Vol-7, Special Issue-Number4-July, 2016, pp466-495 http://www.bipublication.com e cl ti Ar h rc ea es R
Investigation of morphological and phenological traits of ten cultivars of
pomegranate in the Yazd and Mehriz weather conditions
Sajad Khanizadeh, Mehrdad Jafarpour* and Mohamad Reza Vazifeh Shenas
Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran,
*Corresponding author E-mail: jafarpour@khuisf.ac.irMobile number: (+98) 9133130170 Advisor: Dr .mohamad Reza Vazifeh shenas
ABSTRACT:
With scientific name of punica granatum, pomegranate is one of the native and horticultural crops of Iran that grows and has appropriate productivity in arid and semi-tropical climates. In this study, morphological and phenological characteristics of pomegranate were investigated at two places (Yazd and Mehriz). In this study, we tried to determine the best area to plant ten cultivars of pomegranate (Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Shahvar Age Estahban, Malas Pishva Varamin, Zagh Yazdi, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi) at two places. In this study, quantitative indicators of fruit weight, fruit taste, fruit seed color, fruit color, fruit crown diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, skin weight, skin thickness, number of seed in fruit, chlorophyll intensity, flowering time, the amount of emergence of leaf, leaf emergence time, bud emergence time, number of suckers, the number of buds on tree, bud opening time, leaf length and width, lost flowers of each tree, the number of flower on each branch, amount of of thorn on each tree, the number of fruit on each branch, fruiting time, ripening time of fruit, and leaf loss were investigated. The results show that in the Yazd area the quantitative traits of skin thickness, fruit color, seed weight of fruit, leaf width, number of flower on tree, crown length of fruit, number of flower on branch, flowers loss in Yazd area has higher performance. In addition, in this area, bud opening data, and bud emergence data were earlier. In Mehriz area, the traits of fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, skin weight, number of fruit seed, leaf length, chlorophyll intensity, rate of growth, amount of leaf emergence, distance between nodes, the number of fruits on branch, and flowering time were higher.
Keywords: pomegranate, pomegranate cultivars, fruiting, quantitative traits
INTRODUCTION
Pomegranate is one of horticultural and native crops of Iran. Iran is the provenance andwith scientific name of punica granatu, it has the first place in the world in terms of cultivar, under cultivation, production and exporting of pomegranate. Currently, more than 89,000 hectares of gardens are under the pomegranate 2011) in our country. Pomegranate is a product that shows high tolerance against climate and soil changes. This product can grow from
weight to total fruit was obtained 50 to 70 percent that it is slightly higher in high quality and thin-skinned cultivars, while it is lower in thick-skinned cultivars (Sarkhosh and Shokrani 1988). Iran has the highest under cultivation of pomegranate among the countries producing pomegranate and Iran’s pomegranate has particular place due to good quality, appearance, and bright color of beans. For this reasons, Iran's pomegranate is unrivaled in world markets of this product among the agricultural crops in non-oil sector (Vezvaei 1987). Being rich in sugars, vitamins, anthocyanins, and especially antioxidants in recent years, its consumption has been increased in recent years and its tannins are considered and used as natural preservative (Mehrabian et al 2008). Pomegranate is among the fruits that has higher level of antioxidants (Ann, 2001). Pomegranate is healing fruit due to presence of vitamins of B6 ,B3,B1, C, and A and
minerals of potassium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and other compounds. Pomegranate is one of winter fruits can be used to supply vitamins and minerals of body in winter. Due to the small amount of carbohydrates, it is considered as low calories fruit. Pomegranate is rich in potassium (about 27 mg of potassium in 100 grams pomegranate). Potassium of this fruit plays an important role in improving muscle activities and intracellular and extracellular water regulation, and it can improve the function of vitamin C in the body.Pomegranate consumption regulates and balances the body fluids, especially blood. In addition, pomegranate can be helpful in treatment of intestinal disorders such asdiarrhea by its contracting activity. It purifies the blood and removes the toxins, and it is refreshing fruit (Fadavi et al 2005).
Experiment
Investigation of Quantitative Traits
Quantitative traits included fruit weight, fruit crown diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit color, skin weight, skin thickness, total weight of seed, number of seed, and color of seed measured in this study. In this study, 24 fruits of each cultivar were harvested at two places (Yazd and Mehriz). Then, they were transferred to the laboratory of Khorasghan University and
Agricultural Research Center. Using a ruler, the length of crowns of fruits was measured and pomegranates were weighted using digital scale with an accuracy of 0.01 grams, and color fruit was determined by spectrophotometer, PG-Instrumeter-T80 model. Then, length and width of each fruit were measured by digital caliper to two decimal places in millimeters. Then, the fruit was peeled and of seeds per fruit were counted. Weight of seed and skin were measured by digital scale with accuracy of 0.01 gram and dry weight of 100 seeds were measured after putting the seeds in an oven at 75 ° C for 48 hours. Then, the weight of dry matter was measured. Additionally, skin thickness was measured by a digital caliper. The color of seed also was read by a spectrophotometer, PG-Instrumeter-T80 model. Then, the juice of each cultivar was taken and qualitative traits were measured immediately.
