Rio de Janeiro, v. 8. n. 2. Segundo Semestre de 2018
Justiça Eleitoral
EM DEBATE
ENTREVISTA ARTIGOS
Desembargador
CARLOS EDUARDO DA ROSA DA FONSECA PASSOS
Desembargador
CARLOS SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA
“Situações-problema de afronta à democracia:
pontos e contrapontos na garantia à democracia”
Humberto Dantas e Luna Blasco Soler Chino
“Direito à cidade, cidadania e globalização: o espaço da política como utopia experimental”
Cláudio Rezende Ribeiro
“Breves notas sobre alguns aspectos do sistema eleitoral português”
António José Fialho
“Iniquidade e terapia antineoplásica no SUS”
Considerações acerca da candidatura desvinculada de Partidos Políticos
ANDRÉ FONTES E VIVIANE PLEYZY
RESUMO
-/"0"+1"/1&$,,'"1&31/ĕ/ ,+0&!"/ĕŦ"0 "/ !-,00&&)&!!"Ѹ -"/+1",,/!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& ,-û1/&,Ѹ!" +!&!12/0!"03&+ 2)!0!"
/1&!,0,)ľ1& ,0ѷ&+!.2",/1ѷтхѸҦф٢Ѹ&+ &0,Ѹ!,+01&12&ĕý,!"- -Ɣ)& Ѹ-/"3"'Ѹ"5-/"00*"+1"Ѹ.2"ޖ)&ĕý,-/1&!û/&ğ2* ,+!&ĕý, de elegibilidade, percebe-se que a ideia de candidaturas independentes ga- +%#,/ĕ+,0"&,!0, &"!!"Ѹ*"!&+1"12) /&0"-,)ľ1& "!"/"-/"- 0"+11&3&!!"Ѹ"!"0 /"+ĕ+,0-,!"/"0 ,+01&12ľ!,0ѷ
Palavras-chave: +!&!12/032)00Ѻ,+!&ĕý,!"")"$&&)&!!"Ѻ21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)Ѻ/&0"!"/"-/"0"+11&3&!!"Ѻ/1!,0&+1"/+ &,+&0ѷ ABSTRACT
%&0 /1& )" ),,(0 1, 1(" ,+ ,+0&!"/1&,+0 /,2+! 1%" -,00&&)&16 ,#
2+Ȅ&)&1"! -,)&1& ) +!&! &"0 #/,* -,)&1& ) -/1&"0Ѹ ,/!&+$ 1, 1%"
/7&)&+)"$)0601"*ѷ)1%,2$% )20",#1%"1%&/!-/$/-%&+/1& )"тх ,#1%"/7&)&+,+01&121&,+ )"/)6011"01%1-/16Ȅ&)&1&,+&0 ,+!&1&,+
,#")&$&&)&16Ѹ&1&0 )"/1%11%" ,+ "-1,#&+!"-"+!"+1 +!&! &"0$/,40 01/,+$"/11%"%"/1,#/7&)&+0, &"16Ѹ# "!61%" 2//"+1-,)&1& )+!
/"-/"0"+11&,+ /&0"0Ѹ+!61%"!&0")&"#&+1%" ,+01&121"!21%,/&1&"0ѷ Keywords:+!"-"+!"+1+!&! &"0Ѻ,+!&1&,+0,#)&$&&)&16Ѻ,+01&121&,+) 211&,+Ѻ"-/"0"+11&,+ /&0&0Ѻ+1"/+1&,+)/"1&"0ѷ
Sobre os autores:
André R. C. Fontesǽ,21,/"*&/"&1,&3&)-")+&3"/0&!!"!,01!,!,&,!"+"&/,ȔǾ ,*"01ç$&,-Ń0Ȓ!,21,/)+
+&3"/0&!!" "!"/)!"+11/&+Ȕ Ǿ/,#"00,/++&3"/0&!!" "!"/)!,01!,!,&,!"+"&/,Ȕ+&Ȓ&,""0"*- bargador no Tribunal Regional Federal da 2ª Região (Rio de Janeiro E Espírito Santo). Atuou, ainda, como Relator do Recurso nº
1655-68, que deu origem ao ARE nº 1054490, por ocasião de seu mandato como Desembargador Eleitoral.
Viviane Pleyzyǽ"01/""*&/"&1,,+01&12 &,+)-")+&3"/0&!!"!",&*/ǽ0-" &)&01"*&/"&1,,+01&12 &,+)-") +&3"/0&!!"01ç &,!"çǽ0-" &)&01"*&/"&1,)"&1,/)-")+&3"/0&!!"è+!&!,"+!"0ǽ00"00,/'2/ģ!& !,/&2+)
Regional Federal do Estado da 2ª Região.
NÃO APLICABILIDADE DO FENÔMENO DA MUTAÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL
#"+ť*"+,!*21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)!3ğ*!+" "00&!!"!""5&01Ġ+ &!"*" +&0*,0.2"-/,-& &"*
,+01+1"!-1ĕý,!,+01&12&ĕý,ú01/+0#,/*ĕŦ"00, &&0Ѹ-,)ľ1& 0"" ,+ť*& 0!0, &"!!"ѷ
,+01&12&ĕý,Ѹ ,*,/"#)"5,!0!" &0Ŧ"0#2+!*"+1&0!"2*01!,Ѹ!"3"0"!-1/ú0"3,)2ĕŦ"05&,)Ť-
$& 0!-/Ť-/&0, &"!!"Ѹ.2""01û"* ,+01+1""3,)2ĕý,ѷ&*21&)&!!"Ѹ,"+$"00*"+1,Ѹ,2Ѹ ,*,)$2+0 -/"#"/"*!"+,*&+/Ѹ#,00&)&7ĕý,+ý,ğ!"0"'û3")ѷ0-)3/0!"!&**Ġ$,2),0Ѹ0,+01&12&ĕŦ"0!,0 01!,00ý,҄,/$+&0*,03&3,0Ѹ"*ľ+1&*,!&)ğ1& , ,*,*"&, &/ 2+!+1"Ѹ ,*0#,/ĕ0-/"0"+1"0+0, &"!-
!"҅ѷҙѸ!&**Ġ$,Ѹ21ĕý,,+01&12 &,+)Ѹý,2),ѹ/&3ѸтъъшѸ-ѷтҌуҚ
0*21ĕŦ"0 ,+01&12 &,+&00ý,Ѹ-,/1+1,Ѹ*" +&0*,0&+#,/*&0!")1"/ĕý,!,+01&12&ĕý,.2"*,!&#&- cam o seu sentido e alcance, sem alteração do seu texto.
00&*Ѹ,#"+ť*"+,"*.2"01ý,ğ&+#)2"+ &!,!&/"1*"+1"-,/0-" 1,00, &,)Ť$& ,0Ѹ2*3"7.2"0ý,0*2-
!+ĕ0#û1& 0!"2*0, &"!!".2"&*-Ŧ"*2*/")"&12/!0+,/*0#2+!*"+1&0ѷý,-,/,21/,*,1&3,Ѹ%û 21,/"0ҙ"!/,"+7Ѹ2ľ0,"/1,//,0,Ѹ-ѷ"5ѷҚ.2"-,+1*.2"1&0*2!+ĕ0&+#,/*&00ý,*+&#"01ĕŦ"0
!"2*"0-ğ &"+ý,,/$+&7!!"-,!"/ ,+01&12&+1"Ѹ!"+,*&+!,!"-,!"/ ,+01&12&+1"!,ѷ
,/ğ*Ѹ+,*"2"+1"+!"/Ѹ,#"+ť*"+,!*21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)+ý,-,!"/0"/-)& !,,'"1&3+!,&+- 0"/ĕý,+,,/!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& ,-û1/&,!0 +!&!12/021ť+,*0Ѹ-,/.2"&*/& !, ,*01/+0#,/*ĕŦ"0 0, &&0+,0"&,!"2*0, &"!!"Ѹ,#"+ť*"+,"*1")"5&$"!"*,+01/ĕý,!"20,0" ,012*"0 ,+01&12 &,+&0ѷ
020,0" ,012*"0/"#"/"*Ҍ0"-/û1& 0 ,+02"12!&+û/&0-/,*+!0!"2* ,*-,/1*"+1,Ѹ0, ,+3& - ĕý,!",*"0*, ,//"0-,+!"/2*+" "00&!!"'2/ľ!& ѷ
Ora, não há costume sedimentado no seio de nossa sociedade que permita concluir pela existência de uma -/û1& //&$!!"-/1& &-ĕý,"*-)"&1,0")"&1,/&0!"03&+ 2)!0!"-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0Ѹ-"), ,+1/û/&,ѷ
"00"0-" 1,Ѹ&+0"/ĕý,!" +!&!12/032)00+,0&01"*'2/ľ!& ,-û1/&,*"!&+1"*21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,- +)&*-)& "*&+3"/0ý,)Ť$& !,-/Ť-/&,#"+ť*"+,Ѹ 2'#,+1"-/" ľ-20ý,01/+0#,/*ĕŦ"0, ,//&!0+,0"&, de uma sociedade e não a imposição de uma prática constitucional por via jurisdicional.
