Nursing empowerment and job satisfaction: an integrative review according the Structural Theory
10
0
0
Texto
(2) 8YVY8 nossa pesquisa, não ter sido possível localizar estudos conduzidos em Portugal, importa o desenvolvimento desta temática.. Contexto: El poder es un concepto central para el desarrollo profesional y una de las características del proceso de toma de decisiones, junto con el recurso a un único cuerpo de conocimiento. A través del proceso de empoderamiento, el ±nb´8 b´ O88Í Yb qÁ± b b ¼± Ê ´b b O´Yb±8 Á elemento clave en las organizaciones contemporáneas. Objetivos: Estudiar la relación entre el empoderamiento y la satisfacción profesional en un primer análisis, según la teoría estructural. Metodología: Los autores realizaron una revisión integradora de 8¼b±8¼Á±8ÀÎÎp~ÀÎYb8±¼OÁ´b8´F8´b´YbY8¼´ bYb y CINAHL®, de acuerdo con la metodología PICOD. ResultadosU+bYb¼oO8±ÀÀ8±¼OÁ´YbYÇb±´´O¼bɼ´V8 8ʱ8±b8Í8Y´bbO¼b¼b8b±O8¸s Ê8´9¼O ½À ¡ Conclusión: A pesar de esta diversidad, se ha observado una clara relación directamente proporcional entre empoderamiento y satisfacción profesional. Asimismo, es importante destacar la qÁbO8 Yb 8 bY8YV b O¼bɼ Yb Yb´bb ±nb´8V 8 n±8O 8O8YcO8 Ê 8 OÁ8oO8O ±nb´8 b 8 percepción del empoderamiento. Puesto que, en nuestro estudio, no se han podido localizar los estudios llevados a cabo en Portugal, es importante ir más allá de este tema.. Palavras-chave: enfermagem; empoderamento; satisfação no emprego; revisão. C +O¡V Á±´t+ObOb¡* V(±¼´¼8 b¼±bj´¼8n+8¼Ï¼VsÎ~ÎÎV Porto, Portugal [abilio.cardosoteixeira@gmail.com]. Contribution to the article: Bibliographic search, data collection, analysis and discussion, article writing. Address for correspondence: Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo António, Serviço de Cuidados Intensivos 1. 8±t(±n¡ÏFb+88Í8±Vsθ¸~ÎÎ(±¼V(±¼Át8¡ CC(|¡
(3) ¡V Á±´t+ObOb´¡ ±Y8¼t(±nb´´±V(±¼ Á±´t btbVsÀÎÎ~ηÀV(±¼V Portugal [ceu@esenf.pt]. Contribution to the article: Bibliographic search, data collection, analysis and discussion.. Revista de Enfermagem Referência Journal of Nursing Referência. Palabras clave: enfermería; empoderamiento; satisfacción en el trabajo; revisión.. *bObÇbYn±ÁFO8¼U¡ÎÀ¡s ÏOOb¼bYn±ÁFO8¼U¡Î½¡p. Série IV - n.° 6 - jul./aug./sep. 2015. pp.151-158.
(4) Introduction Nursing is currently undergoing structural and ±t8´8¼8 O|8tb´ +b±±8V ´¼8V ? ´¼8V ÀÎV8Y¼|b±b8±b¼|´bÈ|O´Yb± Á±´t8´ the profession with the lowest prestige within the |b8¼|´Ê´¼bb¼O|b±VÀÎη¡8±8bV8Yb ȼ|+b±±8b¼8¡ÀÎV¼|b±Ob´´nO´¼±ÁO¼ n¼|bY´Ob8Y¼´bÇÁ¼n±8nÁO¼8´¼ 8±8O| ¼ 8 ±bqbÉÇb 8±8O| 8ÁO|bY ¼|b debate and led to some fruitful discussions among peers. Thus, the interest emerged to study the phenomenon of Nursing Empowerment, given its 8O¼ ´bÇb±8 Ç8±8Fb´ qÁbOt Á±´tV particular job satisfaction. As in other disciplines, Empowerment plays a Ob¼±8 ±b Á±´t +¼bÈ8±¼V O Á¼ÊV ±noV ? ¼Í8¼±O V ÀÎΡ ,|Á´V Ybot Èb±b¼ might seem an arduous task, as it is a complex ´´Áb qÁbObY FÊ 8Ê n8O¼±´¡ ϼ|Át| ¼|b±b 8±b Áb±Á´ Ybo¼´ n Èb±b¼ ¼|b literature on management, the central idea is related ¼¼|b8O¦Á´¼nÈb±8´8±b´Á¼n¼|bȱ OY¼´ nnb±bY FÊ ¼|b ±t8´8¼ FÊ ¼|b individuals so as to effectively accomplish their work 8´O|tb±VFb±¼V+¼|V? b´bVÀÎΡ There are two theories of Empowerment