PREPARING THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW PRODUCT IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES BY USING THE METHOD OF PROJECTS MANAGEMENT

Management Systems

in

Production Engineering

-A stra t:

Ei ie t a d efe i e p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu ts is i po ta t e ui e e t fo a fu io i g a d de el-op e t of s all a d ediu -sized e te p ises. O e of the ethods, hi h suppo t the fulil e t of this o diio is p oje t a age e t. This pu li aio p ese ts the esults of o side aio s, hi h a e ai ed at de elopi g a p oje t a age e t odel of p epa aio the p odu io of a e p odu t, adopted to spe ii ity of s all a d ediu -sized e te p ises.

PREPARING THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW PRODUCT IN SMALL

AND MEDIUM

-

SIZED ENTERPRISES BY USING THE METHOD

OF PROJECTS MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

Cu e tl , a o g the i po ta t sou es of g o th a d o peii e ad a tage of s all a d ediu -sized e te p ises “MEs sta ds out thei i o ai e a i it a d atai -e t th ough it p op-e p-e fo a -e of usi -ess. “u h a ie is p ese ted autho s of a a i les [ , , , ]. O the othe ha d, the esults f o the epo ts a out the state of s all a d ediu -sized e te p ises, hi h a e pu lished Polish Age fo E te p ises De elop e t sho s, that i e e t ea s the i o ai e a i it of “MEs is ai l fo used o p odu ts a d p o ess i o aio s. I the i st ase i po ta t is to lau h e p odu t o the a ket, hose o st u io a d te h ologi al featu es a e sig ii a t dife e t agai st the p e ious p odu t. I the se o d ase – it is i po ta t to i t odu e e o i p o ed ethods fo i p o i g the efe i e ess a d ei ie of the p o esses i ple e ted i “MEs. A o g these p o es-ses, it is i po ta t to e phasize the ole of p epa aio the p odu io of a e p odu t, hi h is the a ea of the atle fo a p odu t , hi h dete i es its futu e fate [ , ]. It follo s that the “MEs, hi h a t to su eed ust pa g eat ate io to the ei ie a d efe i e ess of p epa aio the p odu io of a e p odu t. Efe i

e-ess should e asse-essed i elaio to the usto e ’s e pe taio , hi h a e usuall li ked to the fulil e t the p odu t spe ii ualit a d te h i al e ui e e ts, as ell as the p epa aio of its p odu io i app o ed a d possi le sho test i e. I tu , the efe i e ess should e assessed i elaio to the usto e ’s a d e t ep e eu ’s e pe taio . The efe i e ess fo the usto e ea that the app o ed udget a ’t e o e spe d, a d fo the e t

e-p e eu s – ost-efe i e ess of spe di g i a ial esou -es fo the p epa aio the p odu io of p odu t, its p o-du io a d possi le eli i aio of this p oo-du io , hi h is esi ate p ope ite ia fo e aluaio of e o o i ei ie [ ].

Fo usi g p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t o the efe i e ess a d ei ie auses, that fo its suppo t, the ethods o ie ted o i e, ualit , osts, e o o i ei ie a d isk, should e use. O e of the is p oje t a age e t. This ethod, f o the egi i g as o i-ed ith de elop e t of e p odu ts, a d the dei iio s of p oje t a age e t ote sa s, that it is u de take i o de to p odu e e , u i ue p odu t [ , ]. Ho e e it should e oted that i the lite atu e a e fou d a lot a out p oje t a age e t, ut o e of the o e s the p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t, a d o l a fe of the efe s to the de elop e t of p odu ts [ ].

Mo-eo e , p ese ted i lite atu es o side aio s appl to la ge-sized e te p ises, hi h ha e dife e t spe ii it ualit ha a te isi s tha “MEs, a d it has i pa t fo p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t [ ].

