1
Technical Note
Fire probability in South American Protected Areas
August to October 2020
South American authors: Liana O. Anderson, João B. C. dos Reis, Ana Carolina M. Pessôa, Galia Selaya, Luiz Aragão
UK authors: Chantelle Burton, Philip Bett, Chris Jones, Karina Williams, Inika Taylor, Andrew Wiltshire
August 2020
https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/wcssp/report-cssp-fire-aug-oct_en.pdf
2 HOW TO CITE THIS WORK
ANDERSON Liana O.; BURTON Chantelle; DOS REIS João B. C.; PESSÔA Ana C. M.;
SELAYA Galia; BETT Philip, JONES Chris, WILLIAMS Karina; TAYLOR Inika;
WILTSHIRE, Andrew, ARAGÃO Luiz. Identification of priority areas for reducing the likelihood of burning and forest fires in South America August to October 2020. 16p. São José dos Campos, 2020.SEI/Cemaden process: 01250.029118/2018- 78/5761326. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13727.79523
Contact: liana.anderson@cemaden.gov.br
Institutions
Met Office Hadley Centre – United Kingdom
Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais - Brazil
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Brazil
This Technical Note was prepared with the support of the following projects:
CSSP-BRAZIL - Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) Brazil.
Fund: Newton Fund
MAP-FIRE – Multi-Actor Adaptation Plan to cope with Forests under Increasing Risk of Extensive fires
Fund: Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI-SGP-HW 016)
PRODIGY BMBF biotip Project – Process‐based & Resilience‐Oriented management of Diversity Generates sustainabilitY
Fund: German BMBF biotip Project FKZ 01LC1824A
João B. C. dos Reis and Ana C. M. Pessôa were funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - 444321/2018-7 and 140977/2018-5, respectively). Luiz Aragão was funded by CNPq Productivity fellowship (305054/2016-3). Liana Anderson acknowledges EasyTelling, and the projects: CNPq (ACRE-QUEIMADAS 442650/2018-3, SEM-FLAMA 441949/2018-5), São Paulo Research Foundation – (FAPESP 19/05440-5, 2016/02018-2).
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Executive summary
Fires in South America are at their highest since systematic monitoring began in 1998. During March, April and May 2020 respectively, fire hot spots have reached peaks of 17%, 32% and 9% higher than previously registered peaks.
This report identifies priority areas with a high probability of fire threat, in order to support decision making and planning strategies to mitigate the risk and impact of fires. The focus is on South American protected areas, given the importance of protecting these areas of high biological, environmental and sociocultural value. In addition, these areas have an institutional structure, legal framework and in most cases, a management plan that allows the use of the information presented in this report to guide actions on the ground. In South America, we identified 117 Protected Areas (P.A.) under High Alert and Alert. In total, there are more than 287,000 km2 and 146,000 km2 under High Alert and Alert fire threat conditions across the continent over the next three months.
Among the recommendations, we highlight the importance of early identification of Protected Areas under High Alert and Alert conditions. In these areas strategic planning and communication networks can be implemented, to enable the population living inside and in the surroundings to plan for minimising the risk and impacts of uncontrolled wildfires.
4
Overview
Fire occurrence negatively impacts people, ecosystems and climate. The impacts on people include threat to lives, loss of goods such as homes, agricultural production, forest products, infrastructure (communication networks, light, roads), transport, and diseases associated with increased air pollution
1,2. The impacts on ecosystems are related to the decrease in biodiversity, wildlife mortality, decrease in carbon stocks as well as effects on other environmental services such as maintenance of local temperature and the cycling of water to the atmosphere. Climate impacts are associated with the carbon emissions to the atmosphere, which could lead to more extreme weather conditions, such as increased droughts and prolonged dry seasons
2. It has been estimated that fires associated with deforestation in the Amazon cause approximately 3,000 premature deaths annually across South America
3, which can put increased pressure on health resources, and the carbon emissions from fires during drought years can be higher than those from deforestation emissions
4.
So far this year, fires in South America are at their highest since 1998 in the months of March (31,529 hot spots, 17% higher than the previous peak), April (23,139 hot spots, 32% higher than the previous peak) and May (13,638 hot spots, 9% higher than the previous peak), with the other months presenting detections higher than the long-term average
5.
This Report aims to identify priority areas with a high probability of fire threat, in order to support decision making and planning strategies to mitigate the risk and impact of fires. The focus is on South American protected areas, given the importance of preserving these areas of high biological, environmental and sociocultural value. In addition, these areas have an institutional structure, legal framework and in most cases, a management plan that allows the use of the information presented in this report to guide actions on the ground.
The document is structured in four sections. First, we present the Priority Areas, the Fire Probability Categories and the Recommendations. Next, the Technical Information is presented, divided into three topics: Seasonal forecasts for temperature and rainfall, Fire trend methods, and the Protected Area classes used. Finally, a Glossary with the definition of technical words used in the report, and the list of References are presented.
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Priority Areas for mitigating fire probability August – October 2020
The fire probability for August to October presented here has been generated based on the integration of three datasets: the fire trend and peak of fires in the August-October period, the rainfall, and the temperature forecast. The definition of the fire probabilities per category (High Alert, Alert, Attention, Observation and Low Probability) is presented in the next section. The technical and methodological information are described at the end of this document.
In South America, we identified 68 Protected Areas (P.A.) with High fire probability: 43 P.A.
in Brazil, 20 in Bolivia, 2 in Peru, 2 in Paraguay and 1 in Ecuador; and 49 P.A within the Alert level: 34 in Brazil, 5 in Argentina, 3 in Bolivia, 3 in Colombia, 2 in Peru, 1 in Venezuela and Chile (Figure 1, Table 1). The complete list of the identified protected areas in each category is presented in Annex 1 and 2. All these areas presented an increase in August-October total fire occurrence from 2017 to 2019, and have high forecast probabilities of experiencing above- median temperatures and below-median rainfall, depicting the socio-environmental- climatological conditions favourable to wildfires. In total, there are more than 287,000 km
2and 146,000km
2under High Alert and Alert of fire threat in the next three months.
Table 1. Summary of Protected areas per August-October fire probability category in South America.
6 Figure 1. Spatial distribution of the Protected Areas and the summary in each probability
category, for each country.
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7
Fire probability categories
In Table 2 we present the summary of the data integration, structured by fire probability category. The fire trend and the accumulated active fires in each fire season (Aug-Oct) of the period from 2017 to 2019 were calculated for all the Protected Areas (PA). The climatological conditions (the probability of temperature being above the climatological median, and rainfall being below the median, for Aug-Oct 2020) were obtained by area-weighted averaging of the grid cells in each PA.
The Alerts were classified into five categories: High Alert, Alert, Attention, Observation and Low Probability. These categories refer to the level of probability of the occurrence of fire events.
The description of each category is presented below:
High Alert
This is defined as: (1) there is an observed positive trend in fire occurrence (increased number of fire occurrences every year from 2017-2019), (2) accumulated active fires higher than 75%
of the distribution of fires in the Protected Areas, (3) 60% or higher probability of lower than average rainfall, and (4) 60% or higher probability of higher than average temperature, which represents the climatological condition for increased risk of fire occurrences.
Alert
This is defined as: (1) a positive trend in fire occurrence (increased number of fire occurrence every year from 2017-2019), (2) accumulated active fires more than 50% and less than 75% of the distribution, (3) 60% or higher probability of lower than average rainfall, and (4) 60 % or higher probability of higher than average temperature, which represents the climatological condition for increased risk of fire occurrences.
Attention
This is defined as: (1) a positive trend in fire occurrence (increased number of fire occurrences
every year from 2017-2019), (2) the number of accumulated active fires is less than 50% of the
distribution, but it has one or none of the climatological conditions including (3) probability of
below-average rainfall and (4) probability of above-average temperature.
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Observation
This is defined as: (1) areas with a negative trend of hot pixels, (2) high accumulated fire values (> 75%) in areas where both or one of the meteorological variables, (3) rainfall or (4) temperature, is forecast with a probability of 60% or higher for enhanced fire-prone conditions.