regarding organisational environment: structural and psychological empowerment. According to Laschinger, bt8V +|88V 8Y 3 ÀÎÎV ´¼±ÁO¼Á±8 empowerment refers to the presence or absence of empowering conditions in the workplace. Psychological empowerment is related to a sense of motivation towards the organisational environment, based on the dimensions of meaning, competence, selfYb¼b±8¼V8Y8O¼ 8´O|tb±b¼8¡VÀÎΡ However, assuming that the subjectivity resulting from the complexity of this issue could be present in its 88Ê´´V 8´O|tb± b¼ 8¡ ÀÎÎ ´|È ¼|8¼ ¼ È Fb possible to measure this concept, from a structural b±´bO¼ÇbVF8´bY´¼ÁYb´FÊ8¼b±··¡,|´ author argues that the social structures of professional ±t8´8¼´qÁbOb¼|b8¼¼¼ÁYb´8YFb|8ÇÁ±´n the employees who react rationally to the situations in È|O|¼|bÊoY¼|b´bÇb´V8¼O8¼t¼|8¼Èb±´ the ability to mobilise resources to secure desired ends. Power in an organisation derives from the access to the following sources found in the formal and informal ´Ê´¼b´ 8´O|tb±V?bt8VÀÎÎp8U8n±8¼V. ¼bO|O8 8Y ´Ob¼oO ÈbYtb bOb´´8±Ê ¼ accomplish work, congruent with the individual and ±t8´8¼8 Ç8Áb´¶ F ´Á±¼V ±b8¼´| ȼ| peers and senior staff and the ability to take risks, without going through the several layers of approval; O±b´Á±Ob´V8F¼Ê¼qÁbOb¼|b8O¦Á´¼n¼bV material and human resources necessary to accomplish ȱ 8Y¼|b±t8´8¼8FbO¼Çb´¶Y±¼Á¼ÊV opportunities to increase the knowledge and skills bOb´´8±Ê ¼ 8OO´| ȱ O
(5) 8YV ,Á8~ OÁb´´V 8Yt8V?+|ÇbÊVÀÎΡ +b±±8b¼8¡ÀÎ8YÇ´b¼|8¼V8´ ´88Ê´´V it is imperative to refer to the relationships between the professionals and the institution, given the mutualistic relationship established. Thus, it is important to create conditions to optimise work and ensure access to the abovementioned structured, which should be a responsibility of senior managers. Employees feel empowered if they feel that their organisational environment provides them access to these structures, resulting in increased levels of organisational commitment, autonomy, and selfbnoO8OÊ 8´O|tb±?bt8VÀÎÎpF¡ The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire 3 )È8´YbÇbbYFÊ |8Yb±g¸8Yn± ¼Yb±ÇbY¼|b 3 )~ 8´O|tb±b¼8¡VÀÎÎVÈ|O| O´´¼´n¼b´8´O8bn¼p¼bYbY to measure six components described by Kanter ±¼Á¼ÊVn±8¼V´Á±¼V±b´Á±Ob´Vn±8 Èb±V 8Y n±8 Èb± 8Y 8 xbɼ±8y À~¼b ´O8btF8bÈb±b¼Vn±Ç8Y8¼Á±´b´¡ +O±b´±8tbn±¸¼½ÎU´O±b´±8ttn±¸¼ ½ ±b±b´b¼ È bÇb´ n bÈb±b¼V s ¼ ÀÀ Yb±8¼bbÇb´nbÈb±b¼V8YÀ½¼½Î|t| bÇb´nbÈb±b¼ 8´O|tb±b¼8¡VÀÎΡ +toO8¼ Y8¼8 8Ê Fb F¼8bY n± 88Ê´t the results obtained with the abovementioned instruments, since access to these structures leads to a higher organisational commitment and sense n 8Á¼Ê 8´O|tb± b¼ 8¡V ÀÎΡ Ï ´¼Çb relationship was found between Empowerment, Job Satisfaction, and commitment to organisational goals 8´O|tb±?bt8VÀÎÎp8¶ tV7|tV FV? )ÁbVÀÎΡ An integrative literature review was conducted to assess and synthesise the knowledge produced and published in this area. It will focus on the structural perspective so as to identify the relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction.. Revista de Enfermagem Referência Journal of Nursing Referência - IV - n.° 6 - 2015. Nursing empowerment and job satisfaction: an integrative review according the Structural Theory. 152.
