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José Carlos Pansonato Alves, Luiz Ricardo de Souza Paiva, Claudio Oliveira and Fausto Foresti

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Fig. 1. Partial map of South America showing the Characidium species collection sites
Table 1. Specimens of Characidium analyzed in this study. LBP = catalog number of vouchers; F = female; M = male; SP = São Paulo State; MG = Minas Gerais State; PR = Paraná State.
Fig. 3. Karyotypes of female specimens of Characidium pterostictum from Apiaí, SP, after conventional Giemsa staining (a) and C-banding (b)
Fig. 6. Z an W sex chromosomes of the Characidium species analyzed in this study, after C-banding (first row) and silver nitrate staining (second row)

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