Morfologia de frutos e sementes de espécies arbóreas do gênero Solanum L..

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MORFOLOGIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS DO GÊNERO

Solanum L.

1

ESTELA DALPIM CASTELLANI2_{, CARLOS FERREIRA DAMIÃO FILHO}3_{, IVOR BERGEMANN DE AGUIAR}4_, RINALDO CÉSAR DE PAULA5

RESUMO – O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a morfologia do fruto e da semente de três

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INTRODUÇÃO

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O planejamento do tipo de processamento a ser adotado para as sementes também depende do conhecimento prévio VREUHDPRUIRORJLDGHIUXWRVHVHPHQWHV6LOYDHWDOH 6LOYDUHODWDUDPTXHRPpWRGRGHVHFDJHPHH[WUDomR GHVHPHQWHVGHHVSpFLHVÀRUHVWDLVGHSHQGHGDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV PRUIROyJLFDV GRV IUXWRV EHP FRPR GH VXD FRQVLVWrQFLD H GHLVFrQFLD 6HJXQGR HVVHV DXWRUHV R EHQH¿FLDPHQWR GDV VHPHQWHVVySRGHVHUDGHTXDGDPHQWHUHDOL]DGRTXDQGRVH WHPFRQKHFLPHQWRSUpYLRGDPRUIRORJLDGHVVHVyUJmRV

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Os trabalhos com a morfologia de sementes e de plântulas VmR WDPEpP LPSRUWDQWHV SRU VXEVLGLDUHP SHVTXLVDV VREUH banco de sementes do solo e chuvas de sementes provenientes GHiUYRUHVHGHDJHQWHVGLVSHUVRUHV6mRLPSRUWDQWHVDLQGD SDUD DX[LOLDU D LGHQWL¿FDomR GDV HVSpFLHV HP HVWXGRV GH UHJHQHUDomRQDWXUDOGHiUHDVGHJUDGDGDV

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de SolanumVmR HVFDVVDV DV SXEOLFDo}HV TXH FRQWHPSODP D

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seSolanum granuloso-leprosum'XQDOS. lycocarpum $6W

Hil. e S. pseudoquina$6W+LO.REMHWRVGRSUHVHQWHWUDEDOKR

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S. granuloso-leprosum é conhecida popularmente

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(PYLVWDGRTXHIRLH[SRVWRRSUHVHQWHWUDEDOKRWHYHSRU objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente os frutos e sementes das três espécies de SolanumFLWDGDV

MATERIAL E MÉTODOS

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2 WDPDQKR GDV VHPHQWHV IRL PHQVXUDGR XWLOL]DQGRVH UHSHWLo}HV GH VHPHQWHV SDUD FDGD XPD GDV HVSpFLHV HVWXGDGDVIRUDPIHLWDVPHGLo}HVGRFRPSULPHQWRGDODUJXUDH GDHVSHVVXUDGDVVHPHQWHV3DUDSolanum granuloso-leprosum FXMDVVHPHQWHVVmRPXLWRSHTXHQDVDVPHGLo}HVIRUDPIHLWDV DWUDYpVGHJUDWtFXODFRPHVFDODPLFURPpWULFDDFRSODGDDRFXODU GRHVWHUHRPLFURVFySLR3DUDS. lycocarpum e S. pseudoquina FXMDV VHPHQWHV VmR PDLRUHV DV PHGLo}HV IRUDP IHLWDV FRP SDTXtPHWURHOHWU{QLFR)RLHODERUDGRRJUi¿FRGHGLVWULEXLomR GD IUHTrQFLD GDV PpGLDV WRPDGDV HP FDGD VHPHQWH SRU FDWHJRULDGHFRPSULPHQWRODUJXUDHHVSHVVXUD

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RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO

Morfologia dos frutos. Os frutos das espécies estudadas de

SolanumVmRLQGHLVFHQWHVFDUQRVRVGRWLSREDJDJORERVRV

HSROLVSpUPLFRV%DUURVRHWDOVHUHIHUHPDRVIUXWRV das espécies de SolanumFRPREDFyLGHVGRWLSRVRODQtGLRV 2VIUXWRVVmRFRQVWLWXtGRVSRUGRLVRXPDLVOyFXORVFRPD FDYLGDGHFHQWUDOUHSOHWDGHSROSDFDUQRVD)RUDPREVHUYDGRV FiOLFHV JDPRVVpSDORV FRP FLQFR ORERV QD H[WUHPLGDGH SHUVLVWHQWHVQRVIUXWRVPDGXURV