ý,0"-,!"Ѹ&+!Ѹ,)3&!/.2"%û,#"+ť*"+,!*21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)1/3ğ0!&+1"/-/"1ĕý,ѷ
] "/1,.2"-00*,0-,/2**,*"+1,!"-/,#2+! /&0"-,)ľ1& Ѹ!"/"-/"0"+11&3&!!"Ѹ!"!"0 /"+ĕ+,0 -,!"/"0 ,+01&12ľ!,0"!"023"/0ý,!!"*, / &-/1&!û/&ѷ
+1/"1+1,Ѹ0,)2ĕý,-/,"01!,"+!Ġ*& ,!" /&0"-,)ľ1& +ý,-00-"),#"+ť*"+,!*21ĕý, ,+01&12- &,+)Ѹ+023"/1"+1"&+1"/-/"11&3ѷ-,&00*21ĕŦ"0 ,+01&12 &,+&0-,002"*)&*&1"0Ѹ.2&00"'*ѹ+ý,-,!"*
&*-)& /"* ,+1/!&ĕý, ,*1"51,,2"0-ľ/&1, ,+01&12 &,+)"Ѹ&+!Ѹ+ý,-,!"*&*-)& /"*/"!2ĕý,!"#&- û &!"!&0-,0&1&3,0 ,+01&12 &,+&0Ѹ0,-"+!"0" ,+3)"0 "/"*"*3"/!!"&/0*21ĕŦ"0&+ ,+01&12 &,+&0
"00)&+%Ѹ)" &,++,1&)%,.2"0*21ĕŦ"0 ,+01&12 &,+&0+ý,-,!"* ,+1//&/,0-/&+ ľ-&,0"01/212- /&0ҙ-,)ľ1& ,0"'2/ľ!& ,0Қ! ,+01&12&ĕý,ѹ
/"'"&ĕý,!!*&00&&)&!!"!"*21ĕŦ"0 ,+01&12 &,+&0-,/3&&+1"/-/"11&3+ý,0&$+&#& .2).2"/
3)2*"+1"+!&*"+1,! ,+01&12&ĕý, ,*,2*1"51,"01û1& ,"/ľ$&!,Ѹ ,*-)"1*"+1"&+!&#"/"+1"ú0 )1"/ĕŦ"0!/")&!!" ,+01&12 &,+)ѷ"0""*,/,"5$"/,!#,/*2)ĕý,Ѹ%û)$2* ,&0!""5 - 1,+#&/*ĕý,!","4"+01"&+Ѹ.2+!,")" ,+0&!"/.2"2*҂ ,+01&12&ĕý,+ý,ğ'*&0&!Ġ+1& 0&
-/Ť-/&Ѹ"01+!, ,+01+1"*"+1"02*"1&!,-+1%/"&%"/ )&1&+,!"1,!,,0"/3&3,҃ѷ,!3&Ѹ2*
,&0ğ!*&1&/"*Ҍ0")1"/ĕŦ"0!,ü*&1,,2"0#"/!+,/*.2"&+!0"-,!"* ,+0&!"//020 "-- 1ľ3"&0!"0"/"*/+$&!0-"),-/,$/*+,/*1&3,ҙ,/*-/,$/**ҚѸ"Ѹ,21/ ,&0Ѹğ)"$&1&*/"*Ҍ0"
)1"/ĕŦ"0 ,+01&12 &,+&0.2"0"1/!27"*+"5&01Ġ+ &!"2*/")&!!" ,+01&12 &,+)&+ ,+01&12 &,- +)Ѹ,20"'Ѹ)1"/ĕŦ"0*+&#"01*"+1"&+ ,*-,/1û3"&0-"),-/,$/*!+,/* ,+01&12 &,+)ѷ*
,+01&12&ĕý,-,!"0"/#)"5ľ3")0"*!"&5/!"0"/#&/*"ѷ+" "00&!!"!"2*-"/*+"+1"!".2ĕý,
!&)ğ 1& "+1/",-/,$/*+,/*1&3,""0#"/+,/*1&3'201&#& /û "&1ĕý,!"1/+0&ĕŦ"0 ,+01&- tucionais que, embora traduzindo a mudança de sentido de algumas normas provocado pelo impacto
!"3,)2ĕý,!/")&!!" ,+01&12 &,+)Ѹ+ý, ,+1//&*,0-/&+ ľ-&,0"01/212/&0ҙ-,)ľ1& ,0"'2/ľ!& ,0Қ
! ,+01&12&ĕý,ѷ/" ,+%" &*"+1,!"010*21ĕŦ"0 ,+01&12 &,+&00&)"+ &,00ҙ01&))""/#002+$04- +!)2+$"+Қğ&+!2* 1,)"$ľ1&*,!"&+1"/-/"1ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)ѷ,/,21/0-)3/0.2" ,)%"*,0
"*ѷ1"/+ѹ*21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)!"3" ,+0&!"//Ҍ0"!*&00ľ3").2+!,0"/" ,+!272*-/,)"*
+ğ1& ѷҙѸѷѷѸ&/"&1,,+01&12 &,+)"",/&!,+01&12&ĕý,Ѹш٠!ѷѸ,&*/ѹ)*"-
!&+Ѹ-ѷтууъҚ
"00""&1,Ѹ,#"+ť*"+,!*21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)+ý,-,!"0"/-)& !,ú0 +!&!12/032)00Ѹ-,/.2"
implica na subversão da ordem constitucional estabelecida pelo poder constituinte originário.
"+!, ,*,+,/1",-/&+ ľ-&,!2+&!!"!,+01&12&ĕý,Ѹ.2""5&$"2*&+1"/-/"1ĕý,0&01"*û1& !"#,/*
"3&1/+1&+,*&0Ѹ ,+ )2&Ҍ0"Ѹ&+"3&13")*"+1"Ѹ.2",-ĕý,!,-,!"/ ,+01&12&+1",/&$&+û/&,#,&!"/"-/"0"+- 1ĕý,-,)ľ1& Ѹ1"+!, ,*,*"!&!,/"0,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0ѷ
],.2"!&0-Ŧ""5-/"00*"+1",/1ѷтхѸҦф٢Ѹ&+ &0,Ѹ! Ѹ,&*-,/ ,*, ,+!&ĕý,!"")"$&&)&!!"
#&)&ĕý,-/1&!û/&ѷ"00"-,+1,Ѹ,-,/12+,"0 )/" "/.2".2+!,"&2-/"*-/"3Ġ &!!+&",-)2/)&0*, -,)ľ1& , ,*,-/&+ ľ-&,0#2+!*"+1&0!,+,00,01!,"*, /û1& ,!"&/"&1,Ѹ+ý,%û.2).2"/+1&+,*&"*
/")ĕý,ú&+1"/-/"1ĕý,!!-"),01/&2+&0!"-/,&&ĕý,!" +!&!12/032)00Ѹ2*3"7.2" &!!+&", -)2/)&0*,-,)ľ1& ,0"/ý,"5"/ &!,0+,01"/*,0!-/Ť-/& ,+01&12&ĕý,Ѹ.2""5&$"-/,0.2")*"'**+!1,0 eletivos a mediação partidária.