The o je i e of this a i le is to i di ate possi ilit of the use of p oje t a age e t i the p epa aio the p o-du io of e p oo-du t i “MEs, to suppo t its efe i e-ess a d ei ie . Mai l , the odel of p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t i “MEs, hi h is ased o the app oa h used i p oje t a age e t, as p ese ted. To de elop the , it as e essa to ake esea h i te s of p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t a d the o -diio s of the use of p oje t a age e t ethod i “MEs.

Jola ta BIJAŃSKA, Krzysztof WODARSKI Silesia U i ersity of Te h ology

Ja usz WÓJCIK Fa ryka Drutu Gli i e Sp. z o.o.

Key words: prepari g the produ io of e produ t, proje ts a age e t, s all a d ediu e terprises

DOI . /M“PE- -

THE PROCESS OF PREPARATION THE PRODUCTION OF

NEW PRODUCT IN A SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED

ENTER-PRISE

The e isi g lite atu e, e.g. [ , , ] p ese ts the o si-de aio s ega di g p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t i la ge e te p ises, ho e e la ks a efe e e to the “ME se to . It is easo a le to say, that fo the p o ess of p epa aio the p odu io , espe ially fo its s ope a d pa i ipa ts, the uality ha a te isi elated to the size of e te p ise is i po ta t [ ].

To dete i e the s ope a d pa i ipa ts, ho a e e-spo si le fo p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t i “MEs o du ted the study, hi h i ol ed p o essi g i du-st ial e te p ises, hi h a e i “ilesia egio . Taki g i to a ou t e ui e e ts of size of this a i le, o ly sele ted esults e e p ese ted, hi h e e i po ta t fo de e-lop e t of a p oje t a age e t odel of p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t i “MEs.

The asis fo the study as the su ey, hi h o e ed the a i iies s ope a d pa i ipa ts of the p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t. It as assu ed i this su ey, that the p epa aio the p odu io i ludes i iial a d p ope phase, hi h a e di e se i te s of a io s a d pa i ipa ts [ ]. It as assu ed, that the s ope of the i iial phase of p epa aio the p odu io i ludes a io s, hi h a e asso iated ith the esea h o k o the e o st u io a d te h ology o epts. I the p ope phase of p epa aio the p odu io took i to a ou t the oppo tu ity of i ple e taio of a io s, hi h elates to st u tu al a d te h ology de elop e t of do u e ta-io , p epa ata-io of p odu t p ototype, its test p odu ta-io

u a d egula p odu io . It as also assu ed, that i the e e uio , o t ol a d app o al of the esults of highligh-ted stages ay e i ol ed people a d o ga izaio al u its. I the su ey it as possi le to ide ify y the e-spo de ts, othe a io s a d pa i ipa ts.

The su ey as se t to “ilesia “MEs. I the esults i luded a s e s f o p ope illed i su eys, f o hi h as ill i y s all-size e te p ises, a d f o

ediu -sized e te p ises. The adopted the size of the

staisi al sa ple as ep ese ted ith the assu

p-io : the size of the studied populap-io of “MEs , the o ide e le el ,9 , the esi ated size of f a io

, , the a i u e o , .

“ele ted y the espo de ts a s e s e e ha a te i-zed y a high deg ee of o plia e. They sho the p epa-aio the p odu io of a e p odu t i s all a d e-diu -sized e te p ises dife i the u e of a io s, as

ell as the u e of pa i ipa ts.

I s all-sized e te p ises, espo de ts poi ted out i

total a io s of i iial a d p ope phase of o st u io a d te h ologi al p epa aio . I i iial phase a e: o k out the o ept of e p odu t, study of li e se pu hase, a d o de to p epa e the p odu t i li e ith usto e e ui

e-e ts i di ate-ed y e-espo de-e ts . I tu , i p ope-e phase-e a e: desig of te h ologi al p o ess, de elop the te h i al a d e o o i al assu pio T&EA , p e-p odu io , he k

of p e-p odu io , o issio i g of p e-p odu io , sta t

-up of ass p odu io , desig a d te h ologi al s-upe i-si g o sta t-up of ass p odu io , e d o issio i g. I

these a io s a e i ol ed: o e , desig e , te h ologist, p odu io depa t e t, a d usto e .

