• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Optimization of mixing in stirred bioreactors - 1. Comparative analysis of mixing efficiency with different radial impellers for simulated broths

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2016

Share "Optimization of mixing in stirred bioreactors - 1. Comparative analysis of mixing efficiency with different radial impellers for simulated broths "

Copied!
19
0
0

Texto

(1)

7KH VLPSOHVW DQG PRVW VXJJHVWLYH GHILQLWLRQ RI PL[LQJ ZDV JLYHQ E\ +LE\ ZKR DIILUPHG WKDW PL[LQJ LV D SURFHVV WKURXJK ZKLFK WKH LQKRPRJHQHLW\ RI D V\VWHP LV GHFUHDVHG >@$ WKH FRPSOHWHO\ PL[HG V\VWHP FRUUHVSRQGV WR D SHUIHFWO\ XQLIRUP GLVWULEXWLRQ RI LWV FRPSRQHQWV

0L[LQJ FRXOG EH FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ PHDQV RI WKH PL[LQJ VFDOH DQGRU PL[LQJ LQWHQVLW\ >@7KH PL[LQJ VFDOH UHSUHVHQWV WKH VPDOOHVW GLPHQVLRQ YROXPH PDVV RI WKH DQDO\]HG V\VWHP LQ ZKLFK LQKRPRJHQHLW\ LV DOORZHG7KLV SDUDPHWHU LV DOZD\V VPDOOHU WKDQ WKH GLPHQVLRQ RI WKH V\VWHP LWVHOI DQG ODUJHU WKDQ WKH VPDOOHVW FRPSRQHQW RI WKH V\VWHP

7KH PL[LQJ LQWHQVLW\ LV GHILQHG DV WKH GHYLDWLRQ IURP FRPSOHWH PL[LQJ%HFDXVH SHUIHFW PL[LQJ LV UHDFKHG DIWHU DQ LQILQLWH SHULRG RI WLPH WKH PL[LQJ LQWHQVLW\ FRXOG EH GHILQHG DV WKH GHYLDWLRQ IURP FRPSOHWH PL[LQJ DIWHU D SUHVFULEHG ILQLWH DPRXQW RI WLPH >@

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

SHUIHFWO\ PL[HG LQVLGH >@0LFURPL[LQJ FRQVLVWV RI PL[LQJ DW D PROHFXODU VFDOH DQG LV FRQWUROOHG E\ PROHFXODU GLIIXVLRQ5HJDUGOHVV RI WKH IORZ UHJLPH LQGXFHG LQ WKH ZKROH V\VWHP WKH IORZ LV ODPLQDU DW WKH PLFURPL[LQJ VFDOH0LFURPL[LQJ LV DFKLHYHG E\ D FRKHUHQW IORZ VWUXFWXUH VXFK DV YRUWH[ VKHHWV DQG YRUWH[ WXEHV >@0HVR² DQG PLFURPL[LQJ EHFRPH LPSRUWDQW HVSHFLDOO\ IRU V\VWHPV LQ ZKLFK SKDVH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQV RU FKHPLFDOELRFKHPLFDO UHDFWLRQV RFFXU

2QH RI WKH PRVW XVHIXO FULWHULD IRU WKH FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI PL[LQJ LQWHQVLW\ LV WKH PL[LQJ WLPH WP GHILQHG DV WKH WLPH QHHGHG WR UHDFK D JLYHQ PL[LQJ LQWHQVLW\ DW D JLYHQ VFDOH ZKHQ VWDUWLQJ IURP D FRPSOHWHO\ VHJUHJDWHG VLWXDWLRQ >@7KLV SDUDPHWHU RIIHUV VSHFLILF LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ EXON PL[LQJ LQ WKH V\VWHP PDFURPL[LQJ DV ZHOO DV WKH IORZ LQVLGH WKH ZKROH VWXGLHG V\VWHP EXW LW FDQQRW DOORZ ULJRURXV TXDQWLILFDWLRQ RI WKH PHVR² DQG PLFURPL[LQJ >@,W FDQ LQGLFDWH WKH RSWLPXP K\GURG\QDPLF UHJLPH WKH VWLUUHU W\SH WKDW PXVW EH XVHG RU FDQ SUHGLFW WKH PRGLILFDWLRQ RI PL[LQJ HIILFLHQF\ LQGXFHG E\ VFDOLQJ²XS >@