S. granuloso-leprosum DSUHVHQWD IUXWRV FRP D

FP GH GLkPHWUR FRP HSLFDUSR YHUGH PHVPR TXDQGR PDGXURHWRPHQWRVR0HVRFDUSRHHQGRFDUSRVmRFRQVWLWXtGRV SRUSROSDEUDQFRDPDUHOD)LJXUDV$D&

Os frutos de S. lycocarpum)LJXUDV'D)DSUHVHQWDP GHFPGHGLkPHWURFRPHQGRFDUSRYHUGHPHVPRDSyV RDPDGXUHFLPHQWRWRPHQWRVRHFRPSHTXHQRVSHORVTXHVH GHVSUHQGHP TXDQGR WRFDGRV 0HVRHQGRFDUSR FRQVWLWXtGR

A B C

D E F

G H I

FIGURA 1. Frutos de Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal: vista lateral (A e C ) e vista superior (B); S. lycocarpum

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SRU SROSD VXFXOHQWD DPDUHODGD H DURPiWLFD &RQFUHVFLGR QR IUXWR GHVVD HVSpFLH YHUL¿FDVH SDUWH GR FiOLFH RQGH VH ORFDOL]DPHVSLQKRV

Frutos de S. pseudoquina)LJXUDV*D,DSUHVHQWDP DFPGHGLkPHWURFRPHQGRFDUSRVHPSUHYHUGHH JODEUR0HVRHQGRFDUSRFRQVWLWXtGRGHSROSDGHFRORUDomR FUHPH

Morfologia das sementes. $V VHPHQWHV GDV HVSpFLHV

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$VVHPHQWHVGHS. granuloso-leprosumVmRDVPHQRUHVH PDLVOHYHVDVGHS. lycocarpum as maiores e mais pesadas e as de S. pseudoquinaVmRGHGLPHQV}HVHSHVRLQWHUPHGLiULRV 7DEHOD

1D)LJXUDYHUL¿FDVHTXHPDLVGHGDVVHPHQWHV

deS. granuloso-leprosumDSUHVHQWDUDPGHDPPGH

FRPSULPHQWRHTXHFHUFDGHGDVVHPHQWHVDSUHVHQWDP HVSHVVXUDHQWUHDPPVHQGRTXHGHODVPHGLUDP PP$PDLRUYDULDomRIRLFRQVWDWDGDSDUDDODUJXUDGDV VHPHQWHVRQGHGHODVPHGLUDPHQWUHDPP

3DUDS. lycocarpum)LJXUDDPDLRULDGDVVHPHQWHV

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Em S. pseudoquina DV VHPHQWHV PHGLUDP FHUFD

GH PP GH FRPSULPHQWR PP GH ODUJXUD H D PDLRULD PHGLUDP GH ±PP GH HVSHVVXUD )LJXUD 2V UHVXOWDGRV REWLGRV PRVWUDP TXH KRXYH XPD JUDQGH YDULDomRQRWDPDQKRGDVVHPHQWHVHVWXGDGDV

Sementes de S. granuloso-leprosum DSUHVHQWDYDPVH FRPVXSHUItFLHGRWHJXPHQWROHYHPHQWHEULOKDQWHJHUDOPHQWH GHFRORUDomRDPDUHOD)LJXUD$TXDQGRYLiYHLVHPDUURP TXDQGRGHWHULRUDGDV6HPHQWHVGHS. lycocarpum apresentam FRORUDomR FLQ]D TXDQGR VHFDV H PDUURP TXDQGR PROKDGDV

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1,75 1,85 1,95 2,05 2,15 2,25 2,35 2,45 2,55 2,65

Comprimento da semente (mm)

Número de sementes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1,55 1,65 1,75 1,85 1,95 2,05 2,15 2,25 2,35 2,45

Largura da sementes (mm)

Número de sementes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

0,475 0,525 0,575 0,625 0,675 0,725 0,775 0,825 0,875 0,925

Espessura da semente (mm)

Número de sementes

A

B

C

FIGURA 2. Freqüência de sementes de Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal por categoria de comprimento (A), largura (B) e espessura (C).

