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Invariantes de frentes de ondas planas

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(1)

☞ ✌✍✎✏☞✎✌✑✒✓ ✔✒ ✕✏✒ ✌✑✒✓ ✔✒ ✖✌✔✎✓ ✗ ✘✎✌✎✓

✞✙✚✚✛✜✢✣

✤ ✥✦ ✣

✜✛✚✛★✢✣ ✩

✣✪ ✡★✙

✫ ✛✜✚✙✩

✣ ✩✛

✬✛✩✛✜✣✭ ✩✛

✮ ✙

✤✦ ✚✣✯

✦✱✦ ✧ ✣✜✢✛

✣✚ ✛

✲ ✙

✴✵

★✰✙✣✚ ✩

✦ ✠✜

✦✴ ✜✣

✱ ✣

✩✛ ✠✶✚

✳✷ ✜✣✩✸✣

✤ ✥✦

✱ ✣✢✛

✱ ✹ ✢✙✰ ✣✯

✧ ✣✜✣

✦✺ ✢✛★

✤ ✥✦ ✩

✦ ✢ ✻✢

✸✭

✩✛

✼✽

✾✿❀❁❂❃ ❄❅✿❂❆❁✿❇

✍ ☞❉✖✓✎

❊☞ ✌✎✓ ❋✒✏✎☞✓ ● ❍✏✎✓☞ ✘

(2)

☞ ✌✍✎✏☞✎✌✑✒✓ ✔✒ ✕✏✒ ✌✑✒✓ ✔✒ ✖✌✔✎✓ ✗ ✘✎✌✎✓

✞✙✚✚✛✜✢✣

✤ ✥✦ ✣

✜✛✚✛★✢✣ ✩

✣✪ ✡★✙

✫ ✛✜✚✙✩

✣ ✩✛

✬✛✩✛✜✣✭ ✩✛

✮ ✙

✤✦ ✚✣✯

✦✱✦

✧ ✣✜✢✛

✣✚ ✛

✲ ✙

✴✵

★✰✙✣✚ ✩

✦ ✠✜

✦✴ ✜✣

✱ ✣

✩✛ ✠✶✚

✳✷ ✜✣✩✸✣

✤ ✥✦

✱ ✣✢✛

✱ ✹ ✢✙✰ ✣✯

✧ ✣✜✣

✦✺ ✢✛★

✤ ✥✦ ✩

✦ ✢ ✻✢✸✭

✩✛

✼✽

✾✿❀❁❂❃ ❄❅✿❂❆❁✿ ✽

✁✠✂☎✮✁✞✁▲▼◆✩✛

✜✙✭ ✩✛ ❖◆P◆

✣✜✙✣✩✛✭ ✄✣✜

✱ ✛★

✦✱ ✛✜

✬✸✚✢✛✜ ☛✣◗✜✰✙

✦❘✦ ✚◗✩

✦ ✚ ✆✣★✢

✦ ✚

✛✜✰✙

✦ ✝

✦ ✢✛✭❙

✦ ✬✣✜✙✣

✣✢✣✜✙★✣

✛★✩✛✚ ✩✛

❘ ✛✚✸✚

❚✄

✳ ✦

✜✙✛★✢✣✩

✦ ✜✣ ❯

✆✙

✱✦

★✛ ✣✜✙✣ ✩✛

✦ ✜✣✛✚

❚☎✜✙✛★✢✣

(3)

❳ ❬❭ ❪ ❫ ❴ ❵ ❫❳❫ ❳

(4)

❣❤ ✐❥❦ ❧♠♥❦ ♦ ♣q r ✁ ✴ ✜✣✩✛✰✛✜ ✣✢ ✦ ✩ ✦ ✚s✸✛ ✱ ✛✣✸ ✲ ✙✭✙✣✜✣ ✱ ★✣ ✰ ✦ ★✚✢✜✸ ✤ ✥✦ ✩✛✚✢✣✚ ✱ ✸✙✢✣✚ ✧✹✴ ✙★✣✚★ ✥✦ ◗✸ ✱ ✣ ✢✣ ✜✛t ✣ ✱ ✸✙ ✢ ✦ t ✹ ✰ ✙✭ ❈ ✉ ✛★ ✢✣ ✜✛✙ ✛ ✱ ✣ ✭ ✴ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✚ ✭✙★❙ ✣ ✚ ✩✛✙ ✲ ✣ ✜ ✰ ✭ ✣ ✜ ✦ s✸✛ ✛✚ ✢✣ ✩✙✚✚✛✜ ✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✯ ✣ ✧ ✛✚ ✣ ✜ ✩✛ ✛✚✢✣✜ ✛ ✱ ✱ ✛✸ ★ ✦✱ ✛✯ ✰ ✣ ✺ ✛ ✢✣ ✱✺ ◗ ✱ ✣ ✛✚✢✣✚ ✧ ✛✚✚ ✦ ✣✚ ✛✚ ✧

✛✰✙✣✙✚ s✸✛ ✚✛ ✈ ✇✛✜✣

✱ ✧ ✜✛✚✛★✢✛✚ ✩✙✜✛✢✣ ✦ ✸ ✙★✩✙✜✛✢✣ ✱ ✛★✢✛ ✧ ✣✜✣ ✣ ✜✛✣✭✙✇✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✩✛✚✢✛ ✢✜✣ ✺ ✣✭❙ ✦ ❈ ① ✠ ✦ ✭✙✣★✣✯ ✱ ✙★❙ ✣ ★✣ ✱✦ ✜✣ ✩ ✣✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✱ ✛ ✙★✰✛★✢✙ ✫ ✣✜ ✣ t ✣✇✛✜ ✣ ✙★✚✰✜✙ ✤ ✥✦ ★✣ ✧ ✶✚ ✳ ✴ ✜✣ ✩ ✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✱ ✛ ✣✸ ✲ ✙✭✙✣✜ ★ ✦ ✚ ✛✚✢✸✩ ✦ ✚ ✩✸✜✣★✢✛ ✢ ✦ ✩ ✦ ✦ ✰✸✜✚ ✦ ✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✣✰✛✙✢✣✜ ✱ ✛✸ ✱ ✣✸ ❙✸ ✱✦ ✜ s✸✣★✩ ✦ ✣ ✭ ✴✦ ✛✚✢✣ ✫ ✣ ✛✜✜✣ ✩ ✦ ✰ ✦✱ ✱ ✛✸ ✢✜✣ ✺ ✣ ✭❙ ✦ ✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✩✛✙ ✲ ✣✜ ✩✛ t ✣✇✛✜ ✦ ✸ ✢✜✣✚ ✰ ✦ ✙✚✣✚ ✧ ✣✜✣ ✛✚✢✣✜ ✣ ✦ ✱ ✛✸✭ ✣ ✩ ✦ s✸✣★✩ ✦ ✛✸ ✱ ✣✙✚ ✧ ✜✛✰✙✚✣ ✫ ✣✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✢✣ ✱✺ ◗ ✱ ✛✚✢✣✜ ✛✚✰✜✛ ✫ ✛★✩ ✦ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✩✙✚✚✛✜✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✛ ✧✦ ✜ ✣✭ ✴ ✸ ✱ ✣✚ ✫ ✛✇✛✚ ✣ ✺ ✩✙✰ ✣✜✩ ✦ ✚✚✛✸✚ ✛✚✛ ✧ ✜✛ ✦ ✰✸ ✧ ✣✜ ✰ ✦✱✦ ✚ ✱ ✛✸✚ ✧ ✜ ✦✺ ✭✛ ✱ ✣✚✯ ✧✦ ✜✚✛✸ ✣ ✱✦ ✜★ ✥✦ ✚✶ ✣ ✴ ✜✣ ✩✛ ✤✦✱ ✣✚ ✩✛✩✙✰ ✦ ✛✚✢✣✚ ✧✹✴ ✙★✣✚ ❈ ✉ ✛ ✣ ✱✦ ❈ ① ✠✜ ✦ t ✣ ❈ ✞✜✣ ❈ ✆✙ ✱✦ ★✛ ✣✜✙✣ ✩✛ ✦ ✜✣✛✚✯ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✩ ✦ ✜✣ ✩✛✚✢✣ ✩✙✚✚✛✜✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✯ s✸✛ ✰ ✦✱ ✚✸ ✣ ✚✣ ✺ ✛✩ ✦ ✜✙✣ ✫ ✙✸✛ ✱✱ ✙ ✱ ✣✭ ✴ ✸ ✱✧✦ ✢✛★✰✙✣✭✯ ✱ ✛✙★✰✛★✢✙ ✫ ✣★✩ ✦ ✣ ★ ✥✦ ✩✛✚✣★✙ ✱ ✣✜✛★ ✥✦ ✣ ✺ ✣★✩ ✦ ★✣✜ ✱ ✛✸✚ ✦✺ ②✛✢✙ ✫✦ ✚✯ ✧ ✛✭✣✚ ✱ ✸✙✢✣✚✩✙✚✰✸✚✚③✛✚✯ ✰ ✦ ✜✜✛ ✤