Low Probability
This is defined as: (1) areas without fires detected for the Aug-Oct period since 2017 or with negative fire trend, (2) accumulated hot pixels lower than 75%, although one of the meteorological conditions (3) rain or (4) temperature may have a high probability for establishing a condition for fire spread. This category also includes areas where the trend is negative and both climatological conditions for fire risk have lower probabilities to occur.
Table 2. Summary of the variables for the different fire probability categories.
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Recommendations
Here we summarise a list of recommendations to support the bodies responsible for the Protected Areas:
* Be aware of areas that might have High Alert and Alert status.
* Limit fire use in High Alert and Alert regions until the end of October or the onset of the rainy season.
* Co-develop a strategy with the local communities to establish a support network when fire use is necessary: contact the fire brigade and fire fighter volunteers to be present before, during and after the fire use in the management lands. This is particularly important for assisting an elderly population, or small families which may not have the capacity to combat fire if it escapes to the surrounding areas.
* Take more precautions when using fire in High Alert and Alert areas: create firebreaks, observe the wind direction and the day temperature before starting the fire, check the fuel load (grass, trees, shrubs, wooden infrastructure), have extinguishing strategies in place.
* Communicate the fire probability to local communities living inside and surrounding Protected Areas. Discuss mitigation strategies and exchange contacts.
* Check communication equipment is available and functioning: radio devices, batteries, telephone lines, internet.
* Organise a contact list of key people: community leaders, fire brigade, Protected Area Managers, local Associations, Local Secretariats and NGOs, local media and press. This information should be in a visible and accessible place.
* Organise group discussions by the Protected Area managers, teams and local communities to prepare management plans for fire probability and a response strategy in case of wildfires.
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10
Technical Information
Seasonal forecast for temperature and rainfall:
August – October 2020
This seasonal outlook provides an indication of possible temperature and rainfall conditions over South America over the next 3 months - August to October. The forecast is the average for the period, and is based on information from observations, seasonal forecast systems including GloSea5
6,7and expert judgment.
Summary: Temperature and Rainfall
For August-September-October 2020 as a whole, above average temperatures are more likely than below-average temperatures over much of the continent, with the highest probability for above-average across the Northwest, and in central-eastern Brazil. Rainfall is more likely to be below average across central and eastern regions (Figure 2). The combination of above average temperatures and below average rainfall could have implications for areas exposed to a higher probability of fire threat over the forthcoming fire season, if fuel and ignitions are also present, as illustrated in Figure 1.
For most of the central and north of the South American continent shown in Figure 2, the GloSea5
7forecast probabilities for above median temperature are above 60% for 2020. The highest probability for above average temperature is over the East and Northwest, where forecast probabilities exceed 80%. Across the far northwest of Brazil there is a signal for below median temperatures in GloSea5. There is good agreement across different seasonal forecast models for higher than average temperatures across most of the continent.
11 Figure 2: Forecast probabilities (%) above the climatological median (1993-2016) for temperature (left) and rainfall (right) for August-October 2020. The orange areas indicate above average temperature / below average rainfall, and the blue areas indicate below average temperature / above average rainfall.
Central and eastern regions are more likely to see below-median rainfall, including Brazil, eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and Paraguay, as well as regions across southern Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Chile and southern Argentina. In general across most of the continent, above-average rainfall is unlikely. However there is a signal for enhanced rainfall in the north of the continent across a number of models including GloSea5, which may extend into northern Brazil. The highest probability for below average rainfall is in the far east and centre of the continent. There is agreement across different seasonal forecast models for drier than average conditions across the far south, central and east of the continent, and for above average rainfall in the far north. Some of these signals are likely to be driven by the increasing signal for La Niña conditions in the Pacific.
Forecast skill
8is generally higher for temperature than for rainfall in GloSea5 (Figure 3). The
skill level is high in the north, east and far west of the South American continent for above-
average temperature forecasts. It is lower in the south, and the lowest skill is in the centre of
the region (west Brazil/east Bolivia). There are areas of skill across the continent for rainfall,
while the lowest skill for forecasts of below-average rainfall is across the west.
12 Figure 3: ROC forecast skill scores for above median temperature (left) and rainfall (right). A ROC score of greater than 0.5 means the forecast has skill.
The probability forecast maps presented in this report show the probability of the three-month average temperature/rainfall being above the climatological median (1993-2016) using the Met Office GloSea5
7seasonal forecast system. The probability of the three-month mean being below average is the opposite, i.e. a 20% probability of above average temperature corresponds to an 80% probability of below average temperature. The orange colours indicate a high probability for above average temperature and below average rainfall; blue colours indicate below average temperature and above average rainfall. White colours are where probabilities are evenly balanced (between 40% and 60%). Where comparisons with other seasonal forecast models are referred to, these are based on 5 other systems available from the Copernicus Climate Change Service
9.
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Fire trend: August – October 2020
The fire trend (Figure 4a) was calculated using the hot pixel VIIRS product, covering the months from August to October, from 2017 to 2019. The slope of the trend regression is defined as (Equation 1):
where x corresponds to the specific year (independent variable), x̅ is the average of all years, y is the number of hot pixels (dependent variable) for the specific year x, and y̅ is the average of hot pixels between all years.
In addition to the fire trend (Figure 4a), the quartiles of the accumulated hot pixels occurring in the August-October period from 2017 to 2019, per PA was also considered (Figure 4b).
Areas with 50% or 75% of fires concentrated during the period were also used to stratify the PA into the different fire probability categories.
Figure 4: a) Fire trend and b) accumulated hot pixels for the South American Protected Areas, (2017-2019, period August to October).
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Protected Areas
Although the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
10establishes six general protected areas management categories, each country has its own category system according to their different scopes. Many protected areas do not fall under the general IUCN categories, thus making it difficult to compare them between different countries. Among the areas with High Alert, there are: 24 Indigenous Area/Reserve/Territory, 10 Environmental Protection Area, 5 Municipal Protected Area/Reserve, 5 Park/Regional Park/National Park, 4 Wildlife Refuge/Sanctuary, 3 National/State Forests, 2 Extractive Reserve, 2 UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve, 2 World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) and one of each of the following categories: Biosphere Reserve and Indigenous Territory, Communal Reserve, Departmental Park, Departmental Reserve, Ecological Station, Natural Integrated Management Area, Natural Monument, Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance, Regional Conservation Area and Watershed Protection Area.
In Table 3, below, a summary of the protected areas and fire occurrence for the August- October period is presented, covering 2017 to 2019. Brazil, Colombia and Argentina have the highest number of protected areas, and Venezuela and French Guiana have more than 50% of their territories under this land tenure. Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay have the highest number of hot pixels per km
2of the Protected Areas.
Table 3. Summary of the Protected Areas and fire occurrence per country, for the August- October, 2017-2019 period.
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Glossary
Climatological median: The central value of the Aug-Sep-Oct average temperatures or rainfall, over the period 1993-2016.
GloSea5: Met Office seasonal forecasting system, based on the HadGEM3 global climate model.
Hot pixel: Temperature anomaly detected by satellite over the land surface of the planet. The hot pixel is a proxy for an active fire on the ground.
Probability: The likelihood of the event happening or being the case. In this report, we focus on the probability of lower than average rainfall and higher than average temperature occurring, for the average of the August-October period.
ROC score: A measure of skill in seasonal forecasting. Values above 0.5 mean the forecast has more skill than simply using climatology.
Trend: Tendency of fire occurrence. The trend can be positive, negative or statistically no different from zero, thus no trend. Positive trend means that each year, more fires are occurring inside the Protected Area. Negative trend means that the total number of fires inside the Protected Area is decreasing. No trend means that the number of fires occurring inside the protected area is more or less constant, which can be low or high.
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References
1. ANDERSON LO; TRIVEDI M; QUEIROZ J; ARAGÃO LEOC; MARENGO J; YOUNG C; MEIR P.
Counting the costs of the 2005 Amazon drought: A preliminary assessment, 2011. Technical Report, Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation in Amazonia, 196 pg, 2011.