TABELA 1. Médias de comprimento, largura e espessura de sementes de Solanum

granuloso-leprosum

,

S. lycocarpum

e

S. pseudoquina

.

Espécie Comprimento (mm) Largura (mm) Espessura (mm)

S. granuloso-leprosum 2,25 1,92 0,73

S. lycocarpum 7,04 5,33 1,71

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7RSRJUD¿D H PRUIRORJLD H[WHUQD GDV VHPHQWHV $V VHPHQWHVHVWXGDGDVVmRHVWHQRVSpUPLFDVHQmRDSUHVHQWDP DULOR2KLORORFDOL]DVHHPSRVLomRPHGLDQRPDUJLQDOHP XPD GHSUHVVmR VHQGR GD PHVPD FRORUDomR GR WHJXPHQWR )LJXUDV % % H % $ PLFUySLOD p DUUHGRQGDGD H JHUDOPHQWHLQYLVtYHOjROKRQX

)LJXUD$6HPHQWHVGHS. pseudoquinaDSUHVHQWDPFRORUDomR DPDUHORHVYHUGHDGDOHYHPHQWHEULOKDQWH)LJXUD$TXDQGR YLiYHLVPDUURPTXDQGRGHWHULRUDGDVHDPDUHORFODUDTXDQGR FKRFKDV TXDQGR KLGUDWDGDV D WHVWD WRUQDVH WUDQVSDUHQWH SHUPLWLQGRYLVXDOL]DURHPEULmRQRLQWHULRU(VVDYLVXDOL]DomR VypSRVVtYHOHPS. pseudoquinaQDVRXWUDVHVSpFLHVQmR

0 5 10 15 20 25

5,51 6,01 6,51 7,01 7,51 8,01 8,51 9,01 9,51 10,01

Número de sementes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

4,08 4,58 5,08 5,58 6,08 6,58 7,08 7,58

Largura da semente (mm)

Número de sementes

0 5 10 15 20 25

0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5

Número de sementes

A

B

C

FIGURA 3. Freqüência de sementes de Solanum lycocarpum

A.St.-Hil. por categoria de comprimento (A), largura (B) e espessura (C).

0 5 10 15 20 25

2,45 2,55 2,65 2,75 2,85 2,95 3,05 3,15 3,25 3,35 3,45 3,55

Largura de semente (mm)

Número de sementes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0,775 0,825 0,875 0,925 0,975 1,025 1,075 1,125 1,175 1,225 1,275 1,325

Número de sementes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

2,3 2,5 2,7 2,9 3,1 3,3 3,5 3,7 3,9 4,1 4,3 4,5 4,7 4,9

Número de sementes

A

B

C

FIGURA 4. Freqüência de sementes de Solanum

pseudoquina A.St.-Hil. por categoria de

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co

ee

1 mm

h

mi

emb

tg

end h

emb tg

end

A B

C D

FIGURA 5. Sementes de Solanum granuloso-leprosum'XQDO$±YLVWDH[WHUQD%±YLVWDIURQWDOGDUHJLmRGRKLOR&

– corte longitudinal com esquema; D – corte transversal com esquema. Legenda:K±KLORPL±PLFUySLOD

WJ±WHJXPHQWRHQG±HQGRVSHUPDHPE±HPEULmRFR±FRWLOpGRQHVHH±HL[RHPEULRQiULR

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co

ee

co

ee

1 mm

h

mi

emb

tg end

h

A B

1 mm 1 mm

1 mm

emb

tg end

C D

E

1 mm

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±PLFUySLODWJ±WHJXPHQWRHQG±HQGRVSHUPDHPE±HPEULmRFR±FRWLOpGRQHVHH±HL[RHPEULRQiULR

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GHPDLVHVSpFLHV$PDUFDODWHUDOQRWHJXPHQWRGDVHPHQWHGH

S. pseudoquinapFDXVDGDSURYDYHOPHQWHSRUXPDTXHEUDQD

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$VVHPHQWHVHVWXGDGDVVmRDOEXPLQRVDVFRPHQGRVSHUPD DEXQGDQWHSHULIpULFRFDUQRVR¿UPHVHPLWUDQVSDUHQWHHGH FRORUDomRHVEUDQTXLoDGD)LJXUDV&H'&H'&H '$H%

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