③✛✚ ✛✚✸

✴ ✛✚✢③✛✚ ✣ ✦ ✭ ✦ ★ ✴✦ ✩✣✰✜✙✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✩✛✚✢✣✯ ✱ ✣✚ ✣✰✙ ✱ ✣ ✩✛ ✢ ✸✩ ✦ ✧✦ ✜ ✚✛✜ ✰ ✦✱✧ ✜✛✛★✚✙ ✫ ✣ ✛ ✧ ✣✰✙✛★✢✛ ✰ ✦✱ ✛✚✢✛ ✧ ✜✙★✰✙ ✧ ✙✣★✢✛ ★ ✦ ✛✚✢ ✸✩ ✦ ✩✛ ✣✢✛ ✱ ✹ ✢✙✰ ✣ ❈ ① ✠✜ ✦ t ✣ ❈ ✞✜✣ ❈ ✄ ✣✢✣✜✙★✣ ✛★✩✛✚ ✩✛ ❘ ✛✚✸✚✯ ✰ ✦ ✳ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣✩ ✦ ✜✣ ✩✛✚✢✣ ✩✙✚✚✛✜✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✚✸✣ ✣② ✸✩ ✣ ✰ ✦✱✦ ✢✛ ✱ ✣ ✛ ✙★✢✛✜✛✚✚✛ ★ ✦ ✚ ✜✛✚✸✭ ✢✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ❈ ✁ ✦ ✚ ✰ ✦ ✭✛ ✴ ✣✚ ✩✛ ✰✸✜✚ ✦ ✯ ✣ ✦

✚ s✸✛ ✙★

✴ ✜✛✚✚✣✜✣ ✱ ✣★✢✛✚ ✛ ✩✛ ✧✦ ✙✚ ✩✛ ✱ ✙ ✱ ✯✢ ✦ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✫✦ ✰ ✵ ✚ ✛✚✢ ✥✦ ✚✛★✩ ✦ ✭✛ ✱✺ ✜✣✩ ✦ ✚✛ ✱ ✛✜✛✰✛ ✱ ✱ ✛✸✚ ✣ ✴ ✜✣✩✛✰✙ ✱ ✛★✢ ✦ ✚ ✧ ✛✭ ✦ ✚ ✺✦ ★✚ ✛ ✱ ✣✸✚ ✱✦✱ ✛★✢ ✦ ✚ ✰ ✦✱✧ ✣✜ ✳ ✢✙✭❙ ✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✣ ✦ ✭ ✦ ★ ✴✦ ✩ ✦ ✰ ✸✜✚ ✦ ❈ ✁ ✦ ✚ ✚✛✜ ✫ ✙✩ ✦ ✜✛✚ s✸✛ ✱ ✣★✢✙★❙✣ ✱ ★ ✦ ✚✚✣ ✚✣✭✣✩✛ ✛✚✢✸✩ ✦ ✚ ✭✙ ✱✧ ✣ ✛ ✦ ✜ ✴ ✣★✙✇✣✩✣ ✧ ✣✜✣✢✛✜ ✱✦ ✚ ✸ ✱ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✭✩✙ ✴ ★ ✦✧ ✣✜✣✛✚✢✸✩✣✜ ❈ ① ✣✜✙✣ ✷ ✦ ✜✛✢✛✯ ✱ ✙★❙ ✣ ✱ ✥ ✛✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✣✰✜✛✩✙✢✣✜ ✛ ✱✱ ✙ ✱ ✩✛ ✦ ✭❙ ✦ ✚ t✛✰❙ ✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✛ ✧✦ ✜ ✚✛✸ ✣ ✱✦ ✜ ✙★✰ ✦ ★✩✙✰✙ ✦ ★✣✭ ❈ ✥ ✛✯✛✚✚✣ ✫ ✙✢✶✜✙✣ ◗ ✧ ✜✣ ✫✦ ✰ ✵ ❈ ✁

✬✛✜★✣★✩✣✛④✢✣

✱ ✣✜✯ ✱ ✙★❙✣✙✜ ✱ ✥ ✛✰✸★❙✣✩ ✦ ✯ ✧ ✛✭ ✦ ✚ ✱ ✸✙✢ ✦ ✚ ✱✦✱ ✛★✢ ✦ ✚✩✛✩✛✚✰ ✦ ★✢✜✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✛ ✧ ✛✭ ✦ ✣ ✧✦ ✙ ✦ ✈ ★✣★✰✛✙✜ ✦ ✛ ✱ ✣ ✭ ✴ ✸★✚ ✈ ★✣✙✚ ✩✛ ✚✛ ✱ ✣★✣✛ t✛✜✙✣✩ ✦ ✚ ✛ ✱ s✸✛ ✧ ✸✩✛ ✱ ✛ ✣ t ✣✚✢✣✜ ✩✛ ✮ ✙ ✤✦ ✚✣ ❈ ✁ ✝ ✣✜ ✺ ✹ ✜✣ ✛ ✠✛✩✜ ✦ ✯ ✱ ✛✸✚ ✚ ✦✺ ✜✙★❙ ✦ ✚✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✚✛✜✛ ✱ ✱ ✸✙✢ ✦ ✙★✢✛✭✙ ✴ ✛★✢✛✚ ✛ ✩✛✚✚✣ t ✦ ✜ ✱ ✣ ✱ ✛ ✙★✰✛★✢✙ ✫ ✣✜✛ ✱ ✣ ★ ✥✦ ✈✰ ✣✜ ✧ ✣✜✣ ✢✜ ✹ ✚ ❈ ✁ ✦ ✣✢✛✸✚ ✛ ☛✻ ✫ ✙✣✯ ✱ ✛✸ ✙✜ ✱ ✥✦ ✛ ✰✸★❙✣✩✣✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✚✣ ✺ ✛✜ s✸✛ ✱ ✛✚ ✱✦ ✩✙✚✢✣★✢✛✚ ✛✚✢✣ ✫ ✣ ✱ ✧ ✜✛ ✦ ✰✸ ✧ ✣✩ ✦ ✚ ✛ ✢ ✦ ✜✰✛★✩ ✦✧✦ ✜ ✱ ✙ ✱ ❈ ❚✁ ✴✦ ✜✣✛✸⑤

(5)

✫ ✙

✫✵

★✰✙✣✯ ★

✥✦ ✦

✢✣

✱✺ ◗

✱ ✣

✴ ✜✣

❘ ✧ ✣ ✣

✴ ✜✙✣

✧ ✜

✦✧✦ ✜✰✙

✦ ★✣

✣ ✛

✧ ✣✚

✦ ★

✫ ✛✜✚✣✚②

✦✴ ✣

✣✚ t

✦ ✜✣ ★

✦ ✚ ✈ ★✚

✩✛

✦ ✙✢✛

✝✯ ✄✯✞✯ ✟✯ ✬✯

✷ ✯⑦✯

④✯

❘ ✯ ⑧✯

☛✯

✯ ⑨✯ ☎✯✠✯

⑩✯ ✂

✯ ✆✯

✉ ✯

✡✯✮✯

❶✯❷✯❸✯❹

❈ ✟✚✢✣✚

✭✛✢✜✣✚ ✜✛

✜✛✚✛★✢✣

✣✚ ✙★✙✰✙✣✙✚ ✩✛ ✰ ✣✩✣ ✸

✱ ✩

✦ ✚

✱ ✛✸✚

✱ ✙

✴✦ ✚ s✸✛

✧ ✛✭

✦ ✚✙

✱✧ ✭✛✚

t

✣✢

✦ ✩✛

✱ ✛

✣✰✛✙✢✣✜✛

✱ ✰

✦✱✦ ✣

✱ ✙

✴✦✱ ✛✜✛✰✛

✱✱ ✛✸✚

✴ ✜✣

✩✛✰✙

✱ ✛★✢

✦ ✚

✡④

✉ ☎

☎✝✂④

✷ ✁✞ ☎

✟ ✝ ☎✁

☛✟④

✉ ✡✂✁❺

(6)

