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ORGANIZATION
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__
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68th Meeting Washington, D. C.
July 1972
Provisional Agenda Item 17 CE68/6 (Eng.)
CORRIGENDUM 20 June 1972
MULTINATIONAL CENTERS
CORRIGENDUM
Table 1 (Page 3) and Table 2 (Page 4) of Document CE68/6 (Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences - CEPIS), should read as follows:
TABLE 1
PROFESSIONAL AND NONPROFESSIONAL STAFF
1969 1970 1971 1972
Directorof theCenter 1 1 1 1
SanitaryengineerII 1 1 1 2
ScientistII - - 1 1
SanitaryengineerI 4 (1) 6 5 4
Housingplanner 1 1 1 1
Technicalinformationspecialist - 1 (1) 1 (1) 1
Administrativeassistant 1 1 1 1
Librarian - - - 1
Printingtechnician - 1 1 1
Secretary 1 2 2 2
Stenographer 2 3 3 4
Printingassistant - - - 1
Driver 1 1 1 1
Caretaker 1 1 1 1
Totalposts 13 19 19 22
Short-termconsultants- Months 28 2 19 5
CE68/6 (Eng.) CORRIGENDUM
Page 2
TABLE 2
BUDGET 1969 - 1972
(Thousands of USS)
1969 1970 1971 1972
1. Source of funds:
PAl{O/WHO 149.5 207.3 275.0 307°2
PeruvianGovernment 50.8
Total 149.5 207.3 275.0 358.0
2. Use of funds:
Permanentstaff 98.7 157.7 188.0 289.7
Temporary consultants 16.4 3.2 45°3 9.0
Officialtravel 11,0 21.6 19,5 21.2
Suppliesand equipment 8.5 3.3 1.1 13,4
General Services 14.9 21.5 21.1 24.7
Total 149.5 207.3 275.0 358_0
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68th Meeting Washington, D.C.
July 1972
Provisional Agenda Item 17 CE68/6 (Eng.)
24 May 1972
ORIGINAL: SPANISH
MULTINATIONAL CENTERS
PAN AMERICAN CENTER FOR SANITARY ENGINEERING AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CE68/6 (Eng.)
PAN AMERICAN CENTER FOR SANITARY ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
At its 64th Meeting in 1970, the Executive Committee decided
° to recormnend that the multinational centers be reviewed. For this
purpose it proposed that the directors of the centers should attend meetings of the Committee in order to present reports on the
activ-ities and work program of the centers.
At its 66th Meeting in 1971, the Committee selected the Pan American Health Planning Center and the Pan American Center for
Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences as the bodies which were to submit the relevant reports in 1972.
Pursuant to these resolutions, this paper is submitted on the
CE68/6 (Eng.)
PAN AMERICAN CENTER FOR SANITARY ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CE68/6 (Eng.)
CONTENTS
Pa_e
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ... 1
1.1 Background ... 1
1.2 Purpose ... 2
1.3 Resources Available ... 2
1.4 Resources Required ... 4
1.5 Policy Guidelines ... 5
1.6 Organizational Structure of the Center ... 5
2. ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN ... 7
2.1 General Activities ... 7
2.2 Specific Activities ... 7
2.2.1 Main Activities Undertaken by the Center ... 9
3. PLANNING: PROGRAMMED ACTIVITIES ... 19
3.1 Introduction ... 19
3.2 Projected Picture ... 20
CE68/6 (Eng.)
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The problems of the environment are not new, but they have acquired new dimensions in the last few years.
Population growth, industrialization, the intensive urbanization which is taking place in the countries of the Americas, and the efforts
being made to achieve accelerated economic development have led, inter alia, to a progressive deterioration in the environmental characteristics of their urban areas, while the rural areas continue to suffer from serious short-comings in the matter of services. The pollution of the air, water, and
soil, the shortage of new sources of potable water, the mounting difficul-ties impeding the expansion of municipal services, such as water supply and the collection and disposal of liquid and solid wastes, have made it neces-sary to demand the maximum performance from the institutions responsible for dealing with them. The usual very limited financial resources, and the shortage of human resources, which vary in terms of numbers, capacity, and experience, have made it difficult to solve the environmental problems which have increased in magnitude in the last few years.
The Pan American Health Organization, bearing in mind the nature of environmental requirements has, for the past decade, been engaged in the progressive reorganization of its resources in a search for new ways and means of providing technical assistance to meet the needs of the Member Governments. In order to tackle the problems of sanitation, field person-nel in the Zone and Country Offices were given greater responsibilities, with a view to expediting the implementation of programs designed to im-prove environmental conditions, especially public services in basic
sani-tation. Particular stress was laid on advisory services and administrative and management aspects of agencies engaged in sanitation activities and on
cooperation in teaching, training, and research programs.
In order to intensify and facilitate the provision of technical and scientific assistance covering multidisciplinary aspects connected with the emerging and complex problems of the environment, the Organization decided
· to fulfill an old dream of the sanitary engineers of the Continent by
organ-izing the Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences. Being directly connected with the engineering and environmental department of the Organization, the Center constitutes a further important link in the system of technical and scientific assistance through which the Organization collaborates with the countries in the environmental sector.