I ediu -sized e te p ises, espo de ts poi ted out

a io s. I i iial phase a e: o k out the o ept of e

p odu t, study of li e se pu hase, o de to p epa e the p odu t i li e ith usto e e ui e e ts o i li e ith o e ’s idea of this p odu t i di ated y espo de ts . I p ope phase a e: de elop the T&EA desig of te h ologi al p o ess, p ototype, test of p ototype, o issio i g the p ototype, p e-p odu io , test of p e-p odu io , o

is-sio i g of p e-p odu io , sta t-up of ass p odu io ,

desig a d te h ologi al supe isi g o sta t-up of ass

p odu io , a d e d o issio i g. I these a io s a e i ol ed: o e , o pa y a age e t, hief desig e , desig depa t e t, hief te h ologist, te h ology depa

t-e t, p odu io dt-epa t t-e t, a d usto t-e .

Based o o tai ed esults of these study, assu ed the ay of p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t i “MEs [ ], ith stages: de elop the o ept of e p odu t, de elop desig a d te h ology do u e taio , p epa a-io of desig a d te h ologi al p ototype a ely p epa ed i s all-sized e te p ises , desig a d te h ologi al p

epa-aio of p e-p odu io , a d desig a d te h ologi al p

e-pa aio of ass p odu io .

CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

METHODS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES

To sho the o diio s of use the p oje t a age e t ethod fo the p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t i “MEs, i te ie s a d o se aio s i 9 “MEs e e do e. These e te p ises, du i g these i te ie s poi t de

la-ed to use the p oje t a age e t ethod fo the p epa-aio the p odu io of e p odu t a d ag eed to pa i i-pate i fu the a alysis.

The i te ie s e e ased o a uesio ai e ith a lo e deg ee of sta da dizaio , hi h as de eloped taki g i to a ou t the o side aio s, hi h e e

pu-lished i the lite atu e [ ]. The uesio ai e i luded uesio s, hi h o side the o diio s of use p oje t a age e t ethods i the p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t, hi h p ese ted i a eas of p oje t a a-ge e t:

. Method a d tools,

. Hu a esou es,

. Desig e i o e t,

. P oje t k o ledge a age e t.

The pu li aio p ese ts o ly the esults, hi h a e i po ta t fo de elop e t of the p oje t a age e t

ethod of p odu io p epa aio .

A o di g to the espo de ts, the o diio s of use of p oje t a age e t ethod i “MEs:

. I the a ea of ethod a d tools is:

 ased o the hose p oje t a age e t

ethodo-logy – p efe a le PRINCE espo de ts i di ated, that it ould e useful to de elop a odel of p

epa-aio the p odu io of e p odu t, hi h is tailoed to spe ify of “MEs, a d astailoed o PRINCE sta -da ds, e ause of the e ployees k o ledge i this a ea ,

 usage of do u e taio a d ethods fo dete i-i g the usi-i ess ase of the p oje t, i-i e, ost a d isk a age e t,

 taki g i to a ou t usto e eeds, fo the fo a-io of good elaa-io s a d o u i aio i the ua-lity a ea e ui e e ts,

Ma age e t “yste s i P odu io E gi ee i g / J. BIJAŃ“KA, K. WODAR“KI, J. WÓJCIK - p epa i g the p odu io of a e p odu t i s all a d ediu -sized e te p ises y...

. I the a ea of hu a esou es a e:

 dete i e the lo of i fo aio a d do u e ts et ee the p oje t pa i ipa ts, i ludi g the

o-e ts of do-e isio - aki g, i o de of p ope o

u-i au-io s a d olla o au-io et ee p oje t pa u-i u- i-pa ts a d the usto e ,

 sepa aio of oles a d tasks fo p oje t pa i ipa ts. . I the a ea of p oje t e i o e t a e:

 stakeholde a age e t, e.g. supplie s, su o t a -to .