❼♥❽❤ ♠ q

✘❾❿➀ ➁

➃ ✕❾

➄ ➅➆

➁❿ ➇❾❾

➃ ❿

➅➈➉ ➊

✎➋❿➀

➆ ➁ ➌➀

➊ ❾

☞ ➍➀

➆➉ ➂

➅➎ ➏

❑ ✗

➆➃ ➐ ❾

➈ ❾➍➁

➆➃

❿ ➑

P

❈ P ✁✭

✴ ✸

✣✚✩✛✈ ★✙

③✛✚ ✛★

✦ ✢✣

✤ ③✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒

P

❈ ❖

❘ ✣✢

✦ ✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓

P

❈ ▼ ✁

C

✳ ✢

✦✧✦ ✭

✦✴

✙✣✩✛ ❶❙✙✢★✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ →

P

❈ ➣

✉ ✜✣★✚

✛✜✚✣✭✙✩✣✩✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ↔

P

❈➒ ✁

✧ ✭✙✰ ✣

✤ ③✛✚

✟✚✢

✹✫ ✛✙✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆

P

❈➓

✞✙✚✰✜✙

✱ ✙★✣★✢✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P❖

✖ ✒ ❿

↕ ➁

➎➉

➂➁❿ ➙

➅➆ ➇➁❿ ✘

➃➄➃ ➍➂

➆➃ ➁➍➁❿

❑➛

P ☎✛✚

✧ ✣

✤✦ ✩

✦ ✚ ✛✭✛

✱ ✛★✢

✦ ✚✩✛

✦ ★✢✣✢

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P

❈ ❖

☎✟✚

✧ ✣

✤✦ ✩✣✚

✄✸✜

✫ ✣✚ ☛✛

✛★✩✜✛✣★✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❖P

❈ ▼ ✬

✜✛★✢✛✚

✩✛ ☎★✩

✣✚ ✠✭

✣★✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❖▼

➜ ✖❿ ☞ ➍➇➁

➆ ❾➁➍➀

➃ ❿ ➂

➃ ✎❾➌➁

➆ ➂❾ ➂

➃ ✕

➆➃ ➍➀

➃ ❿ ➂

✖➍➂➁❿ ✗

➁➍➁❿ ➜➑

❈ P

④★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

✉ ✦✧✦

✭✶

✴ ✙✰

✦ ✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼

❈ ❖ ④★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚✢✙

✧✦

✮✣✚✚✙✭✙✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼

▼ ✟s✸✙

✫ ✣✭

★✰✙✣✩✛✬✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

☎★✩✣✚ ✠✭✣★✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼ ➝

❈ ▼

❈ P ✄✭

✚✚✛✚ ✩✛ ✬✜✛★

✛✚ ✩✛ ☎★✩

✣ ✚ ✛ ✄✭

✚✚✛✚ ✩✛ ✆✙

✱ ✛

✢ ✜✙

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼

➣ ☎✚ ④★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

RO

✳ ✙★✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣➝

❈ ➣

P ☎

✩✙✚✰✜✙

✱ ✙★✣★✢✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣➝

❈ ➣

❖ ✄

✳ ✦

✜✙✛★

✢✣

✤ ③✛✚✩

✦ ✚ ✛✚

✢ ✜

✣✢

✦ ✚ ✩✛

✦ ✩✙

✱ ✛★✚

✥✦ P✩

✦ ✩✙✚

✰ ✜✙

✱ ✙★

✣ ★

✢ ✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ➣

❈ ➣

❈ ▼

☎✚

➒ ✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

✺ ✹ ✚✙✰

✦ ✚

RO

✳ ✙★✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ ➣

❈➒ ☎✚

✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

✩✛t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✧ ✭

✣★✣✚ ✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚ ✩

✣✚

✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣

✤ ③✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ → ➒

❈➒❈ P ☎✚

➓ ✙★

✫ ✣

✜✙

✣ ★

✢ ✛✚

✺ ✹ ✚✙

✦ ✚

RO

✳ ✩✛

✧ ✛★✩✛★

✢ ✛✚

(7)

➆ ➃ ➂

➃ ➆➃ ➃ ➂

➃ ➐

❈ P

④★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★②

✸★✢

✦ ✚

✩✛ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✧ ✭

✣★✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ↔↔

❈ P

❈ P

☎✚ ✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

T

+

T

T

h

T

λ

T

Sp

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ↔↔

❈ P

❈ ❖ ④★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚✩✛

✁✙✰ ✣✜✩✙

✩✛ ✄

✦ ★②✸★✢

✚ ✩✛ ✬✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

☎★✩✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆➣

❈ ❖

★✢✛✚ ✛ ✰ ✣★✣✙✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆

❈ ❖

❈ P

☎✚ ✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

J

+

J

h

λ

✩✛

γ

Γ

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ PP◆

❈ ❖

❈ ❖

✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛

Sp

✩✛

γ

Γ

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ PP

➉ ➍➌

➐➅ ❿➏

❑■❑

➃➠➃➆➡

➍➌❾➁❿ ❍❾➋

➐ ❾

➉➄➆➢ ➤➌➁❿

❑■➜

(8)

♠ r♣

✐ ❥❦ ➦ ♠❣❼❤ ✐

r

P

❈ P

✉ ✜✣★✚

✛✜✚✣✭✙✩✣✩✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ↔

P

❖ ☎✚ ★✶✚ ✚

✥✦ ✣

✧ ✭✙

✰ ✣

✤ ③✛✚✛✚

✹✫ ✛✙✚ ✛

R

3

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ PP

P

❈ ▼ ✄

✦ ★✛

b

2

=

ac

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P❖

P

➣ ⑨✣✚✰✙

✱ ✛★✢

✩✛✩✸✣✚✰➧✚

✧ ✙✩✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P

❈ P ✠✜

✦✧ ✣

✴ ✣

✤ ✥✦ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P➝

❖ ✬✜✛★✢✛ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣ ★

✙★✚✢✣★✢✛

t

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P

❈ ▼ ✟✚

✧ ✣

✤✦ ✩

✦ ✚

✛✭✛

✱ ✛★✢

✦ ✚

✩✛

✦ ★✢✣✢

✦ ✩

✦ ✧ ✭

✣★

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P

❈ ➣

✄✸✜

✫ ✣✚

✭✛

✛★✩✜✛✣★✣✚

✛ ✚✸

✣✚

✧ ✜

✦ ②✛

✤ ③✛✚

t✜

✦ ★✢✣✙✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❖➣

❈➒ ✆✸✣

✫ ✙✇✣

✤ ✥✦ ✩✛✸

✱ ✧✦ ★✢

✩✛ ✰➧✚

✧ ✙✩✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❖➝

❈➓

✬✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✧ ✭

✣★✣✚

✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣

✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❖➝

❈ ➝ ✬

✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✧ ✭

✣★✣✚

✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣

✣✚ ✛

✳ ✦

✜✙✛★✢✣ ✩

✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❖

❈→ ✁✚

✰➧✚

✙✩✛✚ ✛✚✸✣✚✰ ✣✜✣✰✢✛✜✻✚✢✙✰ ✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❖

❈↔

✬✜✛★✢✛ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣

✧ ✭✣★✣

✦✱ ✣

✧ ✛★✣✚ ✸

✱✧✦ ★✢

✩✛✰➧✚

✧ ✙✩✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼◆

❈ P◆ ✬

✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✦✱ ✩

✦ ✙✚

✧✦ ★✢

✦ ✚

✩✛

✰➧✚

✧ ✙✩✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼◆

❈ PP

✉ ✜✣

✤✦

✚✩✛ ✩✸✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✭✣★✣✚ ✛s✸✙

✣✭✛★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼P

❈ P❖ ✄

✱ ✙★❙

✛★✢✜✛ ✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚

✩✛

✦ ★✩✣

α

β

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼P

P▼ ✁✚ ✩✸

✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✧ ✭

✣★✣✚ ✚

✥✦ ✛s✸✙

✫ ✣

✭✛★✢✛✚➨

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼P

❈ P➣ ✡

✱ ✣

✢✛★✢✣✢✙

✫ ✣

✩✛✛★✰

★✢✜✣✜ ✸

✱ ✰ ✣

✱ ✙★❙

✛★✢✜✛ ✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

α

β

❈ ❈ ▼❖

❈ P

✬✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✧ ✭✣★✣✚

✺ ✹ ✚✙✰ ✣✚

✦✱

✻★✩✙✰✛✚

i

µ

✩✣✩ ✦

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼▼

❈ P

➓ ✬

✱ ✻

✭✙

✣ ✩✛

✰ ✸✜

✫ ✣

✧ ✭

✣ ★

✣ ✚

✺ ✹ ✚✙

✰ ✣

✚ ✩✛✁✜★

✦ ✭✩

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼➣

❈ P

✬✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✛★◗✜✙✰ ✣✚ ✛ ★

✥✦ ✴

✛★◗✜✙✰ ✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼ ➝

❈ ❖

✫ ✛★✢

✦ ✚

✦ ✰ ✣

✱ ✛★✢✛★

✥✦✴ ✛★◗✜✙✰

✦ ✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ▼

❈ ▼ ✟

✫ ✛★✢

✦ ✚ ✩

✦ ✢✙

✧✦

K RO

✳ ✙★✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚✯

RO

✳ ✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚ ✛✚✸✣✚ ✚✙

✱ ✛✢✜✙✣✚

❈ ❈ ➣◆

❈ ➣ ✟

✫ ✛★✢

✦ ✚ ✩

✦ ✢✙

✧✦

T RO

✳ ✙★✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚✯

RO

✳ ✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚ ✛ ✚✸✣✚ ✚✙

✱ ✛✢✜✙✣✚

❈ ❈ ➣P

❈➒ ✟

✫ ✛★✢

✦ ✚

✦ ✢✙

✧✦

Π

RO

✙★✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚✯

RO

✳ ✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚

✛ ✚✸

✣✚ ✚✙

✱ ✛✢✜✙✣✚

❈ ❈ ➣❖

❈➓ ✟

✫ ✛★✢

✦ ✚

✦ ✢✙

✧✦

Λ

RO

✙★✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚✯

RO

✳ ✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚

✛ ✚✸

✣✚✚✙

✱ ✛✢✜✙✣✚

❈ ❈ ➣❖

❈ ➝

✲ ✛

✱✧ ✭

✦ ✩✛ ✸

✱ ✰ ✣

✱ ✙★❙

✦✴ ✛★◗✜✙✰

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣▼

❈→

☎✚ ✩

✦ ✙✚

✰ ✣

✱ ✙★❙

✦ ✚

✦ ★✛✰✢✣

✱ ✣✚

✱ ✛✚

✱ ✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣➣

❈↔ ✄

✱ ✙★❙

✦✴ ✛★◗✜✙✰

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣➣

❈ P◆

✞✸✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✧ ✭✣★✣✚

J

+

✳ ✛s✸✙

✣✭✛★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣

PP ✞✸✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚

✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✧ ✭✣★✣✚

J

✳ ✛s✸✙

✣✭✛★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣

❈ P❖ ✞✸

✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✧ ✭

✣★✣✚

Sp

✳ ✛s✸✙

✫ ✣

✭✛★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣

❈ P▼

✞✸✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✧ ✭✣★✣✚

λ

✳ ✛s✸✙

✣✭✛★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣

(9)

❈ ➣ ✤ ✥✦ ✧ ✣✜✣ ✦ ✱ ✙★✣★✢✛★ ✦ ✛✚ ✧ ✣ ✤✦

1

,

0

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣ → ▼ ❈ P ➒ ✡ ✱ ✰ ✣ ✱ ✙★❙ ✦ ✛★✢✜✛ ✣ t✜✛★✢✛ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩ ✣