ý,-,/,21/,*,1&3,"1"+1,0&*-,/1ü+ &!0$/"*&ĕŦ"0-/1&!û/&0Ѹ, ,+01&12&+1",/&$&+û/&,!"!& ,2 2* -ľ12),&+1"&/,02/"$2)*"+1ĕý,ѷ00&*Ѹ"*.2"-"0"ú ,+011ĕý,!".2"Ѹ+,,/!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& , -û1/&,Ѹ,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,00ý,-"00,0'2/ľ!& 0!"!&/"&1,-/&3!,Ѹ+ý,0"-,!"&$2)ûҌ),0ú00, &"!!"0"*- -/"0û/&0ѷ00,-,/.2"Ѹ&+!.2"!"1"+1,/"0!"-"/0,+)&!!"'2/ľ!& !"!&/"&1,-/&3!,Ѹ,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0 -,002"*-/,#2+!,/"$/*"+1, ,+01&12 &,+)")"$)Ѹ-,/!")"$ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)Ѹ!!02&*-,/1ü+ &-/
"5&01Ġ+ &!-/Ť-/&!"*, / &ѷ,/1)/7ý,Ѹ-/ ")!)&1"/12/"0-" &)&7!Ѹ&+ )20&3"/ѷ+,1&)%,Ѹ-/,-
#"00,/! 2)!!"!"&/"&1,!",&*/Ѹ"+1"+!".2",0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,00ý,00, &ĕŦ"0-/&3!0 ,*#2+- ĕŦ"0 ,+01&12 &,+&0ѷ
"/ !"00"+ &)&!!"!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0Ѹ!" &!&2,2-/"*,/&2+) "!"/)ѹ
%&01Ť/&!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0+,/0&)ğ &!"+1!Ѹ*/ !-,/0"3"/0/"01/&ĕŦ"0ú02,/$+&- 7ĕý,"#2+ &,+*"+1,Ѹ0,/"12!,+,0-"/ľ,!,0!&11,/&&0ѷ*/"ĕý,,-00!,Ѹ,+01&12&ĕý,!"
тъщщ,-1,2-,/2*!"0"+%,&+01&12 &,+).2"#,/1)" "2,0-/1&!,0ѷ"00)&+%Ѹ&+0 /"3"2,-)2/)&0*, -,)ľ1& , ,*,2*!,0#2+!*"+1,0!"-Ɣ)& ҙ/1ѷт٢ѸҚѸ00"$2/,2)&"/!!"!"00, &ĕý,ҙ/1ѷц٢Ѹ Қ" ,+0$/,2Ѹ"5-/"00*"+1"Ѹ)&3/" /&ĕý,!"-/1&!,0",-)2/&-/1&!/&0*,ҙ/1ѷтшҚѷ)ğ*!&00,Ѹ
"+#1&7+!,,--")-/,"*&+"+1"")"0/"0"/3!,Ѹ"5&$&2#&)&ĕý,-/1&!û/& ,*, ,+!&ĕý,!"")"$&-
&)&!!"!,0 +!&!1,0ҙ/1ѷтхѸҦф٢ѸҚѷҙуччсу ")1,/ҙҚѹѸ2)$*"+1,ѹсхҟтсҟуссшѸ
/$ý, 2)$!,/ѹ /&2+) )"+,Ѹ 2)& ĕý,ѹ "ҌтъшѸ тчҌтсҌуссщѸ тшҌтсҌуссщ ҌсуффшҌсуҌсстъсҚ
,/1+1,Ѹ+,12)"01û$&,!,+,00,01!,"*, /û1& ,!"&/"&1,Ѹ2* ,+011ĕý,0"&*-Ŧ"ѹ,0-/1&!,0 -,)ľ1& ,0!"1Ġ*,*,+,-Ť)&,!0 +!&!12/0ѷ
Nessa senda, a mutação constitucional nos casos de candidatura avulsa revelar-se-ia inconstitucional, uma vez que implica em contradição e subversão da ordem constitucional e legal estabelecida.
,!,,,/!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& ,-û1/&,"01û00"+1!,+*"!&ĕý,-/1&!û/&-/ +!&!12/ѷ#2+ &,+-
*"+1,!000"$&0)1&30Ѹ-,/"5"*-),Ѹ+,.2"1+$"ú#,/*ĕý,Ѹ ,*-,0&ĕý,"&+012/ĕý,!"0)"3"*
,+0&!"/ĕý,/"0-" 1&3/"-/"0"+11&3&!!"!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0ѷ
-/, "00,")"&1,/)ğ"01/212/!,!*"0*#,/*Ѹ2*3"7.2"ğ-/1&/!/"-/"0"+11&3&!!"-/1&!û/&
.2",0 +!&!1,01"/ý, "00,ú-/,-$+!")"&1,/)+"+,/û!&,Ѹ!&/"&1,ú-/1& &-ĕý,!"!"1"0Ѹ"!&/"&- 1,/" 2/0,0,/&2+!,0!,0#2+!,0-/1&!û/&,0ѷ
.2"0""01û!"*,+01//ğ.2"1,!,,/!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& ,"01û0"!,+"5&01Ġ+ &"*"!&ĕý,!,0-/- 1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0Ѹ,20"'Ѹ+,0"2--")-/&*,/!&)"#2+!*"+1)-/!"*, / &ѷ
"*&0!&00,Ѹ'2/&0!&ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)+ý,-,!"3&,)/,-/&+ ľ-&,!'201"7,2! ,+#,/*&!!" ,+01&- 12 &,+)ѷ)-/&+ ľ-&,Ѹ+0-)3/0!,/,#"00,/+,1&)%,Ѹ҄1"*"*3&01&*-"!&/Ѹ"*0"!"!" ,+ /"1&7ĕý,
! ,+01&12&ĕý,Ѹ)1"/ĕý,!/"-/1&ĕý,!"#2+ĕŦ"0 ,+01&12 &,+)*"+1""01")" &!ѷ0"2) + "-/&*"&/, ğ"01"ѹ,Ť/$ý,ҙ,2Ť/$ý,0Қ"+ //"$!,!&+1"/-/"1ĕý,!)"& ,+01&12 &,+)+ý,-,!" %"$/2*/"02)1!, .2"023"/1,2-"/12/","0.2"*,/$+&71Ť/&,Ҍ#2+ &,+) ,+01&12 &,+)*"+1""01")" &!,ҙ%*("Қѷ]2*
-/&+ ľ-&,&*-,/1+1",0"/3/-"),/&2+),+01&12 &,+)Ѹ+0020/")ĕŦ"0 ,*,)"$&0)!,/"$,3"/+,Ѹ"
-"),0Ť/$ý,0 ,+01&12 &,+&0+0/")ĕŦ"0 ,*,)"$&0)!,/"$,3"/+,Ѹ"-"),0Ť/$ý,0 ,+01&12 &,+&0+0/")ĕŦ"0 3"/1& &0!,-,!"/ҙ01!,ҟ/"$&Ŧ"0Ѹ01!,ҟ21/.2&0), &0Қѷ҅ҙѸѷѷѸ&/"&1,,+01&12 &,+)"
",/&!,+01&12&ĕý,Ѹш٠"!ѷѸ,&*/ѹ)*"!&+Ѹ-ѷтуухҌтууцҚ
,/1+1,Ѹ,#"+ť*"+,!*21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)+ý,-,!"0"/21&)&7!,-/&+0"/ĕý,!0 +!&!12/0+, ,/!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& ,-û1/&,ѷ
DA CRISE DE REPRESENTATIVIDADE
ý,0"-,!",)3&!/"5&01Ġ+ &!"!&3"/00 /ľ1& 0,*,!"),!"!"*, / &Ѹ-/1&!û/&3&$"+1"Ѹ0"/Ѹ 20Ġ+ &!"!"*, /1& &!!"&+1"/+Ѹ,"01")" &*"+1,!"2*҄!&1!2/!"-/1&!,0҅Ѹ,#01*"+1,!0$/"-
*&ĕŦ"0-/1&!û/&0!,0")"&1,/"0Ѹ"1 ѷ
ý,%û ,*,+"$/3"/!!"!")$2*0 /ľ1& 0ѷ+1/"1+1,Ѹ-,/0"1/1/!"*1ğ/&#"1,-/, "00,")"&- 1,/)Ѹ,.2"/) %*&11 %*!"!" &0ý,-,)ľ1& #2+!*"+1)Ѹ1)*1ğ/&+ý,!"3"0"//"0,)3&!"*0"!"!"
prestação jurisdicional.
]3"/!!"&+#01û3").2",0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0"**2&1,0"!&01+ &/*!,0+0"&,0-,-2)/"0".2"-/ ") ,+0&!"/û3")!-,-2)ĕý,+ý,0"0"+1"/"-/"0"+1!-")0$/"*&ĕŦ"0-/1&!û/&0"5&01"+1"0ѷ+1/"1+1,Ѹ0 +!&!12/032)00+ý,0ý,&*2+"0 /ľ1& 0Ѹ ,*,-,!"*0"/, 0,ѷ),-ĕý,-,)ľ1& &*-)& "*"+#/.2"- &*"+1,!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0Ѹ!&#& 2)!!"!"$,3"/+&)&!!""-"/0,+)&0*,ѷ
ý,0"-,!"-"/!"/!"3&01.2"")&*&+ĕý,!,-)2/)&0*,-/1&!û/&,ğ*/ "00"+ &)!0!&1!2/0ѷ,$,Ѹ 3&0)2*/Ҍ0"2*/$2*"+1,-/!,5,"*1,/+,!0 +!&!12/0!"03&+ 2)!0!"-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0Ѹ,!".2"
"*+,*"!!"*, / &0"!&*&+2,--")!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0Ѹ.2+!,ğ"00"51*"+1"2* / 1"/ľ01&
dos regimes totalitários.