Statistical Methods
The experiment was conducted in the form of factorial and plot split with the impact of the two places of Yazd Mehriz (man factor) and cultivar (sub factor) in 4 replicates. The number of plots was 10 that in each of them 4 tree were were located. From each plot, 24 fruits were harvested, that is, 240 fruits were harvested from 10 plots in total. Then, obtained data were analyzed using MSTAT- C software for each factor separately for each location. Combined analysis also was performed. Graphs were drawn using Excel software. In addition, Duncan test was used to compare mean, at the level of 0.05 and 0.01.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
seed in fruit, intensity of chlorophyll, flowering time, the amount of emergence of leaf, time of leaf emergence, time of bud emergence, number of suckers, number of buds on tree, opening time of bud, length and width of leaf, lost flowers of each tree, number of flower on each branch, amount of of thorn on each tree, number of fruit on each branch, fruiting time, ripening time of fruit, and leaf loss. The results show that in the Yazd area the quantitative traits of skin thickness, seed color, seed weight of fruit, leaf width, the number of flowers on tree, crown
length of fruit, number of flower on branch, flowers loss, and amount of thorn on branch were high. In addition, in this area, bud opening data and bud emergence data were earlier. In Mehriz area, the traits of flowering time (earlier), fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, skin weight, number of fruit seed, leaf length, chlorophyll intensity, rate of growth, amount of leaf emergence, distance between nodes, the number of fruits on branch, and flowering time were higher.
Table (1-3): Yazd
cultivars traits of ten cultivars of pomegranate
Malas Save sour-sweet, thick skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 162 g Zagh Yazdi sweet, thick skin, white skin, white seed, weight mean of fruit: 206.25 g Tabolarze Abanmahi sweet, thick skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 203.38 g Gharch Shahvar Yazdi sour, thick skin, light red skin, white seed, weight mean of fruit: 216 g
Malas Pishva Varanin sour-sweet, think skin, whited skin, vegetal white seed, weight mean offruit: 176.45 g Dane Siah Esfahan sour-sweet, thin skin, red skin, black seed, weight mean of fruit: 215.3 g
Pust Ghermez Esfahan sweet, thick skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 182.75 g Shahvar Age Estahban sour-sweet, thin skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 146.3 g Malas Yazdi sour-sweet, thick skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 204.25 g
Malas Dane Ghermez Yazd sour-sweet, thin skin, red skin, vegetal red seed, weight mean offruit: 215 g
Table (1-3): Mehriz
cultivarstraits of ten cultivars of pomegranate
Malas Yazdi sour-sweet, thin skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 200 g Malas Dane Ghermez Yazd sour-sweet, thick skin, light red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 210 g Malas Pishva Varanin sour-sweet, think skin, red skin, vegetal white seed, weight mean of fruit: 195.2 g Shahvar Age Estahban sour-sweet, thin skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 200 g
Gharch Shahvar Yazdi sour, thick skin, light red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 202 g Pust Ghermez Esfahan sweet, thin skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 177.2 g Dane Siah Esfahan sour, thick skin, red skin, black seed, weight mean of fruit: 170 g
Malas Save sour-sweet, thick skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 200.7 g Tabolarze Abanmahi sweet, thick skin, red skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 203.38 g Zagh Yazdi sweet, thin skin, white skin, red seed, weight mean of fruit: 194 g
Variance analysis tables
Table -1- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivarof pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Yazd
Mean of squares
Fruit fruit harvesting fruit crown fruit weight thorn on branch number of flower number of df source of changes
ripening time lengt on tree bud on tree 1.67 * 1.84** 0.19** 153.2** 0.2 169.35* 147.12** 9cultivar
00.5 0.09 0.05 284.7 0.05 16.71 28.78 30 error 12.0 15.73 13.32 8.62 18.63 9.88 10.75 Changes coefficients (%)
**significance at the 0.01 level
Table -2- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Yazd
Mean of squares
Weight of growth rate number number skin weight number of seed weight fruit length df source of changes Extract of flowers of seed fruit in branch
Table -3- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Yazd
Mean of squares
Nodes distance performance flowering but opening first leaf emergence bud emergence leaf loss df source of changes level time time time time
0.34 ns 1.82** 0.67** 0.57** 0.95 ** 0.69** 1.85** 9cultivar 0.20 0.13 0.06 0.18 0.08 0.04 0.14 30 error 19.03 18.82 12.90 22.13 13.20 10.58 19.06Changes coefficients (%)
Ns: non-significance at the level of 0.05 **: significance at the 0.01 level
Table 4- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Yazd
Mean of squares
Fruit diameter flowering suckers chlorophyll flower on branch leaf width leaf length df source of changes amount amount intensity
206.65 ** 0.25ns 0.61** 0.17ns 54.11 ** 0.84** 0.77*9 cultivar 57.23 0.16 0.06 0.14 3.16 0.21 0.23 30 error 12.55 14.34 14.41 13.32 13.49 18.82 10.58Changes coefficients (%)
Ns: non-significance at the level of 0.05 **: significance at the 0.01 level
Table 5- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Yazd
Mean of squares
Fruit colorseed colorskin thicknessdfsource of changes
0.14** 0.13 ** 0.46 ** 9cultivar 0.5 0.6 0.37 30error