2. CAMPANHARO W; LOPES A; ANDERSON LO; MORELLO T; ARAGÃO L. Translating Fire Impacts in Southwestern Amazonia into Economic Costs. Remote Sens. 2019, 11(7), 764;
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070764
3. REDDINGTON CL; BUTT EW; Ridley DA; ARTAXO P, MORGAN WT; COE H, et al. Air quality and human health: improvements from reductions in deforestation-related fire in Brazil. Nat Geosci 2015;8:768–71.
4. ARAGÃO LEOC; ANDERSON LO; FONSECA MG; ROSAN TM; VEDOVATO L; WAGNER F; SILVA C;
JUNIOR C; ARAI E; AGUIAR AP; BARLOW J; BERENGUER E; DEETER M; DOMINGUES L; GATTI L;
GLOOR M; MALHI Y; MARENGO J; MILLER J; PHILLIPS O; SAATCHI S. 21st Century drought-related fires counteract the decline of Amazon deforestation carbon emissions. Nature Communications, 9, ( 536).
5. Programa QUEIMADAS (INPE). Data available at: http://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal- static/estatisticas_paises/ (accessed on the 29th July 2020)
6. MACLACHLAN C; ARIBAS A; PETERSON KA; MAIDENS A; FEREDAY D; SCAIFE AA; GORDON M;
VELLINGA M; WILLIAMS A; COMER RE; CAMP J; XAVIER P; MADEC G. Global Seasonal forecast system version 5 (GloSea5): a high‐ resolution seasonal forecast system.Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2396
7. GloSea5 forecast maps available at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to- decadal/gpc-outlooks/glob-seas-prob
8. GloSea5 skill maps available at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to- decadal/gpc-outlooks/glob-seas-prob-skill
9. Copernicus multi-model comparisons available at:
https://climate.copernicus.eu/charts/c3s_seasonal/?time=2020070100,720,2020080100&type=prob&
area=area13
10. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), available at: https://www.iucn.org/
Country Protected area name Protected area category Area (km²)
Bolivia El Dorado Wildlife Refuge 1,717.15
Pilón Lajas Indigenous Territory 4,008.09
San Ignacio Municipal Protected Area 766.50
Estancias Elsner Espírir Wildlife Refuge 1,000.96
San Rafael Municipal Protected Area 671.43
Pampas del río Yacuma Natural Integrated Management Area 5,962.28
Cabeceras del Maniqui Municipal Protected Area 2,477.84
Cobaipo Municipal Protected Area 3,431.71
Laguna de Marfil Municipal Reserve 67.53
Estación Biológica del Beni Biosphere Reserve 1,348.43
Noel Kempff Mercado National Park 16,172.01
Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Indigenous Territory 3,858.59
Ríos Blanco y Negro Wildlife Reserve 13,988.33
Valle de Tucavaca Departmental Reserve 2,640.41
Pedro Ignacio Muiba Regional Park 719.99
Chuchini Wildlife Sanctuary 75.30
Eva Eva Mosetenes Watershed Protection Area 2,248.78
Humedales del Norte Departmental Park 4,917.26
Estación Biológica Beni UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 1,348.43
Noel Kempff Mercado National Park World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) 16,118.36
Brazil Ilha do Bananal Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 5,892.03
Areões Indigenous Area 1,802.82
Tapirapé/Karajá Indigenous Area 660.77
Funil Indigenous Area 158.38
Taunay/Ipegue Indigenous Area 88.11
Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Area 3,276.49
Pirineus de Souza Indigenous Area 284.46
Urubu Branco Indigenous Area 1,676.68
Nambikwara Indigenous Area 10,100.60
Tubarão Latunde Indigenous Area 1,167.41
Cachoeirinha Indigenous Area 363.07
Inawebohona Indigenous Area 3,773.37
Trincheira Bacaja Indigenous Area 16,546.63
Paresi Indigenous Area 5,622.65
Utiariti Indigenous Area 4,098.28
Tirecatinga Indigenous Area 1,304.81
São Marcos - MT Indigenous Reserve 1,742.11
Merure Indigenous Area 827.86
Parque do Aripuanã Indigenous Area 16,007.97
Erikbaktsa Indigenous Area 810.98
Sararé Indigenous Area 674.49
Terena Gleba Iriri Indigenous Reserve 305.41
Krenrehé Indigenous Reserve 59.50
Krahó-Kanela Indigenous Reserve 76.99
Parque Estadual Encontro Das Águas Park 1,081.28
Área De Proteção Ambiental Jalapão Environmental Protection Area 1,349.51
Área De Proteção Ambiental Do Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area 218.73 Área De Proteção Ambiental Serra Da Ibiapaba Environmental Protection Area 16,241.89 Área De Proteção Ambiental Dos Morros Garapenses Environmental Protection Area 2,343.00 Área De Proteção Ambiental Foz Do Rio Santa Tereza Environmental Protection Area 501.44
Floresta Nacional Altamira Forest 7,252.56
Parque Nacional Das Nascentes Do Rio Parnaiba Park 7,497.70
Floresta Estadual Do Araguaia Forest 223.38
Área De Proteção Ambiental Lago De Peixe/Angical Environmental Protection Area 754.52 Área De Proteção Ambiental Serra Geral De Goiás Environmental Protection Area 441.47 Área De Proteção Ambiental Delta Do Parnaiba Environmental Protection Area 3,095.90
Parque Nacional Do Araguaia Park 5,555.04
Reserva Extrativista Terra Grande Pracuuba Extractive Reserve 1,948.64
Área De Proteção Ambiental Da Foz Do Rio Das Preguiças -
Pequenos Lençóis - Região Lagunar Adjacente Environmental Protection Area 2,061.78
Reserva Extrativista Rio Cajari Extractive Reserve 5,324.05
Estação Ecológica Do Castanhão Ecological Station 125.80
Floresta Nacional Do Jamanxim Forest 13,015.97
Área De Proteção Ambiental Marimbus / Iraquara Environmental Protection Area 1,248.86
Ecuador Sangay National Park World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) 2,509.81
Peru El Sira Communal Reserve 6,168.52
Imiria Regional Conservation Area 1,358.22
Paraguay Gran Chaco UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 45,774.81
Cerro Chovoreca Natural Monument 983.33
Annex 1
Identification of priority areas under High Alert for reducing the likelihood of burning and forest fires in South America August to October 2020
Country
(ISO3) Protected area name Protected area category Area (km²) Alert Status
ARG Laguna Negra Multiple Use Provincial Reserve 13.38 Low Probability
ARG Cipresal de las Guaitecas Protected Nature Area 38.91 Low Probability
ARG Ría Azul - Lago Escondido Protected Nature Area 766.39 Low Probability
ARG San Guillermo - Zona núcleo UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 1,639.75 Observation
ARG Ñacuñan UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 281.94 Low Probability
ARG Pereyra Iraola UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 102.78 Low Probability
ARG Rio Valdez Multiple Use Provincial Reserve 27.43 Low Probability
ARG Playa Larga Nature and Cultural Reserve 0.32 Low Probability
ARG Abra del Acay Nature Monument 381.81 Observation
ARG San Guillermo - Zona de amortiguamiento UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 7,821.57 Observation
ARG Lagunas de San Vicente Municipal Nature Reserve 7.19 Low Probability
ARG Andino Norpatagónica UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 23,574.35 Alert
ARG Parque Atlántico Mar Chiquito UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 286.23 Attention
ARG Parque Costero del Sur UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 267.70 Low Probability
ARG Delta del Parana UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 910.64 Attention
ARG Laguna Oca del Rio Paraguay UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 617.18 Attention