. I the a ea of k o ledge a age e t a e:

 a hi i g do u e ts, i.e. the k o ledge a out o -pleted p oje t, fo its use i futu e p oje ts.

MODELS OF PREPARATION THE PRODUCTION OF NEW

PRODUCT IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES,

WITH THE USE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODS

Due to dife e es i the ay of p epa aio the p o-du io poi t , a sepa ate odel fo a s all a d fo e-diu -sized e te p ise as de eloped Figu e a d .

The ai goal of de eloped these odels is i di aio of the ay of p o eed i p epa aio the p odu io i e p odu t, ta geted to eet the spe ii e ui e e ts of efe i e ess a d ei ie y, y adopi g a app oa h, hi h is used i p oje t a age e t, pa i ula ly i the PRINCE [ , ]. The esse e of this app oa h is:

 adopio a u ifo dist i uio of the i ple e ta-io of p epa i g the p odu ta-io of e p odu t, to the stages of p oje t a age e t,

 sepa aio a d dei e the tasks fo the people hi h takes pa t i these stages, taki g i to a ou t thei k o ledge, skills a d e pe ie e,

 spe ify the ay of oi ai g pa i ipa ts to e gage-e t i p gage-epa aio thgage-e p odu io ,

 i di aio , fo the dife e t stages of p oje t a age-e t, ay of o ki g, tage-e h i uage-es a d do u age-e ts, hi h usage afe ts the edu io of losses of udget, i e s hedule, a d dete io aio i usi ess ela-io ship ith usto e s a d stakeholde s, as ell as i ease i p oits, as a esults of the p ope use of

esou es.

The idea of the PRINCE ethodology is ased o stages of p oje t a age e t: “tage efo e p oje t”, “tage of p oje t sta t”, “tage of ealizaio ”, Last stage of ealizaio ”. Fo ea h the e a e p o esses:

. P epa aio of p oje t, . “t ategi p oje t a age e t, . P oje t i iiai g,

. Co t ol of stages, . E d stage a age e t, . P odu t deli e y a age e t, . P oje t losu e.

I de eloped odels, poi ted out phases poi t , sta-ges a d a io s of p epa aio the p odu io , stasta-ges of p oje t a age e t e e i di ated. Fo ea h stage, ide i-ied tasks fo pa i ipa ts of p epa aio the p odu io ,

hi h ealizaio li ked ith o us syste . Mo eo e , ay of o ki g, te h i ue a d ost i po ta t do u e ts e e sho . It as assu ed, that the sta t of e t stage ust e p e eded y a de isio of app o i g the esults. This ill allo to g adual o t ol of spe ii e ui e e ts of ei ie

-y a d efe i e ess, a d as the o se ue e its e a le to ui k dete io of i egula iies a d i i ize the isk of

p odu i g the p odu t hi h is ot i usto e e ui e-e ts, a d i e-ei ie-e t spe-e di g of i a ial e-esou e-es.

I odels assu ed, that the phase of p e-p odu io ,

stage . – dei e o ept of e p odu t, is a “tage efo e p oje t”, a d the task, hi h a e ealized he e, a e i s ope of p epa aio p o ess of the p oje t. The p o ess sta ts he usto e ake o de fo p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t, o sta t the study o the pu hase of li e -se, o su it the idea fo a e p odu t y the o e . The , ased o the esults of the p eli i a y a alysis of the te h i al feasi ility a d e o o i ia ility of p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t, the task fo desig e s is to de elop the o ept of e p odu t, the des ipio of hi h should e p epa ed as the do u e t Assu pio fo the p oje t of p epa i g the p odu io of a e p odu t”. This do u e t is a p eli i a y of usi ess ase. I -fo aio s o tai ed the ei a e the asis -fo the de isio to sta t the p oje t a d p epa aio of P oje t i iiaio do u e t”, hi h appoi t the a age , p oje t tea e.g. desig e , te h ologies, p odu io o ke , a d dei e thei tasks.