20.20 15.20 18.31Changes coefficients (%)
Ns: non-significance at the level of 0.05 **: significance at the 0.01 level
Table 7- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Mehriz
Mean of squares
Fruitfruit harvestingfruit crownfruit weightthorn on branchnumber of flowernumber ofdfsource of changes ripeningtime timelength on treebud on tree
1.40 * 1.20** 0.17** 1540** 0.18** 15.30** 140.30** 10 cultivar 00.3 0.06 0.02 299.5 0.03 14.30 27.50 30error
11.23 13.54 12.20 10.66 17.54 8.25 9.23Changescoefficients (%)
** significance at the 0.01 level
Table -8- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Mehriz
Mean of squares
Weight ofgrowth ratenumbernumberskin weightnumber ofseed weightfruit length dfsource of changes extractof flowerof seedfruit in branch lossin fruit
33.20 ** 0.44** 0.47** 18.6** 20.30 ns 20.40** 6.5** 14.3 10cultivar 70.10 0.09 0.17 29.65 2.30 48.30 16.20 20.10 30 error 11. 20 17.54 19.10 14.35 20.10 10.30 7.50 14.90Changes coefficients (%)
Ns: non-significance at the level of 0.05 *and**: significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 level, respectively
Table -9- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Mehriz
Mean of squares
Nodes distance performance flowering but opening first leaf emergence bud emergence leaf loss df source of changes level time time time time
0.30 ** 1.94** 0.60** 0.50** 0.93 ** 0.65** 1.99**9 cultivar
0.16 0.15 0.04 0.9 0.06 0.02 0.16 30 error 15.08 20.87 10.82 18.12 12.33 8.59 21.20Changes coefficients (%)
Table 10- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Mehriz
Mean of squares
Fruit diameter flowering suckers chlorophyll flower on branch leaf width leaf length df source of changes amount amount intensity
219 ** 0.18ns 0.49** 0.11ns 0.5** 0.76** 0.65** 9 cultivar 70.30 0.15 0.07 0.10 2.32 0.20 0.20 30error
16.30 14.30 15.40 12.40 12.52 17.86 9.76Changes coefficients (%)
Ns: non-significance at the level of 0.05 **: significance at the 0.01level
Table 11- Analysis of variance results- the effect of type of cultivar of pomegranate on some of the traits of pomegranate in Yazd
Mean of squares
Fruit color seed color skin thickness df source of changes
0.10 0.12 0.4010 cultivar
0.4 0.5 0.34 30 error 7.20 9.1115.32Changes coefficients (%)
Ns: non-significance at the level of 0.05 **: significance at the 0.01 level
Fruit weight
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit weight in the treatment of effect of type of cultivar showed significant differences at the 1% level (Table A-1). Based on Duncan test, the highest weight of fruit in the Yazd belonged to Gharch Shahvar Yazdi cultivar (216 g), followed by Dane Siah Esfahan and Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi (215 g), while the lowest weight of fruit belonged to Shahvar Age Estahban cultivar (146 g), followed by Malas Save cultivar (162 g) (Diagram 1-4).
Figure (1-4): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on weight of fruit in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (2-4): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on weight of fruit in Yazdpomegranates
According to the results, Mehriz had the greatest impact on fruit weight. In addition, in the Mehriz, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi cultivar had the highest weight, while the Shahvar Age Estahban cultivar had the lowest weight in Yazd.
Fruit length
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit length in the treatment of effect of type of cultivar showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table B- 2). Based on Duncan test, the highest length of fruit in the Yazd belonged to Dane Siah Esfahan cultivar (84 mm), while the lowest fruit length belonged to Shahvar Age Estahban cultivar (Diagram 4-3).
Figure (4-3): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on length of fruit in Yazdpomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit length in the treatment of effect of type of cultivar showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table 8). Based on Duncan test, the highest length of fruit was obtained in the Malas Yazdi cultivar (86 mm), while the lowest fruit length was obtained in the Pust Ghermez Esfahan cultivar (63 mm) (Diagram 4-4).
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81.65 70.8 32.75 45.17 76.35 57.18 84 77.5 40.68 50.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90M alas YazdiM alas Dane Ghermez Yazd Shahvar Age Est ahban M alas Pishva Varanin
Zagh Yazdi Pust
Ghermez Esfahan Dane Siah Esfahan Gharch Shahvar Yazdi
Figure (4-4): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on length of fruit in Mehrizpomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit length in the treatment of effect of type of cultivar showed significant difference at the 1% level. Based on Duncan test, the highest length of fruit was found in Mehriz in Malas Yazdi cultivar (84 mm), while the lowest fruit length was found in Yazd, belonged to Shahvar Age Estahban.
According to the results, it can be said that fruit length is mainly a genetic trait that is not affected by location and other factors, and cultivar has the highest impact on fruit length so that Dane Siah Esfahan cultivar had the highest length compared with other cultivars.
Fruit diameter
Results of variance analysis showed that fruit diameter in the cultivar treatment showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table 4). Based on Duncan test, the highest fruit diameter in the Yazd was found in the Gharch Shahvar Yazdi cultivar (50 mm), followed by Dane Siah Esfahan (50 mm), Malas Save (50 mm), Tabolarze Abanmahi (56 mm), and Shahvar Age Estahban (57 mm) (Diagram 4-5).