At the level of the Organization, the Center began to take shape
officially in 1968, with the inclusion in the PAHO budget of project
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 2
of consultants began to meet at the end of that year, and it became the nu-cleus of an institution capable of providing high-level advisory services for the solution both of the conventional problems of environmental
sani-tation which had been plaguing our communities for many long years and of more recent problems.
Temporarily housed in the building left vacant by the Zone IV Office of the Organization in Lima, the Center started to operate in January 2969. On 8 April 1971 the Government of Peru and PAHO/WHO signed an Agreement
confirming that CEPIS should be definitely located in Lima. The Agreement provides for the cooperation of the Government in bearing part of the Cen-ter's operating costs and for the construction of a building for its exclu-sive use.
1.2 PURPOSE
The basic purpose of the Center is to offer technical and scientific assistance, in collaboration with the Country and Zone Offices and the Organization's regional programs, in order to solve problems connected with the improvement of environmental conditions and the protection of natural resources against pollution°
In addition to providing specialized advisory services, the Center is intended to serve as a technical reference and information center and to
promote selected training and research activities.
It is thought that the Center can play an important role by collab-orating with the countries in strengthening their scientific and technolog-ical infrastructure, by assisting in research, and by improving the process of communication among technicians and scientists.
It is expected that the Center will shortly play a leading role by providing advisory services for the development of programs for the preven-tion and control of environmental pollution°
1.3 RESOURCES AVAILABLE
When it officially began its activities in 1969, the Center had a part-time director and three advisers. It now has a full-time director and
eight experts in the following areas:
1. Systems analysis and computation
2. Water pollution
3o Air pollution
4. Industrial hygiene
0E68/6 (Eng.) Page 3
6. Water chemistry and laboratories
7. Water treatment
8. Treatment of liquid wastes
In addition, the Center coordinates the activities of an expert as-signed to the Natural Resources and Energy Program of the Economic Commis-sion for Latin America (ECLA) to advise on the aspects connected with
sanitary engineering. The Center works in close cooperation with the envi-ronmental sanitation projects in the countries, zones, and regions.
By the end of 1972 it is hoped to recruit at least two more consult-ants to deal with other specialized areas and strengthen the areas already covered.
The staff also includes an administrative chief, a librarian, two printing technicians, six secretaries, a driver-messenger, and a caretaker.
Table 1 shows the professional and nonprofessional staff of the Center during the period 1969-1972.
TABLE 1
PROFESSIONAL AND NONPROFESSIONAL STAFF
1969 1970 1971 1972
Directorof theCenter 1 1 1 1
SanitaryengineerII 1 1 1 2
ScientistII - - 1 1
SanitaryengineerI 4(1) 5 5 4
ScientistI - - - 1
Housingplanner 1 1 1 1
Technicalinformationspecialist - 1(1) 1(1) 1
Administrativeassistant 1 1 1 1
Librarian - - - 1
Printingtechnician - 1 1 1
Secretary 1 2 2 2
Stenographer 2 3 3 4
Printingassistant - - - 1
Driver 1 1 1 1
Caretaker 1 1 1 1
Total posts 13 18 19 23
Short-term consultants - Months 7 9
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 4
1.4 RESOURCES REQUIRED
Under the Agreement signed on 8 April 1971, the Peruvian Government has earmarked a special item in its budget for the operation and maintenance
of the Center, covering part of the local costs, and the Center's budget therefore includes both the funds provided by PAHO/WHO and the special
con-tribution. The Peruvian Government will also provide a building for the exclusive use of the Center. For this purpose it has set aside a 7,320 m 2 site and has included specific items in its budget for constructing the building and purchasing locally manufactured furniture and equipment. It
is anticipated that the new building will be ready by the end of 1973.
It is expected that the Center will later be able to offer assistance to other international bodies, credit agencies, and subregional development organizations which can fund specific projects connected with these
ins titutions.
Table 2 shows the operational budgets of the Center for the period 1969-1972.
TABLE 2
BUDGET 1969 - 1972 (Thousands of USS)
1969 1970 1971 1972
1. Source of funds:
PAHO/WHO 149.5 207.3 231.5 307.2
PeruvianGovernment 39.2 50.8
Total 149.5 207.3 270.7 358.0
2. Use of funds:
Permanentstaff 98.7 157.7 183.7 289.7
Temporaryconsultants 16.4 3.2 45.3 9.0
Officialtravel 11.0 21.6 19.5 21.2
Suppliesand equipment 8.5 3.3 1.1 13.4
GeneralServices 14.9 21.5 21.1 24.7
Total 149.5 207.3 270.7 358.0
Note: The value of the site earmarked for the construction of the building
CE68/6 (Eng.)
