❝❡=9❡# ❛ ❡①♣❧♦*❛* ❛# ❝❛*❛❝$❡*_#$✐❝❛# ❛*+✉✐$❡$^♥✐✲ ❝❛# ❬♥❡##❡ ❝❛#♦✱ ✉♠ ♥d♠❡*♦ ❞❡ ♣*♦♣*✐❡❞❛❞❡# ❞♦ ❑*❡##❆**❛② ✭❍❛*$❡♥#$❡✐♥ ❡$ ❛❧✳✱ ✶✾✾✹✮❪✳ ❖ ❑)❡''❆))❛② ❳♣❧♦)❡) ? ❝❛♣❛③ ❞❡ ❣❡*❛* #✉❣❡#$9❡# ❞❡ ♣*♦❥❡$♦# ✉#❛♥❞♦ ✉♠ ♠❡❝❛♥✐#♠♦ ❞❡ ✐♥❢❡*h♥❝✐❛ ♣♦* ❧X❣✐❝❛ ❢✉③③②✳ ❖# ❛✉$♦*❡# ✈h♠ ♠♦#$*❛♥❞♦ #✉❣❡#$9❡# ✐♥❞✐❝❛♥❞♦ ♠❡❧❤♦*✐❛# ♥❛ ❜❛#❡ ❞♦ ❑)❡''❆))❛② ♣♦❞❡♥❞♦ #❡* ❛❝♦♣❧❛❞♦ ♣❡❧❛ ❛❞✐=0♦ ❞❡ ✐♥$❡*❝♦♥❡①9❡# ❞❡ ✈✐③✐♥❤♦# ♠❛✐# ♣*X①✐♠♦# ✭◆❛❣❡❧❞✐♥❣❡*✱ ✷✵✵✶✮✳