+!&!12/032)00-,!"*#,*"+1/-"/0,+)&0*,0"-,-2)&0*,0"Ѹ0" 0,&*-)"*"+1!0Ѹ!"3"*0"//"-
$2)*"+1!0!"#,/*.2"-,00&&)&1".2).2"/ &!!ý,,0"2 "00,Ѹ0,-"+!"/"1/, "00,-,)ľ1& ,"0, &) ú!"+,*&+!!"*, / &!"+,1û3"&0Ѹ"*.2"0Ť.2"*-/1& &-3!0")"&ĕŦ"0"/2*")&1"/&01, /û1& ѷ
,/&"+1ĕý,!,1!-"),,/!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& ,-û1/&,!""5&$Ġ+ &!"#&)&ĕý,-/1&!û/& ,*, ,+!&ĕý,!"
")"$&&)&!!""Ѹ-,/ ,+0".2Ġ+ &Ѹ-/,&&ĕý,!" +!&!12/032)00Ѹ0"$2"!20/7Ŧ"0#2+!*"+1&0ѹ
ҙҚ-/,&&ĕý,!,-"/0,+)&0*,-,)ľ1& ,Ѹ1*ğ*!"+,*&+!,!"#2)+&7ĕý,!,-/, "00,")"&1,/)Ѹ+,.2) 0"0,/"00&#&$2/!,$/+!")ľ!"/Ѹ / 1"/ľ01& ,*2*!,0/"$&*"0!&11,/&&0Ѹ"51*"+1",.2",12),/-
!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& ,)*"'"3&1/ѷ
(b) obrigatoriedade do exaurimento de ideias nas bases do partido (ou seja, esgotamento dos debates da
$/"*&ĕý,-/1&!û/&Ѹ,.2",/,#"00,/+,1&)%, %*!",0"/3ü+ &!,-/&+ ľ-&,!"*, /û1& ,&+1"/+,-"),0 -/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0Қѷ
,*,"*)" &,+Ѹ,!,21/&+!,/-,/12$2Ġ02),1"/,Ѹ+,)&3/,"*, / &,1)&1û/&Ѹ҄1,1)&1/&0*,
"5&$"ҙѷѷѷҚ2*#2)+&7ĕý,!,"5"/ ľ &,!,-,!"/1/3ğ0!"2*)ľ!"/#,/1" 2'3,+1!"/&1/û/&3)" ,*,)"&ѷ ҙѷѷѷҚ,!,*,!"),1,1)&1û/&,00"+1ҙѷѷѷҚ+"5&01Ġ+ &!"2* %"#"#,/1"" /&0*û1& ,.2"Ѹ"+ /++!,,0!"0"- ',0! ,)" 1&3&!!""-/,1$,+&7+!,0020-/,#2+!00-&/ĕŦ"0Ѹ0"1/+0#,/*"*)*!"1,!,2*-,3,Ѹ 3, &,+!,.2""01ûѸ-,/!&/"&1,-/Ť-/&,Ѹ-/-,+1/ *&+%,0" ,+!27&/1,!,0"*20 !,0&!"&0 ,*2+0҅ѷ ҙѸ2),Ѹ"*, / &,1)&1û/&ѹ,01!,,1)&1û/&,ú, &"!!",1)&1û/&ѹ+#)2Ġ+ &!,,1)&1/&0-
*,+"*, / &!,ğ 2),Ѹ0 &0ѹ/&+ &-&Ѹт٠!ѷѸ-ѷфщҌфъҚ
.2"0""01û#&/*/ğ.2"&*-)"*"+1ĕý,,2+ý,!" +!&!12/032)00+,,/!"+*"+1,'2/ľ!& ,3&$"+- 1"-00+" "00/&*"+1"-,/2*!"1"-,)ľ1& ,.2"#,$"ú ,*-"1Ġ+ &!,,!"/2!& &û/&,Ѹ-/&+ &-)*"+1"Ѹ+, .2"1+$"02!&#& 2)!!" ,+1/*',/&1û/&ѷ
&+0"/ĕý,!" +!&!12/0!"03&+ 2)!0!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0ğ2*!" &0ý,-,)ľ1& #2+!*"+1)ѷ,$,Ѹğ -"/+1",,!"/"$&0)1&3,Ѹ.2"!"1ğ*#2+ĕý,-/&*,/!&)!"!")&"/ĕý,"/"-/"0"+1ĕý,-,)ľ1& Ѹ.2"!"3"0"/
!"1&!"Ѹ0"#,/ 0,Ѹ&*-)"*"+1!ѷ
Não se pode negar que muitas vezes o Poder Judiciário apresenta uma postura mais construtivista ou ativista.
+1/"1+1,Ѹ0"*0"&*&0 2&/+, "/1,,2+ý,Ѹ+,0"+"#ľ &,0,2+ý,!*"+ &,+!12ĕý,!'2/&0!&ĕý, ,+01&-
pelo julgador entre uma jurisdição autocontida e ativista, uma vez que excessos não são recomendáveis. Nesse 0"+1&!,Ѹ'û#&/*3/&01Ť1")"0.2"҄3&/12!""01û+,*"&,1"/*,҅ѷ
*"&,1"/*,-00-") "-ĕý,! ,+01&12&ĕý,!"+,*&+!!" ,+01&12&ĕý,Ҍ*,)!2/Ѹ.2"ğ2*-/,-,01
&+1"/*"!&û/& "+1/" -,)&1&7ĕý, "5 "00&3 " '2!& &)&7ĕý, "5 "00&3ѷ ,*, "* ,0"/3 &/$ľ)&, #,+0, !
&)3Ѹ҄*"1û#,/!*,)!2/Ѹ+, *-,!1",/& ,+01&12 &,+)Ѹğ20!-/!"0&$+/2*,+01&12&ĕý,.2"
-"+00&/3!")&*&1"0-/1&3&!!")"$&0)1&3ѷ)ğ-"+02**,)!2/Ѹ0"*1")Ѹ0"*-/""+ %&*"+1,ѷ8 '2/&0!&ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+) "-"+01/"#!" ,+1/,)/0",)"$&0)!,/$"!"+1/,!*,)!2/ѷ,*,,)"$&0)-
!,/$"+,&+1"/&,/!"00"0)&*&1"0ğ2*.2"01ý,!",-,/12+&!!"-,)ľ1& ѷ"$2+!,1/ (Ѹ"+1"+!"/,+01&12&- ĕý, ,*,*,)!2/0&$+&#& 0201"+1/.2"+"*12!,"01û-/"!"#&+&!,-"),+01&12&ĕý,".2"&+Ɣ*"/0.2"01Ŧ"0 0201+ &&0"01ý,02'"&10ú0&*-)"0!" &0ý,!*&,/&-/)*"+1/+,-/, "00,)"$&0)1&3,,/!&+û/&,ѷ"#&+&/
҂)/$2/҃!*,)!2/Ѹ.2"#2+ &,+/û ,*,0&*-)"0)&*&1ĕý,,-,!"/"011)Ѹğ1/"#!&+1"/-/"1ĕý, ,+01&- 12 &,+)ѷ0"000"/&02Ɣ+& 1/"#ѷ,!,/"01,ğ.2"01ý,!",-,/12+&!!"-,)ľ1& ҅ѷҙ&/$ľ)&,#,+0,!&)3Ѹ ,+01&12 &,+)&7ĕý,!,!&/"&1,ѹ,0!&/"&1,0#2+!*"+1&0+0/")ĕŦ"0"+1/"-/1& 2)/"0Ѹ-ѷттшҌттщҚ
,/1+1,Ѹ+"003"/1"+1"Ѹ1"+%,.2"!"0-"&1,!")"$ľ1&*,,-)"&1,/")1&3,ú0 +!&!12/032)00Ѹ*1ğ/&
0""+ ,+1/&+0"/1+,.2",*"+ &,+!,21,/!"+,*&+!",-,/12+&!!"-,)ľ1& Ѹ "+!,,-,!"/)"$&0)1&3, 02&+0"/ĕý,+,*2+!,'2/ľ!& ,ѷ
DA SUSCITADA VIOLAÇÃO AOS TRATADOS INTERNACIONAIS
20 &1*,0/" ,//"+1"0+," 2/0,51/,/!&+û/&, ,*$/3,ҙҚтсцххъс.2",&+!"#"/&*"+1,!" +!&-
!12/032)003&,),00"$2&+1"01/1!,0&+1"/+ &,+&0ѹ 1,!"ý,,0ğ!,01& Ѹ 1,+1"/+ &,+) 0,/"!&/"&1,0 &3&0"-,)ľ1& ,0"" )/ĕý,+&3"/0)!,0&/"&1,0!,,*"*ѷ
0 /"#"/&!,0 1/1!,0 &+1"/+ &,+&0 "* +"+%2* *,*"+1, !&0-Ŧ"*Ѹ "0-" &#& *"+1"Ѹ 0,/" +!&!12/0 32)00Ѹ*00,/",!&/"&1,!"-/1& &-ĕý,-,)ľ1& Ѹ!&/"&1,!,0 &!!ý,0!"!&/"ĕý,!,0+"$Ť &,0-Ɣ)& ,0Ѹ.2"
-,!"0"/"5"/ &!,!&/"1*"+1",21/3ğ0!"/"-/"0"+1+1"0)&3/"*"+1""0 ,)%&!,0ѷ
!"*, / &Ѹ+12)&!!"Ѹ1"*0"/"3")!,2*3),/.2"&*-,/1ú,*2+&!!"+1"/+ &,+)ѷ**2&1,0 1/1!,0&+1"/+ &,+&01"*0&!,#&/*!!"#"0!"2*-/&+ ľ-&,!"*, /û1& ,ѷ+1/"1+1,Ѹ1)-/&+ ľ-&,!"3"
1"/02"0#"/!"/+$Ġ+ &&+1"/-/"1!!"#,/*%/*ť+& ,*,21/,0-/&+ ľ-&,0 /,0,!&/"&1,&+1"/+- &,+)Ѹ.2&00"'*Ѹ0,"/+&"011)Ѹ-/,&&ĕý,!,/" 2/0,ú#,/ĕ"+ý,&+$"/Ġ+ &"*002+1,0!"ü*&1, reservado dos Estados.