(6) Thus, this study aims to characterise the relationship between Empowerment and job satisfaction based on the Structural Theory through studies published between 2005 and 2011 in the databases of selected indexed journals. To accomplish this objective, we intend to answer the following research question: x3|8¼ ´ ¼|b ±b8¼´| Fb¼Èbb ±nb´´8 empowerment and job satisfaction in Nursing from ¼|b ´¼±ÁO¼Á±8 ¼ n Çbȧy ,|b ±b´Á¼´ F¼8bY may inform future studies and serve as basis for the development of the clinical practice and, consequently, the discipline itself, with a potential to qÁbOb Ob´ Ï|8Y ? ±8ÊbV ÀÎζ |8tV ÁV?5bVÀÎÎg¶ V |bV?ÁVÀÎÎg¶ 8´O|tb±V b¼b±V
(7) 8ÊV?VÀÎΡ. Methodological Procedures of Integrative Review. 8Á8±ÊÀΡ,±b´¼±O¼¼|b¼b±´8OO±Yt¼ b+ Yb´O±¼±´V ¼|b nÈt b8 bɱb´´ È8´ Á´bYU empowerment OR autonomy Ï
(8) nurs* Ï
(9) Job satisfaction OR work satisfaction OR intent to leave¡ ,|b ±bÇbÈ nOÁ´bY 8±¼Ob´ ÁF´|bY between 2005 and 2011 in MEDLINE® and CINAHL Y8¼8F8´b´,8FbÀ¡,|b¼b±´autonomy and intent to leave were chosen for being complementary to the main search terms. This study followed the steps recommended by ¼|b 88 ±tt´ ´¼¼Á¼b V ÀÎU n±Á8¼ n 8 ±b´b8±O| ¦Áb´¼V Ybo¼ n ¼|b ¼b±8¼Á±b selection methods, description of the data extraction procedure, evaluation of the results according to their relevance and validity, data extraction, and synthesis of the conclusions. The research question follows the PICOD b¼|YtÊ V ÀÎU 8±¼O8¼´V ¼b±Çb¼V context, outcomes, and design/type of study, as shown in Table 1.. The search for articles written in Portuguese and English was carried out between December 2010 and Table 1 Search strategy following the PICO(D) methodology (JBI, 2011) Participants. Intervention. Nurses. Empowerment. Search terms. Nurs*. Empowerment OR Autonomy. *bobb¼. Sample composed of Nurses. Context Outcomes Structural Job Satisfaction ±t8´8¼ “Job Satisfaction” OR “Work Satisfaction” OR “Intent to leave” Use of the. 3 )~. Design )Á8¼¼8¼Çb8±8O|V Á´t¼|b 3 )~. -´bn¼|b 3 )~. ,±bob¼|b´b8±O|V¼|b8±b8n¼b±b´¼È8´±b´¼±O¼bY Autonomy” or “Empowerment” or “Job Satisfaction”, to “Nursing” and the main subject to “Professional as shown in Table 2. Table 2 ÁFb±n±b´Á¼´8OO±Yt¼¼|bY8¼8F8´b8Y¼|b±b´bO¼Çb±bobb¼FÊ´ÁFbO¼
(10) 8¼8F8´bÁFb±n±b´Á¼´ MEDLINE®½ÀÎ. Ï Àg½. Ï Àg½. *bobYFÊ´ÁFbO¼ÁFb±n±b´Á¼´ Professional AutonomyÀÀ Empowerments¸ Job SatisfactionÀ½. The following inclusion criteria were applied: studies in which the sample was composed of Nurses, that established an association between Empowerment. ABÍLIO CARDOSO TEIXEIRA et al.. 8Y F +8¼´n8O¼V ¼|8¼ Ob8±Ê Yb¼obY ¼|b different methodological steps, that used the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II. Revista de Enfermagem Referência Journal of Nursing Referência - IV - n.° 6 - 2015. 153.
(11) 3 )~V8Y¼|8¼8YY±b´´bY¼|b+¼±ÁO¼Á±8,|b±Ê¡ ,|´b´¼ÁYb´¼|8¼YY¼8YY±b´´ Èb±b¼8 n8O¼±Á¼bY8FÇbV¼|´bÈ|´bb¼|YtO8 steps were ambiguous, those whose sample was not exclusively composed of Nurses, duplicate articles, historical articles, opinion articles, legislation, interviews, editorials and meeting minutes were excluded. The articles were selected and excluded based on tÁYbb´ ÀÎ 8Y ¼|b ´¼b´ ±bObYbY FÊ9ÇbÍ8Y ±bÀÎÎΡ¼È8´F8´bY¼|b´b documents that the quality of the different studies was analysed in terms of the adequate literature ±bÇbÈV¼|b´¼ÁYb´´bbO¼bYV¼|bb¼|YtÊ´¼ÁYÊ Yb´t8YO8±¼Ên¼|b±b´b8±O|¦Áb´¼V¼|bY8¼8 ´Ê¼|b´´V8Y¼|b´Á8±ÊnoYt´¡±Yb±¼ ensure data quality, these steps were validated by another researcher. These data were extracted into a database using MS Excel 2011, which included the nÈt n±8¼U ´8b ¼¼8 8Y ±b´´b ±8¼bVtbYb±V8tbVbt¼|n´b±ÇOb¼¼88Y¼|b OÁ±±b¼´b±ÇObV 3 )~¼¼8´O±b8Y´O±b´n ¼|b´ÁF´O8b´V8Ytbt±8|O8O8¼8YO¼bɼ of the study.. Results and Interpretation Based on this strategy, after reading the title, the 8F´¼±8O¼8Y¼|b bÊȱY´V·À8±¼Ob´Èb±b´bbO¼bY¡ After full-text analysis, 50 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. A systematic review 38tb±b¼8¡VÀÎÎÈ8´8´bÉOÁYbYn±¼|´´¼ÁYÊ because its target of analysis and, consequently, the search criteria was the relationship between structural and psychological empowerment, thus omitting relevant studies for this analysis. The corpus of analysis O´´¼bYnÀÀ8±¼Ob´V8´´|È,8Fb½¡ ,8Fb ½ ´|È´ ¼|8¼ ´¼ ´¼ÁYb´ Èb±b OYÁO¼bY ±¼| Ïb±O8 -¼bY +¼8¼b´ n Ïb±O8 8Y. 88Y8VnÈbYFÊÏ´8 |88Y 88Ê´8V8Y Á±b¼8ÊV±b8YV8Y¼|b-¼bYtY¡ All of the analysed articles follow a quantitative 8±8O|V Á´b ¼|b 3 )~V 8Y Yb´O±Fb ¼|b methodological steps. There are some limitations, particularly regarding sample size and type of sampling 8bʱb´´b±8¼b´FbȸΠ¡¼|´b´¼ÁYb´V including information on these data, participants had a b88tbn½¡pÊb8±´8YFb¼Èbb¸¸¡· 8YÎÎ nnb8b8±¼O8¼´V8´´|È,8Fbs¡. ,8Fb½ Demographic characterisation of the studies Studies. Answers (Return rate). Àgpp· 8´O|tb±V¡V?bt8V¡ÀÎÎp8¡-´tbÈb±ment to build trust and respect in the workplace: A strategy for addressing the nursing shortage. Nursing Economics, 23V¸~½¡ À·½p 8´O|tb±V¡V?bt8V¡ÀÎÎpF¡ Èb±tÁ±´es for work engagement and health in hospital settings. Journal of Nursing Administration, 35ÎVs½~ss¡
(12) 8Çb´V ¡V 8´O|tb±V ¡V ? ÏY±Á´Ê´ÍÊV ¡ ÀÎθ¡ s¸·¡p Clinical educators’ empowerment, job tension, and job satisfaction: A test of Kanter’s Theory. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 22ÀV·gjg¸¡ (8¼±O VÏ¡V? 8´O|tb±V¡ÀÎθ¡,|bbnnbO¼n´¼±ÁO- gs¸¸¡· tural empowerment and perceived organizational support on middle level nurse managers’ role satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Management, 14V½~ÀÀ¡ 8´O|tb±V¡V(Á±YÊV ¡V?Ï´¼V¡ÀÎη¡,|b8O¼ s¸½¡À of leader-member exchange quality, empowerment, and core self-evaluation on nurse manager’s job satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37pVÀÀ~ÀÀ¡ 8´O|tb±V¡ÀÎÎg¡ nnbO¼nbÈb±b¼±nb´- À½spg¡p sional practice environments, work satisfaction, and patient care quality: Further testing the nursing worklife model ÀÎÎg¡Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 23sV½ÀÀ~½½Î¡. Revista de Enfermagem Referência Journal of Nursing Referência - IV - n.° 6 - 2015. Female gender (%) p¡¸. Mean age ( Years). Country of publication. Context. ½½. Canada. Intensive Care. -. -. Canada. ¸. ss. Canada. Several ¼b8O|t |´¼8´ Several. -. s. Canada. Management. 100. 50. Canada. Management. -. sÀ. Canada. Several. Nursing empowerment and job satisfaction: an integrative review according the Structural Theory. 154.
(13) |8tV ¡~ ¡V ÁV ¡~¡V ? 5bV ¡ ¡~3¡ ÀÎÎg¡ Effects of an empowerment-based education program for public health nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17ÀÎVÀ·gÀ~À·Î¡ V¡ ¡V |bV5¡ ¡V?ÁV¡,¡ÀÎÎg¡,|b±b8¼´| between work empowerment and work stress perceived by nurses at long-term care facilities in Taipei city. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17ÀÀV½ÎpÎ~½Îpg¡ 8´O|tb±V¡V3 V(¡V |V¡V?±bOV(¡ÀÎÎ8¡ powerment, engagement and perceived effectiveness in nursing work environments: Does experience matter? Journal of Nursing Management, 17pV¸½¸~¸s¸¡ 7Á±b|ÊV ¡V 8±¼V (¡V ? ¼Í8¼±O V ¡ ÀÎΡ *bt´tered nurse empowerment and intent to leave current position and/or profession. Journal of Nursing Management, 17½V½g½~½¡. 8V ¡V?7|ÁV7¡ÀÎΡ+¼±ÁO¼Á±8bÈb±b¼VF satisfaction, and turnover intention of Chinese clinical nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 11sV½·~sν¡ tV+¡V7|tV¡V FV3¡V?)ÁbV ¡ÀÎΡ,|bpact of nurse empowerment on job satisfaction. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65ÀVÀ¸sÀ~À¸sg¡ 8´O|tb±V ¡V b¼b±V ¡V