Page 5
1.5 POLICY GUIDELINES
A study of the four-year projections of the countries of the Region shows that, in addition to the traditional problems connected with basic sanitation_ there is a progressive deterioration in the environment as a
result of increasing urbanization, industrialization, inefficient land use, and lack of proper guidance in the utilization of natural resources.
- The action of the Center is directed precisely towards collaboration
and the provision of advisory services to the countries with a view to pro-moting new approaches to the solution of traditional problems and to the development and application of technology for the purpose of tackling the problems of the pollution of natural resources, in keeping with the condi-tions and resources of the countries of the Region.
The Center places particular stress on direct advisory services through visits by its advisers, on providing technical and scientific con-sultations, on the collection, selection, preparation, and dissemination of information, and on assistance in training and research activities.
In all its activities the Center attaches particular importance to the programs for transfer of technology, placing special emphasis on the development of innovative technology for solving environmental problems in the countries, with due regard to existing limitations and restrictions. In the course of 1972 it will initiate some intramural research activities
which will be extended when the new building, with its laboratory facilities, becomes available.
The Center is intended to play an important role in encouraging the scientific community in the countries to pay more attention to environmental problems and to undertaking research and preparing studies and reference material to serve as a scientific basis for formulating an environmental
policy in those countries. Particular attention will be given to inten-sifying the process of communication among technicians and scientists.
1.6 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE CENTER
Figure 1 is a chart of the organizational and functional structure
· of the Center, which consists of three basic sections and a supporting unit.
The basic sections are Documentation and Information; Technical and Scientific Services; and the Administrative Unit. The Advisory Services in
FIGURE 1
PAN AMERICAN SANITARY ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
I PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION/ l WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
I
COMMITTEE OF C]_%'/ER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
F 10g I
! DIRECTOR I
[ OFm cgwr_R I
I PLANNING
,
I
I
Library I I Personnel
Information system A_o_:s
AIR I WATER I SOIL [
Quality evaluation Quality evaluation urban planning and heuslllg _J t'_ OX
Pollutlon control iD (_0
Pollution control Rural physical planning _.
Treatment of water OX OX
Occupational health and_ -Treatment of hquld waste Solid waste
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 7
2. ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN
2.1 GENERAL ACTIVITIES
During the first three years of its operation, the Center has been extremely busy providing advisory services to 20 countries of the Region
in aspects connected with the fields of specialization covered by its consultants.
Particular mention should be made of the Pan American Air Pollution
Sampling Network (REDPANAIRE) which consists to date of 52 stations situated in 23 towns in 13 countries and which is expected to have 100 stations in 1972. This is the world's first such network on a continental scale, and it is making a major contribution to objective knowledge of the magnitude of this problem in the Latin American countries.
A survey has been made of the use of stabilization ponds in the coun-tries of Latin America and the Caribbean. The results were analyzed and processed in the Center and then disseminated in a special publication.
Intensive efforts are being made to develop and apply more economi-cal and more productive methods of treating water for public water supply systems and of organizing and strengthening laboratories for checking pro-cesses for the treatment of water in supply systems and liquid wastes, con-trolling pollution, etc. The Center is cooperating to good effect in studies being made in several countries of the Continent on the optimum utilization
of water resources. Attention has been paid to the environmental problems of rural development and to the search for economical methods of constructing housing, especially those based on self-help. It is likewise expected that
assistance can be provided in solving the growing problem of solid waste
disposal. It is confidently believed that modern techniques of program-ming, systems analysis, and computation can be applied to all these
prob-lems and to any others that it may be considered advisable to tackle· By disseminating these techniques in the countries of the Region, the Center is cooperating efficiently in promoting the environmental sciences in all of them.
Since the developing countries are addressing themselves more and more to the problems of the human environment, especially those relating
to pollution, it is thought that the Center will develop into a very valu-able instrument for countries wishing to formulate an environmental policy, by providing a technical and scientific basis consistent with the overall development process.