ARG Laguna Blanca UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 6,424.43 Low Probability
ARG Epulauquen Tourist and Forest Provincial Reserve 308.97 Low Probability
ARG Copahue Caviahue Provincial Park 287.53 Alert
ARG Chañy Forest Reserve 49.87 Low Probability
ARG Batea Mahuida Forest Reserve 20.43 Low Probability
ARG Nant y Fall (Arroyo Las Caídas) Tourist Nature Reserve 6.07 Low Probability
ARG Lago Baggilt Protected Nature Area 17.65 Low Probability
ARG San Lorenzo Provincial Reserve 215.21 Low Probability
ARG Lago del Desierto Provincial Reserve 597.47 Low Probability
ARG Punta Gruesa Provincial Reserve 23.17 Low Probability
ARG Corazon de la Isla Multiple Use Provincial Reserve 1,022.50 Low Probability
ARG Azul Provincial Park 71.85 Low Probability
ARG Itacuarahy Private Refuge 2.44 Low Probability
ARG Chancay Private Wildlife Refuge 2.66 Low Probability
ARG Lago Epuyén Forest Reserve 189.16 Observation
ARG Río Turbio Provincial Park and Forest Reserve 748.85 Low Probability
ARG Florencio de Basaldua Nature Monument 2.49 Low Probability
ARG El Paraíso Private Reserve 4.38 Low Probability
ARG Ingeniero Agrónomo Roberto Cametti Provincial Park 1.30 Low Probability
ARG Yaguarundi Private Wildlife Refuge 4.03 Low Probability
ARG Teyú Cuare Provincial Park 0.79 Low Probability
ARG Sierra Crovetto Provincial Park 10.22 Low Probability
ARG Chachi Private Wildlife Refuge 0.18 Low Probability
ARG Mbotaby Ecological Reserve 0.13 Low Probability
ARG Cerro Azul Multiple Use Reserve 3.85 Low Probability
ARG Paraje los Indios Municipal Nature Park 0.21 Low Probability
Annex 2
Identification of priority areas for reducing the likelihood of burning and forest fires in South America August to October 2020
ARG Amado Bonpland Municipal Nature Park 0.05 Low Probability
ARG Puerto San Juan Private Reserve 2.62 Attention
ARG Cuña Pirú Private Reserve 54.91 Low Probability
ARG Isla Palacios Nature Monument 1.68 Low Probability
ARG Caa Pora Private Reserve 0.40 Low Probability
ARG La Ponderosa Private Reserve 1.99 Low Probability
ARG Uruzu Provincial Park 24.88 Low Probability
ARG Urugua-í Wildlife Reserve 31.49 Low Probability
ARG Valle del Arroyo Cuña-Pirú Provincial Park 123.72 Attention
ARG Grupo de la Isla Provincial Park 0.17 Low Probability
ARG Guaramboca Provincial Park 21.69 Low Probability
ARG Yacuy Provincial Park 3.61 Low Probability
ARG Puerto Peninsula Provincial Park 69.80 Low Probability
ARG Papel Misionero Cultural Nature Reserve 104.81 Low Probability
ARG Guarani Experimental Area 52.16 Low Probability
ARG San Miguel de la Frontera Private Reserve 52.09 Attention
ARG Sierra de San Javier University Park 121.28 Attention
ARG Quebrada del Portugués Nature Reserve 76.91 Low Probability
ARG Cumbres Calchaquies Provincial Park 679.31 Observation
ARG Santa Ana Nature Reserve 172.61 Low Probability
ARG La Angostura Strict Nature Reserve 16.72 Low Probability
ARG Los Sosa Nature Reserve 27.00 Attention
ARG La Florida Provincial Park 93.37 Low Probability
ARG Las Lancitas Provincial Nature Reserve 110.83 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Pintascayo Provincial Park 158.10 Low Probability
ARG Carabajal Wildlife Reserve 11.00 Low Probability
ARG Quebrada de Humahuaca Protected Landscape 5,460.31 Low Probability
ARG Ischigualasto Provincial Park 665.40 Low Probability
ARG Valle Fértil Multiple Use Reserve 7,776.00 Attention
ARG Cerro Alcázar Nature Monument 1.02 Low Probability
ARG Pedernal Protected Landscape 193.70 Attention
ARG La Ciénaga Protected Nature Area 139.66 Low Probability
ARG Villavicencio Private Reserve 624.30 Low Probability
ARG Dique Quebrada de Ullum Protected Landscape 4.40 Low Probability
ARG Islote Muicipal Curupi Municipal Reserve 0.17 Low Probability
ARG Islas de Victoria Multiple Use Nature Reserve 4,303.14 Attention
ARG Boca de la Laguna Herradura Fisheries Reserve 2.19 Low Probability
ARG Boca del Rio Bermejo Fisheries Reserve 3.57 Low Probability
ARG Arroyo Ramirez Fisheries Reserve 2.19 Low Probability
ARG Puerto Dalmacia Fisheries Reserve 1.65 Low Probability
ARG Apipé Grande Provincial Nature Reserve 47.07 Attention
ARG Rincón de Santa María Provincial Nature Reserve 71.38 Attention
ARG La Aurora del Palmar Private Wildlife Refuge 21.23 Low Probability
ARG Bahía de Samborombón Integral Nature Reserve 3,871.69 Attention
ARG Pehuen Co-Monte Hermoso Nature Reserve 572.24 Low Probability
ARG Arroyo Zabala Multiple Use Nature Reserve 15.80 Low Probability
ARG Ernesto Tornquist Provincial Park 70.26 Low Probability
ARG Rincón de Ajó Integral Nature Reserve 14.96 Low Probability
ARG Guardia del Juncal Municipal Nature Reserve 1.30 Low Probability
ARG Punta Lara Mixed Integral Nature Reserve 55.84 Low Probability
ARG Mar Chiquita Multiple Use Nature Reserve 83.65 Attention
ARG Rio Lujan Multiple Use Nature Reserve 12.52 Low Probability
ARG Barranca Norte Nature Reserve 1.17 Low Probability
ARG Mar Chiquita Wildlife Refuge 629.56 Attention
ARG Arroyo Los Gauchos Multiple Use Nature Reserve 5.66 Low Probability
ARG Arroyo El Durazno Nature Reserve 4.41 Low Probability
ARG Caleta de los Loros Multiple Use Reserve 90.79 Low Probability
ARG Complejo Islote Lobos Scientific Nature Reserve 186.81 Low Probability
ARG Punta Bermeja Protected Nature Area 18.97 Low Probability
ARG Península de Magallanes Provincial Reserve and Park 454.77 Low Probability
ARG Loro Hablador Provincial Reserve 190.83 Low Probability
ARG Isla de Las Damas Municipal Nature Reserve 15.06 Low Probability
ARG Isla Del Cerrito Provincial Park 109.12 Low Probability
ARG Potrero de Yala Provincial Park 45.46 Low Probability
ARG Los Diques Provincial Reserve 216.13 Low Probability
ARG Lotes 1703-1704-4325-4326-4336-19866 Multiple Use Reserve 253.52 Low Probability
ARG Acambuco Flora and Fauna Reserve 80.04 Attention
ARG Fracciones 50 y 51 del Lote Fiscal 3 Multiple Use Nature Reserve 76.22 Attention
ARG Islote de la Gaviota Cangrejera Integral Nature Reserve 2.92 Low Probability
ARG Zanjon de Loreto Urban Multiple Use Nature Reserve 12.14 Low Probability
ARG San Guillermo Provincial Park 9,459.81 Low Probability
ARG Bosques Protectores Reserva Pública 18.40 Low Probability
ARG Finca Las Costas Multiple Use Nature Reserve 108.09 Low Probability
ARG Quebrada de Cafayate Managed Nature Reserve 953.30 Low Probability
ARG Angastaco Nature Monument 137.42 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Leandro Nature Monument 3.52 Low Probability
ARG Don Carmelo Private Reserve 399.69 Low Probability
ARG El Gato y Lomas Limpias Multiple Use Reserve 997.81 Attention
ARG Escuela Rural Juan B. Alberdi Multiple Use Reserve 0.15 Low Probability
ARG Escuela Rural Enrique Berduc Multiple Use Reserve 5.64 Low Probability
ARG Limay Mahuida Nature Reserve 71.74 Low Probability
ARG Parque Luro Flora and Fauna Reserve with Managed Resources 96.77 Low Probability
ARG La Reforma Nature Reserve 82.94 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Guatrache Nature Reserve 54.62 Low Probability
ARG Laguna La Felipa Nature Fauna Reserve 12.76 Low Probability
ARG Riacho Teuquito UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 897.17 Observation