Phase of p ope p epa aio of p odu io , stage – de elop e t of desig a d te h ologi al do u e taio , is a “tage of p oje t i iiate”. At this stage p oje t a age , ased o „P oje t i iiaio do u e t ” a d „P oje t as-su pio s”, should de eloped „Pla of stage of p oje t i iiaio ”. It is a asis to a age the stage of p oje t i iia-io , hi h i ludes the allo aiia-io of tasks i te s of T&EA de elop e t, a d desig of te h ologi al p o ess, a d also o ito i g the pe fo a e of assig ed tasks a d to help ith sol i g the p o le s.

The stage of i iiaio is i ishi g the a age e t p o-ess of i al stage, i hi h the p oje t a age olle ts, p epa ed y the p oje t tea , desig a d te h ologi al i fo aio i ludi g te h i al do u e taio of p odu t, fu io al a d st e gth al ulaio s, te h i al o diio s, app o al of uality a d e ploitaio of p odu t, the e es-sa y tests of p e-p odu io , the a alysis of e te p ise’s

p odu io possi ility to p odu e e p odu t, esta lish the p odu io size of e p odu t, the s ope of e essa y i est e t, o ga izaio al ha ges a d uality o t ol. I addiio , as a pa t of this p o ess, the a age should p e-pa e p oje t pla , hi h i lude: ealizaio s hedule, ud-get, pla of isk, o u i aio a d stakeholde s a e t – de eloped y usi g te h i ues of p oje t a age- agee t [ ], a d thagee ageesult of agee aluaio of agee o o i al ageefagee -i e ess of th-is the p oje t [ ]. Colle -i e su a y of de-sig a d te h ologi al i fo aio a d pla of p oje t i T&EA is the asis of thei app o al i the ou se of the st a-tegi a age e t p o ess.

P ese ted a i iies a e ha a te ized y st o g staisi-al o e t aio , hi h is easu a le ith Gi i i de .

“ele io of ethodology ade, ased o i fo aio f o i te ie a d o se aio poi t .

Phase of p ope p epa aio the p odu io , stage – desig a d te h ologi al p epa aio of p ototype o u i ediu -sized e te p ises , as ell as stage – desig a d

te h ologi al p epa aio of ass p odu io , hi h is the “tage of ealizaio ”. Its asis is p o ess of o t ol the phase, hi h i lude the de elop e t of Pla of p epa a-io the p ototype” a d the Pla of p epa aa-io the p e

-p odu io ”, a d o ito i g thei i -ple e taio i the a ea of esea h, e e uio a d p ototype a d p e

Ma age e t “yste s i P odu io E gi ee i g / J. BIJAŃ“KA, K. WODAR“KI, J. WÓJCIK - p epa i g the p odu io of a e p odu t i s all a d ediu -sized e te p ises y...

This p o ess is a ied out y the p oje t a age , ho-se task is also the oope aio ith su o t a to s a d supplie s – espe ially i the p o ess of p odu t deli e y. The e a e t o types of p odu ts.

The i st, the p odu t, hi h should e deli e fo p e-pa i g the p ototype a d p e-p odu io test se ies , e.g.

se i-i ished p odu t, ate ials, tools. The se o d – the

esults of a io s i this stages, e.g. p ototype, p e

-p odu io , o the e-po ts of thei i -ple e taio . Du i g the app o al of the p ototype o p e-p odu io usto e

a e p ese t opio al a d o ly if the p epa aio the p odu io is e ause of usto e o de .

At this stage i po ta t is p o ess of i al stage a age-e t, i hi h p ojage-e t a agage-e dage-e age-elop „Rage-epo t of p oto-type i ple e taio ” a d/o „Repo t of p e-p odu io ”.