7KH DQDO\VLV RI PL[LQJ LQ ELRUHDFWRUV LV EDVHG RQ WKH VDPH SULQFLSOHV DV WKH SUHYLRXVO\ PHQWLRQHG RQHV +RZHYHU LQ IHUPHQWDWLRQ V\VWHPV ELRPDVV DFFXPXODWLRQ WKH VKHDU VWUHVV VHQVLWLYLW\ RI WKH ELRFDWDO\VWV IUHH RU LPPRELOL]HG FHOOV DQGRU HQ]\PHV KLJK YLVFRVLW\ RU WKH QRQ²1HZWRQLDQ UKHRORJ\ EHKDYLRU RI WKH EURWKV WKH SUHVHQFH RI WKH JDVHRXV SKDVH DV WKH UHVXOW RI DHUDWLRQ RU FHOO UHVSLUDWLRQ FRQVLGHUDEO\ LQFUHDVH WKH GLIILFXOW\ RI WKH DQDO\VLV RI PL[LQJ'XH WR WKH FRPSOH[LW\ RI WKH UKHRORJLFDO EHKDYLRU DQG LQHYLWDEO\ LQGXFHG WKH KLJK YLVFRVLW\ RI EURWKV DQG FRQVHTXHQWO\ GXH WR WKH IORZ SDWWHUQV D QRQ²XQLIRUP PL[LQJ GLVWULEXWLRQ ZLWK WKH DSSHDUDQFH RI VWDJQDQW UHJLRQV LQ ELRUHDFWRUV

$1&$²,5,1$ *$/$&7,21

(/(1$ )2/(6&8

! "# # $ $ "# %& !

!"" # $ %& ##''!

($ )## ) " # "* )

+$"

!

" # $ % & ' &

!" # $% ! & $'''(' )

* +"

+" "

(2)

> @ ! " # $ % " ! & ' ! ! ( )* $ + , )# # # # %, ! >-@ ! . ) , >/@

% 0* ! 0* ! /1 $ >@ ! -- 0-- 22 ) 3-- ,

4 !

KD ( 0 5 ! 6 # /*R7 ! /8 96& & % >/:01-/@;

% &B -( '&&

B -- < '& = --/ ! -( > & 0( - " # " " ! & ;

x ; /- x /; 3- x :; /- x *; 3-

! & ? 5 5 >/0@ ! +8Š )+8 @, 87Š )5 8 .,

! "# $ % % & '

(3)

! " #y ! >$#%##@& ' ( ' ' ' ( ' ! " ) ) * $% + ,%'-%% .%% >#@ / 'LVSHUVHU VDZWRRWK " , + . 0 1 , + 2) 3$ +

4 4 >$@ &

' 4 4 # 5 4 4 2) # - . 4 4

' - . 5 4 4

(4)

" >#@ #,% ! " 0 #,% "

&

x ! "& %%

6 %% 4 4 "

x # $ % &$ "& " 7 " >#@

x ' "&

(& ( #&) (( (

(5)

x 6 -%% # 3$ +

'8 8,', " >#@

5 -

(& ( (

(6)

* " " 9 . # . #,% 9 #,% -%% # - . 0 # -%% $%% #, $% $% + # - . :* ! 7 - 0 4 4 ! " 9 " 7 " 9 &

N ! "& "

N # $ % &$ "& "

! (& ( #&) (( (

(7)

9 9 " $% +6 .%% 9 " .%% >#@

x ' "& "

x 9 -%% # 3$ + ',8 8,', " >#@

, 9 ,% $%% )

" $% + " ,%'-%% .%% >#@

) )') ) " ; < " ;t " >#-@

$ (& ( (

(8)

2 $

" # - . 0 & # - .

%% # -

" # -

. > #,%',% # - .