Figure (4-5): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on fruit diameter in Yazdpomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit diameter in the cultivar treatment showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table 10). Based on Duncan test, the highest diameter of fruit in Mehriz was found in the cultivars of Malas Pishva Varamin (77 mm) and Malas Yazdi (71 mm), while the lowest fruit diameter was found in cultivars of Dane Siah Esfahan (30 mm) and Pust Ghermez Esfahan (48 mm) (Diagram 6-4).
Figure (4-6): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on fruit diameter in Mehriz pomegranates
According to the results, cultivar treatment showed significance difference at the 1% level, affected by location and other factors, and cultivar has the highest impact on fruit length so that Dane Siah Esfahan cultivar had the highest length compared with other cultivars. Based on Duncan test, the highest fruit diameter belonged to Mehriz cultivar in which MALAS Pishva Varamin cultivar has the highest fruit diameter among the studied cultivars and other cultivars has equal diameter.
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit color in the treatment cultivar showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table 5). Based on Duncan test, the highest fruit color in the Yazd was found in the Malas Save cultivar (3.45) and Siah Dane Esfahan cultivar (3.44), while the lowest fruit color was found in the Zagh Yazdi (2.4) and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi (2.4) (Diagram 4-7).
Figure (4-7): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on fruit color in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit color in the treatment cultivar showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table 11). Based on Duncan test, the highest fruit color in the Mehriz was found in the Malas Yazdi cultivar (3.59) and Zagh Yazdi had the lowest fruit color (2.2) (Diagram 4-8).
Figure (4-8): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on fruit color in Mehriz pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit color in the treatment cultivar showed significant difference at the 1% level. Based on Duncan test, the highest fruit color in the Mehriz was found in the Malas Yazdi cultivar and Zagh Yazdi had the lowest fruit color.
Skin weight
Based on results of variance analysis, fruit color in the treatment cultivar showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table 5). Based on Duncan test, the highest fruit color in the Yazd was found in the Malas Save cultivar (3.45) and Siah Dane Esfahan cultivar (3.44), while the lowest fruit color was found in the Zagh Yazdi (2.4) and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi (2.4) (Diagram 4-9).
Figure (4-9): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on skin weight in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, the effect of cultivar treatment on skin weight trait showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table 8). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the cultivars of
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M alas Yazdi M alas Dane Ghermez
Yazd
Shahvar Age Estahban
M alas Pishva Varanin
Zagh Yazdi Pust
Ghermez Esfahan
Dane Siah Esfahan
Gharch Shahvar
Yazdi
M alas Save Tabolarze
Abanmahi
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Tabolarze Abanmahi (4.5 g), Pust Ghermez Esfahan (1.4), and Dane Siah Esfahan (4 g) had the highest skin weight, while the Malas Dane Ghermez cultivar had the lowest skin weight (2.1 g) (Diagram 4-10).
Figure (4-10): comparison of mean of cultivar effect on skin weight in Mehriz pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, the effect of cultivar on skin weight trait showed significant difference at the 1% level (Table 8). Based on Duncan test, the highest skin weight was found in Mehriz and the lowest skin weight was found in Yazd so that Tabolarze Abanmahi, Pust Ghermez Esfahan and Dane Siah Esfahan had the highest skin weight, while the cultivars of Malas Pishva Varamin and Pust Ghermez Esfahan had the lowest skin weight.
Skin thickness
Based on results of variance analysis, the effect of cultivar treatment on skin thickness had the significance difference at the 1% level (Table 5). Based on Duncan test, in the Yazd, the cultivars of Malas Yazdi (4.48) and Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi (3.88) had the highest skin thickness, while the cultivars of Dane Siah Esfahan (3.75) and Malas Pishva Varamin (3.88) had the lowest skin thickness Diagram (4-11).
Figure (4-11): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on skin thickness in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, the effect of cultivar had the significance difference at the 1% level on skin thickness (Table 11). The highest skin thickness in Mehriz belonged to cultivars of Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi and Shahvar Age Estahban, and the lowest skin thickness was found in cultivars of Tabolarze Abanmahi and Pust Ghermez Esfahan (4-12).
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3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 M alas Yazdi Shahvar Age Estahban M alas Pishva VaraninZagh Yazdi Pust
Ghermez Esfahan Dane Siah Esfahan Gharch Shahvar Yazdi
Figure (4-12): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on skin thickness in Mehriz pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, the effect of place and cultivar treatment on skin thickness showed significant difference at the 1% level. Based on Duncan test, the highest skin weight was found in Yazd and the lowest skin weight was found in Mehriz.
Seed color
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference at the 1% level between studied cultivars in terms of seed color (Table 5). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest seed color was found in cultivars of Dane Siah Esfahan (4.56) and Malas Save (4.5), and the lowest seed color was found in cultivars of Malas Yazdi (3.86) and Zagh Yazdi (3.96) (Diagram 4-13).
Figure (4-13): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on seed color trait in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (4-14): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on seed color trait in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference at the 1% level between studied cultivars in terms of seed color (Table 11). The highest seed color was found in Yazd in the cultivars of Dane Siah Esfahan, Malas Yazdi, and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, and the lowest seed color was found in Mehriz in cultivars of Malas Pishva Varamin and Tabolarze Abanmahi.