ý,%ûѸ00&*Ѹ&*-,0&ĕý,&+1"/+ &,+)!"2*!"1"/*&+!,*,!"),!"*, /û1& ,Ѹ-,/.2",/"$&*"-,)ľ1& ,ğ
*1ğ/&#"1,ü*&1,/"0"/3!,!,001!,0ѷ.2"%ûğ&+!& ĕý,Ѹ,0"/3ü+ &",#,*"+1,!!"*, / &Ѹ
*0&00,+ý,&*-)& "*&*-,0&ĕý,!"2**,!"),"0-" ľ#& ,,2-/"!"1"/*&+!,ѷ
!&/"&1,&+1"/+ &,+)ú!"*, / &ğ3"/1"+1"&+1"/+!,-/&+ ľ-&,!21,!"1"/*&+ĕý,!,0-,3,0Ѹ.2"0"
/"#"/"ú)&"/!!"!""0 ,)%!"/"$&*"-,)ľ1& ,Ѹ" ,+ť*& ,"0, &)ѷ3"/1"+1""51"/+!,*"+ &,+!,-/&+ ľ-&, 0"/"#"/", "00,!,0-,3,0ú"01!2)&!!"ѷ
*.2"-"0"ú0"0-/00/"#"/Ġ+ &0ú!"*, / &+,01"51,0&+1"/+ &,+&0Ѹ)&1"/12/1"*!")&*&1!,,0"2 ) + ",0-/, "!&*"+1,0")"&1,/&0!3,+1!"!-,-2)ĕý,"1"*#&/*!,.2"+ý,0"1/1!"2*,/&$- ção internacional, mas de uma norma consuetudinária em status nascendi.
,0ğ)"/1,!"7"/"!,#&/*.2"-/û1& &+1"/+ &,+)1"*-/, 2/!,҄/")&7ĕý,!21,!"1"/*&+ĕý,
&+1"/+1/3ğ0!"&+01/2*"+1,0!"*, /û1& ,0!"/"-/"0"+1ĕý,҅Ѹ*0&+!ğ-/"*12/#&/*ĕý,!".2"0"
1/1!"2*,/&$ĕý,&+1"/+ &,+)ѷ/,21,/Ѹ!"*, / &/"-/"0"+11&3+ý,ğƔ+& #,/*!"00"$2//
҄ ,//"0-,+!Ġ+ &"+1/"3,+1!"-,-2)/"3,+1!"$,3"/+1&3҅ѷ,$,Ѹ҄21,!"1"/*&+ĕý,""*, / &/"- -/"0"+11&3+ý,0ý,1"/*,0 ,//"0-,+!"+1"0Ѹ,2+" "00/&*"+1"Ѹ ,&+ &!"+1"0҅ѷҙѸ,0ğ)"/1,!"7"- /"!,ѷ+1/"0,)&!ý,"&+1"/3"+ &,+&0*,ѹ&/"&1,!"21,!"1"/*&+ĕý,!,0-,3,0"/" ĕŦ"0!""01!,01"/ "&/,0ѷ ,/1,ѸуссфѸ-ѷтцъ"тчсҚ
!&/"&1,&+1"/+ &,+)ú!"*, / &&*-Ŧ"Ѹ+"000"+!Ѹ2*!&/"1/&7-,)ľ1& !"$"01ý,!"*, /û1& ! ,&0 -Ɣ)& "-/1& &-ĕý,-,-2)/Ѹ*01)!&/"1/&7+ý,&*-Ŧ"2**,!"),!"1"/*&+!,!"!"*, / &Ѹ"5"*-),
!,0"/3ü+ &!" +!&!12/032)00Ѹ-,/.2"ѹҙ&Қ1/1Ҍ0"!"*1ğ/&#"1,ü*&1,/"0"/3!,!,001!,0"Ѹ 00&*Ѹ020,"/+&Ѹ"ҙ&&Қ2* ,+ "&1,&+1"/+ &,+)!"!"*, / &!"3"0"/*-),,02#& &"+1"-// / as diversidades culturais existentes na Comunidade Internacional.
&+!.2"0""+1"+!.2"ğ-,00ľ3")0""51/&/!,01/1!,0&+1"/+ &,+&02*!"1"/*&+!,*,!"),!"!"-
*, / &Ѹ&+ 02Ѹ2**,!"),.2"/.2"!"#,/* ,$"+1"0 +!&!12/032)00Ѹ+ý,0"-,!",)3&!/.2"
,2-/"*,/&2+) "!"/)-,002&'2/&0-/2!Ġ+ &#&/*!+,0"+1&!,!".2",01/1!,0&+1"/+ &,+&0.2"3"/- 0*0,/"!&/"&1,0%2*+,0Ѹ.2+!,+ý,-/,3!,0+#,/*!,/1ѷцѸҦф٢Ѹ! Ѹ-,002"*01120!"+,/*
02-/)"$)Ѹ,20"'Ѹ!"+1/,!"2*"0 )+,/*1&3"+ ,+1/*Ҍ0"&5,!,+01&12&ĕý,!"-Ɣ)& ѷ
,/1+1,Ѹ+"01"&/!'2/&0-/2!Ġ+ &#&/*!-"),2-/"*,/&2+) "!"/)Ѹ,01/1!,0&+1"/+ &,+&0 &1-
!,0+,/"#"/&!," 2/0,51/,/!&+û/&,+ý,-/"3)" "*0,/",+01&12&ĕý,!"-Ɣ)& Ѹ.2"&*-Ŧ""5&$Ġ+ &
!"#&)&ĕý,-/1&!û/& ,*, ,+!&ĕý,!"")"$&&)&!!"ѷ
*-,/1+1" ,+0&$+/.2"/, 2/!,/&"/)!"-Ɣ)& Ѹ"*0"2-/" "/"*&1&!,+,тсцххъсѸ1/7Ѹ
*&02*3"7Ѹ!&0 200ý, "/ !+12/"7'2/ľ!& !,01/1!,0&+1"/+ &,+&0&+ ,/-,/!,0+1"0!*"+!
,+01&12 &,+)+٢хцѸ"+1"+!"+!,-"),0"201120!"+,/* ,+01&12 &,+)ѹ
0/" ,//"+1"0-/" "*1"//7ý,.2&Ѹ,!"#"+!"/"*,-,+1,!"3&01!".2", ,+#)&1,"+1/",/1ѷтхѸҦ ф٢ѸѸ!",/1ѷуфѸ&+ ѷѸѸ ҟ ,&+ ѷуѸ!, 1,!"ý,,0ğ!"3"0"//"0,)3&!,"*#3,/!+,/*!"
