ɋɌɈɊȱɇɄɂ ȱɋɌɈɊȱȲ
143
15/
Ɍɨɦ
XX / 1
ɍȾɄ 614. 2 ɉɂɊɈȽɈȼ Ɇ.ȱ.
Ʌ
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ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ
,
ɘ
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Ⱥ
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Ʉɨɪɹɝɿɧ
Ɇ.
Ɂɇ
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ɇȺ
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ȱ.
ȱ
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ɑ
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Ⱥɍ
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ȾɁ «Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤɚ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɚ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿɹ ɆɈɁ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ»
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɢ,ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ’ɹ
ɜɭɥ.Ⱦɡɟɪɠɢɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ, 9, Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤ, 49044, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ
ɄɁ «Ɉɛɥɚɫɧɢɣ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ’ɹ»
ɩɪ.Ʉɿɪɨɜɚ, 14, Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤ, 49000, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ
SE "Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine" Dzerzhinsky str., 9, Dnepropetrovsk, 49044, Ukraine
Health Centre of Dnepropetrovsk region Kirova Str., 14, Dnepropetrovsk, 49000 Ukraine e-mail: lusiema@rambler.ru
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ:Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ,ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɿɹ,ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ’ɹ,ɩɪɨɮɿɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ,ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
Key words: N.I. Pirogov, administration, Public Health Organization, prophylaxis, statistics
Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɇ.ɂ. ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ Ʌ.ɋ.,Ʉɨɪɹɝɢɧ ɘ.Ⱥ.ɗɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɨ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱɟ ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɟ – ɯɢɪɭɪɝɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɟ,ɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ
ɭɱɟɧɨɦ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɢ. Ɉɧ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɢɥ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɸ ɢ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ,ɨɧ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ (ɪɚɧɟɧɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ). ɇ.ɂ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ,ɱɬɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɹɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɪɭɠɢɟɦ,ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ.Ɉɧ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɥ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ
ɫɟɫɬɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɪɚɧɟɧɵɦ, ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɬɪɭɞ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɬɪɭɞɵ ɇ.ɂ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɚ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɥ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.
Abstract. Significance of Pirogov`s scientific ideas for modern organization of Public Health. Semenova L.S., Koryagin U.A. This article is about Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, a surgeon and anatomist, prominent scientist and educator, founder of field surgery. He was the first to learn field surgery and military administration in practice. He was the first to use famous triage (the wounded were sorted according to the severity of injuries). N.I.Pirogov considered that well organized triage at dressing stations and temporary military hospitals is the main tool to provide proper care and to prevent harmful consequences. He organized training of medical nurses to help the wounded. He also published the work on the problems of pedagogy in which he proposed reforms of education system. The authors of the article have analyzed N.I.Pirogov`s works and showed their significance for modern social medicine and organization of Public Health.
ɍ 2015 ɪɨɰɿ ɜɢɩɨɜɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ 205 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɞɧɹ
ɧɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɫɟɫɜɿɬɧɶɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɝɨ ɜɱɟɧɨɝɨ-ɚɧɚ
-ɬɨɦɚ, ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚ ɜɨɽɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɶɨɜɨʀ ɯɿɪɭɪɝɿʀ Ɇɢ
-ɤɨɥɢ ȱɜɚɧɨɜɢɱɚ ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɚ. Ʉɥɚɫɢɱɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ
Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɚ ɞɨɫɿ ɰɿɤɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɥɿɤɚɪɿɜ
ɫɜɨʀɦ ɛɚɝɚɬɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɭɦɨɤ,ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ ɮɨɪɦ
ɯɜɨɪɨɛ ɬɚ ɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɢɦ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦ.
ɍ ɪɨɛɨɬɚɯ Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɨ ɜɤɚ
-ɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨʀ
ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢ, ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɟɩɿɞɟɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɡɚ
-ɯɨɞɿɜ, ɭɫɩɿɯ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɞɪɿɜ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɩɪɹɦɿɣ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ. ɍ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ɱɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɬɜɨɪɿ ɜɱɟ
-ɧɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɜ: «ə ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧ ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢ
-ɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɯɢ
-ɪɭɪɝɢɹ ɢ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ» [1].