(14) 8ÊV Ï¡V ? V
(15) ¡ ÀÎÎF¡ Workplace empowerment, incivility, and burnout: Impact on staff nurse recruitment and retention outcomes. Journal of Nursing Management, 17½V½ÎÀ~½¡ 8Á¼ÍV ¡V 8´O|tb±¡V?*8Ç8ÍÍV+¡ÀÎΡ3± place empowerment, job satisfaction and job stress among Italian mental health nurses: An exploratory study. Journal of Nursing Management, 17sVss¸~spÀ¡ Fitzpatrick, J. J., Campo, T. M., G±8|8 ¡V ? Lavandero *¡ÀÎΡ b±¼oO8¼VbÈb±b¼V8Y¼b¼¼b8Çb current position and the profession among critical care nurses. American Journal of Critical Care, 19½VÀg~ÀÀ¸¡ A|8YV ¡V?O±8ÊbV ¡ ¡ÀÎΡ Èb±b¼VF satisfaction and organizational commitment: A comparative analysis of nurses working in Malaysia and England. Journal of Nursing Management, 18pVpgÀ~p¡ Casey, M., S8ÁYb±´V ¡V ? O’H8±8V ,¡ ÀÎΡ 8O¼ n critical social empowerment on psychological empowerment and job satisfaction in nursing and midwifery settings. Journal of Nursing Management, 18VÀs~½s¡ Stewart, J., MCNulty, R., G±noV ¡,¡V?Fitzpatrick J. J. ÀÎΡ(´ÊO|tO8bÈb±b¼8Y´¼±ÁO¼Á±8bpowerment among nurse practitioners. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 22VÀ·~½s¡ MCD8YV+¡V,Á8~ OÁb´´V¡+¡VM8Yt8V ¡Ï¡V? S|ÇbÊV ¡ÀÎΡ*b8¼´|Fb¼Èbb´¼8nnÁ±´bvolvement in organizational structures and perception of empowerment. Critical Care Nurse, 33ÀVsg~¸À¡ Chang, L. C., S||V ¡¡V?LV+¡ ¡ÀÎΡ,|bbY8¼ing role of psychological empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment for school health nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47sVsÀ·~s½½¡ Cai, C. F., Z|ÁV7¡¡VYb|V¡V?HÁV¡ÀΡEmpowerment and its effects on clinical nurses in central China. International Nursing Review, 58V½g~ss¡ Baker, S., F¼Í8¼±O V¡V?G±no ¡ÀΡ Èb±ment and job satisfaction in Associate Degree Nurse Educators. Nurse Education Perspectives, 32sVÀ½s~À½¡. ¸p . -. -. Taiwan. Public Health. ·g¸s¡½ . 100. ½p¡p. Taiwan. Longterm Care. s·Î¡g . -. À·¹s½. Canada. Several. À½Î¡g . p¡g. s¸¡¸. USA. Several. gg¡s . 100. ½Î¡p. China. pgÀ . 100. ½Î¡g. China. Several ¼b8O|t |´¼8´ Several. ¸Àpp¡½ . p. s¡½. Canada. Several. ··¸s¡ . ¸¸¡·. sÀ. Italy. Psychiatry. ¸pgp . Î. ss. USA. Intensive Care. sggg¸¡À . s¡g. ½p. Malaysia and England. Several. Àss·¡· . g·¡·. -. Ireland. Several. ·s¸ . ·¡½. USA. Several. ÀÀ½½ . g½¡¸. s·¡g. USA. Several. ½½Î¸¸ . 100. -. Taiwan. School health. ÀÎgg·¡s . 100. ½Î¡s. China. Several. ·¸À¡· . ¸¡s. p¡g. USA. Education. ABÍLIO CARDOSO TEIXEIRA et al.. Revista de Enfermagem Referência Journal of Nursing Referência - IV - n.° 6 - 2015. 155.
(16) ,8Fbs Descriptive statistics of demographic data. b8bbYb± Ïtb 5b8±´. n · ·. Minimum ¸¸¡· À¸¡·. Maximum 100 p¡g. -´t ¼|b 3 )~V ±b´b8±O|b±´ b8´Á±bY participants’ level of perceived empowerment and job satisfaction. Table 5 shows data from the different studies concerning the subscales previously listed and the predictive value of structural empowerment. Data. Mean ½ sΡÎÀ. Standard deviation ¡½· ·¡pÀ. ±b´Á¼tn±¼|bYnnb±b¼ 3 )~´ÁF´O8b´Èb±b 8´Yb¼obYVÈ|bbÇb±´´Fb¡
(17) 8¼8Èb±b¼¼8Ê ´´t±Ob¼boÇb8Y¼Èn¼|b´¼ÁYb´V respectively.. Table 5 Results of the CWEQ-II and the subscales ÏÁ¼|±´ 8´O|tb±8Ybt8ÀÎÎp8 8´O|tb±8Ybt8ÀÎÎpF
(18) 8Çb´V 8´O|tb±V8YÏY±Á´Ê´ÍÊÀÎθ (8¼±O 8Y 8´O|tb±ÀÎθ 8´O|tb±V(Á±YÊV8YÏ´¼ÀÎη 8´O|tb±ÀÎÎg. |8tV ÁV8Y5bÀÎÎg V |bV8YÁÀÎÎg 8´O|tb±V3 V |V?±bOÀÎÎ8. 3 )~ Opp. Inf. Sup. Res. For. P. ½¡· À¡·À À¡¸s À¡·· À¡s ·¡g ½¡· À¡· À¡¸s À¡·· À¡sÎ ½¡ ½¡¸· ½¡sg ½¡s À¡gÎ ½¡Àp 21.1 s¡· s¡Î½ ½¡À½ À¡p· ½¡À ¡ s¡Îp ½¡Îp À¡p À¡g À¡p· ·¡g ½¡À ½¡p ½¡p ½¡p À¡½ À¡¸g À¡g· À¡sg g¡ À¡·· À¡g ½¡Î¸ À¡gÎ 7Á±b|ÊV 8±¼8Y¼Í8¼±O ÀÎÎ À¡¸ ½¡sp ½¡½Î ½¡½p ½¡ÀÀ 2.50. 88Y7|ÁÀÎÎ ¡ ½¡s½ ½¡Îg ½¡· ½¡p¸ tb¼8¡ÀÎÎ 12.1 À¡· ½¡ÎÀ ½¡ À¡¸ ½¡s 8´O|tb±b¼8¡ÀÎÎF s¡¸ 8Á¼ÍV 8´O|tb±V8Y*8Ç8ÍÀÎÎ 21.0 À¡½g À¡À¸ 2.50 À¡· 2.51 ¼Í8¼±O V 8V±8|8V8Y 8Ç8Yb±ÀÎÎ 21.2 s¡p ½¡s½ ½¡½s ½¡Î ½¡p 20.2 s¡s ½¡pÀ ½¡½½ ½¡Î· ½¡À Ï|8Y8Y ±8ÊbÀÎÎ g¡·. 8´bÊV+8ÁYb±´V8Y ®8±8ÀÎÎ ¡À s¡À ½¡¸ À¡gÀ À¡¸ À¡· +¼bÈ8±¼b¼8¡ÀÎÎ Àp¡ s¡g ½¡¸À ½¡s¸ ½¡ÀÎ ½¡s O