ARG Valdés UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 19,480.89 Attention
ARG Yabotí UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 2,280.86 Low Probability
ARG Las Yungas UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 13,490.20 Low Probability
ARG Patagonia Azul UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 30,640.05 Observation
ARG Laguna Brava Provincial Refuge 4,186.14 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Salada Grande Forest Reserve 2,976.23 Attention
ARG Chasico Nature Reserve of Define Objects 78.13 Low Probability
ARG Piñalito Provincial Park 37.87 Low Probability
ARG Salto Encantado Valle Ao. Cuña Piru Provincial Park 9.18 Low Probability
ARG Santa Maria del Aguaray mini Private Reserve 0.24 Low Probability
ARG Guardaparque Horacio Foerster Provincial Park 41.64 Low Probability
ARG Cruce Caballero Provincial Park 5.37 Low Probability
ARG Araucaria Provincial Park 0.92 Low Probability
ARG Andres Giai Protected Landscape 0.12 Low Probability
ARG Corpus Ichthyic Reserve 8.35 Low Probability
ARG Esmeralda Provincial Park 312.74 Attention
ARG Moconá Provincial Park 7.53 Low Probability
ARG Lote \C\" Huerto Municipal" Municipal Nature Park 0.95 Low Probability
ARG Esperanza Provincial Park 6.71 Low Probability
ARG Aguaray-mí Private Reserve 32.67 Low Probability
ARG Timbó Gigante Private Refuge 1.40 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Aleusco Tourist Nature Reserve 10.16 Low Probability
ARG Cabo dos Bahías Tourist Nature Reserve 1.94 Low Probability
ARG Tomo Private Reserve 15.22 Low Probability
ARG Yarará Municipal Nature Park 0.10 Low Probability
ARG Punta del Márquez Tourist and Scientific Research Nature Reserve 0.51 Low Probability
ARG Costa Atlántica Tierra del Fuego Hemispheric Shorebird Reserve 761.54 Alert
ARG Rio Limay Protected Nature Area - Protected Landscape 170.08 Low Probability
ARG Meseta de Somuncurá Protected Nature Area 16,158.03 Alert
ARG Ría de Puerto Deseado Intangible Nature Reserve 75.55 Low Probability
ARG Península San Julián Provincial Reserve 74.40 Low Probability
ARG Cueva de las Manos Nature Historical and Cultural Heritage Site 101.67 Low Probability
ARG Tucu-Tucu Provincial Reserve 1,826.33 Attention
ARG Meseta Lago Strobel Reserve with purposes of public utility 121.27 Low Probability
ARG Pint Rupestres Rio Chalia o Shehuen Provincial Reserve 132.46 Observation
ARG Isla Solitaria Limited Use Area Under Special Protection 68.90 Low Probability
ARG Los Escarchados Provincial Nature Reserve 21.04 Low Probability
ARG Bloque Herratico Nature Monument 26.28 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Azul Provincial Reserve 13.03 Low Probability
ARG Cabo Vírgenes Provincial Reserve 24.34 Observation
ARG Aves Migratorias Provincial Reserve 58.83 Low Probability
ARG Bahía San Julián Limited Use Area Under Special Protection 28.56 Low Probability
ARG Bahía Laura Intangible Nature Reserve 51.84 Low Probability
ARG Isla Pinguinos Provincial Reserve 9.31 Low Probability
ARG Monte Loayza Provincial Reserve 76.06 Low Probability
ARG Cabo Blanco Intangible Nature Reserve 36.57 Low Probability
ARG Barco Hundido Provincial Reserve 111.32 Low Probability
ARG Humedal Caleta Olivia Provincial Reserve 2.74 Low Probability
ARG Meseta Espinosa y El Cordon Hydrological Reserve 2,635.01 Observation
ARG Península de Valdés Tourist Nature Reserve 3,875.88 Low Probability
ARG Bosque Petrificado Ea. La Urbana Provincial Nature Reserve 320.78 Low Probability
ARG Cañadón de Profundidad Provincial Park 0.52 Low Probability
ARG Fachinal Provincial Park 0.51 Low Probability
ARG Rincon Nazari Urban Nature Reserve 0.11 Low Probability
ARG Tupa Poja - Lote 71 A Private Reserve 0.45 Low Probability
ARG Alto Andina de la Chinchilla Provincial Reserve 3,217.20 Low Probability
ARG Olaroz Caucharí Provincial Faunal Reserve 2,092.92 Low Probability
ARG Los Andes Nature Wildlife Reserve 15,191.63 Attention
ARG Domuyo Protected Nature Area 930.54 Low Probability
ARG Cerro Aconcagua Provincial Park 657.16 Low Probability
ARG Laguna del Diamante Nature Reserve 1,978.77 Low Probability
ARG Cordon del Plata Provincial Park 1,759.61 Low Probability
ARG Volcán Tupungato Provincial Park 1,857.19 Low Probability
ARG Castillos de Pincheira Protected Landscape Reserve 4.69 Low Probability
ARG Caverna de las Brujas Nature Reserve 1.31 Low Probability
ARG Los Morrillos Wildlife Refuge 195.44 Low Probability
ARG Puente del Inca Nature Monument 5.49 Low Probability
ARG Centro Biologico Pilaga - Zoo Provincial Reserve 5.96 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Hu Hunting Reserve 14.31 Low Probability
ARG El Bagual Private Reserve 32.25 Low Probability
ARG Agua Dulce Hunting Reserve 79.30 Attention
ARG Pampa del Indio Nature Park 222.86 Attention
ARG Divisadero Largo Nature Reserve 5.08 Low Probability
ARG Laguna La Salina Nature Reserve 36.87 Attention
ARG Ñancuñan Ecological and Forest Reserve 129.49 Low Probability
ARG Telteca Cultural and Nature Reserve 384.38 Low Probability
ARG Lote 11 Ñacuñan Forest Reserve 77.59 Low Probability
ARG Lote 9 Ñacuñan Forest Reserve 152.45 Low Probability
ARG Sierra Pintada Multiple Use Reserve 46.34 Low Probability
ARG Presidente Sarmiento Provincial Park 9.20 Low Probability
ARG Afloramiento Limoso Protected Landscape 6.55 Low Probability
ARG Loma de las Tapias Nature Park 55.81 Low Probability
ARG El Mangrullo Multiple Use Reserve 87.52 Low Probability
ARG Punta Loma Tourist Nature Reserve 17.12 Low Probability
ARG Punta León Tourist Nature Reserve 3.41 Low Probability
ARG La Humada Nature Reserve 60.50 Low Probability
ARG Embalse Casa de Piedra Nature Reserve 89.44 Low Probability
ARG Pichi Mahuida Nature Reserve 78.97 Low Probability
ARG Valle Cretacico Protected Landscape 2,407.31 Attention
ARG Bosque Petrificado Valcheta Nature Monument 1.64 Low Probability
ARG Bahía de San Antonio Protected Landscape 808.03 Low Probability
ARG Piedra del Fraile Wilderness Nature Reserve 48.09 Low Probability
ARG Alto Iguazu Wilderness Nature Reserve 0.75 Low Probability
ARG La Ascensión Wilderness Nature Reserve 145.77 Low Probability
ARG Aconquija National Reserve 120.46 Low Probability
ARG Aconquija National Park 652.30 Low Probability
ARG Iguazú National Reserve 72.13 Low Probability
ARG Iguazú National Park 512.47 Low Probability
ARG Laguna de los Pozuelos Nature Monument 217.94 Low Probability
ARG Namuncurá - Banco Burdwood I Marine National Park 24,834.19 Low Probability
ARG Namuncurá - Banco Burdwood I Marine National Reserve 5,906.45 Low Probability
ARG Patagonia National Park 536.26 Low Probability
ARG Patagonia Wilderness Nature Reserve 391.42 Low Probability
ARG Los Alerces National Park World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) 1,884.01 Low Probability
ARG Lagunas Altoandinas y Puneñas de Catamarca Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 10,826.52 Observation
ARG Bahía de Samborombón Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 1,826.20 Attention
ARG Lagunas de Guanacache, Desaguadero y del Bebedero Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 9,625.09 Attention