!&/"&1,&+1"/+ &,+)ѷ*"0-" &).2+!,0")Ġ,&+ ѷуѸ-"/ ""Ҍ0".2"#&)&ĕý,-/1&!û/&+ý, ,+01
!,0*,1&3,0-"),0.2&00"-,!"/"01/&+$&/-/1& &-ĕý,!" +!&!1,0"*")"&ĕŦ"0*"/& +0ѷ -"0/!/")"3ü+ &!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0-/,-/, "00,!"*, /û1& ,Ѹ,/1ѷчсѸҦх٢ѸѸ!+ý,
&+ )2& ,0 -/1&!,0 + )û202) !" "1"/+&!!" ! ,+01&12&ĕý, !" тъщщѷ , ,+1/û/&,Ѹ +"00" 0-" 1, ! ,/$+&7ĕý,0, &)/0&)"&/Ѹ,+01&12&ĕý,0Ť!" )/,20)3,!"*2!+ĕ0,҄3,1,!&/"1,Ѹ0" /"1,Ѹ 2+&3"/0)"-"/&Ť!& ,҅ѷ,$,Ѹ+ý,-/" "%3"/&+ ,*-1&&)&!!""+1/"+,/*&+1"/+ &,+))2!&!"
0/"01/&ĕŦ"0"*"+!0 ,+01&12 &,+&0,2ú&+ ,/-,/ĕý,!,- 1,)2!&!,+,/!"*/0&)"&/ѷľ.2"
,0-/1&!,0/"-/"0"+1!,0+,,+$/"00, &,+)/&/**ý,Ѹ3)&!*"+1"Ѹ!#2+ĕý,!",/$+&7ĕŦ"0
&+1"/*ğ!&0"5 )20&30"+1/"$,3"/++1"0"$,3"/+!,0Ѹ,1"/"*-/,3!,, 1,!"ý,,0ğѷ Embora, como visto, esse não seja o entendimento da Suprema Corte pátria, tenho que, no que tange espe- &#& *"+1"+12/"7'2/ľ!& !"+,/* ,+01&12 &,+)!,01/1!,0&+1"/+ &,+&0.2"3"/0*0,/"!&/"&1,0
%2*+,0Ѹ00&01"/7ý,,&+&01ğ/&,Ɣ)& ,ѷ+1/"1+1,Ѹ, ,+1/û/&,!,!"#"+!&!,+,-/" "/*&+&01"/&)Ѹ1) +12/"7+ý,-"/*&1" ,+ )2&/-")-/"0 &+!&&)&!!"!#&)&ĕý,-/1&!û/& ,*, ,+!&ĕý,!"")"$&&)&!!"ѷ
00,-,/.2",/1ѷуф!, 1,!"ý,,0ğ!,01& Ѹ&+3"/&0Ѹ!"3"0"/&+1"/-/"1!,!"#,/*%/*,+&,0 ,*,0!"*&0!&0-,0&1&3,0!,+01&12&ĕý,!"-Ɣ)& "'*&0!"#,/*+"$/"#& û &2* )/,-ĕý,
!,-,!"/ ,+01&12&+1",/&$&+û/&,!"!"#"/&/,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0,*,+,-Ť)&, "/ !0 +!&!12/0-,)ľ1& 0ѷ I. Todos os cidadãos devem gozar dos seguintes direitos e oportunidades:
Қ!"-/1& &-/!!&/"ĕý,!,0002+1,0-Ɣ)& ,0Ѹ!&/"1*"+1",2-,/*"&,!"/"-/"0"+1+1"0)&3/"*"+1"
")"&1,0Ѻ
Қ!"3,)1/"0"/")"&1,0"*")"&ĕŦ"0-"/&Ť!& 021Ġ+1& 0Ѹ/")&7!0-,/02#/û$&,2+&3"/0)"&$2)"-,/
3,1,0" /"1,.2"$/+1)&3/""5-/"00ý,!3,+1!"!,0")"&1,/"0Ѻ"
Қ!"1"/ "00,Ѹ"* ,+!&ĕŦ"0$"/&0!"&$2)!!"Ѹú0#2+ĕŦ"0-Ɣ)& 0!"0"2-ľ0ѷ
уѷ)"&-,!"/"$2)/,"5"/ ľ &,!,0!&/"&1,0",-,/12+&!!"0".2"0"/"#"/",&+ &0,+1"/&,/Ѹ"5 )20&- vamente por motivos de idade, nacionalidade, residência, idioma, instrução, capacidade civil ou mental, ou condenação, por juiz competente, em processo penal.
0 ,+!&ĕŦ"0!"")"$&&)&!!"0ý,"0-ğ &"0!"#&)1/,0)&*&11&3,0! - &!!"")"&1,/)-00&3ѷ,/0&)Ѹ0ý, /"$2)!0-"),+01&12&ĕý,!"-Ɣ)& "Ѹ-,/!")"$ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)Ѹ-,/)"&0,/!&+û/&0ѷ&0#&)1/,0/"3"0- tem-se de legitimidade sempre que observem a máxima da proporcionalidade.
,/1)*,1&3,Ѹ,&1"*!,у!,/1ѷуф!, 1,!"ý,,0ğ!,01& +ý,-,!"0"/&+1"/-/"1!,!"#,/*
)&1"/)Ѹ,.2"0&$+&#& +"$/3&$Ġ+ &,0!&0-,0&1&3,0 ,+01&12 &,+&0Ѹ.2"-/!"/"01/&+$&/"*!&/"&1,0Ѹ0ý,,-- ĕŦ"0-,)ľ1& 0!,001!,0/"3"01&!0!")"$&1&*&!!""-/,-,/ &,+)&!!"ѷ
,-ĕý,-")*"!&ĕý,-/1&!û/&+ý, ,+01&12&,Ɣ+& ,"5"*-),!""0 ,)%-,)ľ1& )&*&11&3! - &!!"
eleitoral passiva, o mesmo ocorre em relação aos condenados por improbidade administrativa, situação não / !-"),*"+ &,+!,&1"*!,+3"+ĕý,*"/& +!"&/"&1,02*+,0"Ѹ+"*-,/&00,Ѹ-,!"Ҍ0"#&/*/
.2",/"#"/&!,&1"*!,+3"+ĕý,!"//,$,2,0!&0-,0&1&3,0 ,+01&12 &,+&0.2"!"1"/*&+*020-"+0ý,!,0
!&/"&1,0-,)ľ1& ,0,0 ,+!"+!,0-,/&*-/,&!!"!*&+&01/1&3ѷ
*"0*,/ &, ľ+&,-,!"0"/&*-/&*&!,,0 0,0҄!"/" 20!" 2*-/&/,/&$ĕý,1,!,0&*-,01,2-/"01- ĕý,)1"/+1&3Ѹ+,01"/*,0!,/1ѷц٢Ѹ҅Ѹ! Ѹ,20"'Ѹ1/1Ҍ0"!"2*)&*&1ĕý,+ý,/ !-"))ľ+"
*"0*1,!Ѹ"*!" &0ý,/" "+1"Ѹ,/"0-,+!"2,+02)1#,/*2)!-,/!"-21!0#"!"/&0"0"+!,/0Ѹ ޖ/*+!,.2"!&01/&2&ĕý,!,03),/"0!, 2+!,0-" &)!" &++ &*"+1,!"*-+%!"3"*0"/!"01&+!,0Ѹ +,*ľ+&*,Ѹфсہ-/0 +!&!12/0#"*&+&+0".2",*"0*,-"/ "+12)!"3"0"/00"$2/!,-/0 +!&!10 +-/,-$+!")"&1,/)$/12&1ѷ!" &0ý, ,+ޖ$2/3"/!!"&/-,)ľ1& ޖ/*1&3Ѹ.2"3&0 ,+1/&2&/"#"1&3*"+- 1"-/, /ğ0 &*,!,+Ɣ*"/,!"*2)%"/"0")"&10-/,0-/)*"+1,0ѷ
0!" &0Ŧ"0!, "/ !-/1& &-ĕý,-,)ľ1& #"*&+&+1 *!&/"1*"+1", ,*-,/1*"+1,!,0-/1&!,0
" ,)&$ĕŦ"0.2"Ѹ*2&103"7"0Ѹ0ý,/"0-,+0û3"&0-")0"$/"$ĕý,!0 +!&!10ѷ0*2)%"/"0*2&103"7"0ѹ қѷѷѷҜ0,#/"* ,**+&-2)ĕý,!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0Ѹ.2"Ѹ ,*,1"+11&3!"!/&)/)"$&0)ĕý,Ѹ)+ĕ*
+!&!12/0!"# %!Ѹ1ý,0,*"+1"-/-,!"/-/"0"+1/*&,/+Ɣ*"/,!"%,*"+0 +!&!1,0ѷ010 +!&!10)/+'0ý,',$!0+ *-+%")"&1,/)Ѹ0"*.2).2"//" 2/0,Ѹ.2+!,+,*ľ+&*,"01ý, )ğ*!0 +!&!10#+10*0,2)/+'0Ѹ!" ,//"*!12ĕý,-/1&!û/&!&3"/00 ,+!210!&0 /&*&+1Ť/&0Ѹ 1ľ12),!""5"*-),ѹ,/"$&01/,!" +!&!100"*,0"2 ,+%" &*"+1,"21,/&7ĕý,Ѻ!&01/&2&ĕý,!"0&$2)!"