ω

1

,

0

✧ ✣✜✣ ✛✭ ✣ ✱ ✛✚ ✱ ✣ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➣ ↔ ▼ ❈ P ➓ ✄✜✸✇✣ ✱ ✛★✢ ✦✧ ✛✭ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦ ✩✛ ✧✦ ★✢ ✦ ✚✢✜✙ ✧ ✭ ✦ ✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ ◆ ▼ ❈ P➝ ✟ ✲ ✛ ✱✧ ✭ ✦ ✩✛ t✜✛★✢✛ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩✣ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣✩✣ ✧ ✣✚✚✣★✩ ✦✧✦ ✜✸ ✱✧✦ ★✢ ✦ ✢✜✙ ✧ ✭ ✦

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ P ▼ ❈ P → ☎✜✩✛ ✱ ✰✻✰ ✭✙✰ ✣✩ ✦ ✚ ✭ ✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✢✜✙ ➩★ ✴ ✸✭ ✦ ✚ ✩✛✚✣ ✧ ✣✜✛✰✛★✩ ✦ ✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ P ▼ ❈ P ↔ ✄✣✩✣✭✣✩ ✦ ✩ ✦ ✢✜✙ ➩★ ✴ ✸✭ ✦ ✩✛✚✣ ✧ ✣✜✛✰✛★✩ ✦ ✢✛ ✱ ✚✸✣ ✧ ✜✶ ✧ ✜✙✣ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✤ ✥✦

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ P ▼ ❈ ❖◆ ✉ ✜✙ ➩★ ✴ ✸✭ ✦

✚ s✸✛★✣✚✰✛

✱ ✛ ✱✦ ✜✜✛ ✱ ✛✚✛✸✚ ✚✙★✣✙✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ ❖ ▼ ❈ ❖P ✁✚ ✰ ✦ ✳ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✤ ③✛✚ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✙✚ ✩ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦ ✩✛ ✰ ✦ ✩✙ ✱ ✛★✚ ✥✦ P

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ ▼ ▼ ❈ ❖❖ ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✭★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

KK

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒➓ ▼ ❈ ❖▼ ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✭★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

T T

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ ➝ ▼ ❈ ❖➣ ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣ ✭ ★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

ΠΠ

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒ ➝ ▼ ❈ ❖ ➒ ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✭★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

ΛΛ

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒→

▼ ❈ ❖ ➓ ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✭★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

K

Π

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➒↔ ▼ ❈ ❖➝ ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣ ✭ ★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

KT

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓ ◆ ▼ ❈ ❖ → ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✭✩ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

Π

★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

T

Π

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓ P ▼ ❈ ❖ ↔ ✄ ✦ ✳ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✩ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

T

✧ ✛✜✢ ✦ ✩ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

T

Π

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓ P ▼ ❈ ▼◆ ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣ ✭ ★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

T

Π

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓ ❖ ▼ ❈ ▼P ✄ ✦ ✛✜ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✭★ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

ΠΛ

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓ ▼ ▼ ❈ ▼❖ ☎✚ ✜✣ ✱✦ ✚ ★ ✥✦ ✚ ✥✦ ✰ ✦ ★✛✰✢✣✩ ✦ ✚ ✧✦ ✜ ✸ ✱ ✣ t✜✛★✢✛ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩✣ ✚✛ ✱ ✰➧✚ ✧ ✙✩✛

❈❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓ ➣ ▼ ❈ ▼▼ ☎✚ ✜✣ ✱✦ ✚ ★ ✥✦ ✚ ✥✦ ✰ ✦ ★✛✰✢✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✧✦ ✜ ✸ ✱ ✣ t✜✛★✢✛✩✛ ✦ ★✩ ✣ ✚✛ ✱ ✰➧✚ ✧ ✙✩✛

❈❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓ ➣ ▼ ❈ ▼➣ ✡ ✱ ✰ ✣ ✱ ✙★❙ ✦ ★ ✥✦ ✰ ✦ ★✢✜ ✹ ✢✙✭ ✛ ✱

1

,

2

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓➓ ▼ ❈ ▼ ➒ ✡ ✱ ✰ ✣ ✱ ✙★❙ ✦ ★ ✥✦ ✰ ✦ ★✢✜ ✹ ✰✢✙✭ ✛ ✱

1

,

0

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓ ➝ ▼ ❈ ▼ ➓ ✡ ✱ ✰ ✣ ✱ ✙★❙ ✦ ★ ✥✦ ✰ ✦ ★✢✜ ✹ ✰✢✙✭ ✛ ✱

n−

1

,

0

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓→ ▼ ❈ ▼ ➝ ✁ ✧ ✣✚✚✣ ✴ ✛ ✱ ✩✛ ✸ ✱ ✭✣ ✤✦✧✦ ✜ ✸ ✱✧ ✣✜✩✛ ✰➧✚ ✧ ✙✩✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓→

▼ ❈ ▼ → ⑩✸✣✭ ✦ ✫ ✣✭ ✦ ✜✩ ✦ ✚ ✙★ ✫ ✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚✛ ✱

α

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓↔

▼ ❈ ▼ ↔ ✠✛✜✛✚✢✜ ✦ ✙➫✣ ✩✛

β

✧ ✣✜✣

α

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➓↔ ▼ ❈ ➣◆ ✟ ✲ ✛ ✱✧ ✭ ✦ ✩✛ ✚ ✦✱ ✣ ✰ ✦ ★✛ ✲ ✣

✩✛ ✩✸✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚ ✧ ✭✣★✣✚ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝◆ ▼ ❈ ➣P ✄ ✻✜✰✸✭ ✦ ✚ ✰ ✦✱ ✰ ✦ ✳ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✤ ③✛✚ ✦✧✦ ✚✢✣✚ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝◆ ▼ ❈ ➣❖ ✠ ✦ ★✢✛✚ ✛ ✱✧✦ ✚✙ ✤ ③✛✚ ✩✙t✛✜✛★✢✛✚ ❈❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝P ▼ ❈ ➣▼ ✄✣ ✱ ✙★❙ ✦ ✛★✢✜✛

θ

ω1

,

0

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝P ▼ ❈ ➣➣ ✬✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩✣✚ ✺ ✹ ✚✙✰ ✣✚

ω

i,

0

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝❖ ▼ ❈ ➣ ➒ ✄ ✣ ✱ ✙★❙ ✦ ✛★✢✜✛

θ

γ

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝▼ ▼ ❈ ➣ ➓ ☎✚ ✫ ✣✭ ✦ ✜✛✚ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✙★ ✫ ✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚ ✩✣✚ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣✚

ω1

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝▼ ▼ ❈ ➣➝ ✁ ✚ ✦✱ ✣✰ ✦ ★✛ ✲ ✣ ✩✸✜✣★✢✛ ✣✚ ✧ ✛✜✛✚✢✜ ✦ ✙➫✣✚ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝➣ ▼ ❈ ➣ → ✠✛✜✛✚✢✜ ✦ ✙➫✣ ✛✭✛ ✱ ✛★✢✣✜

P

1

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝ ➒ ▼ ❈ ➣ ↔ ✠✛✜✛✚✢✜ ✦ ✙➫✣✛✭✛ ✱ ✛★✢✣✜

P2

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝ ➒ ▼ ❈➒ ◆ ✠✛✜✛✚✢✜ ✦ ✙➫✣✛✭✛ ✱ ✛★✢✣✜

P3

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝ ➓ ▼ ❈➒ P ✠✛✜✛✚✢✜ ✦ ✙➫✣ ✛✭✛ ✱ ✛★✢✣✜

P

4

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝ ➓ ▼ ❈➒ ❖ ✠✛✜✛✚✢✜ ✦ ✙➫✣✛✭✛ ✱ ✛★✢✣✜

P5

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝ ➓ ▼ ❈➒ ▼ ☎✚ ✧✦ ★✢ ✦ ✚ ✱ ✣✜✰ ✣✩ ✦ ✚ ✙★✩✙✰ ✣ ✱ ✣ ✧✦ ✚✙ ✤ ✥✦ ✩✣ ✧✦ ✚✚✻ ✫ ✛✭ ✰ ✦ ✭✣ ✴ ✛ ✱ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝➝ ▼ ❈➒ ➣ ✆ ✦✱ ✣✰ ✦ ★✛ ✲ ✣ ✩ ✦ ✢✙ ✧✦ ❚P ❯ ✳ ❚P ❯ ✩✛ ✩✸ ✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩ ✣✚ ✺ ✹ ✚✙✰ ✣✚ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ➝ → ▼ ❈➒➒ ✆ ✦✱ ✣✰ ✦ ★✛ ✲ ✣ ✩ ✦ ✢✙ ✧✦ ❚❖❯ ✳ ❚❖❯

✩✛ ✩✸✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

(10)

❈➒→

✣✢✜

✦ ✢✙

✧✦ ✚

✧✦ ★✢✛✚

✦ ✦

✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ → ❖

❈➒↔ ✠✜✛

✧ ✣✜✣★✩

✦ ✦ ✜✣

✱✦ ✧ ✣✜✣

✣✰

✦ ✭

✴ ✛

✸✚✣★✩

✦ ✣✚

s✸

✣✢✜

✦ ✧✦ ★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ → ❖

❈➓ ◆

④★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

✺ ✹ ✚✙✰

✦ ✚

✣✜✣ ✣✚t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✧ ✭✣★✣✚

ω

i,

0

K

i,

0

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ → ➣

❈➓ P ✟

✲ ✛

✱✧ ✭

✦✧ ✣✜✣✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚

✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✺ ✹ ✚✙✰ ✣✚

ω2

,

0

K2

,

0

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ → ➒ ▼

❈➓ ❖

✛✚✢✜✣✢

KK RO

✳ ✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ →→

❈➓ ▼

⑩✸✣✢✜

✦ ✛

✲ ✛

✱✧ ✭

✦ ✚✩✛

K

Π

✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦

RO

✳ ✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ↔ P

❈➓ ➣ ④★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

RO

✳ ✩✛

✛★✩✛★✢✛✚

✧ ✣✜✣

t✜✛★✢✛✚

✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✺ ✹ ✚✙✰ ✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ↔➓