2.2 SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES
TABLE 3
GENERAL ACTIVITIES DURING THE INSTALLATION PERIOD, 1969-1971
1969 1970 1971
1. Repair and equipping of provisional headquarter_ 1. Work begun in provisional headquarters 1. Graphic presentation workshop in full operation
2. Recruitment of local personnel 2. Printing technician recruited 2. Medium-term librarian recruited
3. Organization administrative section 3. Administrative section in operatmon 3. Administrative section in regular operatzon
4. Negotiation of Agreement with Peruvian authorities to establish Center in Lima 4. Agreement signed 8 April 1971
5. Negotiation with Peruvian authorities for transfer of site for bulldLng of Center 5. Instrument of transfer issued in July
6. Appointment of Director and four consultants 6. Two more consultants appointed 6. One more consultant appointed (seconded to ECLA, Chile)
7. Advisory services provmded mn: 7. Advisory services provided in: 7. Advisory services provided in:
- Air pollution - Systems analysis - Systems analysis
- Industrialhygzene - Air pollution - Waterquality
- Physmcalplanningand ruralhousmng - Industrmalhygiene - Amr pollutmon
- Urban housmng and plannmng - Physical plannmng and rural housing - Study and research on water resources
- Urban housmng and plannmng - Industrial hygiene
- Water treatment - Physmcalplannmngand rural housmng
- Water chemmstry and laboratormes The Center's technmcal staff vmslted 16 court- - Water treatment
trees in response to requests for advmsory - Urban housmng and planning services
Center took over technmcal and administrative coordination of AMRO-2213: Study and Survey of Water Resources
8. The library has over 1,000 tmtles by end of yeaz 8. Library has over 2,000 titles 8. Library has over 3,000 tmtles
9. Training: 9. Training: 9. Training:
- Collaboration zn fmve short courses - Particlpatmon mn 11 short courses - Collaboratmon mn 12 short courses
- Collaboration mn arrangmng 10 fellowshmps - Collaboration mn arrangmng four fellowshmps
10. Meeting on PAHO housmng polzcy organized and O. Meetmngs mn Center: None held 10. Meetings: held
- Center organized Conference om Research in PAHO Regional Engmneers Meetmng held mn Center - Center was represented at four international Sanitary Engmneermng in Latin Amermca
meetings (52partmcmpants)
Meeting of Governmng Board of AIDIS held in - Meetmng held wmth PAHO persomnel on
coordmna-Center tmon of studmes on drainage basins
- Center was represented at 11 intermatmonal meetings
m t_
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 9
be taken of the negotiations successfully concluded with the Peruvian Gov-ernment which culminated in the signature of the Agreement concerning the final location of the Center in Lima.
It is important to point out that, from its very outset, even though it was in the process of installation, the Center was able to provide con-tinuing and intensive advisory services to the countries, initially in four specific fields which have now grown to eight. Table 4 recapitulates its chief activities in providing technical advisory services to the countries, details of which are given below.
Similarly, special mention should be made of the establishment of the library and the rapid growth in its stock of books, and also of the installation of a first-class graphic presentation workshop which is now in full operation and is staffed by highly skilled local personnel.
2.2.1 MAIN ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY THE CENTER
A. Systems Analysis
1. Advisory services to the CorporaciSn AutSnoma Regional de la Sabana de Bogot_ (CAR) in the development of mathematical models for the opti-mum utilization of water resources. Colombia.
2. Advisory services to the Study Committee for the Guayas Basin Devel-opment (CEDEGE) in developing mathematical models for the optimum util-ization of water resources. Ecuador.
3. Participation in the Colombian Symposium on Water Resources.
4. Advisory services for the preparation and presentation of a short course on systems analysis in the development of water resources. Uni-versity of Panama.
5. Advisory services for the development of a short course on planning of drainage basins. University of Chile.
o 6. Advisory services for the development of a short course on systems
analysis applied to sanitary engineering problems. University of Los Andes. Colombia.
7. Preparation of a system of data tabulation and retrieval using
com-puters for the Pan American Air Pollution Sampling Network.
TABLE 4
MAIN SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY CENTER IN COUNTRIES DURING PERIOD 1969-71
_
o
COUNTRIES COVERED _ _
_. o _ o
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
- Development of mathematmcal models for optimum use of water resources x x
- Partzcipation in semznars, symposia, and other meetzngs x x
- Advisory services for preparation and presentation of short courses x x x x
- Preparatzon of system of data tabulatzon and retrzevai by computers for REDPANAIRE x
- Preparation of basic computing program for applicatzon _n development of water resources xx
- Preparation of publications on appllcatzon of systems analysis to san_tatlon problems x
- Advisory services for selection of computers for accounting and invozcing znwater services x
-Development of computer program libraries x
- Evaluatzon of water meter program
- Economic evaluatzon of water supply systems and treatment methods
WATER qUALITY
- Development of a study on control of pollut_on of water couraea x x x x x x
- Preliminary studies (with drafting of report) for developing a Regional Water Quality x
SamplingProgram x
- Survey of plants for low-cost treatment of waste waters and mndustrmal wastes
- Preliminary study on researchpotemt_al _nsan_tary engineering x x x x x x x x
- Preparation of report on stabilization ponds in Latzn Amerzca x
AIR POLLUTION
- Installation, znzt_atzon, and operation of REDPANAIRE samplzng stations x x x x x x x x x x x x x
- Collaboration for development of other pollutant measuring programs x x x x x x
- Preparationof Asr PollutsonControlOffzceproject x
- Preparation of azr pollution work program x x