ȼɢɞɚɬɧɢɣ ɤɥɿɧɿɰɢɫɬ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸɜɚɜ, ɳɨ ɧɿɹɤɿ, ɧɚ
-ɜɿɬɶ ɧɚɣɜɩɪɚɜɧɿɲɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɣ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɥɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɧɟ ɞɚɸɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɨɪɚɧɟ
-ɧɢɦ ɿ ɯɜɨɪɢɦ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɚ ɛɭɞɟ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɬɢɫɶ ɧɟɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨ. «Ɉɬ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɧɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɞɢ
-ɰɢɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟɦ ɪɚɧɟɧɵɦ ɛɟɡ
ɢɡɶɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ, ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɬɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ» [1]. Ɋɨɡ
-ɜɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɰɿ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ, ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɯɿɪɭɪɝ ɮɨɪɦɭɽ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ ɜɿɣɫɶ
-ɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɿɤɚɪɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜ’ɹɡɨɱɧɢɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ: «ɇɟ
ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɬɱɚɫ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɤɟ ɪɚɧɟɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ, ɧɟ ɬɟɪɹɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ, ɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ – ɧɟ ɞɨ
-ɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɛɟɫɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ, ɧɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɶ
ɬɨɥɩɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɦ, ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɋɌɈɊȱɇɄɂ ȱɋɌɈɊȱȲ
ɆȿȾɂɑɇȱ ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɂ
144
ȼɟɥɢɤɨɸ ɡɚɫɥɭɝɨɸ Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢ
-ɪɨɝɨɜɚ ɽ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɬɚ ɜɩɪɨ
-ɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɬɭ
-ɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɯ: «ə ɩɪɟɞ
-ɥɨɠɢɥ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɪɚɱɚɦ ɢ ɮɟɥɶɞɲɟɪɚɦ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ
ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɹɡɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ, ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟ
-ɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɧɟɧɢɯ ɬɚɤ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɪɭɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɳɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɬɥɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɬɨɬɱɚɫ ɨɬ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɧɟ
-ɧɵɯ» [1].
ɋɟɪɟɞ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɞɜɚɞɰɹɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨ-ɩɨɥɶɨɜɨʀ
ɯɿɪɭɪɝɿʀ, ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɯ
Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɢɦ, ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ
-ɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ,
ɫɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɯ ɭɜɿɣɲɥɨ ɜ ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤ ɡ ɯɿ
-ɪɭɪɝɿʀ ɜɫɶɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɬɚ ɡɚɣ
-ɦɚɽ ɨɞɧɟ ɡ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɶ: «ɋɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɬɟɦ ɢ ɜɚɠɧɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠ
-ɞɟɧɢɸ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɧɟɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɦɟɫɬɟ» [4].
ɋɩɪɚɜɠɧɿɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɿ ɜɱɟɧɢɣ ɛɚɱɢɜ ɭ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ʀʀ ɩɪɨɮɿɥɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭ. Ɉɡ
-ɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ, ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɚ ɡ
ɪɚɧɧɿɦɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɣ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɿ ɝɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ: «…ɹ ɜɟɪɸ
ɜ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɭ. ȼɨɬ ɝɞɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨ
-ɝɪɟɫɫ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ. Ȼɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ.ɗɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɚ,ɢɞɹ ɪɭ
-ɤɚ ɨɛ ɪɭɤɭ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɸ, ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɟ
-ɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɭ» [4].
Ɋɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɬɢɦ Ɇ.ȱ. ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɜ ɡɚ
-ɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɶ ɿ ɡɚɯɜɨ
-ɪɸɜɚɧɶ ɜɿɞ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɥɿɤɚɪɹ, ɣɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɿ
ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ, ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɸ ɬɟɯɧɿɤɨɸ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɲɜɢɞɲɨɝɨ ɨɞɭɠɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɯ, ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ʀɯ
ɞɨ ɛɨɣɨɜɢɯ ɞɿɣ Ɇɢɤɨɥɚ ȱɜɚɧɨɜɢɱ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɜ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɩɿɬɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɡɚ ɯɜɨɪɢɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɜɿɧ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɫɬɚɜ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫ
-ɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɭ ɰɢɜɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ,ɚ ɫɚɦɟ
ɫɟɫɬɟɪ ɦɢɥɨɫɟɪɞɹ: «Ɉɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɫɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟ
-ɜɹɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɠɧɵ ɢ ɜɚɠɧɵ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ,
ɢ ɜ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ…» [4].
Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɡ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɤɥɿɧɿɰɢɫɬɿɜ ɫɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɤɨɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɪɨɡɭɦɿɜ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɰɿ
ɯɿɪɭɪɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɣ ɨɰɿɧɰɿ ʀʀ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ.
ȼɱɟɧɢɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ.