❈ P ✆✛

✧ ✣✜✣

✤ ✥✦ ✩✛ ✩✸

✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✧ ✭

✣★✣✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆P

❈ ❖ ✆✛

✧ ✣✜✣

✤ ✥✦

✩✛t✜✛★✢✛✚✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✦ ★✢✣★✩

✦ ✦

✚ ✰✜✸✇✣

✱ ✛★✢

✦ ✚

✧✦ ✜✰➧✚

✧ ✙✩✛

❈❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆❖

❈ ▼ ✆✛

✧ ✣✜✣

✤ ✥✦

✩✛ ✩✸✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚

✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚

✧ ✭✣★✣✚

✦✱✧✦ ★✢

✦ ✺ ✣✚✛

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆▼

➣ ➭★✩✙

✰ ✛✚✩✛

✦✱✧✦ ★✛★

✢ ✛✚

✦ ★✛

✲ ✣

✚ ✩✛ ✸

✱ ✣

t✜✛★

✢ ✛✩✛

✦ ★✩

✧ ✭

✣ ★

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆

❈➒

✄✙✜✸✜

✴ ✙✣ ★

✦ ✚ ✣✜✰

✦ ✚ ✩✛

Γ

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆ ➝

❈➓ ✠

✦ ✚✚✻

✫ ✛✙✚

✧✦ ★✢✛✚

★✛✰✢✣★✩

✦ ✣✜✰

✦ ✚ ✩✛ ✸

✱ ✣

t✜✛★✢✛

✩✛

✦ ★✩✣

✧ ✭✣★✣

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆

❈ ➝ ✠

✦ ✚✚

✫ ✛✙✚

✧✦ ★

✢ ✛✚

✧ ✣

✣ t✜✛★

✢ ✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣ ✚

✦ ✜✙✛★

✢✣ ✩

✣ ✚✛

✳ ✦

✜✙✛★

✢✣ ✩

✣ ✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆

❈→ ✠

★✢✛✚ ✛ ✰ ✣★✣✙✚

✦ ✜✜✛✚

✧✦

★✩✛★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ P◆

❈↔ ✆

✦✱ ✣

✩✛ ✩✸

✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✦✱

✩✙t✛✜✛★✢✛✚

✧✦ ★✢✛✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ PP◆

❈ P◆ ✄

✦ ★✛

✲✥✦ ✩✛

✣ ✜

✦ ✚✛

✲ ✢

✛✜★

✦ ✚

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ PP❖

❈ PP

Γ

γ

c

Γ

e

e

γ

p

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ PP▼

❈ P❖ ✠

★✢✛ ★✣ ✜✛

✴ ✙

✥✦ ✭✙

✱ ✙✢✣

✧ ✛✭

✣✚

t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✧ ✭

✣★✣ ✩✛

Γ

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ PP➣

❈ P▼ ✠

✦ ✚✚✻

✫ ✛✙✚ ✣✜✰

✦ ✚

✩✛

✦ ★✛

✲✥✦

❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈ PP

(11)

❦ r

❼♥ q

✠✁✡☛✁

✯ ✣✜✰

✦ ✚

✣✜✜

✦ ✚ ✩✛✯

❈ ✆

❈ ✯

✡★✙

✛✜✚✙✩✣✩✛ ✬✛✩✛✜✣✭ ✩✛ ✮ ✙

✤✦ ✚✣✯

✺ ✜✙✭ ✩✛

2010

.

☞ ➍● ➇➁

➆ ❾➁➍➀

➃ ❿

➃ ➠➆➃ ➍➀

➃ ❿

➃ ➉ ➍➂➁❿

↕➐

➁➍➁❿➲ ☎✜✙✛★

✢✣ ✩

✦ ✜

✣ ▲ ✆✙

✱✦ ★✛

✣ ✜✙

✣ ✩✛

✦ ✜

✣ ✛✚

❈ ✄

✜✙✛★✢✣✩

✦ ✜✛✚

✄✣✢✣✜✙★✣ ✛★✩✛✚ ✩✛

✛✚✸✚ ✛ ✬✜✣★✰✙✚✰

✞✸✢✛★❙✛t★✛✜

✟✚✢✣ ✩✙✚✚✛✜✢✣

✤ ✥✦ ◗

✩✛✩✙✰ ✣✩

✣ ✣

✦ ✛✚✢

✸✩

✦ ✩

✦ ✚ ✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

✩✛ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩

✣✚

✧ ✭

✣★✣✚

✚✛

✴ ✸✙★✩

✦ ✦ ✢✜✣

✺ ✣✭❙

✦ ✩✛✚✛★

✫✦ ✭

✫ ✙✩

✦ ✧✦ ✜ ✬

✁✙✰ ✣✜✩✙ ✛

✱ ➳ ✁✙P

✟✭✣ ✛★✰

★✢✜✣ ✛✚✢✛✚ ✙★

✫ ✣✜✙✣★

✢✛✚ t✣✇✛★✩

✦ ✸

✱ ✣

✛★✛✜✣✭✙✇✣

✤ ✥✦ ✩

✦ ✚ ✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚ ✩✛ ✰✸✜

✫ ✣✚

✭✣★✣✚ ✙★✢✜

✦ ✩✸✇✙✩

✦ ✚

✧✦ ✜

✁✜★

✦ ✭✩

✸✢✙✭✙✇✣★✩

✦ ✣

✉ ✛

✦ ✜✙✣

✩✛ ✮✣✚✚✙✭✙✛

⑨✛✚✢✛ ✢✜✣

✺ ✣

✭❙

✦ ✛✚✢

✸✩

✱✦ ✚ ✛

✩✛✚✰✜✛

✫ ✛

✱✦ ✚

✦ ✚ ✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

✩✛ ✁✙

✰ ✣ ✜✩✙

✯✣ ✚✚✙

✱ ✰

✦✱✦ ✚✸

✣ ✚

✧ ✜

✦✧ ✜✙✛✩

✣ ✩✛✚

❈ ✁✭◗

✱ ✩✙✚✚

✦ ✯

✢ ✙✭✙✇

✣ ★✩

✦ ✣

✚ ★

✦✤ ③✛✚ ✩✛

✧✦ ★

✢ ✛✚ ✛

✰ ✣★✣✙✚✩✛✰✸✜

✫ ✣✚✩✣✩

✦ ✛

✱ ➳ ❘

✳ ✂✬➵

✜✛✚✛★✢✣

✱✦ ✚✸

✱ ✣✭

✴✦ ✜✙✢

✱✦

✣✭✢✛✜★✣✢✙

✫✦✧ ✣✜✣

✦ ✰

✹ ✭✰✸✭

✩✛

✢✣✙✚✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

(12)

r♣

❤ ✐❧ ♣

✠✁✡☛✁

✯ ✣✜✰

✦ ✚

✣✜✜

✦ ✚✩✛✯

❈ ✆

❈ ✯

✡★✙

✛✜✚✙✩✣✩✛✬✛✩✛✜✣✭✩✛✮ ✙

✤✦ ✚✣✯

✧ ✜✙✭

✦ t

2010

.

☞ ➍➇ ➁

➆ ❾●

➁➍➀❿

➉➠ ➺ ➁➇

➃ ➠➆➉

➍➀❿➲ ✁✩

✫ ✙✚

✦ ✜▲ ✆✙

✱✦ ★✛

✣ ✜✙

✣ ✩✛

✦ ✜

✣ ✛✚

❈ ✄

✳ ✣

✙✚✛✜✚▲ ✄

✣✢✣ ✜✙★

✛★✩✛✚

✩✛

✛✚✸✚ ✣★✩ ✬✜✣★✰✙✚✰

✞✸✢✛★❙✛t★✛✜

❙✙✚ ✩✙✚✚✛✜✢✣✢✙

✦ ★ ✙✚

✩✛

✫✦ ✢✛✩

✦ ✢

❙✛

✚✢ ✸✩

➔ ✦ t ➻

✫ ✛

✧ ✭

✣★✣✜ t✜

✦ ★✢✚

t

✦ ✭✭

✦ ➻✙★

✴ ✢

❙✛ ➻

✦ ✜➫

✩✛

✫ ✛✭

✦✧ ✛✩

✺➔

✁✙✰ ✣✜✩✙ ✙★

➳ ✁✙P

✆❙✛ ✈ ★✩✚ ✢❙✛✚✛ ✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✚ ✣✚

✛★✛✜✣✭✙✇✣✢✙

✦ ★

✦ t ✢❙

✦ ✚✛

✙★✢✜

✦ ✩✸✰✛✩

✺➔ ✁✜★

✦ ✭✩ t

✦ ✜

✭✣★✛ ✰✸✜

✫ ✛✚

✺➔ ✸✚✙★

✢❙✛ ✮✣✚✚✙✭✙✛

✉ ❙✛

✦ ✜

④★ ✢❙✙✚ ➻

✦ ✜➫✯ ➻✛

✚✢ ✸✩

✣★✩✩✛✚✰✜✙

✺ ✛

✁✙✰ ✣✜✩✙➼✚

✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✚✣✚ ➻✛✭✭

✣✚

✢ ❙✛✙✜

✧ ✜

✦✧ ✛✜✢✙✛✚

❈ ✦

✜✛

✦✫ ✛✜✯

✺➔ ✸✚✙★

✴ ✢

❙✛

✦ ✢

✦ ★✚

✦ t

✺ ✜✙✩

✴ ✛✚

✣ ★✩

✰ ❙

✣ ★★✛✭✚

✴ ✙

✫ ✛★ ✙★

➳ ❘

✳ ✂✬➵

➻✛

✦✺ ✢✣

✙★

✣ ★

✣ ✭

✢ ✛✜★

✣✢ ✙

✫ ✛

✣ ✭

✴✦ ✜✙

✢ ❙

✱ t

✦ ✜

✢❙✛ ✰ ✣✭✰✸✭✣✢✙

✦ ★

t ✚✸✰❙ ✙★

✣✜✙✣★✢✚

(13)