(19) 8Yb¼8¡ÀÎÎ g¡p ½¡·g À¡·p À¡À ½¡Îs À¡¸s. |8tV+||V8Y ÀÎÎ p¡s. 8V7|ÁV5b|V8YÁÀÎ 8 b±V¼Í8¼±O V8Y±noÀÎ s¡Î ½¡sg À¡·g ½¡¸ ¡ ±¼Á¼Ê¶n¡n±8¼¶+Á¡+Á±¼¶*b´¡*b´Á±Ob´¶±¡(¡±8Èb±¶n¡(¡n±8Èb±¡. These results differ from the Portuguese reality, 8±¼OÁ8±Ê ±bt8±Yt tbYb± 8Y 8tb ±Yb Y´ nb±b±´V ÀÎÀ¡ ¼|b 88Ê´bY ´¼ÁYb´V ¼|b percentage of women is slightly higher than in the Portuguese reality, as well as the participants’ mean age. Considering that the studied populations have their own characteristics and assuming that Empowerment relies on the conditions offered by the organisation. Inf. P. ½¡½ ½¡½ ½¡½g ½¡·p ½¡p¸ ½¡sg ½¡sÎ À¡sg ½¡Î· À¡·g ½¡·g ½¡½ ½¡¸ ½¡·· ½¡½· ½¡s·. which, in turn, depends on the conditions of the ´Á±±ÁYt bDZb¼ 8´O|tb± b¼ 8¡V ÀÎÎV these results may not be generalised to the Portuguese population. In the studies that presented the scale scores, it was observed that most nurses had moderate levels of bÈb±b¼ k·¡s V È|b±b8´ Ê ¸ |8Y |t|bÇb´nbÈb±b¼k¡. Revista de Enfermagem Referência Journal of Nursing Referência - IV - n.° 6 - 2015. Nursing empowerment and job satisfaction: an integrative review according the Structural Theory. 156.
(20) Job Empowerment and Job Satisfaction The positive relationship between Empowerment and Job Satisfaction is clearly visible in the analysed studies. Thus, a positive perception of Empowerment ´8±bYO¼±nF+8¼´n8O¼ 8V?7|ÁVÀÎζ. |8tb¼8¡VÀÎζ
(21) 8Çb´b¼8¡VÀÎθ¶ 8´O|tb±b¼ 8¡V ÀÎη¶ 8´O|tb±V ÀÎÎg¶ 8´O|tb±V 8´O|tb± b¼8¡VÀÎζ 8´O|tb±V?bt8VÀÎÎpF¶ 8Á¼Íb¼ 8¡VÀÎζ b¼b±b¼8¡VÀÎζ b¼8¡VÀÎÎg¶ O
(22) 8Y b¼ 8¡V ÀÎζ t b¼ 8¡V ÀÎζ +¼bÈ8±¼ b¼ 8¡V ÀÎζ 7Á±b|Êb¼8¡VÀÎΡ¼|b±È±Y´V8Y±bO¼8Y positive relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction is clearly shown, as had been advanced by 8´O|tb±b¼8¡ÀÎΡϼ|Át|¼|´±b8¼´|´ not clearly established in the other analysed studies, its presence can be inferred.. autonomy, which was refuted by Ahmad Oranye ÀÎÎV tb¼8¡ÀÎÎV8Y7Áb±|Êb¼8¡ÀÎΡ ¼|b ´¼ÁYÊ FÊ Ï|8Y 8Y ±8Êb ÀÎÎ ¼|b differences in Empowerment, Job Satisfaction, and Commitment to the Organisation in two Y´¼O¼ ±b8¼b´ t8Y 8Y 88Ê´8V 8 ¼b¼8 relationship between demographic data and the perception of empowerment was found: in distinct realities, the major determinants of empowerment may be different. Thus, in the English hospital, the determinants of empowerment were work position 8Y qbÉF¼Ê n ¼|b ȱ ´Ê´¼bV È|b±b8´ ¼|b Malaysian hospital, age and level of education were the main determinants. As it is generally agreed that empowerment derives from the combination of access to several factors, the differences in scores between the different subscales that may be predictors of organisational status in the analysed realities should be discussed. In the analysis n ¼|b 3 )~ ´ÁF´O8b´V ¼|b |t|b´¼ ´O±b È8´ found in the Opportunity ´ÁF´O8bFÊ88Ê´t¼|b o±´¼nÁ±n8O¼±´8Y¼|bÈb´¼´O±b¼|bAccess to resources subscale, with the exception of the Asian studies. In general, Informal Power scores are higher than Formal Power scores. These data are consistent ȼ|¼|b´¼ÁYb´FÊ 8´bÊb¼8¡ÀÎÎV
(23) 8Çb´b¼8¡ ÀÎθV ¼Í8¼±O b¼ 8¡ ÀÎÎV 8´O|tb± ÀÎÎgV 8´O|tb± 8Y bt8 ÀÎÎpFV O