ȼɿɧ ɧɟ ɪɚɡ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɜ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɜɱɟɧɢɯ ɿ ɥɿɤɚɪɿɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɨʀ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɡɚ
-ɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɜ ɰɟɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ,
ɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɱɢ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɨ-ɩɨɥɶɨɜɿɣ ɯɿ
-ɪɭɪɝɿʀ.
ȼɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɜ,
ɳɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɫ
-ɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɶ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ʀɯ ɝɪɭɩɭ
-ɜɚɧɧɹ: «…ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ –
ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ,
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ,
ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɝɪɭɩ
-ɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ» [3]. Ɋɨɡɭɦɿɸɱɢ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɿ,
Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɜɚɜ ɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ
ɥɿɤɚɪɿɜ-ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɿɜ: «ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɯɨɬɢɦ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶ
-ɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ…» [2]. ɉɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɜɫɶɨɝɨ ɠɢɬɬɹ
Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚɜ ɡɭɫɢɥɥɹ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨɛ
ɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ, ɤɨɬɪɿ ɫɭɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɪɢɹɥɢ ɛ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɸ
ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɬɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ. Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɩɨɤɪɚɳɚɧɧɹ
ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɜɢɯɨɜɧɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɦɨɥɨɞɿ Ɇɢɤɨɥɚ ȱɜɚɧɨɜɢɱ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɜɚɜ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨ
-ɩɚɝɚɧɞɭ ɡɧɚɧɶ, ɧɚɞɚɸɱɢ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ
ɦɚɣɫɬɟɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ: «Ⱦɚɪ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɱɚ
-ɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ» [5].
ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɿɞɟʀ Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɯ, ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ
ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɹɠɤɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɽ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ. ȼɨɧɢ
ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɯ ɪɢɫ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɟɬɚɩɧɨɝɨ ɥɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɟɜɚɤɭɚɰɿɽɸ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚ
-ɱɟɧɧɹɦ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɣɨɝɨ ɞɭɦɤɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ
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1.ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ ɱɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɤɟ
-ɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ
ɩɚɰɿɽɧɬ ɜɫɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɽ ɭ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɫɿɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɥɿɤɚɪɹ ɱɢ ɡɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ
ɚɦɛɭɥɚɬɨɪɧɨʀ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɱɢ ɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɨʀ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɤɚɪɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɧ
-ɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɽ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɜɢɛɢɪɚɽ
ɦɿɫɰɟ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢ.
2.ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɚɰɿʀ ɥɿɤɚɪɟɧɶ, ɜɢɯɨɞɹɱɢ
ɡ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɨɫ
-ɩɿɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɿɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɿɞɟʀ Ɇ.ȱ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɚ
ɳɨɞɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢ ɿ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ.
ɋ
ɋɉ
ɉ
ɂɋ
ɂ
ɋɈ
ɈɄ
Ʉ
Ʌȱ
Ʌ
ȱɌ
Ɍȿ
ȿɊ
ɊȺ
ȺɌ
Ɍɍ
ɍɊ
Ɋɂ
ɂ
1. ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɇ.ɂ.ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɯɢ -ɪɭɪɝɢɢ / ɇ.ɂ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ. – ɑ. 1.– Ʌ.: Ɇɟɞɝɢɡ, 1941. – 338 ɫ.
2. ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɇ.ɂ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɢ / ɇ.ɂ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ.–ɑ. 2.–Ʌ.: Ɇɟɞɝɢɡ, 1941.– 572 ɫ. 3. ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɇ.ɂ.Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɨ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɭ /ɇ.ɂ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ. – Ɇ.:Ƚɨɫ.ɢɡɞɚɬ., 1952. – 358 ɫ.
4. ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɇ.ɂ. ɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɢ ɜɨɫ -ɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ / ɇ.ɂ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ, 1950. – 650 ɫ.
5. ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ ɇ.ɂ. ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ / ɇ.ɂ. ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜ. – Ɍ. 2. – Ʉ.1: ɂɡɞ.ɉɢɪɨɝɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬ-ɜɚ, 1910.– 682 ɫ.
R
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E
E
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1. Pirogov NY. [Foundations of General Military Field Surgery]. P.1. L.: Medgiz, 1941;338. Russian.
2. Pirogov NY. [Foundations of General Military Field Surgery]. P.2. L.: Medgiz, 1941;572. Russian.
3. Pirogov NY. [Report about Caucasus journey]. M. Gos. Izd., 1952;358. Russian.
4. Pirogov NY. [Sevastopol letters and tales]. M.: Izd. AN USSR, 1950;650. Russian.
5. Pirɨgov NY. [Composition]. P. 2. K.: Izd. Piro-gov`s society, 1910;682. Russian.