Phase of p ope p epa aio the p odu io , stage . – desig a d te h ologi al p epa aio of ass p odu io , is the „Fi al stage of ealizi g”. “i ila to p e ious stage, its asis a e p o esses of stage o t ol a d deli e y of p odu -io hi h a e e essa y fo ass p odu -io , hi h is the i al p odu t of this stage. The app o al of sta t-up of ass

p odu io , usto e a e p ese t if the p epa aio the p odu io is e ause of usto e o de . I po ta t p

o-ess of this stage is i ish of the p oje t, he e the o-esse e is de elop e t of „P epa aio of ass p odu io epo t”. Its app o al allo s to i ish the p oje t.

The esults of p o ess of ea h stage a age e t, i pa i ula )TE, pla s of ea h stage i ple e taio , epo ts of i ishi g ea h stage a d hole p oje t, as ell as est of do u e ts, should e a hi ed fo e e tual usage i

dife-e t p ojdife-e ts.

CONCLUSIONS

P ese ted odels e e used i hose “MEs fo p oje t a age e t of p epa aio the p odu io of e p o-du t. Based o , i ished ith su ess, p oje ts, it a e stated, that usage of these odels:

. I ease the efe i e ess i a hie i g the o je i es of the p oje t of p epa aio the p odu io of e p o-du t, hi h efe to:

 saisfa io of o pa y o e , as a esult of good p oje t u a d e o o i ei ie y of this p oje t, as

ell isk edu io ,

 saisfa io of e ployees, as a esult of p e ise s ope a d i e s hedule of ealizaio the tasks a d its li k

ith o us syste ,

 saisfa io of supplie s a d su o t a to s, as a e-sult of good oope aio ,

 usto e saisfa io , as a esult of fulill e t the uality a d te h i al e ui e e ts, p odu t deli e y i app o ed, possi le sho test i e, a d good o

-u i aio ,

. Allo s to sho te i g i e y half, of p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t, ith espe t to o al i e fo si ila p oje ts.

. Co t i uted to aio al usage of hu a esou es, a-te ials a d i a ial esou es, as a esult of p e ise de-i de-ide-io of eeded people, a hde-i es, ate de-ials a d ud-get.

. Redu e the isk, due to adopio a d e e uio of a -io hi h p e e t its o u e e.

It should e e phasized, that p ese ted odels a e just a p oposiio , although they a e de eloped ased o su eys i the s ope of p epa aio the p odu io of e p odu t i “MEs.

I so e “MEs, the p epa aio the p odu io , ay ot i lude all the spe iied stages o a io s, o ay i

ple-e t thple-e othple-e pple-eoplple-e o o ga izaio al dple-epa t ple-e t tha e e i di ated. Fo e a ple, i s all-sized e te p ises,

so e of pa i ipa ts of p epa i g the p odu io , ay ha e fe fu io s e.g. o e ay e also a desig e at the sa e i e . La k of so e stages a d a io s, o othe posi-io s o o ga izaposi-io al depa t e ts does ’t ea that de eloped odels a e ot useful. It should e a ked that, the ai of this de elop e t, as ot appi g the ost o o , i “MEs, a io s of p epa aio the p odu io , a d the people a d o ga izaio al depa t e ts, espo

si-le fo i psi-le e i g the . The esse e of these odels is the use of the app oa h used i p oje t a age e t, i pa i ula i the PRINCE ethodology, hi h suppo ts the spe ii e ui e e ts of efe i e ess a d ei ie y of p e-pa aio the p odu io . Taki g this i to a ou t, a o g the e o e daio s, hi h o e the use of the o-dels, should e u de li e the eed to adopt the to the spe ii e te p ise, i ludi g its o ga izaio al st u tu e, the spe ii s of the p epa aio the p odu io a d p odu ts, a d as ell the e ployees ualii aio s. It is i po -ta t, to e o e useless soluio s fo the e te p ises, a d to fo us o the oppo tu iies, hi h gi es p oje t a

age-e t age-ethod.

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