/" 2/0,0-/-/,-$+!")"&1,/)Ѻ-/1& &-ĕý,!&0-/"+-/,-$+!")"&1,/)$/12&1"!"0-/,-,/ĕý,+
quantidade de material de propaganda recebido em comparação com outros candidatos.
] "/1,.2"1,!0"010ĕŦ"0 *-,/!"0".2&)&//!&0-21"Ѹ"*Ɣ)1&*&+01ü+ &Ѹ *&*-"!&+!,,2
!&ޖ 2)1+!,,02 "00,")"&1,/)!0*2)%"/"0ѷ"0100&12ĕŦ"0Ѹ/"01 )/,""3&!"+1",!"0/"0-"&1,,!&/"&1,!"
02#/û$&,-00&3,!0 +!&!10ѷ
Os novos paradigmas repersonalizantes da responsabilidade civil apontam para a necessidade de ressarcimento
&+!"-"+!"+1"*"+1"!"!+,+, 0,!"#/,+1!&/"&1,0#2+!*"+1&0ѷ/Ѹ&+"5&01"*!Ɣ3&!0 "/ !+12/"7 '2/ľ!& !,!&/"&1,,02#/û$&,-00&3,Ѹ0"+!,!&/"&1,-,)ľ1& ,ğ!&/"&1,#2+!*"+1)ѷ
Ɣ+& ,+ )20ý,-,00ľ3")-/"00+//1&3ğ.2",&*-"!&*"+1,!,/"$2)/"5"/ ľ &,!,!&/"&1,!"02#/û$&, -00&3,-"), +!&!1!" ,//"+1"!" ,+!21"5 )20&3!"-/1&!,-,)ľ1& ,,2 ,)&$ĕý, //"12*!+,"51/-- 1/&*,+&).2"-/" &00"//"-/!,ޖ++ "&/*"+1"ѷ'û/" ,+%" "2Ѹ"*0&12ĕý,!&3"/0Ѹ"5&01Ġ+ &!,!&/"&- 1,ú&+!"+&7ĕý,!" +!&!1,.2"#,&-/"'2!& !,-,/ ,+!21"5 )20&3!,-/1&!,-,)ľ1& ,ҙ0-+٢щшуѷстъҚѷ
/"0-,+0&)&!!" &3&)-,/!"0/"0-"&1,,0!&/"&1,0-,)ľ1& ,0!" ,//"!)1"/ĕý,!,0 ,+ "&1,0!"/"0-,+0-
&)&!!""51/-1/&*,+&)ѷ ,+01&12 &,+)&7ĕý,!,!&/"&1,-/&3!,1,/+,2&+02ޖ &"+1"!"ޖ+&ĕý,!"!+,*,/)Ѹ ,*,/*,!"-/,1"ĕý,"121")!,0&+1"/"00"0!,0&+!&3ľ!2,0!&+1"!"1,0&)ľ &1,0"/&2+,3,0%,/&7,+1"0ѷ
*-)&+!,0&*-)Ť/&!& ,1,*&.2"!&3&!&/"0-,+0&)&!!" &3&)"*-1/&*,+&)""51/-1/&*,+&)Ѹ3"/&ޖ- Ҍ0"2* ")"/!"0-" &)&7ĕý,!"01Ɣ)1&*+,-"/ľ,!,-Ť0Ҍ-,0&1&3&01ѷ01,ğ/"ޗ"5,!01/+0#,/*ĕŦ"00,- &&0"+" "00û/&,#/"+1"ú012/ĕý,!,*,!"),ޖ+ !,"5 )20&3*"+1"+,!+,*,/)Ѹ ,+#,/*"--")/&ҙуссттѸ -ѷтуцҚѹ҄"&*"!&1,'û0",20ޖ/*/&+02ޖ &Ġ+ &!!"+,*&+ĕý,"*"0*,!-/Ť-/& 1"$,/&҂!+,*,/)҃
para abrigar e mormente para tutelar, de modo adequado, toda a variedade dos danos a pessoa humana, tais como /" ,//"+1"0+,*2+!, ,+1"*-,/ü+",҅ѷ
01&+02ޖ &Ġ+ &ğ-"+0 ,+011ĕý,!+" "00&!!"!"!".2/121").2&)&+,0+,3,01"*-,0Ѹ+"- "00&!!"0" ,*-)"5&!!"00, &&0Ѹ.2"&+& &/*2*-/, "00,&//"#/"û3")!")1"/ĕý,!,0 ,*-,/1*"+1,0"Ѹ-,/
3&!" ,+0".2Ġ+ &Ѹ+&+1"/-/"1ĕý,'2/ľ!& ѷ
)/$*"+1,!+,ĕý,!"!+,/"00/ ľ3")Ѹ1,!3&Ѹ3"&,, ,//"+!,!"*+"&/300)!,/ѷ,*"#"&- 1,Ѹ#)Ҍ0"%,'""*!+,,-/,'"1,!"3&!Ѹ!+,-,/+0 &*"+1,&+!"0"'!,Ѹ!+,%"!,+ľ01& ,Ѹ!+,!"
*,&+$Ѹ!+,!"*00*"!&Ѹ!+,!"#ğ/&0//2&+!0Ѹ!+,!"*,/1""*$,+&Ѹ!+,!"/&+ !"&/0 /2ğ&0Ѹ!+,!"!"0 2*-/&*"+1,!,0!"3"/"0 ,+'2$&0Ѹ!+,-,/+!,+,#"1&3,"00&*-,/!&+1"ѷ ҙѸуссчѸ-ѷуцтҚ
/"+1""01+,3/")&!!"Ѹ"*"/$"2* 1"$,/&*&,/!"!+,0Ѹ.2"0"/3&/& ,*,2*"0-ğ &"!"/*,
!",+!""*"/$"*1,!0002"0-ğ &"0%,!&"/+*"+1" ,+%" &!0ѷ1"/*,*&0!".2!,-/"5-/"00/1) /")&!!" ğ ҄!+,0 ú -"00,҅ѷ 1"/*&+,),$& ,)%&! 0"/3"Ѹ 1*ğ*Ѹ ,*, *" +&0*, !" /" ,+%" &*"+1, !
&*-,/1ü+ &!!&$+&!!"!-"00,%2*++"01"+,3,/"$&*" ,+01&12 &,+)ѷ
,!,0,0+,3,0!+,0ú-"00,")"+ *0&12ĕŦ"0&*-,/1+1"0.2""013*+1"/&,/*"+1"!"0$2/+" &!0,2 dependentes da elasticidade da interpretação adotada pelos magistrados durante o julgamento dos casos concre- 1,0ѷ,+12!,Ѹ2*"0-ğ &"*"/" ",0%,),#,1"0ѹ,!+,!" ,//"+1"!,!"0/"0-"&1,,0!&/"&1,0#2+!*"+1&0ѷ
҄ ҅!,&1"*Ѹ!,/1&$,уф!, 1,!"ý,,0ğ!,01& ".2"Ѹ ,*0"+,-/&+ ľ-&,!%/*,+&7ĕý,Ѹ+ý, -,!"1"/02"#& û &/"!27&!,2"51&/-!ѷ
"00" ,+1"51,Ѹ,.2"0""01û#&/*/ğ.2"&+!.2"0" ,+0&!"/", 1,!"ý,,0ğ!,01& 2*
+,/* ,+01&12 &,+)Ѹ"00!"3"0"/&+1"/-/"1!!"#,/*%/*ť+& "-,+!"/!"*/")ĕý,,0!"*&0!&0- -,0&1&3,0 ,+01&12 &,+&0Ѹ0,-"+!"3&,)/,-/&+ ľ-&,!+ý,&+$"/Ġ+ &"*002+1,0!"ü*&1,/"0"/3!,!,0 Estados.