♦ ♣ ❤ q ❥❼➾➚ q ✁ ➪ ❂➶❃✿ ✽ ➹ ❂ ➘➴❃➷ ✽ ❀ ➬➮ ✽ ❆ ✽ ❀ ➱❂❅ ✃✽➹✽ ❀ ✯ s✸✛ ✚ ✥✦ ✙ ✱ ✛✜✚③✛✚✩ ✦ ✰✻✜✰✸✭ ✦ ★ ✦ ✧ ✭✣★ ✦ ✯ ✧✦ ✩✛✚✛✜ ✰ ✦ ★✚✙✩✛✜ ✣ ✩ ✣✰ ✦✱✦ ✸ ✱ ✧ ✣ ✜ ✣ ✭✛✭ ✦ ✪ ✉ ✛ ✦ ✜✙ ✣ ✩✛⑨✶✚ ❈ ⑨✣ ✚ ➧ ✭ ✢ ✙ ✱ ✣ ✚✩✸ ✣ ✚✩◗✰ ✣✩ ✣ ✚ ✦ ✛✚ ✢ ✸✩ ✦ ✩✛✚ ✢✣ ✚ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣✚✣✢✜✣✙✸ ✣ ✣✢✛★ ✤ ✥✦ ✩✛ ✫✹ ✜✙ ✦ ✚ ✱ ✣✢✛ ✱ ✹ ✢✙✰ ✦ ✚✯ ✣ ✧ ✶✚✮✭✣✩✙ ✱ ✙✜④ ✴✦ ✜✛ ✫ ✙✰❙✁✜★ ✦ ✭✩✯ ✱✦ ✢✙ ✫ ✣✩ ✦ ✧✦ ✜ ✧ ✜ ✦✺ ✭✛ ✱ ✣✚✩✛ ✉ ✦✧✦ ✭ ✦✴ ✙✣✩✛ ✄ ✦ ★✢✣✢ ✦ ❚ ➳ ✷ ✛P➵ ✛ ➳ ✷ ✛❖ ➵ ❯✯ ✙★✢✜ ✦ ✩✸✇✙✜✯★ ✦ ✙★✻✰✙ ✦ ✩ ✦ ✚✣★ ✦ ✚ ↔ ◆ ✯ ✢✜ ✵ ✚ ✙★ ✫ ✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚✣✚✚ ✦ ✰✙✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✣ ✛✭ ✣✚ ❈ ❐ ✚✣ ✺ ✙✩ ✦ s✸✛

C

(

S

1

,

R

2

)

✯ ✦ ✰ ✦ ★②✸★✢ ✦ ✩✣✚✰✸✜ ✫ ✣✚✩✙t✛✜✛★✰✙ ✹✫ ✛✙✚t✛✰❙✣✩✣✚ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣✩✣✚✙ ✱ ✛✜ ✳ ✚✣✚ ★ ✦ ✧ ✭ ✣★ ✦ ✯ ✢✛ ✱ ✩✙t✛✜✛★✢✛✚ ✰ ✦✱✧✦ ★✛★✢✛✚ ✰ ✦ ★✛ ✲ ✣✚✯ ✜✛ ✧ ✜✛✚✛★✢✣ ✩ ✣✚ ✧ ✛✭ ✣✚ ✩✙✚✢✙★✢✣✚ ✰ ✭ ✣✚✚✛✚ ✩✛ ✙✚ ✦ ✢ ✦✧ ✙✣ ✩ ✣✚ ✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣✚ ✧ ✭ ✣★✣✚ t✛✰❙ ✣ ✩ ✣✚ ✙ ✱ ✛✜✚✣✚ ❈ ✟ ✱ P ↔

▼ ➝❶❙✙✢★✛

➔ ✙★✢✜ ✦ ✩✸✇✙✸ ✛ ✱ ➳ ❶❙✙➵ ✸ ✱ ✙★ ✫ ✣✜✙✣★✢✛ ✰ ✦✱✧ ✭✛✢ ✦✧ ✣✜✣ ✛✚✢✣✚ ✰✭✣✚✚✛✚ ✩✛ ✙✚ ✦ ✢ ✦✧ ✙✣✯ ✣ ✚✣ ✺ ✛✜ ✦ ✻★✩✙✰✛ ✩✛ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣✯ ✩ ✣ ✩ ✦ ✧ ✛✭ ✦ ★➧ ✱ ✛✜ ✦ ✩✛ ✜ ✦ ✢✣ ✤ ③✛✚ ✩ ✣ ✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣✯ ✱ ✣✙✚ ✧ ✜✛✰✙✚✣ ✱ ✛★✢✛ ✦ ★➧ ✱ ✛✜ ✦ ✩✛ ✫✦ ✭ ✢✣✚ ✰ ✦✱✧ ✭✛✢✣✚s✸✛ ✦ ✫ ✛✢ ✦ ✜✢✣★ ✴ ✛★✢✛ t ✣✇ ✣ ✦✧ ✛✜✰ ✦ ✜✜✛✜ ✣✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣ ✰ ✦ ★✚✙✩✛✜✣★✩ ✦ ✚✸✣ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ❈ ⑨ ✦ ✙★✻✰✙ ✦ ✩✣ ✩◗✰ ✣✩✣ ✩✛ ↔ ◆ ✩ ✦ ✚◗✰✸✭ ✦ ❷❷✯ ✮✣✚✚✙✭✙✛ ✫ ✩✛✚✛★ ✫✦ ✭ ✫ ✛✸ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✢✛ ✦ ✜✙✣ ❚ ➳ ✮P➵ ✛ ➳ ✮❖ ➵ ❯✯ ✩✛★ ✦✱ ✙★✣ ✩ ✣ ✉ ✛ ✦ ✜✙✣ ✩✛ ✮✣✚✚✙✭✙✛ ✫ ✯✰ ✸ ② ✣ ✢◗✰★✙✰ ✣ ✰ ✦ ★✚✙✚✢✛ ✛ ✱ ✰ ✣✜✣✰✢✛✜✙✇✣✜ ✦ ✚✸ ✺ ✛✚ ✧ ✣ ✤✦ ✩✛ ✙★✢✛✜✛✚✚✛ ✰ ✦✱✦ ✦ ✰ ✦✱✧ ✭✛ ✱ ✛★✢ ✦ ✩✛ ✸ ✱ ✰✛✜✢ ✦ ✚✸ ✺ ✰ ✦ ★②✸★✢

✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢✙✈✰ ✣✩ ✦ ✰❙✣ ✱ ✣✩ ✦ ✩✙✚✰✜✙ ✳ ✱ ✙★✣★✢✛✩ ✦ ✰ ✦ ★②✸★✢

✦ ❈ ✄ ✦✱ ✣ ✙★✢✜ ✦ ✩✸ ✤ ✥✦ ✩✛✚✢✣ ✢✛ ✦ ✜✙✣ ❙ ✦ ✸ ✫ ✛ ✸ ✱ ✰✜✛✚✰✛★✢✛ ✙★✢✛✜✛✚✚✛ ★ ✦ ✛✚✢ ✸✩ ✦ ✩✛ ✙★ ✫ ✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚ ✢ ✦✧✦ ✭✶ ✴ ✙✰ ✦ ✚ ✩✛ ✣ ✧ ✭✙✰ ✣ ✤ ③✛✚✯✢✣★✢ ✦ ✩ ✦✧✦ ★✢ ✦ ✩✛ ✫ ✙✚✢✣ ✭ ✦ ✰ ✣✭ ✰ ✦✱✦ ✴ ✭ ✦✺ ✣✭✯✢✛★✩ ✦ ✚✙✩ ✦ ✣ ✧ ✭✙✰ ✣✩✣ ✣✣ ✧ ✭✙✰ ✣ ✤ ③✛✚✛✚✢ ✹✫ ✛✙✚ ✩✛▲ ❚✙ ❯ ✛✜ ✴ ✸✭❙ ✦ ✚ ✩✛

S

1

✛ ✱

R

3

✯ ✦ ✚ ✰ ✦ ★❙✛ ✰ ✙✩ ✦ ✚ ★✶✚ ✯ ✧ ✛✭ ✦ ✧ ✜✶ ✧ ✜✙ ✦ ✮ ✣ ✚✚✙✭✙✛ ✫ ➳ ✮P ➵ ❈ ❚ ✙✙❯ ④ ✱ ✛✜✚③✛✚ ✩✛

S

1

✛ ✱

R

2

✯✰ ✦✱✦ ② ✹ ✰ ✦✱ ✛★✢✣✩ ✦ ✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✁✜★ ✦ ✭✩ ➳ ✁P➵ ✛ ➳ ✁❖➵ ❈ ❚ ✙✙✙❯ ✆✸ ✧ ✛✜t ✻✰✙✛✚✙ ✱ ✛✜✚✣✚ ✛ ✱