ARG Lagunas de Vilama Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 1,574.13 Low Probability
ARG Jaaukanigás Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 4,402.96 Attention
ARG Lagunas y Esteros del Iberá Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 223.39 Attention
ARG Lago Urugua-i Protected Landscape 120.14 Low Probability
ARG Luís Honorio Rolón Municipal Nature Park 0.13 Low Probability
ARG Alejandro Orloff Saltitos Multiple Use Reserve 3.31 Low Probability
ARG Urugua-í Provincial Park 851.73 Attention
ARG Ing. Barney Private Reserve 0.50 Low Probability
ARG Julian Freaza Private Reserve 6.23 Low Probability
ARG Isla Monte Leon Provincial Reserve 4.92 Low Probability
ARG Del Medio - Los Caballos Provincial Nature Park 16.00 Low Probability
ARG Cayastá Provincial Nature Park 3.70 Low Probability
ARG Inversora Juramento Private Reserve 126.39 Low Probability
ARG Dragones Wildlife Refuge 36.94 Low Probability
ARG Garrapata Private Nature Reserve 43.53 Low Probability
ARG Arroyo Sauce-Pavón Natural Water Reserve 803.32 Attention
ARG Federico Wildermuth Private Multiple Use Reserve 16.48 Low Probability
ARG Isleta Linda Private Multiple Use Reserve 222.38 Low Probability
ARG Potrero 7b Nature Reserve 20.15 Low Probability
ARG Arroyo Saladillo Reserva Hídrica Natural 1,883.80 Attention
ARG La Loca Nature Reserve 21.75 Low Probability
ARG El Fisco Managed Nature Reserve 15.93 Low Probability
ARG Estancia Santa Catalina Private Multiple Use Reserve 10.14 Low Probability
ARG Santa Fe la Vieja Archaeological Park 0.98 Low Probability
ARG San Justo Municipal Reserve 0.14 Low Probability
ARG Granja Esperanza University Resource Reserve 0.65 Low Probability
ARG Manzano Historico Protected Nature and Cultural and Landscape Reserve 9.30 Low Probability
ARG Cuartel Victoria Multiple Use Reserve 4.38 Low Probability
ARG Lapacho Cué Private Wildlife Refuge 1.62 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Brava Provincial Nature Reserve 0.80 Low Probability
ARG Isla Martin Garcia Multiple Use Nature Reserve 1.94 Low Probability
ARG Laguna de los Pozuelos Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 211.11 Low Probability
ARG Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 112.46 Low Probability
ARG Parque Nacional Rio Pilcomayo Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 515.04 Attention
ARG Reserva Costa Atlantica de Tierra del Fuego Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 794.17 Alert
ARG Reserva Provincial Laguna de Llancanelo Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 422.25 Low Probability
ARG Humedal Laguna Melincué Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 935.87 Attention
ARG Iberá - Núcleo Carambola National Reserve 75.14 Attention
ARG Iberá - Rincón del Socorro/Iberá National Park 149.82 Low Probability
ARG Namuncurá - Banco Burdwood II Marine Strict Nature Reserve 19,785.69 Low Probability
ARG Baritú National Park 682.07 Low Probability
ARG Ciervo de los Pantanos National Park 55.59 Attention
ARG El Rey National Park 401.91 Low Probability
ARG Bañados del Río Dulce y Laguna de Mar Chiquita Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 10,902.88 Attention
ARG Laguna Brava Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 4,227.63 Low Probability
ARG Humedales Chaco Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 4,821.61 Attention
ARG Parque Provincial El Tromen Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 354.14 Low Probability
ARG Reserva Natural Otamendi Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 40.85 Low Probability
ARG Glaciar Vinciguerra y Turberas Asociadas Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 27.60 Low Probability
ARG Palmar Yatay Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 228.06 Attention
ARG Humedales de Península Valdés Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 427.60 Low Probability
ARG Delta del Paraná Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 2,430.98 Attention
ARG Reserva Natural Villavicencio Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 624.30 Low Probability
ARG Ñochilei-co Nature Reserve 247.70 Attention
ARG Salitral Encantado Nature Reserve 968.66 Attention
ARG Serranias de Zapla Multiple Use Municipal Ecological Reserve 371.32 Low Probability
ARG Laguna del Atuel Natural Water Reserve 321.90 Low Probability
ARG Laguna de los Pozuelos - Zona de amortiguamiento UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 5,239.34 Attention
ARG Laguna de los Pozuelos - Zona núcleo UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 135.59 Attention
ARG Iguazu National Park World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) 586.04 Low Probability
ARG Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) 2,694.65 Low Probability
ARG Los Glaciares National Park World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) 7,194.53 Low Probability
ARG Península Valdés World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) 3,846.07 Low Probability
ARG Islas de Santa Fé National Park 35.21 Low Probability
ARG Iberá - Núcleo San Nicolás/San Alonso National Park 1,079.75 Low Probability
ARG San Antonio Strict Nature Reserve 4.79 Low Probability
ARG Monte León National Park 562.69 Low Probability
ARG Perito Moreno National Park 952.97 Low Probability
ARG Nahuel Huapi National Reserve 2,380.56 Observation
ARG Isla de los Estados y Archipiélago de Año Nuevo Wilderness Nature Reserve 502.06 Low Probability
ARG Los Glaciares National Park 5,368.39 Low Probability
ARG Los Glaciares National Reserve 1,898.06 Low Probability
ARG Los Alerces National Park 1,884.53 Low Probability
ARG Los Alerces National Reserve 714.00 Attention
ARG Lanín National Reserve 1,933.13 Low Probability
ARG Lanín National Park 2,182.39 Low Probability
ARG Lago Puelo National Reserve 85.43 Low Probability
ARG Perito Moreno National Reserve 320.02 Low Probability
ARG El Rincón Wilderness Nature Reserve 150.01 Low Probability
ARG Bosque Petrificado Sarmiento Tourist Nature Reserve 18.86 Low Probability
ARG Piedra Parada Tourist Nature Reserve 1.31 Low Probability
ARG Chaco National Park 149.31 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Blanca National Park 77.44 Low Probability
ARG Quebrada del Condorito National Park 245.79 Low Probability
ARG Talampaya National Park 2,131.10 Low Probability
ARG Laguna Blanca National Reserve 35.01 Low Probability
ARG Los Cardones National Park 646.70 Low Probability
ARG El Nogalar de Los Toldos National Reserve 32.74 Attention
ARG Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park 634.94 Low Probability
ARG Monte León National Reserve 65.52 Low Probability
ARG Baterías - Charles Darwin Nature Reserve of Defense 10.11 Low Probability
ARG Cambyreta Wilderness Nature Reserve 117.17 Low Probability
ARG Los Arrayanes National Park 17.87 Low Probability
ARG Colonia Benítez Educational Nature Reserve 0.07 Low Probability
ARG Calilegua National Park 775.21 Low Probability
ARG El Palmar National Park 82.21 Attention
ARG Pizarro National Reserve 78.74 Low Probability
ARG Mar Chiquita - Dragones de Malvinas Nature Reserve of Defense 18.62 Low Probability