- Revmewof draftlegislatzonon airpollutmon x x x x x x
- Transmittal of prelim/nary mnformation for preparing regulations on diesel engmnes
and noise pollution x x
- Collaboratlo_ at preliminary stage of feasibility study on air pollution x
- Study of azr pollution caused by cement plant x
- Study of problems created by fish flour plants x x ? _
- Report on use of propane/butane in motorized vehicles x _
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ACTIVITIES _ _ _ _ _ _ _a _._ _ = _
- Collaboration in development of air pollution programs in universities x x
- Collaboration in development of research on epidemiologleal effects of air pollution x
- Collaboration in development of research on sampling and analysis techniques x x x
- Selection of candidates and preparation of fellowships programs in air pollution x
- Holding of Seminar on Air Pollution at Rio de Janeiro and publication of records x x
- Publication of Operating Manual and description of equipment and materials needed for
REDPANAIRE stations x
- Preparation of report on REDPANAIRE results up to December 1970 (of approximately
40,000 measurements) x
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
- Review of occupational health programs and collaboration in def_u_ng problems x x x x x
- Collaboration in preparation and presantatmon of 11 short courses on industrial hygiene x x x x x x x
- Selection of STC for preparation of pesticide control program x
- Selection of STC for work physiology, lmghting_ and ventilation x
- Selection of STC for preparation of industrial hygiene programs and legislation x x
- Collaboration in personnel training through fellowshxps abroad x x x
- Survey of industrial hygiene and relevant report x x
- Preparation of Final Report for UNDP project - Institute of Occupational Health and
Air Po llution x
- Collaboration in organization and participation in Inter-Hegmonal Seminar on Industrial
Hygiene for Developing Countries, with attendance of African and Latin American countries x
PHYSICAL PLANNING AND RURAL HOUSING
- Advisory services to OAS-UN-PAHO/WHO-IDB-AID Interagency Committee in development of a
rural housing pilot project _ x x x
- Advisory services for Huallaga River development project x
- Advisory services to Ministry of Agriculture for developing Tmngo
Maria-Tocache-Campanilla settlement project x
- Advisory services to Study Committee for Guayas Basin Development (CEDEGE) _
- Advisory services to Ministries of Housing and Agriculture in connection with land reform x _ _
and rural settlement programs x _
- Advisory services to Corporaci6n Aut6noma Regional de la Sabana de Bogot_ (CAR) x
- Advisory services to Agricultural Credit Fund for developing housing programs connected with
land reform _
- Advisory services to Ministry of Housing and Urban Development x "
- Advmsory services for development and presentation of classes; CINVA self-help bumldmng course x
o
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- Presentatzon of classes on ho_zng and physzcal planning for sanztary engzneers
at Publzc Health School x
- Partzczpat_on mn Unmted Natrons Semmnar on Slums and Uncontrolled Settlements x
- Partzc_patmon mn a Workzng Group on Drmnkmng Water Supply Problems zn Rural Areas x x x x
WATER TREATMENT
- Advzsory servmces to Cdcuta Munzczpalzty x
- Advisory servzces to Ecuadorzan Institute of Sanztatzon and Cuenca Munzczpalzty x x
- Advisory services to D_rectorate of Sanztation of Mzn_st_ of Housing x
- Advisory services to Lzma S_ztat_on Authorzty x
- Advisory servzces to Arequ_pa Munzczpal_ty
- Coll_oratmon wmth Natmonal Dr_nkzng Water Servmce, Mznmstry of Works and P_lzc Servmces x
- Advzsory services to Rosarzo Unzverszty x
- Advisory servmces to National Sauitatmon Department
- Coll_oratzon mn preparation of course on treatment of drznking water, scheduled for 1972
inQumto x
- Coll_oratmon zn preparatzon of seminar on new methods of treating water, Asuncman x x
- Preparatmon of four technzcal manuals
- Preparation of reports on speczfzc studzes x x
_O_$I_G AND URBAN PLANNING
- Part%elpatlon in semznar on mznzmum urbanization standards for countrzes of the x
Centr_AmerzcanIsthmus x
- Particzpatzon in Fzrst Congress of Pan Amerzcan Unzon of Engmneerzng Colleges x x_
- Advzsory services to Internatzonal Rural Housing Assoclatzon
- Advisoryservzcesto M_%nmstryof Housmngand Urban Development x
- Part_czpatzon in World Bank Mzsszon for premnvestment studies connected wzth national,
sectoraland urban plannzng x
- Advisory services _n urban planning _n town of Cuenca x
- Advzsory servzces mn planning of reconstructzon and reh_zl_tatzon of localztmes affected
by earthquake of 31 May 1970, zn coordination with other regional and znternational bodzes x
STUDY AND SURVEY OF WATER RESOURCES
X
- Reportonsanitaryaspectsofwaterresources _
- Coll_oratzon _n course on programmzng and control of sanitation X _
- Coll_orat_on zn Seminar on Investment Progr_mmng of _e Pan Amerzcan Health Planning Center x m
t 4
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_
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_-_ __
___
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- Collaboration with local PAHO/WHO programs x
- Collaboration wmth Meeting of PAHO/WHO Worksng Group of Planning Consultants x
- Preparatlonof draftguidebooksfor formulatingwatersupplyprojects x
- Start of preparation of doemnent on use of water resources _n Latin America x
- Meetmngat Ceuterto discussproposedguidebooksforbasindevelopment x
WATER CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORIES
- Participation sn annual meeting of Amerscan Association of Chemistry and Symposia on x
Pollution and Ozone Applscatsons
- Advisory services to Lima Sanitation Authority - Advisory services to Ministry of health
- Collaboration %n preparation of course on treatment of drinking water x
m t_
LO
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 14
9. Preparation of publications on the application of systems analysis to sanitation problems.
B. Water Quality
1. Development of a survey on activities for controlling the pollution of water courses, in collaboration with the Battelle Institute. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela.