Number of seed in fruit
Based on results of variance analysis, significant difference was found at the 1% level between studied cultivars in terms of number of seed in fruit (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest number of seed in fruit was found in cultivars of Gharch Shahvar Yazdi (571 seeds) and Zagh Yazdi (560), and the lowest number seed in fruit was found in cultivars of Tabolarze Abanmahi (375) (Diagram 4-15).
Figure (4-15): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on number of seed in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, significant difference was found at the 1% level between studied cultivars in terms of number of seed in fruit (Table 8). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the highest number of seed in fruit was found in cultivars of Gharch Shahvar Yazdi (600 seeds) and Malas Save (550 seeds), and the lowest number of seed in fruit was found in cultivars of Dane Siah Esfahan and Zagh Yazdi (400 seeds) (Diagram 4-16).
Figure (4-16): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on number of seed in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed significant difference at the 1% level between studied cultivars in terms of number of seed in fruit (Table 8).
Based on Duncan test, the highest number of seed was found in Mehriz in cultivars of Gharch Shahvar Yazdi and Malas Save and Tabolarze Abanmahi, and the lowest number of seed was found in Yazd in cultivars of Tabolarze Abanmahi.
Seed weight
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 M alas Yazdi Shahvar Age Estahban M alas Pishva VaraninZagh Yazdi Pust
Ghermez Esfahan Dane Siah Esfahan Gharch Shahvar Yazdi
M alas Save Tabolarze Abanmahi
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M alas YazdiM alas Dane Ghermez Yazd Shahvar Age Estahban M alas Pishva Varanin
Zagh Yazdi Pust
Ghermez Esfahan Dane Siah Esfahan Gharch Shahvar Yazdi
M alas Sa ve Tabolarze
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on seed weight (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest seed weight was found in cultivars of Gharch Shahvar Yazdi (210.051 g) and Dane Siah Esfahan (206.65 g), and the lowest seed weight was found in cultivars of Malas Yazdi (90.33 g) and Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi (165.75 g) (Diagram 4-17).
Figure (4-17): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on seed weight in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on seed weight (Table 8). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the highest seed weight was found in cultivars of Malas Dane Ghermez (195.3 g), Malas Save (192.3 g) and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi (195.5 g), and the lowest seed weight was found in cultivars of Dane Siah Esfahan (166.2 g) and Pust Ghermez Esfahan (163.1 g) (Diagram 4-18).
Figure (4-18): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on seed weight in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on seed weight. Based on Duncan test, the highest seed weight was found in Yazd in cultivars of Gharch Shahvar Yazdi and Dane Siah Esfahan, and the lowest seed weight was found in Mehriz in cultivars of Dane Siah Esfahan and Pust Ghermez Esfahan.
Bud emergence date
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on bud emergence date (Table 3). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, bud emergence date were later in cultivars of Shahvar Age Estahban, Malas Pishva Varamin, and Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi than other cultivars (Diagram 4-19).
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0 50 100 150 200 250M alas YazdiM alas Dane Ghermez Yazd Shahvar Age Estahban M alas Pishva Varanin
Zagh Yazdi Pust
Ghermez Esfahan Dane Siah Esfahan Gharch Shahvar Yazdi
Figure (4-19): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on bud emergence date in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on bud emergence date (Table 9). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, bud emergence date were later in cultivars of Shahvar Age Estahban, Malas Pishva Varamin, and Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi than other cultivars (Diagram 4-20).
Figure (4-20): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on bud emergence date in Mehriz pomegranates Leaf length
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on leaf length (Table 4). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest level of leaf length was found in cultivars of Tabolarze Abanmahi (3.9 mm) and Zagh Yazdi (3.5 mm), and the lowest level of leaf length was found in cultivars of Dane Siah Esfahan (2.3 mm) and Pust Ghermez Esfahan (2.9 mm) (Diagram 4-21).
Figure (4-21): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on leaf length in Yazd pomegranates
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M alas YazdiM alas Dane Ghermez Yazd Shahvar Age Estahban M alas Pishva Varanin Zagh Yazdi Pust Ghermez EsfahanDane Siah EsfahanGharch Shahvar Yazdi M alas Save Tabolarze Abanmahi
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Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on leaf length (Table 10). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the highest level of leaf length was found in cultivars of Malas Pishva Varamin (3.6 mm) and Shahvar Age Estahban (3.5 mm), and lowest level of leaf length was found in cultivar of Tabolarze Abanmahi (2.9 mm) (Diagram 4-22).
Figure (4-22): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on leaf length in Mehriz pomegranates
Result of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference at the 1% among the studied cultivars in terms of leaf length. Based on Duncan test the highest level of leaf length belonged to Mehriz found in cultivars of Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, and Shahvar Age Estahban and the lowest level of leaf length belonged to Yazd found in the Dane Siah Esfahan and Pust Ghermez Esfahan cultivars.
Leaf width
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on leaf width (Table 4). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest level of leaf width was found in cultivar of Zagh Yazdi (3.25 mm), and the lowest level of leaf width was found in cultivar Gharch Shahvar Yazdi n (1.75 mm) (Diagram 4-23).