ARG Campo Garabato Nature Reserve of Defense 26.55 Low Probability
ARG Isla El Tala Nature Reserve of Defense 69.29 Attention
ARG La Calera Nature Reserve of Defense 136.23 Low Probability
ARG Punta Buenos Aires Nature Reserve of Defense 82.40 Low Probability
ARG Ascochinga Nature Reserve of Defense 33.97 Low Probability
ARG Punta Tombo Tourist Nature Reserve 2.37 Low Probability
ARG Lago Puelo National Park 190.50 Low Probability
ARG Monte de las Barrancas Wildlife Refuge 76.52 Low Probability
ARG Bañado la Estrella Provincial Nature Reserve 3,728.13 Observation
ARG Los Palmares Flora and Fauna Reserve 141.77 Attention
ARG Copo Multiple Use Provincial Reserve 773.91 Attention
ARG Fuerte Esperanza Provincial Park 104.91 Low Probability
ARG La Payunia Total Reserve 6,828.45 Low Probability
ARG El Tromen Provincial Park 300.03 Low Probability
ARG Cañada Molina Provincial Nature Monument 1.70 Low Probability
ARG Auca Mahuida Multiple Use Nature Reserve 764.36 Attention
ARG Cuchillo-Cura Provincial Park 3.86 Low Probability
ARG Boca del Chimehuin Provincial Park 18.28 Low Probability
ARG Salinas Grandes Multiple Use Provincial Reserve 2,217.31 Attention
ARG Nahuel Huapi National Park 4,782.82 Low Probability
ARG Iberá - Núcleo Cambyretá National Park 234.82 Low Probability
ARG Formosa Nature Reserve 90.75 Low Probability
ARG Puerto Península Nature Reserve of Defense 80.62 Low Probability
ARG Estancia Ralicó Nature Forest Reserve 152.48 Low Probability
ARG Lihué Calel National Park 325.55 Low Probability
ARG Bosques Petrificados Nature Monument 149.93 Low Probability
ARG El Leoncito National Park 901.71 Low Probability
ARG Sierra de las Quijadas National Park 737.61 Low Probability
ARG Mburucuyá National Park 177.19 Low Probability
ARG El Impenetrable National Park 1,278.30 Attention
ARG Pampa de Achala Provincial Water Reserve 1,543.72 Low Probability
ARG Campos del Tuyú National Park 30.48 Low Probability
ARG Chancani Provincial Nature Park and Natural Forest Reserve 50.04 Low Probability
ARG Bahía Blanca, Bahía Falsa y Bahía Verde Multiple Use Nature Reserve 2,546.16 Low Probability
ARG Bahía San Blas Wildlife Refuge 1,220.56 Low Probability
ARG Iberá Provincial Nature Reserve 11,441.80 Attention
ARG Bañados del Río Dulce y Laguna de Mar Chiquita Multiple Use Provincial Reserve 10,486.28 Attention
ARG Cerro Colorado Nature and Cultural Reserve 28.15 Low Probability
ARG La Quebrada Nature Water Reserve 42.19 Low Probability
ARG Pre-Delta National Park 26.73 Low Probability
ARG Traslasierra National Park 278.38 Low Probability
ARG Quebrada del Condorito National Reserve 108.03 Low Probability
ARG Iberá - Rincón del Socorro/Iberá National Reserve 160.00 Attention
ARG Iberá - Núcleo Carambola National Park 103.12 Low Probability
ARG Patagonia Austral Interjurisdictional Coastal Marine Park 1,035.71 Low Probability
ARG Copo National Park 1,180.81 Attention
ARG Río Pilcomayo National Park 508.35 Attention
BOL Los Lípez Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 193.09 Low Probability
BOL Huaripampa Municipal Park 15.62 Low Probability
BOL El Dorado Wildlife Refuge 1,717.15 High Alert
BOL Estancias San Rafael Wildlife Refuge 448.74 Attention
BOL Santa Cruz la Vieja National Historical Park 296.89 Observation
BOL Corvalan Private Protected Area 49.22 Low Probability
BOL Area de proteccion del Quebracho Colorado Wildlife Refuge 1,315.57 Observation
BOL Cotapata Integrated Management Natural Area 612.96 Low Probability
BOL Isiboro Securé Indigenous Territory 12,345.82 Observation
BOL Pilón Lajas Indigenous Territory 4,008.09 High Alert
BOL San Ignacio Municipal Protected Area 766.50 High Alert
BOL Orquídeas del Encanto Municipal Protected Area 28.62 Alert
BOL Jardín de Cactáceas de Bolivia Municipal Protected Area 224.96 Low Probability
BOL Parabanó Municipal Protected Area 375.17 Observation
BOL Serrania Sararenda-Cuevo Municipal Protected Area 528.98 Low Probability
BOL Estancias Elsner Espírir Wildlife Refuge 1,000.96 High Alert
BOL Palmera de Sao Municipal Protected Area 7.58 Low Probability
BOL Laguna Concepcion Municipal Protected Area 467.85 Observation
BOL Laguna Quirusillas Municipal Protected Area 61.39 Observation
BOL San Rafael Municipal Protected Area 671.43 High Alert
BOL Laguna Represa Sapocó Municipal Protected Area 18.56 Observation
BOL Tequeje Municipal Park 54.03 Low Probability
BOL Tres arroyos Watershed Protection Area 8.29 Attention
BOL Serrania del Tigre Alto Madidi Municipal Protected Area 326.94 Low Probability
BOL Serrania de Paramarani Watershed Protection Area 56.25 Attention
BOL Pampas del río Yacuma Natural Integrated Management Area 5,962.28 High Alert
BOL Curichi El Cuajo Municipal Protected Area 3.80 Low Probability
BOL Laguna Alalay Environmental Protection Area 2.16 Low Probability
BOL Serrania Sararenda-Camiri Municipal Protected Area 114.02 Low Probability
BOL Entre Ríos Municipal Protected Area 201.84 Attention
BOL San Nicolas Municipal Protected Area 90.97 Low Probability
BOL Monteagudo Watershed Protection Area 20.09 Attention
BOL Serranía Cordillera de los Milagros Environmental Protection Area 496.40 Low Probability
BOL Cerros de Llucancari y Taraqui Cultural Heritage Landscape 1.97 Low Probability
BOL Mallasa Cultural Heritage Landscape and National Park 2.17 Low Probability
BOL Parque de Aranjuez Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.31 Low Probability
BOL Muela del Diablo y Cerro Pachajalla Cultural Heritage Landscape 12.97 Low Probability
BOL Laguna Cota Cota Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.02 Low Probability
BOL Cóndores Lakota Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.11 Low Probability
BOL Cerro Ticani Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.49 Low Probability
BOL Jonkhomarca Cultural Heritage Landscape 1.86 Low Probability
BOL Cerro Aruntaya (23 de marzo) Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.57 Low Probability
BOL Kellumani Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.93 Low Probability
BOL Serranías de Aruntaya Cultural Heritage Landscape 1.80 Low Probability
BOL Las Animas Putupampa Cultural Heritage Landscape 25.40 Low Probability
BOL Huayllani Cultural Heritage Landscape 10.37 Low Probability
BOL Huallatanipampa Cultural Heritage Landscape 14.94 Low Probability
BOL Serranías Chicani Cultural Heritage Landscape 11.52 Low Probability
BOL Siete Lagunas Cultural Heritage Landscape 7.79 Low Probability
BOL Huaripampa Cultural Heritage Landscape 15.62 Low Probability
BOL Hampaturi Cultural Heritage Landscape 26.36 Low Probability
BOL La Cumbre (apacheta) Cultural Heritage Landscape 32.48 Low Probability
BOL El Villar Immobilization Forestry and Water Zone 73.38 Low Probability
BOL Serrania de Ticoma Wildlife Reserve 74.46 Low Probability
BOL Cerro Uchumachi Municipal Sanctuary 74.79 Attention
BOL Kaluyo Natural Integrated Management Area 74.25 Attention
BOL Incachaca Archaeological Park 74.35 Low Probability
BOL Chapare Immobilization Reserve 74.54 Attention
BOL Pocotaika Municipal Protected Area 74.20 Attention
BOL Lago San jose Municipal Protected Area 76.40 Attention
BOL Churo Negro Municipal Protected Area 74.11 Low Probability