2. Preliminary studies for the development of a regional network of water pollution sampling, in collaboration with the Battelle Institute.
3o Carrying out of a survey on plants for the low-cost treatment of waste waters and industrial wastes in Latin America.
4. Preliminary study on research potential in sanitary engineering. Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, E1 Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Peru.
5. Preparation of a report on the possibility of initiating a regional water quality control program.
6. Preparation of a report on stabilization ponds in Latin America.
C. Air Pollution
1. Pan American Air Pollution Sampling Network. The Network has to aate 52 stations situated in 23 towns in 13 countries. It is expected to have approximately 100 by the end of 1972.
2. Collaboration for the development of other pollutant measuring
pro-grams in various countries, including Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela.
3. Preparation of a project for an Air Pollution Control Office. National Health Service, Chile.
4. Establishment of an air pollution work program. Ministries of Health of Colombia and Venezuela.
5. Review of draft legislation on air pollution. Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela.
6. Transmittal of preliminary information for the preparation of regu-lations on diesel vehicles (Costa Rica) and noise pollution (Uruguay).
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 15
8. Study of air pollution produced by a cement plant. Honduras.
9. Study of problems created by fish meal plants. Costa Rica and Mexico.
10. Report on use of propane/butane in motorized vehicles. Chile.
11. Participation in four short courses on air pollution and presenta-tion of classes on air pollution in eleven short courses on occupational health.
12. Collaboration in the development of air pollution programs in the universities of Del Valle and Antioquia (Colombia) and the National Uni-versity of Engineering (Peru).
13. Collaboration in the development of research on the epidemiological effects of air pollution. Institute of Occupational Health and Air Pollution Research, Chile.
14. Collaboration in the development of research on sampling and ana-lytical techniques. Chile, Mexico, and Peru.
15. Selection of candidates and preparation of fellowship programs in air pollution.
16. Holding of a seminar on air pollution at Rio de Janeiro. Publica-tion of its records, including an extensive compilation of Latin American data.
17. Publication of an operating manual and of a description of the equipment and materials required for the stations of the Pan American Air Pollution Sampling Network.
18. Preparation of a report on the results of the Pan American network up to December 1970. The results of approximately 40,000 measurements
are included.
D. IndustrialHygien_
1. Review of occupational health programs and collaboration in
defin-. ing the problems. Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
2. Collaboration in the preparation and presentation of 11 short courses on industrial hygiene. Bolivia (3), Colombia (3), Cuba, E1 Salvador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay.
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 16
4. Selection of short-term consultants for occupational physiology, illumination, and ventilation. Cuba.
5. Selection of short-term consultants for the preparation of programs and legislation on industrial hygiene. Colombia and E1 Salvador.
6. Collaboration in the training of personnel through fellowships abroad. Argentina, Cuba, and Ecuador.
7. Industrial hygiene survey and report on the survey. Argentina and Ecuador.
8. Preparation of the final report for the project for collaboration with the Institute of Occupational Health and Air Pollution (United
Nations Development Program). Chile.
9. Collaboration in the organization of and participation in the Interregional Seminar on Industrial Hygiene for Developing Countries. Attendance by African and Latin American countries.
10. Participation in various regional and national meetings.
E. Physical Planning and Rural Housing
1. Advisory services to the OAS-UN-PAHO/WHO-IDB-AID Interagency Com-mittee in the development of a rural housing pilot project. Colombia,
Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
2. Advisory services for the Huallaga River development project. Peru.
3. Advisory services to the Ministry of Agriculture for developing the Tingo Mar_a-Tocache-Campanilla settlement project. Peru.
4. Advisory Services to the Study Committee for the Guayas Basin Development (CEDEGE). Ecuador.
5. Advisory services to the Ministries of Housing and Agriculture in ·
connection with the land reform and rural setttement programs. Peru.
6. Advisory services to the CorporaciSn AutSnoma Regional de la Sa-bana de Bogot_ (CAR). Colombia.
7. Advisory services to the Agricultural Credit Fund for the devel-opment of housing programs connected with land reform. Colombia.
0E68/6 (Eng.) Page 17
9. Advisory services in the development and presentation of classes.
Course in self-help at the Inter-American Housing and Planning Center (CINVA). Lima, Peru.
· 10. Advisory services to CINVA in the development and presentation of
classes. Courses on rural housing and physical planning. Bolivia, Colombia, and Dominican Republic.
11. Presentation of classes on housing and physical planning in a
course for sanitary engineers at the School of Public Health, Lima, Peru.
12. Participation in the United Nations Seminar on Slums and Uncon-trolled Settlements. Medellfn, Colombia.
13. Participation in a Working Group on Drinking Water Supply Problems in Rural Areas. Argentina, Guatemala, Panama, and Peru.