Figure (4-23): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on leaf width in Yazd pomegranates
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Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on leaf width (Table 10). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the highest and the lowest level of leaf length were found in Shahvar Age Estahban and Tabolarze Abanmahi, respectively (Diagram 4-24).
Figure (4-24): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on leaf width in Mehriz pomegranates
Result of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference at the 1% among the studied cultivars in terms of leaf width. Based on Duncan test, the highest level of leaf length belonged to Yazd found in cultivar of Zagh Yazd, and the lowest level of leaf length belonged to Mehriz found in Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivar.
Chlorophyll intensity
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on chlorophyll intensity (Table 4). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest level of chlorophyll intensity was found in cultivar of Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, and Malas Save, and the lowest level of chlorophyll intensity was found in cultivars of Shahvar Age Estahban and Dane Siah Esfahan (Diagram 4-25).
Figure (4-25): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on chlorophyll intensity in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on chlorophyll intensity (Table 10). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the highest level of chlorophyll intensity was found in cultivar of Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, and Malas Save, and the lowest level of chlorophyll intensity was found in cultivar of Zagh Yazdi (Diagram 4-26).
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M alas YazdiM alas Dane Ghermez Yazd Shahvar Age Estahban M alas Pishva Varanin Zagh Yazdi Pust Ghermez EsfahanDane Siah EsfahanGharch Shahvar Yazdi M alas Save Tabolarze Abanmahi
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Figure (4-26): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on chlorophyll intensity in Mehriz pomegranates
Result of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference at the 1% among the studied cultivars in terms of leaf width. Based on Duncan test, the highest level of leaf length belonged to Mehriz found in cultivars Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, and the lowest level of chlorophyll intensity belonged to Yazd found Zagh Yazdi cultivar.
Growth and development rate Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on growth and development rate (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest level of growth and development rate was found in cultivars of Tabolarze Esfahani, Malas Yazdi, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, and the lowest level of growth and development rate was found in cultivar of Shahvar Age Estahban (Diagram 4-27).
Figure (4-27): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on growth and development rate in Yazd pomegranates Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on growth and development rate (Table 8).
Figure (4-28): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on growth and development rate in Mehriz pomegranates Result of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at significance level of 1% in terms of growth and development rate. Based on Duncan test, the highest growth and development rate belonged to Mehriz found in cultivars of Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, and Tabolarze Abanmahi, and the lowest growth and development rate belonged to Yazd found in Shahvar Age Estahban cultivar.
Number of flowers on tree
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on number of flowers on tree (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest number of flowers on tree was found in cultivars of Malas Yazdi (48 flowers) and Malas Save (46 flowers) and lowest number of flowers on tree was found in Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivar (Diagram 4-29).
Figure (4-30): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on number of flowers on tree in Mehriz pomegranates Result of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at significance level of 1% in terms of number of flowers on tree. Based on Duncan test, the highest number of flowers on tree rate belonged to Yazd found in cultivars of Malas Yazdi and Malas Save and the lowest number of flowers on tree belonged to Mehriz found in Zagh Yazdi cultivar.
Fruit crown length
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on fruit crown length (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest fruit crown length was found in cultivars of Shahvar Age Estahban (2 mm) and the lowest fruit crown length was found in Gharch Shahvar Yazdi and Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi (1.25 mm) (Diagram 4-31).
Figure (4-31): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on fruit crown length in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (4-32): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on fruit crown length in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of fruit crown length (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest fruit crown length belonged to Yazd found in Shahvar Age Estahban cultivar and the lowest fruit crown length belonged to Mehriz found in Pust Ghermez Esfahan and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars (Diagram 4-33).
Amount of leaf production
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on fruit crown length (Table 4). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the highest amount of leaf production was found in cultivars of Malas Yazdi and Pust Ghermez Esfahan and the lowest amount of leaf production was found in Zagh Yazdi cultivar (Diagram 4-33).
Figure (4-33): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on amount of leaf production in Mehriz pomegranates Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of amount of leaf production. Based on Duncan test, the highest amount of leaf production belonged to Mehriz found in Dane Siah Esfahan and Tabolarze Abanmahi and the lowest amount of leaf production belonged to Yazd found in Zagh Yazdi.
Node distance
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on node distance (Table 3). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest node distance was found in Malas Save cultivar (3 cm) and the lowest node distance was found in Gharch Shahvar Yazd and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars (2 cm) (Diagram 4-35).
Figure (4-35): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on node distance in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (4-36): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on node distance in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of node distance.
Based on Duncan test, the highest node distance belonged to Mehriz found in Gharch Shahvar Yazd, Tabolarze Abanmahi, and Dane Siah Esfahan cultivars and the lowest node distance belonged to Yazd found in Gharch Shahvar Yazd and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars.
Amount of thorn on branch
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on amount of thorn on branch (Table 1).
Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest amount of thorn on branch was found in Dane Siah Esfahan cultivar and the lowest amount of thorn on branch was found in Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, and Malas Save cultivars ( Diagram 4-37).
Figure (4-37): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on amount of thorn on branch in Yazd pomegranates Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on amount of thorn on branch (Table 7).