(24) 8Y b¼ 8¡ ÀÎÎV +¼bÈ8±¼ b¼ 8¡ ÀÎÎV 8Y 7Áb±|Ê b¼ 8¡ ÀÎÎVÈ|´b8±¼O8¼´8¼¼8O|t±b8¼b±±¼8Ob to the concept underlying the Opportunity subscale. ¼|b´¼ÁYb´FÊ 88Y7|ÁÀÎÎV b¼8¡ÀÎÎgV 8Y t b¼ 8¡ ÀÎÎV ¼|b |t|b´¼ ´O±b È8´ ¼ found in the opportunity subscale. The common aspects to these studies were that they were carried out in Asia with an exclusively female sample. These differences are explained by the social, cultural, and political differences, with the consequent differences in Education, as well as in the dominant gender in the profession when compared with the western cultures.. Context of job performance In this analysis, we need to address the factors that 8Ê qÁbOb ¼|b ±b´Á¼´ ± n± nÁ¼Á±b ´¼ÁYb´¡ In a study carried out in China with School Health Á±´b´V |8tb¼8¡ÀÎÎÁYb±b¼|8¼¼|bÁ±´b´® perception of empowerment may derive from the fact that they are not under medical supervision. The only predictor of a high perception of empowerment was found in the study by Stewart et 8¡ÀÎΡ,|b´b±b´b8±O|b±´OYÁO¼bY8´¼ÁYÊȼ| Advanced Practice Nurses in the State of Connecticut -+ÏVȼ|8¼b8´¼bÊb8±nbÉb±bOb8Y8tbY Fb¼Èbbs8YpÎÊb8±´¡Ï±b´´b±8¼bn¸ È8´ obtained. This reality is very different from the one found in some of the analysed studies, and for this ±b8´Vbȼ|+¼bÈ8±¼b¼8¡ÀÎÎV¼|b±b´Á¼´ should be limited to the sample under study as it is not representative of the whole population and it cannot be generalised to different geographical areas. In contrast, In Italy, in the only study with Mental Health Nurses, the Nurses reported lower scores in the access to the opportunity to learn and grow and higher scores in the access to resources. This fact may explain the concern with the technical aspects and job needs over the relational and educational aspects Academic qualifications and Professional certification 8Á¼Íb¼8¡VÀÎΡ 3¼|±bt8±Y¼Ob±¼oO8¼V¼Í8¼±O b¼8¡ÀÎÎV in a study with Intensive Care Nurses, concluded that Demography and cultural context In a study involving professionals from different ¼|bOb±¼oO8¼FʱbOt´bYFYb´8Êb8Y¼8 8±b8´ |´¼8 8Y ~|´¼8 O8±bV O
(25) 8Y |t|b±b±Ob¼nbÈb±b¼¡7Áb±|Êb¼8¡ b¼ 8¡ ÀÎÎ ´|ÈbY ´toO8¼ ±b8¼´| ÀÎδÁttb´¼¼|8¼¼|bbÇbnbYÁO8¼8ÊFb8 between demographic data and perception of ±bYO¼± n bÈb±b¼¡ 8 b¼ 8¡ ÀÎ 8±tÁb. ABÍLIO CARDOSO TEIXEIRA et al.. Revista de Enfermagem Referência Journal of Nursing Referência - IV - n.° 6 - 2015. 157.
(26) ¼|8¼¼|bbÇbnbYÁO8¼|8´8´¼8¼´¼O8Ê´toO8¼ Thus, the creation of organisational environments in association with job satisfaction. which nurses can feel empowered triggers feelings of job satisfaction and organisational commitment in nurses, leading to high levels of performance O8±b ±Ç´ ± ¼|b±¡ ,|Á´V Á±´b´ È nbb Conclusion ±b O88Fb n b±n±t ¼|b± ¼8´ ´ bnoOb¼ÊV These results reinforce the proposal of the structural reinforcing the idea of remaining in the organisation. theory: the access to the structures that promote In our research, we found that this phenomenon bÈb±b¼±¼Á¼ÊVn±8¼V±b´Á±Ob´V is understudied in the Portuguese reality. So, it 8Y´Á±¼±ÇYb´¼|b Á±´b´È¼|¼|bbOb´´8±Ê is a challenge to assess the nurses’ perception tools to perceive levels of autonomy capable of of empowerment and identify the main factors increasing job satisfaction, the commitment to the promoting empowerment so that we can optimise ±t8´8¼8 FbO¼Çb´V ´bn~bnoO8OÊV ±YÁO¼Ç¼ÊV ¼|b±8O¼Ob8YFbbo¼n±¼b¼88YÇ8¼8tb´¡ and effectiveness. n8¼8´bbO¼n·À8±¼Ob´VpÎ8±¼Ob´Èb±b excluded after full-text analysis. Of these, seven had References been conducted in Asia, two in Europe, one compared |8tV ¡~ ¡V ÁV ¡~¡V ? 5bV ¡ ¡~3¡ ÀÎÎg¡ Effects of an the European and Asian realities, and the remaining empowerment-based education program for public health nurses in Taiwan. Journal of clinical nursing, 17ÀÎVÀ·gÀ~ ones had been carried out in North America. À·Î¡ ¼|b´b´¼ÁYb´V8b88tbn½¡pÊb8±´8Y¸¸¡· ¼ÎÎ nnb8b8±¼O8¼´Èb±bnÁYVÈ|O|´ b¼O|b±V ¡ ÀÎη¡ 8tbU |8tt |È Èb Á±´b´ ¼| about themselves. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58½VÀη~ slightly different from the Portuguese reality. In most 215. ´¼ÁYb´ s V Á±´b´ |8Y Yb±8¼b bÇb´ n F Èb±b¼VÈ|b±b8´¸ n¼|b¼|bÊ´|ÈbY 9ÇbÍVÏ¡V? ±bV ¡(¡ÀÎÎΡ*bÇ´ ±¼O8YbÁb´¼ÁYU Resúmenes comentados de investigaciones de calidad. Index high levels, thus revealing the positive relationship de Enfermería, 9½Vp¸~pg between empowerment and job satisfaction. In s n ¼|b 88Ê´bY ´¼ÁYb´V ¼|b Y±bO¼ 8Y ´¼Çb 88 ±tt´´¼¼Á¼bÀΡ Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers’ manual: 2011 edition. Adelaide, Australia: Autor. relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction is clearly shown. Thus, the higher the 8´O|tb±V¡Vbt8V¡V+|88V¡V?3 V(¡ÀÎΡ8O¼ of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain professionals’ level of empowerment, the higher their in nursing work settings: Expanding Kanter’s model. Journal level of satisfaction. Although this relationship is not of Nursing Administration, 31pVÀ¸Î~À·À¡ clearly revealed in other studies, its presence may be inferred. The more empowered Nurses feel, the more 8´O|tb±V¡VFb±¼V+¡V+¼|V ¡V? b´bV¡ÀÎΡ,È8±Y´ a comprehensive theory of nurse/patient empowerment: ±nb´´8Ê´8¼´obY¼|bÊÈFbUn8±¹|t|bÇb´n Applying Kanter’s empowerment theory to patient care. job empowerment correspond to fair/high levels of Journal of Nursing Management, 18Vs~½¡ job satisfaction. ±Yb Y´ nb±b±´ ÀÎÀ¡ Dados estatísticos 2000-2011. A clear relationship was found between the Retrieved from http://www.ordemenfermeiros.pt/membros/
(27) OÁb¼´¹
(28) 8Y´ ÀÎ ´¼8¼´¼O´ÆÀÎÎÎÆÀΡYn b±Ob¼ n bÈb±b¼ 8Y 8tb |t|b± bÇb´ n bÈb±b¼ Yb± Á±´b´V 8O8YbO +b±±8V ¡V ´¼8VÏ¡V? ´¼8V ¡ÀΡ ÁY8±b nb±8tbU ¦Á8oO8¼´ 8Y ±nb´´8 Ob±¼oO8¼ ¼|b. Yb´bÇÇb±8´Ob¼dO8´¡Referência, 3½Vp~ À½¡ level of empowerment increases with academic ¦Á8oO8¼´ 8Y ±nb´´8 Ob±¼oO8¼V 38tb±V ¡V Át´V ¡V +¼|V
(29) ¡ ¡V ´V ¡V ÏYb±´V ¡V ? 38±±bV +¡ ÀÎΡ ,|b ±b8¼´| Fb¼Èbb ´¼±ÁO¼Á±8 ±nb´´8O¼bɼ|t|b±bÇb´nbÈb±b¼ empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses: 8tÏYÇ8ObY(±8O¼Ob Á±´b´V8Ytbt±8|O8 A systematic review. Journal of nursing management, 18sV O¼bɼ Ynnb±b¼ ±b8¼b´V ¼|b Yb¼b±8¼´ n ssg~sp¸ empowerment may be different: in North America, the dimension opportunity scored higher than in ´¼ÁYb´O8±±bYÁ¼Ï´8¡. Revista de Enfermagem Referência Journal of Nursing Referência - IV - n.° 6 - 2015. Nursing empowerment and job satisfaction: an integrative review according the Structural Theory. 158.
(30)
(31)
(32)
Documentos relacionados
Em suma, ficou evidente a existência de um conceito de política científica anterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial, à própria experiência norte-americana e ao célebre
Apesar do ponto de vista da comunidade científica, o Espiritismo ainda não está incluído no acervo do conhecimento humano como Ciência, porém "o. Espiritismo é uma Ciência
Está presente, dessa forma, formulação consentânea com o primado do direito conflitual internacional de que a lei processual é sempre a do juiz competente. Trata-se da utilização
Algumas ações podem ser benéficas para reduzir o risco de incidência de cólica, como, manter os eqüinos na pastagem o maior tempo possível, pois já foi observado que uma
3 Prima o comando rotativo para cima/ baixo para seleccionar “on”, e prima sobre esta opção. 4 Prima
em alta definição Full HD, um canal móvel para com- putadores ou celulares e até três canais com defini- ção de imagem igual aos do atual sistema analógico. Tudo graças
demais, diversos estudos evidenciam a relevância do uso de questionários validados para mensurar conhecimento, em razão da ausência de medidas padrão-ouro para mensurar
These proposed functions use the traffic volume as an independent variable and travel time (VDF), emissions (VEF), and environmental damage costs (VEDF) as dependent variables.