BOL Zona de Proteccion Paisajistica Landscape Protection Area 73.64 Low Probability
BOL Cerro Viscachani Natural Reserve 74.09 Low Probability
BOL Parque Ecologico Urbano de Cobija Ecological Park 76.39 Attention
BOL Mamore Ibare Municipal Protected Area 75.27 Observation
BOL Cotapachi Natural Archaeological Monument 74.32 Attention
BOL Norte de Tiquipaya Wildlife Reserve 74.34 Attention
BOL Machia Biopark 74.49 Observation
BOL Colcapirhua Metropolitan Park 74.33 Attention
BOL San Agustin Wildlife and Forest Preserve 72.50 Low Probability
BOL Cabeceras del Maniqui Municipal Protected Area 2,477.84 High Alert
BOL Lago Tumichucua Municipal Park 76.35 Low Probability
BOL Lagarpampa Natural Integrated Management Area 303.29 Low Probability
BOL Pasorapa Natural Integrated Management Area 1,796.37 Low Probability
BOL Area de proteccion del Pino del Cerro Wildlife Refuge 47.04 Low Probability
BOL Parque Urbano Central Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.36 Low Probability
BOL Bosque de Bolognia Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.73 Low Probability
BOL Gran Jardín de la Revolución Cultural Heritage Landscape 6.00 Low Probability
BOL
Cos Challaloma-Condor Samaña, Snias Amor de Dios-Coloradas de La Florida, Co
Azusinani Cultural Heritage Landscape 4.99 Low Probability
BOL Cobaipo Municipal Protected Area 3,431.71 High Alert
BOL Curichi La Madre Municipal Protected Area 342.67 Alert
BOL Río Piraí Ecological Protection Park 291.17 Observation
BOL Laguna de Marfil Municipal Reserve 67.53 High Alert
BOL Muela del Diablo Natural Monument 54.66 Low Probability
BOL Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve 6,807.99 Low Probability
BOL Tariquía National Flora and Fauna Reserve 2,473.23 Attention
BOL Cordillera de Sama Biological Reserve 1,067.87 Low Probability
BOL Otuquis Natural Integrated Management Area 1,032.77 Attention
BOL El Palmar Natural Integrated Management Area 602.66 Attention
BOL Toro Toro National Park 168.04 Low Probability
BOL Amboró National Park 4,386.46 Observation
BOL Cavernas del Repechón Wildlife Refuge 2.07 Low Probability
BOL Carrasco National Park 6,914.88 Observation
BOL Tunari National Park 3,284.95 Attention
BOL San Matías Natural Integrated Management Area 29,305.89 Attention
BOL Estación Biológica del Beni Biosphere Reserve 1,348.43 High Alert
BOL Noel Kempff Mercado National Park 16,172.01 High Alert
BOL Cotapata National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area 612.95 Low Probability
BOL Sajama National Park 950.15 Low Probability
BOL Isiboro Securé National Park and Indigenous Territory 13,008.49 Observation
BOL Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Indigenous Territory 3,858.59 High Alert
BOL Madidi Natural Integrated Management Area 6,038.37 Attention
BOL Apolobamba National Natural Integrated Management Area 4,741.62 Attention
BOL Manuripi National Wildlife Reserve 7,467.91 Observation
BOL Ríos Blanco y Negro Wildlife Reserve 13,988.33 High Alert
BOL Tuni Condoriri National Park 91.14 Low Probability
BOL Incacasani Altamachi Andean Fauna National Reserve and National Park 227.13 Low Probability
BOL Flavio Machicado Viscarra Wildlife Sanctuary 0.66 Low Probability
BOL Mirikiri National Park 7.57 Low Probability
BOL Huancaroma Wildlife Refuge 369.11 Low Probability
BOL Yura National Park 973.16 Low Probability
BOL Llica National Park 749.27 Low Probability
BOL Cerro Tapilla Fiscal Reserve 10.66 Low Probability
BOL Lomas de Arena Regional Park 134.65 Observation
BOL Bruno Racua Wildlife Reserve 737.28 Attention
BOL Valle de Tucavaca Departmental Reserve 2,640.41 High Alert
BOL Santa Cruz La Vieja National Historic Park 172.94 Observation
BOL Rio Grande Valles Crucenos Natural Integrated Management Area 7,421.89 Attention
BOL Las Barrancas National Park 2.25 Low Probability
BOL Pedro Ignacio Muiba Regional Park 719.99 High Alert
BOL Yacuma Regional Park 2,212.61 Attention
BOL Chuchini Wildlife Sanctuary 75.30 High Alert
BOL Cañon de Chuwaqueri Tourist Natural Monument 2.99 Low Probability
BOL Meandros del Ichilo National Wildlife Reserve 240.25 Low Probability
BOL Espejillos Natural Monument 12.59 Observation
BOL Kenneth Lee Scientific Ecological and Archaeological Reserve 4,408.20 Observation
BOL Poopo National Heritage Ecological Reserve 1,298.51 Attention
BOL El Cardón Natural Park and Integrated Management Area 65.07 Low Probability
BOL Eva Eva Mosetenes Watershed Protection Area 2,248.78 High Alert
BOL Humedales del Norte Departmental Park 4,917.26 High Alert
BOL Bosquecillo de Pura Pura Cultural Heritage Landscape 1.96 Low Probability
BOL Cuchilla de Chuquiaguillo y Quebradas del río Callapa Cultural Heritage Landscape 19.73 Low Probability
BOL Laguna Yaguaru Municipal Protected Area 11.91 Low Probability
BOL Lagunas Santa Barbara y Brava Municipal Protected Area 16.61 Low Probability
BOL Parque Ecológico Auquisamaña Cultural Heritage Landscape 1.01 Low Probability
BOL Valle de la Luna y Cactareo Cultural Heritage Landscape 0.44 Low Probability
BOL Itenez Natural Integrated Management Area and Departmental Parkl 13,690.10 Observation
BOL Iñao Natural Integrated Management Area and National Park 2,634.54 Attention
BOL Aguarague National Park and Natural Integrated Management Area 1,108.90 Observation
BOL Amboró Natural Integrated Management Area 1,598.82 Observation
BOL Kaa-iya del Gran Chaco Natural Integrated Management Area and National Park 34,176.48 Alert
BOL Madidi National Park 12,761.57 Observation
BOL Otuquis National Park 9,019.71 Attention
BOL Estación Biológica Beni UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 1,348.43 High Alert
BOL Noel Kempff Mercado National Park World Heritage Site (natural or mixed) 16,118.36 High Alert
BOL Quebrada El Chape Municipal Protected Area 35.85 Attention
BRA Rio Doce State Park Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 359.97 Attention
BRA Pantanal Matogrossense Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 913.70 Low Probability
BRA Lagoa do Peixe Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 230.41 Low Probability
BRA Ilha do Bananal Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 5,892.03 High Alert
BRA Reentrancias Maranhenses Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 26,123.33 Observation
BRA Mamirauá Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance 11,474.43 Low Probability
BRA Rio Pardo Indigenous Area 1,656.19 Low Probability
BRA Jaraguá Indigenous Area 0.02 Low Probability
BRA Jeripancó Indigenous Area 6.63 Low Probability
BRA Areões Indigenous Area 1,802.82 High Alert
BRA Rio dos Pardos Indigenous Area 7.58 Low Probability
BRA Sangradouro/Volta Grande Indigenous Area 1,024.59 Observation
BRA Santana Indigenous Area 358.32 Attention
BRA Carretão I Indigenous Area 17.00 Observation
BRA Pequizal Indigenous Area 97.92 Low Probability
BRA Bom Jesus Indigenous Area 8.76 Low Probability
BRA Dourados Indigenous Reserve 34.45 Observation
BRA Tapirapé/Karajá Indigenous Area 660.77 High Alert
BRA Karajá de Aruanã I Indigenous Area 0.14 Low Probability
BRA Karajá de Aruanã III Indigenous Area 7.06 Observation
BRA Kaxinawá Nova Olinda Indigenous Area 258.08 Attention