Figure (4-38): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on amount of thorn on branch in Mehriz pomegranates Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of amount of thorn on branch. Based on Duncan test, the highest amount of thorn on branch belonged to Yazd found in Dane Siah Esfahan cultivar and the lowest amount of thorn on branch belonged to Mehriz found in Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez and Malas Save cultivars.
Number of buds on tree
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on number of buds on tree (Table 1). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest number of buds on tree was found in Malas Yazdi (57 buds) and Pust Ghermez Esfahan (54 buds) and the lowest number of buds on tree was found in Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivar ( Diagram 4-39).
Figure (4-40): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on number of buds on tree in Mehriz pomegranates Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of number of buds on tree. Based on Duncan test, the highest number of buds on tree belonged to Yazd found in Malas Yazdi and Pust Ghermez Esfahan and the lowest number of buds on tree belonged to Mehriz found in Zagh Yazdi and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars.
Number of flower on branch
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on number of flower on branch (Table 4). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest number of flower on branch was found in Malas Save and Shahvar Age Estahban (17 flowers) and the lowest number of flower on branch was found in Pust Ghermez Esfahan (6 flowers) and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivar (9 flowers) (Diagram 4-41).
Figure (4-42): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on number of flower on branch in Mehriz pomegranates Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of number of flower on branch. Based on Duncan test, the highest number of flower on branch belonged to Yazd found in Malas Save and Shahvar Age Estahban cultivars and the lowest number of flower on branch belonged to Mehriz found in Gharch Shahvar Yazdi cultivar.
Amount of leaf loss
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on amount of leaf loss (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest amount of leaf loss was found in Malas Save and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi) and the lowest amount of leaf loss was found in Malas Yazdi and Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi cultivars (Diagram 4-43).
Figure (4-43): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on amount of leaf loss in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (4-44): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on amount of leaf loss in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of amount of leaf loss. Based on Duncan test, the highest amount of leaf loss belonged to Yazd found in Malas Save and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi cultivars and the lowest amount of leaf loss belonged to Mehriz found in Dane Siah Esfahan and Shahvar Age Estahban.
Number of fruit on branch
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on number of fruit on branch (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest number of fruit on branch was in Shahvar Age Estahban and Zagh Yazdi cultivars (9 fruits) and the lowest number of fruit on branch was found in Pust Ghermez Esfahan (Diagram 4-45).
Figure (4-46): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on number of fruit on branch in Mehriz pomegranates Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of number of fruit on branch. Based on Duncan test, the highest number of fruit on branch belonged to Mehriz found in Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, and Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi cultivars and the lowest number of fruit on branch belonged to Yazd found in Pust Ghermez Esfahan cultivar.
Flowering time
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on flowering time (Table 3). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the flowering time was earlier in Zagh Yazdi cultivar, while it was later in cultivars of Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Shahvar Age Estahban, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi (Diagram 4-48).
Figure (4-48): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on flowering time in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on flowering time (Table 9).
Figure (4-49): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on flowering time in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of flowering time. Based on Duncan test, the earliest flowering time belonged to Mehriz found in Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Shahvar Age Estahban, Zagh Yazdi, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, and Tabolarze Abanmahi. The latest flowering time belonged to Yazd found in Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Shahvar Age Estahban, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars.
Bud opening date
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on bud opening date (Table 9). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the bud opening date was earlier in Malas Yazdi, Zagh Yazdi, and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, while was later in Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars (Diagram 4-50).
Figure (4-50): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on bud opening date in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (4-51): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on bud opening date in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of bud opening date. Based on Duncan test, the earliest bud opening date belonged to Yazd cultivars found in Zagh Yazdi and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars, and the latest bud opening belonged to Mehriz cultivars found in Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Shahvar Age Estahban, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars.
Amount of suckers
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on amount of suckers (Table 4). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the amount of suckers was high in Shahvar Age Estahban, Zagh Yazdi, and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars, and the amount of suckers was low in Malas Yazdi cultivar (Diagram 4-52).
Figure (4-52): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on amount of suckers in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (4-53): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on amount of suckers in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of amount of suckers. Based on Duncan test, the highest amount of suckers belonged to Yazd found in Zagh Yazd cultivar, while the lowest amount of suckers belonged to Mehriz found in Malas Yazdi cultivar.
Fruit ripening time
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on fruit ripening time (Table 1). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the fruit ripening time was earlier in Malas Yazdi, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars, and the fruit ripening time was later in Dane Siah Esfahan and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi cultivars (Diagram 4-54).
Figure (4-54): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on fruit ripening time in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (4-55): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on fruit ripening time in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of fruit ripening time. Based on Duncan test, the the earliest fruit ripening time belonged to Yazd found in Malas Yazdi, Zagh Yazdi, Malas Save, and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars and the latest fruit ripening time belonged to Mehriz in Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Malas Pishva Varamin, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi cultivars.
Fruit harvesting time
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on fruit harvesting time (Table 1). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the harvesting time time was earlier in Malas Yazdi, Zagh Yazdi, and Malas Save cultivars, and the fruit harvesting time was later in Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Dane Siah Esfahan, and Gharch Shahvar Yazdi cultivars (Diagram 4-56).
Figure (4-56): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on fruit harvesting time in Yazd pomegranates
Figure (4-57): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on fruit harvesting time in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of fruit harvesting time.
