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Classificação e
Diagnóstico de Ectasias
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Renato Ambrósio Jr, MD, PhD
Guillermo Coca Velarde, DSc
Marcella Salomão, MD
Frederico Guerra, MD
Bruno F. Valbon, MD
Rosane Correa, MD
Ana Laura C. Canedo, MD
Isaac Ramos, MD
Rodrigo T. Santos, MD
Renata S. Siqueira, MD
Diogo L. Caldas, MD
Allan Luz, MD
Leonardo Pimentel, MD
Bruno M. Fontes, MD
Renato Ambrósio Jr, MD, PhD
João Marcelo Lyra, MD, PhD
Isaac Ramos, MD
Allan Luz, MD
Marcella Salomão, MD
Frederico Guerra, MD
Aydano P. Machado, PhD
Alagoas Federal
University
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O que é Ectasia?
Doença corneana relativamente comum que
cursa com afinamento e protrusão
Como
Diagnosticar?
Classificação das
Ectasias
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Como Diagnosticar Ectasia?
História clínica
Exame oftalmológico completo
O diagnóstico e o acompanhamento necessitam
de exames específicos:
Topografia corneana
Tomografia corneana
Avaliação biomecânica da córnea
Wavefront
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Topografia Corneana
Do Grego τόπος (topos), que significa “lugar”, e
γράφω (graphia), que significa “escrita”
Estuda a superficie anterior da córnea
Reflexão de Placido
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Do Grego τόμος (tomos), que significa “seção,
fatia”, e γράφω (graphia) que significa “escrita”
Estudo 3D da arquitetura corneana
(superfície anterior e posterior)
Scheimpflug
OCT
Very High Frequency US
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Biomecânica Corneana
Do Grego βίος “vida” e μηχανική “mecânica”
Compreensão do comportamento da córnea
Testes laboratoriais “in vitro”; medidas clínicas
Área muito ativa em pesquisa e desenvolvimento
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Wavefront Para Ceratocone
2010 PRÊMIO VARILUX (RBO, Ambrósio et al.)
Estudo Retrospectivo, incluindo 46 pacientes
Compara AV para longe corrigida com óculos atuais e a
refração manifesta facilitada pelo wavefront
Melhora estatisticamente significante da acuidade visual
corrigida (20/47 – 20/34)
Até 6 linhas (Tabela de Snellen)
28 pacientes (60%) tiveram alguma melhora
8 pacientes (17%) tiveram anisometropia significante
com impacto na prescrição dos óculos
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Como exames especiais podem ajudar?
Diagnóstico precoce e Classificação
Acompanhamento mais detalhado para detectar
progressão do ceratocone
Maior caracterização para melhorar o
tratamento
Wavefront ajuda na refração
Adaptação de Lentes de Contato
Lentes de Contato Personalizadas
Planejamento cirúrgico
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Ceratocone é uma doença progressiva
O diagnóstico é durante a puberdade; geralmente a
progressão para logo após os 30 anos.
O coçar dos olhos é relacionado com a progressão
Controle de alergias e orientação do paciente contra
coçar os olhos é fundamental.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZgbOYBUqG
Y
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Example of Susceptible Case for
developing ectasia
16 yo male, myopic astigmatism presented with
allergic conjunctivitis
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Example of Susceptible Case for
developing ectasia
16 yo male, myopic astigmatism presented with
allergic conjunctivitis
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Example: Natural Progression to Ectasia OS
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Example: Natural Progression to Ectasia OS
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Example: Natural Progression to Keratoconus OS
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So, we need “Definitions”…
What is Forme Fruste Keratoconus?
o
Incomplete or abortive form of keratoconus (Amsler)
Mark Amlser, MD
(1891 – 1968)
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Definitions
What is Forme Fruste Keratoconus?
o
Fellow eye with no clinical sings from patients with
very asymmetric (?unilateral?) keratoconus
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Definitions
What is Forme Fruste Keratoconus?
o
Fellow eye with no clinical sings from patients with
very asymmetric (?unilateral?) keratoconus
o
Incomplete or abortive form of keratoconus (Amsler)
o
Natural development of ectasia
o
Cases that develop ectasia after LASIK despite low risk
Age Eye Sph Cyl Axis
31.84932 L -5.75 -0.50 95
CCT=536µm
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FFKC is Ectasia Susceptibility
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What is Keratoconus Suspect on Corneal ToPography?