F. Water Chemistry and Laboratories
1. Advisory services to the Ministry of Housing, Peru. Organization of a central laboratory and regional laboratories for water quality
control.
2. Advisory services to the Lima Sanitation Authority, Peru. Studies on the chemical treatment of dx*inking water connected with the
exten-sion of the La Atarjea plant.
3. Advisory services to the Lima Sanitation Authority, Peru. Plan-ning of a chemical and bacteriological analysis laboratory for the La Atarjea treatment plant.
4. Advisory services to the Sanitary Engineering Directorate, Ministry of Health, Peru. Planning of the laboratory in the Water Resources Conservation and Industrial Health Division.
G. Water Treatment
' 1. Advisory services to the Municipality of C_cuta, Colombia.
Re-search and studies for the expansion of the city water treatment plant.
. 2. Advisory services to the Ecuadorian Institute of Sanitation and
Municipality of Cuenca, Ecuador. Studies and design for the expansion of the Cuenca water treatment plant.
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 18
4. Advisory services to the Lima Sanitation Authority, Peru. Studies on the extension of the La Atarjea plant which supplies metropolitan Lima.
5. Advisory services to the Municipality of Arequipa, Peru. Studies on the extension of the plant using multiple filters.
6. Advisory services to the State Sanitation Authority, Uruguay. Re-search on operational aspects of the Montevideo water treatment plant.
7. Collaboration with the National Drinking Water Service, Ministry of Works and Public Services, Argentina, for the development of a re-search project on dynamic filters and vertical flow filters.
8. Advisory services to the University of Rosario, Argentina. Re-search on dynamic filters.
9. Collaboration in the preparation of a course on the treatment of drinking water. Scheduled for 1972 in Quito, Ecuador.
10. Collaboration in the preparation of a seminar on new water treat-ment techniques. Scheduled for September 1972 in AsunciSn, Paraguay.
11. Preparation of technical manuals on the topic "New Concepts in Design for Water Treatment Plants for Latin America."
The preparation of three manuals is under way:
(a) For managers and high-level administrative staff, approximately 60 pages.
(b) For professional staff, engineers, chemists, etc., approximately 300 pages.
(c) For supervisors of operations in water treatment plants, approx-imately 150 pages.
12. Work is proceeding on the preparation of reports in specific stud-ies, including:
(a) Extension of the C_cuta water treatment plant, Colombia.
(b) Extension of the La Atarjea water treatment plant, Lima. Scheduled for June 1972.
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 19
H. Housing and urban plaqqin_
1. Participation in the Seminar on MinimumUrbanization Standards for the countries of the Central American Isthmus. Sponsored by OAS and PAHO. Bogota, Colombia. Collaboration in the preparation of standards.
2. Participation in the First Congress of the Pan American Union of Engineering Colleges. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
3. Advisory services to the International Rural Housing Association. Caracas, Venezuela.
4. Advisory services to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. Bolivia.
5. Participation in the World Bank Mission for pre-investment studies connected with national, sectoral and urban planning. Colombia.
6. Advisory services in urban planning for the town of Cuenca. Ecuador.
7. Advisory services in the plata%lng of reconstruction and rehabilita-tion of popularehabilita-tion centers affected by the earthquake of 31 May 1970, Peru, in coordination with other regional and international bodies.
3. PLANNING: PROGRAMMED ACTIVITIES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
In the present case, as in any planning process, it is necessary to describe in explicit terms the picture of the Center which the Office of the Director and the higher levels of the Organization have projected.
For this purpose a projected final picture is presented for 1980, in which priority attention has been given to the concept that the programs so far proposed for the Center will have to be in operation by then. In addition, a projected intermediate picture is given for 1975, based on a
mainly operational criterion.
Quite probably, in the course of the period in question, the projected
~ final picture will become more explicit, or will be enlarged within the
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 20
Bearing in mind the ultimate aim and following the policy guidelines mentioned earlier in this paper, the strategy that seams suitable (programs to be implemented) for achieving the proposed overall objectives was mapped out.
A progr_rmning of general activities is presented as the final part of the overall planning for the Center. This was based on the studies made
of the situation of enviror_ental problems in Latin America and the Caribbean i
area. The basic documents of project AMRO-2114 and the programs and projects being carried out by the sanitary ensineering and environmental sciences department and the Zone and Country Offices of the Organization were taken into consideration when preparing the projected picture and the programming of activities.
3.2 PROJECTED PICTURE
A. For 1975
(a) To have completed the installation process in the permanent headquarters, with all facilities available for the different
programs.
(b) To have the Center in full operation and performing its func-tions: technical and scientific advisory services, reference and information, training, research, and transfer of technology.
(c) To have collaborated with the countries of Latin America and
the Caribbean area in formulating a national environmental sanita-tion program.
(d) To have carried out a study in the fields of the environmental
sciences in which the countries require highly specialized advi-sory services, and an analysis of trends in respect of advisory services requested by the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean area.