R

3

✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✷ ✦ ✜ ➔ ✸★ ✦✫ ➳ ✷ ✦ ✜❖ ➵ ❈ ❚✙ ✫ ❯ ✆✸ ✧ ✛✜t✻✰✙✛✚ ★ ✦ ✧ ✭✣★ ✦ ✯ ✧✦ ✜ ☎❙ ✱✦ ✢ ✦ ✛ ✁✙✰ ✣✜✩✙ ➳ ☎ ✳ ✁➵ ✛ ✛★✩✛✚ ✩✛ ❘ ✛✚✸✚ ✛ ✂ ✦✱ ✛✜ ✦ ✳ ✬✸✚✢✛✜ ➳ ⑦ ✂P➵ ❈ ❚ ✫ ❯

3

✳ ✫ ✣✜✙✛✩ ✣ ✩✛✚ ★ ✦

R

3

✯ ✧✦ ✜ ✂ ❈ ☎ ❈ ✆✙★❙ ✣ ➳ ✆➵ ❈ ⑨ ✦ ✰ ✣✚ ✦ ✩✛ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣✚ ✧

✭✣★✣✚ t✛✰❙✣✩✣✚ ✁✜★

✦ ✭✩ ✛✚✢✜✣✢✙✈✰ ✦ ✸ ✦ ✩✙✚✰✜✙ ✱ ✙★✣★✢✛ ✭✛ ✫ ✣★✩ ✦ ✛ ✱ ✰ ✦ ★✢✣ ✦ ✚ t✛★✶ ✱ ✛★ ✦ ✚ ✭ ✦

✰ ✣✙✚ s✸✛

✦ ✰ ✦ ✜✜✛ ✱ ★✣✚ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣✚ ✙ ✱ ✛✜✚✣✚ ❈ ✟✭✛ ✙★✢✜ ✦ ✩✸✇✙✸ ✢✜ ✵ ✚ ✙★ ✫ ✣ ✳ ✜✙✣★✢✛✚ ✢ ✦✧✦ ✭✶ ✴ ✙✰ ✦ ✚ ★✸ ✱ ◗✜✙✰ ✦ ✚ ❚ ✙★✢✛✙✜ ✦ ✚❯ ✜✛✭ ✣✰✙ ✦ ★✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✰ ✦✱ ✦ ✚✸ ✺ ✰ ✦ ★② ✸★✢ ✦

E

(

S

1

,

R

2

)

✩✛

C

(

S

1

,

R

2

)

✯✰ ✦ ★②✸★✢ ✦ ✩✣✚ ✣ ✧ ✭✙✰ ✣ ✤ ③✛✚✛✚✢ ✹✫ ✛✙✚ ✩✛

S

1

★ ✦ ✧ ✭✣★ ✦ ✯✣ ✙ ✱ ✣ ✴ ✛ ✱ ✩✛✚✢✣✚ ✣ ✧ ✭✙✰ ✣ ✤ ③✛✚ ✚ ✥✦ ✰✸✜ ✫

✣✚ s✸✛ ✢✛

(14)

ÏÐÑÒÓ Ð ✁✚ ✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣✚ ✭✛ ✴ ✛★✩✜✛✣★✣✚t ✦ ✜ ✱ ✣ ✱ ✸ ✱ ✣✰ ✭ ✣✚✚✛ ✩✛ ✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣✚ t✛✰❙ ✣ ✩ ✣✚✯★✛✚✢✛✰ ✣✚ ✦ ✚ ✥✦ ✙ ✱ ✛✜✚③✛✚ ✩ ✦ ✰✻✜✰ ✸✭ ✦

S

1

✛ ✱

M

✯✣

3

✳ ✫ ✣✜✙✛✩ ✣ ✩✛✩✛ ✰ ✦ ★✢✣✢ ✦ ✰ ✦ ★✚✢✜✸ ✻ ✩ ✣✣ ✧ ✣✜✢✙✜ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✛✭✛ ✱ ✛★✢ ✦ ✚ ✩✛ ✰ ✦ ★✢✣✢ ✦ ✩ ✦ ✧ ✭✣★ ✦

R

2

✯ ★ ✦ ✰ ✣✚ ✦ ✩✛ ✱ ✛✜ ✴ ✸✭❙ ✦ ✚✚ ✥✦ ✰❙✣ ✱ ✣✩✣✚★✶✚ ✭✛ ✴ ✛★✩✜✛✣★ ✦ ✚ ❈ ✠ ✣✜✣ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣✚ ✭✛ ✴ ✛★✩✜✛✣★✣✚ ✧✦ ✩✛ ✱✦ ✚ ✩✛✈ ★✙✜ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✰✭✣✚✚✛ ✩✛ ❙ ✦✱✦ ✢ ✦✧ ✙✣✯ ✛✚✢✣ ✺ ✛✭✛✰✛★✩ ✦ ✦ ✢✙ ✧✦ ✩✛ ✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣ ❈ ✁✚✚✙ ✱

C

(

S

1

, M

)

✯ ✛✚ ✧ ✣ ✤✦ ✩ ✣✚ ✙ ✱ ✛✜✚③✛✚ ✩✙t✛✜✛★✰✙ ✹✫ ✛✙✚ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✩ ✣✚ ✛ ✰ ✦ ✳ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣✩✣✚ ✩✛

S

1

✛ ✱

M

✯ ✢✛ ✱ ✩✙t✛✜✛★✢✛✚ ✰ ✦✱✧✦ ★✛★✢✛✚ ✰ ✦ ★✛ ✲ ✣✚ s✸✛ ✢✣ ✱✺ ◗ ✱ ✚ ✥✦ ✜✛ ✧ ✜✛✚✛★ ✳ ✢✣✩✣✚ ✧ ✛✭✣✚ ✩✙t✛✜✛★✢✛✚ ✰✭✣✚✚✛✚ ✩✛❙ ✦✱✦ ✢ ✦✧ ✙✣ ❈ ⑨ ✦ ✰ ✣✚ ✦ ✩✛ ✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣✚ ✭✛ ✴ ✛★✩✜✛✣★✣✚ ✢✛✜✛ ✱✦ ✚ ✩ ✦ ✙✚ ✻★✩✙✰✛✚ ✣✚✚ ✦ ✰✙✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✪ ✰ ✸✜ ✫ ✣✯ ✦ ✧ ✜✙ ✱ ✛✙✜ ✦ ◗ ✣★ ✹ ✭ ✦✴✦ ✣ ✦

✻★✩✙✰✛✩✛❶❙✙✢★✛

i

✛ ✦ ✚✛ ✴ ✸★✩ ✦ ◗ ✦ ✰❙✣ ✱ ✣✩ ✦ ✻★✩✙✰✛ ✩✛ ✣✚✭ ✦✫

µ

❈ ✮✛✜✛ ✱✦ ✚ ✰ ✦✱✱

✣✙✚✩✛✢✣✭❙✛✚s✸✛ ✸

✱ ✣

(2

n

1)

✳ ✫ ✣✜✙✛✩✣✩✛✩✛ ✰ ✦ ★✢✣✢ ✦ ◗ ✰ ✦ ★✚✢✜✸✻✩✣ ✰ ✦ ★ ✳ ✚✙✩✛✜✣★✩ ✦ ✛ ✱

R

n

✦ ✚ ✛✭✛ ✱ ✛★✢ ✦ ✚ ✩✛ ✰ ✦ ★✢✣✢ ✦ s✸✛ ✚ ✥✦ ❙✙ ✧ ✛✜ ✧ ✭ ✣★ ✦ ✚ ✚✣✢✙✚t✣✇✛★✩ ✦ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✩✛✢✛✜ ✱ ✙ ✳ ★✣✩✣ ✛s✸✣ ✤ ✥✦ ❈ ❚ ✮✛② ✣ ✞✛✈ ★✙ ✤ ✥✦ ❖ ❈ P❯ ❈ ⑨✛✚✢✣ ✫ ✣✜✙✛✩✣✩✛ ✰ ✦ ★✚✙✩✛✜✣ ✱✦ ✚ ✣ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✩✛

R

n

✛ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✰ ✦ ✳ ✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ❈ ✁✭◗ ✱ ✩✙✚✚ ✦ ✯ ✙★✢✜ ✦ ✩✸✇✙ ✱✦ ✚ ★✛✭✣ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✛✚✢✜✸✢✸✜✣ ✩✛ ✰ ✦ ★✢✣✢ ✦

ξ

✯ s✸✛ ◗ ✦ ★➧✰ ✭✛ ✦ ✩✛ ✸ ✱ ✣

1

✳ t ✦ ✜ ✱ ✣ ✩✙t✛✜✛★✰✙ ✹✫ ✛✭ ✯ ✩✛★ ✦ ✢✣★✩ ✦

M

✧✦ ✜

(

M, ξ

)

❈ ✄

★✚✙✩✛✜✣★✩

n

= 2

✯ ✢✛

✱✦ ✚

(

M, ξ

)

✸ ✱ ✣

3

✳ ✫ ✣✜✙✛✩✣✩✛ ✩✛ ✰ ✦ ★✢✣✢ ✦ ✛ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣ ★✛✚✢✣

3

✳ ✫ ✣✜✙✛✩✣✩✛ ◗✭✛ ✴ ✛★✩✜✛✣★✣✚✛◗ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✙ ✱ ✛✜✚ ✥✦ ✩ ✦ ✰✻✜✰✸✭ ✦