39 yo, female
Stable for >5 years
Normal Exam
BSCVA 20/20
o
Abnormal topographic pattern which is not definitive
for keratoconus criteria
FFKC may present with normal toPography
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FFKC ≠ KCS!
FFKC may present with normal toPography
KCS is related to abnormal toPography
Related to mild ectasia
May be related to stable corneas which can
benefit from LVC
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Stable LASIK on
Abnormal Topography Cases
51 years old female
MRx:
- 4.50 = -1.50 x 178, giving 20/20 OD
- 4.00 = -1.50 x 178, giving 20/20 OS
CCT= 586 / 580 µm
LASIK with Intralase (May/2008)
Flap Thickness=110µm
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Stable LASIK on
Abnormal Topography Cases
FU=2.4 years:
UCVA 20/20 OD / 20/40, J1
(partial mono OS)
CDVA: 20/15 OU
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Stable LASIK on
Abnormal Topography Cases
51 years old female with abnormal topography
LASIK with Intralase (May/2008) Flap Thick=110µm
FU=2.4 years:
UCVA 20/20 OD / 20/40, J1 (partial mono OS)
CDVA: 20/15 OU
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Stable LASIK on
Abnormal Topography Cases
51 years old female with abnormal topography
LASIK with Intralase (May/2008) Flap Thick=110µm
FU=2.4 years:
UCVA 20/20 OD / 20/40, J1 (partial mono OS)
CDVA: 20/15 OU
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FFKC ≠ KCS!
FFKC may present with normal toPography
KCS is related to abnormal toPography
Related to mild ectasia
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Oculus CorVis ST
Ultra High-Speed (UHS ST)
Scheimpflug Technology: 4,330
fotos /sec
8mm horizontal
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Combo
Combo 1=0.16
1=0.16
Combo
Combo 1=0.31
1=0.31
ABT with no Ectasia
x FFKC
Advanced Screening based on
ToMography and Biomechanics
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FFKC: Fellow Eye Study
Salomão et al. ASCRS 2011
23 FFKC cases (fellow eyes with normal Topography) x
23 KC cases x 174 normal controls
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0 20 40 60 80 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 100-Specificity S en si tiv ity BAD D: BAD Db: BAD Dy: BAD Df: BAD Dp: BAD Dt:
Results: Salomão (ASCRS 2011)
0 20 40 60 80 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 100-Specificity S en si tiv ity ART Avg.: ART Max.: Ele B BFS 8mm Thinnest: Ele B BFTE 8mm Thinnest: Pachy Min.:
RPI Max.:
23 FFKC cases (fellow eyes with normal Topography) x
23 KC cases x 174 normal controls
n=23 n=23 n=174
Best cut-off values:
BAD D: 1.27
ART-Ave: 512
ART-Max: 391
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The 2 cases with ART-Max of 440 and 481 had CH
and/or CRF lower than 8.8mmHg and low peaks on the
ORA waveform.
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Artificial Intelligence for Advanced Diagnosis
on Corneal Tomography
Joint work with “Instituto de Computação”
at UFAL (Universidade Federal de Alagoas*)
To develop na AI methods for identifying
ectasia susceptibility
11 eyes with ectasia after LASIK that had
documented Corneal Tomography
* Prof. Aydano P. Machado, PhD & J. M. Lyra, MD, PhD
183 Normal Eyes from
183 patients
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Radial Basis Function Networks
RBF8 0 20 40 60 80 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 100-Specificity S en si tiv ity Sensitivity: 100.0 Specificity: 100.0 Criterion : >0.0069
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Radial Basis Function Networks
11 ectasia cases x 268 cases that had stable LASIK
RBF8 0 20 40 60 80 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 100-Specificity S en si tiv ity Sensitivity: 100.0 Specificity: 97.4 Criterion : >0.2021
RBF8
0
20
40
60
80
100
100
80
60
40
20
0
100-Specificity
S
en
si
tiv
ity
Sensitivity: 100.0 Specificity: 97.4 Criterion : >0.2021R. Ambrósio Jr R. Ambrósio Jr & & Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Corneal Corneal Tomography Tomography and and Biomechanics Biomechanics Study Study GroupGroup
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“False” Pellucid Marginal Degeneration
But an Inferior Keratoconus
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Conclusões
Avanços na Propedêutica e Terpêutica
ToPografia com Placido não é o bastante para diferenciar
KCS e FFKC
Classificação das Ectasias: Ceratoglobo, Ceratocone, DMP
ectasias pós Cirurgias Refrativas (RK, PRK, LASIK)
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