CONCLUSÃO
]&+"$û3").2",*,!"),3&$"+1"!"!"*, / &"+ ,+1/Ҍ0" ,*)&!,"!"0 /"!&1!,ѷ,+011Ҍ0".2"%û 2*!&01ü+ &&00)"+1/"3,+1!"-,-2)/"0&+01&12&ĕŦ"0-Ɣ)& 0Ѹ.2",0 &!!ý,0+ý,0"0"+1"*/"-/"- 0"+1!,0".2",0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0+ý,0ý,Ѹ ,*,!"3"/&*Ѹ&+01ü+ &0!"*"!&ĕý,-,)ľ1& !0, &"!!"ѷ
*ğ*ğ "/1,.2"!&0 200ý, "/ !0 +!&!12/0!"03&+ 2)!0!,0-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0/"3"01"Ҍ0"!"
legitimidade e pode vir a servir para o aprimoramento do sistema democrático.
+1/"1+1,Ѹ,.2"0""01û#&/*/ğ.2"1)!&0 200ý,!"3"0"/#"&11/3ğ0!"/"#,/*-,)ľ1& Ѹ ,**-) participação da sociedade.
#"+ť*"+,!*21ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+)Ѹ ,*,"5-,01,Ѹ+ý,/ &+0"/ĕý,!" +!&!12/0&+!"-"+!"+- 1"0Ѹ0,-"+!"3&,)/,-/&+ ľ-&,!'201"7,2! ,+#,/*&!!" ,+01&12 &,+)ѷ
&+!.2"0""+1"+!.2", 1,!"ý,,0ğ!,01& -,002+12/"7'2/ľ!& !"+,/* ,+01&12 &,+)Ѹ entendimento que não encontra guarida no Supremo Tribunal Federal, a interpretação das normas internacio- +&0!"3"0"!û!"#,/*%/*ť+& "0&01"*û1& ,*,+01&12&ĕý,!"-Ɣ)& Ѹ"3&1+!,Ҍ0".2).2"/0,)2ĕý, '2/ľ!& .2"+"$2"3&$Ġ+ &,2"#& û &ú0!&0-,0&ĕŦ"0-/"3&010+"&$+ѷ
!&ޖ 2)!!" ,+1/*',/&1û/&!,,!"/2!& &û/&,&+3&&)&72*'2/&0!&ĕý, ,+01&12 &,+).2"&*-)&.2""*
"0 ,)%0-,)ľ1& 0#2+!*"+1&0Ѹ0,-"+!"3&,)ĕý,!,/&+ ľ-&,!"-/ĕý,!",!"/"0ѷ-1"+1" /&0"!"/"- -/"0"+11&3&!!"3&3"+ &!!"3"0"//"0,)3&!*"!&+1"/"#,/*0-,)ľ1& 0 ,**-)-/1& &-ĕý,!0, &"!!"ѷ 00"$2&!0&+3"01&!0 ,+1/0 +!&!12/0#"*&+&+0/")&7!0-,/-/1&!,0-,)ľ1& ,0" ,)&$ĕŦ"0 /&+!, 2**&"+1"!"!&#"/"+ &ĕý,"+1/" +!&!1,0!"2**"0*,$/2-,-,)ľ1& ,Ѹ ,+ޖ$2/* )/#/,+1,!&/"&1,!"
02#/û$&,-00&3,!0*2)%"/"0ѷ/" ,+%" &*"+1,!"5&01Ġ+ &!"!+,0ú-"00,"*!" ,//Ġ+ &!,!"0/"0-"&1, ,0!&/"&1,0#2+!*"+1&0Ѹ#01+" "00&!!"!" ,*-/,3ĕý,!,-/"'2ľ7,0"/&+!"+&7!,ѷ!+,ğ21,"3&!"+- 1"Ѹ,20"'Ѹ1/1Ҍ0"!"!+,&+/"&-0ѷý, "Ѹ-,/1+1,Ѹú +!&!1.2"#,&-/"1"/&!-,/0"2-/1&!,,2 ,)&$ĕý, ,*-/,3/.2"1) ,*-,/1*"+1,1/,25"-/"'2ľ7,0-/02 *-+%ѷ
*!,0$/+!"0!"0ޖ,0 ,+1"*-,/ü+",0!!"*, / &/0&)"&/ğ ,+0,)&!ĕý,"&+ /"*"+1,!-/1& &-- ĕý,-,)ľ1& #"*&+&+Ѹ+,1!*"+1"Ѹ ,*,2*"+1,"#"1&3,!"*2)%"/"0")"&10-/ /$,0-Ɣ)& ,0ѷ0)1"/+1&- 30)"$&0)1&30!,1!01ğ.2&Ѹ+ý,-/,!27&/*/"02)1!,00&$+&ޖ 1&3,0Ѹ*0,2!& &û/&,1"*Ѹ-,+12)*"+1"Ѹ -/,!27&!,&*-,/1+1"0!" &0Ŧ"0.2"20 *!/ ,+ /"12!""01!&/"1/&7ѷ
"000"+!Ѹ,/" ,+%" &*"+1,!/"0-,+0&)&!!" &3&)!,0-/1&!,0" ,)&$ĕŦ"0-,/!"0/"0-"&1,,!&/"&1,!"
02#/û$&,-00&3,!0 +!&!10ğ2*-00,&*-,/1+1"+#,/*1ĕý,!"&+& &1&30.2"3),/&7"*-/1& &-ĕý, -,)ľ1& #"*&+&+"Ѹ ,+ ,*&1+1"*"+1"Ѹ ,ľ ,+!210.2"!&ޖ 2)1"*,&+ /"*"+1,!"1)-/1& &-ĕý,ѷ
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
Ѹ,0ğѸCurso de Direito Constitucional Positivo,ý,2),ѹ)%"&/,0!&1,/"0Ѹуш٠!ѷѸуссчѷ Ѹü+&& &)&+,ѸMandato Eletivo: Estudos em Homenagem ao Prof. Siqueira Castro, Tomo III, Rio de Janei- /,ѹ!&1,/2*"+2/&0Ѹуссчѷ
Ѹ/ 6ѸTeoria Geral do EstadoѸý,2),ѹ!&1,/),,Ѹх٠!ѷѸуссщѷ
BOBBIO, Norberto, ",/&"/)!,)ľ1& ѷޖ),0,ޖ,)ľ1& "0&ĕŦ"0!,0)û00& ,s, Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, ус٠!ѷѸусссѷ
Ѹ2),ѸTeoria do EstadoѸý,2),ѹ)%"&/,0Ѹц٠!ѷѸуссхѷ
Ѹ,0ğ,.2&*,*"0ѸDireito Constitucional e teoria da constituição,)*"!&+Ѹш٠"!ѷѸустсѷ Ѹ)*,!"/"2ѸElementos de Teoria Geral do Estado,ý,2),ѹ!&1,//&3Ѹуц٠"!ѷѸуссцѷ
;Ѹ"!/,,21&+%,ѸCorporativismo, Judicialização da política e a crise da Justiça em Portugal in Revista do Ministério PúblicoѸ&0,ѹ&+!& 1,!,0$&01/!,0!,&+&01ğ/&,Ɣ)& ,Ѹтъъъѷ
;Ѹ"!/,,21&+%,Ѹ ,+ޖ+ĕ+,0-/)*"+1,0+ &,+&0ѹ/"$/0&+01&12 &,+&0Ѹ/"-/"0"+1ĕý,"
responsabilização política in Análise socia)Ѹ&0,ѹ+&3"/0&!!"!"&0,Ѹ+01&121,!"&Ġ+ &0, &&0Ѹуссфѷ Ѹ&)*/ "//"&/ѺѸ+, Ġ+ &,û/1&/"0ѺѸ2),2013,,+"1ѷCurso de Direito Constitu- cional.ý,2),ѹ!&1,//&3Ѹу٢!ѷѸуссщѷ
Ѹ,/$"ѸDivisão do Poder e Partidos Políticos in O Direito,&0,Ѹ+,тффѸ+٢фѸусстѷ
OTERO, Paulo, "*, / &,1)&1û/&ѷ,01!,,1)&1û/&,ú, &"!!",1)&1û/&ѷ+ޗ2Ġ+ &!,,1)&1- rismo na Democracia do Século XXI,0 &0ѹ/&+ &-&Ѹ2)& ĕŦ"0+&3"/0&1û/&0"&"+1ľޖ 0Ѹусстѷ
Ѹ&+1%&Ѹ;Ѹ,0ğ2&72!/,0!"ѸTeoria do Estado, Democracia e Poder, )Ѹ&,!"+"&/,ѹ
!&1,/2*"+2/&0Ѹуссуѷ
Submetido em: 11/06/2018 Aprovado em: 02/08/2018