Based on Duncan test, the the earliest fruit harvesting time belonged to Yazd in Malas Yazdi, Zagh Yazdi, and Malas Save cultivars and the latest fruit harvesting time belonged to Mehriz in Malas Pishva Varamin, and Dane Siah Esfahan cultivars.
Extract weight
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on extract weight (Table 2).
Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the highest extract weight was found in Tabolarze Abanmahi (149.75 g) and Malas Save (134.75 g) and the lowest extract weight was found in Zagh Yazdi (44.48 g) (Diagram 4-58).
Figure (4-58): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on extract weight in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on extract weight (Table 8).
Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the highest extract weight was found in Dane Siah Esfahan and Pust Ghermez Esfahan (80 g), Zagh Yazdi (78.1), Shahvar Age Estahban (77.95) and the lowest extract weight was found Gharch Shahvar Yazdi (50.99 g) (Diagram 4-59).
Figure (4-59): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on extract weight in Mehriz pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on performance level (Table 2). Based on Duncan test, in Yazd, the performance level was high in Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, and Tabolarze Abanmahi and it was low in Shahvar Age Estahban and Malas Pishva Varamin cultivars (Diagram 4-60).
Figure (4-60): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on performance level in Yazd pomegranates
Based on results of variance analysis, cultivar effect treatment had significant difference at the 1% level on performance level (Table 9). Based on Duncan test, in Mehriz, the performance level was high in Shahvar Age Estahban, while it was low in Pust Ghermez Esfahan and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars (Diagram 4-61).
Figure (4-61): comparison of the mean of cultivar effect on performance level in Mehriz pomegranates
Results of variance analysis showed that there is significant difference among studied cultivars at the 1% level in terms of performance level. Based on Duncan test, the highest performance level belonged to Yazd in Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Pust Ghermez Esfahan, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars, and the lowest performance level belonged to Mehriz in Pust Ghermez Esfahan and Tabolarze Abanmahi cultivars
According to conducted experiments, significant difference at the 1% level was found in traits of fruit weight, number of seed, total weight of seed in fruit, total weight of skin, fruit juice volume, seed size, skin thickness, fruit crown
length, fruit throat diameter, seen length, seed diameter among the studied cultivars. In addition, the ratio of length to diameter of seed and weight of single seed had significant difference at the 5% level. Skin percentage and seed percentage did not have significant difference among the studied cultivar (Mousavi Nejad et al, 2009).
fruit with various sunburn has lower level of active phenolic and oxidant compared with undamaged fruit (Sairam et al, 2009). According to conducted studies, pomegranates planted at a distance of 200 meters of sea in Sanghan region had red skin and high quality fruits, while these cultivars planted in Caspian Sea coasts, had white color skin and their weight did not exceed over 300 g. The quantitative and qualitative state of fruits, especially skin color and fruit weight are highly influenced by height above the sea and high or low height has had impact on skin (Behzadi and Shahrbabaki, 2010). Studies conducted by Zarban et al (2007) showed significant correlation phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The study conducted on quantitative and qualitative traits of 24 pomegranate genotypes, it was shown that majority of traits related to fruit extract, and seed and core traits. Varaste et al (2008) showed that in there is correlation between solid solutions and titratable acidity to determine harvest time of fruit in Malas Save cultivar. In this cultivar, the amount of solid solution is 18% at the stage of fruit ripening. Fadavi et al evaluated the content of total fat and fatty acids of 24 cultivars of Iranian pomegranates. Yazd has been located 1240 m above sea and it has hot and dry summers and cold and dry winters and Mehriz has been located 1450 m above sea and it has cold and dry climate, but its humidity is higher than Yazd. Based on results, due to higher humidity fluctuations in Mehriz than Yazd, the percentage of sunburn, rottenness, and cracking of pomegranate cultivars planted in Mehriz are higher than same cultivars planted in Yazd, affected the quantitative and qualitative traits of pomegranate. As said before, climate and weather conditions have impact on increased or reduced humidity. It is noteworthy that various cultivars of pomegranate planted in same climate by same agricultural operating procedures, they show great variations in fruit weight to skin, core with trash or number of seed, skin weight and skin thickness with each other. It is certainly due to genetic traits of these cultivars. In traits of ten Yazd cultivars (Malas
Yazdi, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Malas Save, Tabolarze Abanmahi), fruit ripening, fruit harvest, skin thickness, seed color, seed weight, fruit crown length, leaf width, amount of thorn on branch, the number of bud on branch, the number of bud on tree, bud opening, performance, bud emergence date, and flowers loss were higher. However, in Mehriz, the traits of ten cultivars (Malas Yazdi, Malas Dane Ghermez Yazdi, Shahvar Age Estahban, Zagh Yazdi, Pust Ghermez Yazdi, Dane Siah Esfahan, Gharch Shahvar Yazdi, Malas Save, Tabolarze Abanmahi), fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, skin weight, the number of seed, chlorophyll intensity, growth and development, the number of flower on tree, leaf production, node distance, and the number of fruit on branch were high.
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5. Agricultural Information Technology Office, 2010, Agricultural statistics, First table of agricultural products, crop year of 2008-2009, Publication of the Ministry of Agriculture, Planning and Economic Deputy, Statistics and Technology and Information Office, p. 114
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