(e) To have a permanent staff of consultants, or consultants available on short notice, so as to comply with the requests submitted by the countries, in line with the study referred to in (d) and with the priorities established for dealing with the problems.
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 21
(g) To have available an inventory of human resources in Latin America and the Caribbean area in the specialties connected with the Center's fields of activity.
· (h) To have the Pan American Air Pollution Sampling Network (with
200 stations) in full operation and to have published annual re-ports including analyses of the results of the measurements of the different stations.
x
(i) To have published and disseminated technical manuals on water treatment, systems analysis, and pollution control, and also guide books for the formulation of sanitary engineering projects.
(j) To have collaborated in carrying out basic economic studies, identified lines of research, and initiated master plans in the areas in which water pollution problems exist, or are foreseen, in Latin America and the Caribbean area.
(k) To have studied a system for the storage, recording, and selective retrieval of data on water pollution and related topics for the countries of Latin America.
(1) To have defined fundamental criteria for establishing
envi-ronmental pollution control programs in the light of the results obtained in the studies evaluating the problem.
(m) To have formulated and in operation the program of training in the specialties considered most necessary in sanitary engi-neering and the environmental sciences, with the active
partic-ipation of all the Center's consultants.
(n) To have determined the fields to which the Center should ex-pand its research activities and to have the Center's own research program planned.
(o) To have published a report including the results obtained in the water treatment plants designed and constructed in the countries on the basis of the new techniques in this field dis-seminated in the manuals referred to in (i).
(p) To have assembled all the necessary basic information and
' to have launched an intensive program to promote the transfer
of technology among developing countries.
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 29.
(r) To have formulated and in operation a program for collab-orating with the Inter-American Sanitary Engineering Association
(AIDIS).
(s) To have studied, and if possible in operation, a program for
publishing textbooks and reference books for normal use in Latin America and the Caribbean area, for academic programs of training in sanitary engineering and environmental sciences.
(t) To have direct access to facilities for high-capacity com-puting in order to offer effective assistance in the solution of specific problems connected with the Center's fields of activity.
B. FOr 1980
(a) To have intensified collaboration with the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean area for the formulation of
na-tional environmental sanitation policies.
(b) To have evaluated the suitability of the Center's installed capacity (including human resources and budgets as well as phys-ical installations) in the light of its work program_ and to have determined the necessary adjustments.
(c) To have made an evaluation of the results obtained through the specialized advisory services provided by the Center and to have formulated new guidelines in aspects where this is necessary.
(d) To keep the information and reference program expanding.
(e) To keep the Regional Programs of Standardized Sampling of Air Pollution and Water Quality Control in full operation and
to intensify them vis-a-vis 1975.
(f) To have made headway in the research recommended, and to have drawn up master plans for water pollution control in Latin
America. To have made progress in the studies of economic/math-ematical models in these areas.
(g) To have evaluated and readjusted the training program.
CE68/6 (Eng.) Page 23
(i) To have the support programs for the countries in full
oper-ation in the following fields:
- air pollution control
- water quality control
I
- information and reference
- transfer of technology
- training
- the Center's own research
- cooperation in special studies with other projects of PAHO or other international agencies.
3.3 GENERAL PROGRAMMING
Figure 2 presents, in the form of a hatcheted diagram, a general pro-gramming of the Center's activities up to 1980, Only the most important activities have been included.
In keeping with the criterion established in the projected picture, the period 1972-74 has been considered as a stage during which the programs now under way or soon to be initiated will be intensified, and new programs,
to become operational in the following years, are launched.
The period 1975-80 is essentially operational and during it the
pro-grams prepared in the preceding stage will be implemented and expanded.
This is by no means a rigid differentiation and the programs will be launched as soon as the process of formulation and initiation considered appropriate has been completed.
The activities undertaken by the Center will be evaluated annually,
& with the proviso that for 1975 and 1980 a complete evaluation will be made
FIGURE2
Construction of permanent headquarters and installation of basic eq_pment
rechnic_ and scientific advisory services to Member Countries _ xjlxXX_xxx_xxxxxx'x_XXXXXXXXXX_
_formation and reference program ****_C_C_C/X_X_/XXI_X_
_r pollution program xXXXtU_XXX_ xXXX_XXXX_fXICQ_XXXX_
Water pollution control program ////***_***_xxxx×__
training program under direct responsibility of Center *******___
_ll_oration with _DIS *******____
Resear_ under direct respoms_ility of Center ////*******x_xxxx_ Yw_p_f_x_xxxxxx_
re_nical menu. s (includ_g guidebooks for formulating projects) _x _XXXXXXXX_X
Fextbook progremand eomsultatienon sanitary engimeering_d environment_ sciences ////*****_*xxx;QLx_xx
Er_sfer of te_nolo_ ***_**XXXXXXXXXX_
_ventory of human resources _******_XXX. Y,-_XxXXXXxXxxxxx_xxXX x_kqc_U_
Legend: ///// Diagnosis
***** Formulation and initiation
XXXXX Execution
Restricted operation or preliminary stage