S

1

✛ ✱

M

s✸✛ ◗✢✣★ ✴ ✛★✢✛ ✣ ✦ ✚ ✧ ✭✣★ ✦ ✚ ✩ ✣ ✛✚✢✜✸ ✢ ✸✜✣✩✛ ✰ ✦ ★✢✣✢ ✦ ❈ ✄ ✦✱✦ ✢ ✦ ✩✣ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣ ✭✛ ✴ ✛★✩✜✛✣★✣ ✢✛ ✱ ✣✚✚ ✦ ✰✙✣✩✣ ✸ ✱ ✣ t✜✛★✢✛ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩✣ ✧ ✭✣★✣✯ ✦✺ ✢✙✩✣ ✧ ✛✭✣ ✧ ✜ ✦ ②✛ ✤ ✥✦ ✩✣✰✸✜ ✫ ✣ ✛ ✱ ✸ ✱✧ ✭✣★ ✦ ✩✛✢✛✜ ✱ ✙★✣✩ ✦ ❈ ✟ ✜✛✰✙ ✧ ✜ ✦ ✰ ✣ ✱ ✛★✢✛✯✣✢✜✣ ✫ ◗✚✩✛✸ ✱ ✣ t✜✛★✢✛ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩ ✣ ✧ ✭ ✣★✣✯ ✩✛✈ ★✙✩ ✣ ✰ ✦✱✦ ✚✛★✩ ✦ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✙ ✱ ✛✜✚ ✥✦ ✛ ✲ ✰✛✢ ✦ ✛ ✱ ✧✦ ★✢ ✦ ✚ ✙✚ ✦ ✭ ✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✦ ★✩✛ ✦ ✰ ✦ ✜✜✛ ✱ ✣✚ ✰➧✚ ✧ ✙✩✛✚✯ ✧✦ ✩✛ ✳ ✚✛✜✛✰✸ ✧ ✛✜✣✜ ✣ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣ ✭✛ ✴ ✛★✩✜✛✣★✣✯✛★✢ ✥✦ t✣✇✚✛★✢✙✩ ✦✧ ✣✚✚✣✜ ✣ ✦ ✛✚✢✸✩ ✦ ✩✛ ✛s✸✙ ✫ ✣✭ ✵ ★✰✙✣✚ ✛★✢✜✛ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩✣✚ ✧ ✭✣★✣✚ ❈ ✟ ✱ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩ ✣✚ ✧ ✭ ✣★✣✚ ✧✦ ✩✛ ✱✦ ✚ ✢✣ ✱✺ ◗ ✱ ✩✛✈ ★✙✜ ✦ ✚ ✻★✩✙✰✛✚

i

µ

s✸✛ ✰ ✦ ✙★✰✙✩✛ ✱ ✰ ✦✱ ✦ ✚ ✻★✩✙✰✛✚ ✩✣✚ ✰✸✜ ✫ ✣✚ ✭✛ ✴ ✛★✩✜✛✣★✣✚ ✰ ✦ ✜✜✛✚ ✧✦ ★✩✛★✢✛✚ ❈ ✁✚✚✙ ✱ ✯

✩✣✩✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚ ✰ ✦✱ ✻★✩✙✰✛✚

i

µ

◗ ★✣✢✸✜✣✭ ✧ ✛✜ ✴ ✸★✢✣✜ ✚✛ ◗ ✧✦ ✚✚✻ ✫ ✛✭ ✛✚✢✣ ✺ ✛✭✛✰✛✜ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✛s✸✙ ✫ ✣✭ ✵ ★✰✙✣ ✱ ✣✙✚ ✜✛✈ ★✣ ✩ ✣ ★ ✦ ✰ ✦ ★② ✸★✢ ✦ ✩ ✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚✩✛ ✦ ★✩ ✣✚ ✧ ✭ ✣★✣✚ ✰ ✦✱ ✛✚✢✛✚ ✻★✩✙✰✛✚ ❈ ⑨ ✦ ✢✜✣ ✺ ✣✭❙ ✦ ✩✛ ✁✜★ ✦ ✭✩ ➳ ✁P➵ ✛★✰ ✦ ★✢✜✣ ✱✦ ✚ ✸ ✱ ✛✚✢✸✩ ✦ ✧ ✜✛✭✙ ✱ ✙★✣✜ ★✣ ✺ ✸✚✰ ✣ ✩✛ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✜✛✚ ✧✦ ✚✢✣ ✧

✣✜✣ ✛✚✢✣ s✸✛✚✢

✥✦ ❈ ⑨ ✦ ✛★✢✣★✢ ✦ ✯ t ✦ ✙ ✬✜✣★✰✛✚✰ ✣ ✁✙✰ ✣✜✩✙ ✛ ✱ ➳ ✁✙P➵ s✸✛ ✱ ✩✛✸ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✜✛✚ ✧✦ ✚✢✣ ✩✛✈ ★✙✢✙ ✫ ✣ ✣ ✦ t ✣✇✛✜ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✩✛✚✰✜✙ ✤ ✥✦ ✰ ✦✱✧ ✭✛✢✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✙★ ✫ ✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚

✩✛ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛

✦ ★✩ ✣✚ ✧ ✭✣★✣✚ ❈ ☎ ✢✜✣ ✺ ✣✭❙ ✦ ✩✛ ✁✙✰ ✣✜✩✙ ◗ ✩✛✚✛★ ✫✦ ✭ ✫ ✙✩ ✦ ✩✛ ✱ ✣★✛✙✜✣ ✣★ ✹ ✭ ✦✴ ✣ ✣ ✦ ✩✛ ✁✜★ ✦ ✭✩✯ ✦ ✸ ✚✛②

✣✯ ✸✢✙ ✳ ✭✙✇✣★✩ ✦ ✣ ✉ ✛ ✦ ✜✙✣ ✩✛ ✮✣✚✚✙✭✙✛ ✫ ✚✛ ✛✚✢✜✣✢✙✈✰ ✣ ✦ ✰ ✦ ★② ✸★✢ ✦

C

(

S

1

, M

)

✣✢✜✣ ✫ ◗✚ ✩✛ ✚✛✸ ✩✙✚✰✜✙ ✱ ✙ ✳ ★✣★✢✛ ❈ ✟✚✢✣ ✢✛ ✦ ✜✙✣ ✜✛✚✸✭✢✣ ✚✛✜ ✱ ✸✙✢ ✦ ➧✢✙✭✯ ✧✦ ✙✚ ✣✭◗ ✱ ✩✛ ✩✛✢✛✜ ✱ ✙★✣✜ ✦ ✚ ✙★ ✫ ✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚✯ ✧✦ ✚✚✙ ✺ ✙✭✙✢✣ ✦✺ ✢✛✜ ✸ ✱ ✣ ✺ ✣✚✛ ✩ ✦ ✛✚ ✧ ✣ ✤✦ ✩ ✦ ✚✙★ ✫ ✣✜✙✣★✢✛✚ ✣✚✚ ✦ ✰✙✣ ✩ ✦ ✚ ✣

E

(

S

1

, M

)

✯✰ ✦ ★② ✸★✢ ✦ ✩ ✣✚ t✜✛★✢✛✚✩✛ ✦ ★✩✣✚ ✧ ✭✣★✣✚ ✛✚✢ ✹✫

✛✙✚✯ s✸✛ ✢✛

✱ ✰ ✦✱✦ ✚✙★ ✴ ✸✭✣✜✙✩✣✩✛✚ ✦ ✚ ✧✦ ★✢ ✦ ✚ ✩✸ ✧ ✭ ✦ ✚ ✢✜✣★✚ ✫ ✛✜✚✣✙✚ ✛ ✣✚ ✰➧✚ ✧ ✙✩✛✚ ✚✛ ✱ ✙ ✳ ✰➧ ✺ ✙✰ ✣✚ ❈ ✣✙✚ ✧ ✜✛✰✙✚✣ ✱ ✛★✢✛ ★✛✚✢✛ ✰ ✣✚ ✦ ✯ ✣ ✦ ✣ ✧ ✭✙✰ ✣✜ ✣ ✉ ✛ ✦ ✜✙✣ ✩✛ ✮✣✚✚✙✭✙✛ ✫ ✛ ✱

C

(

S

1

, M

)

✧ ✣✜✣ ✩✛✢✛✜ ✱ ✙★✣✜ ✣ ❙✙ ✧ ✛✜✚✸ ✧ ✛✜t✻✰✙✛✩✙✚✰✜✙ ✱ ✙★✣★✢✛✯t ✦ ✜ ✱ ✣✩✣ ✧

✛✭✣✚t✜✛★✢✛✚✩✛

✦ ★✩✣✚★ ✥✦✴ ✛★◗✜✙✰ ✣✚✯ ✚ ✥✦✦✺ ✢✙✩ ✦ ✚s✸✣✢✜ ✦ ✛✚✢✜✣✢ ✦ ✚✙★✩✛ ✧ ✛★✩✛★✢✛✚ ✧ ✛✭✣ ✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✩ ✦✴ ✜✸ ✧✦

RO

✩ ✦ ✚ ✱✦✫ ✙ ✱ ✛★✢ ✦ ✚✜✻ ✴ ✙✩ ✦ ✚ ✩ ✦✧ ✭ ✣★ ✦ s✸✛ ✧ ✜✛✚✛✜ ✫ ✣ ✱✦ ✜✙✛★✢✣ ✤ ✥✦ ✯✣ ✚✣ ✺ ✛✜✯ ✦

✩✛t✜✛★✢✛✚✩✛

✦ ★✩ ✣✚ ✰ ✦✱ ✣ ✸ ✢ ✦ ✳ ✢✣★ ✴✵ ★✰✙✣✯ ✦ ✩✛ t✜✛★✢✛✚ ✩✛ ✦ ★✩✣✚ ✰ ✦✱✧✦ ★✢ ✦ ✚✢✜✙ ✧ ✭ ✦ ✚✯ ✦

✩✛t✜✛★✢✛✚✩✛

Referências

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