# - $ # - .%%

% (& ( #&) (( (

(9)

,%% ! ! ,%% - 4 4 # - .%% 44 , + . 9 -%%'.%% # -! , + . .%% . # - ! .%% ) ? 7 5 " &

x ! "& " %% .,%

x # $ % &$ "& "

x ' "& " x * ,%% # 3$ + # - '. 8,', " >#@

(10)

0 -%% .%%

5 " "

&

N ! "& "

* (& ( (

(11)

N # $ % &$ "&

N ' "& "

+ (& ( #&) (( ( &#

, (& ( ( &#

(12)

x * -%% #,'. 8,', " >#@

! 0 * 3

! #%

! #%% -%% , + .%% , +

* # 4 4 . -

- (& ( #&) (( (

(13)

> " " &

x ! "& " x # $ % &$ "& -%% $% + .%%

" >#@

x ' "& "

x * -%% #'% 8,', " >#@

## *

.,% #, + $%% 3$ +

(& ( (

(14)

#-! ? % >#.@ 5 ) ;? %-$ )

2 # 2)

#8% .%% # 0 ! ,% .%% $% + ,%% 4 4

(& ( #&) (( ( &

(15)

? 4 4 # - .

" 0 &

x ! "& "

x # $ % &$ "&

x ' "& $% + !

x * -%% # 3$ + #8'- 8,', " >#@

! #- %% .%% $% + .,% " >#@

(& ( &

(16)

# ( ))(( ) &

*

+;@ #.'#= 0

8% # - . #.

2) )

5 * # : 8%

8% 9

#, # . 5

! & & (

(17)

#, +

* "

#, $% + # . - #$

5 "

*

#= $%

: 9 "

5 &

$ & & ( #&) ( $ &

(18)

# * "

! .,% "

* " 9 " ,%'-%% $% + .%% $% +

" & %% .%% $% + .,% $%% 3$ +

- ) 5

% & & ( #&) ( %- &

(19)

$% + )

" , + " , 3$ + 9

5()(5(1&(6

>@

>@ !"# !$#$ %" & %'' # () *$' +

>@ !,-."' & /% "" 01" $2 ! 344+ 33

>@ !.5 !$, 6# 3 + >@ # 7 &,88 & 9.,5 &# : 3:; >@ "#1. % <"#, =.#$ 7 !$##.

5 $#$.$ 3 !$#$" > =.$. " 3443 ;+

>@ " !" & $.. 6# ;+ +;

>@ ($) 7 6# 3;;

>@ <"#, "#1. % !$##. 5 $#$.$ !$#$.$#. $#""" =.$. " 3443 3?

>@ "#1. % <"#, =.#$ 7 0,, 9 5 344 +?

>@ <"#, =.#$ 7 "#1. % 0,, 9 !$# 3443 ?

>@ =.#$ 7 9$."#, "#1. % 1 344; ?;

>@ /$" 7 =.#$ &7 =1" & 9" =& /$#5" $2 35 7,. $ 5$ $,5. #$,1 ? 3;

>@ 9"$ ! !'' 7 / 751#5 .. $ $$"" .@,5 $ 751#5 A@,5 7$

Referências

Documentos relacionados

LQWHUDFWLRQV HVWDEOLVKHG ZLWK WKH SURWHLQ VXUIDFH $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH FXUUHQW PRGHOV SURWHLQ VWDELOL]DWLRQ E\ VROXWHV LV ODUJHO\ H[SODLQHG RQ WKH EDVLV RI VROXWH H[FOXVLRQ IURP WKH

3UHPL[PRGXOH:LWKWKHUHDFWLRQVLQYROYHGLQWKHSURSRVHG PHFKDQLVPV WKH YDULDWLRQ RI WKH$3 FRPEXVWLRQ EHKDYLRU ZDV REVHUYHG DV WKH SUHVVXUH RI WKH FRPEXVWLRQ FKDPEHU RI D VROLG

,W LV ZLWK JUHDW VDWLVIDFWLRQ WKDW ZH DQQRXQFH WKH LQGH[LQJ RIWKH 5HYLVWD%UDVLOHLUDGH3VLTXLDWULD 5%3%UD]LOLDQ-RXUQDO RI 3V\FKLDWU\ ERWK LQ WKH 6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV &amp;LWDWLRQ ,QGH[ RI

'HVSLWH WKH SURPLQHQFH RI VXLFLGH DV D OHDGLQJ FDXVH RI GHDWK WKURXJKRXW PRVW FRXQWULHV RI WKH ZRUOG DQG WKH VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH VXSSRUWLQJ WKH UROH RI ELRORJLFDO IDFWRUV LQ

Considero a passagem pelo contexto de 1.º CEB - 3.º ano (a última prática pedagógica do Mestrado) – um pouco diferente das restantes, uma vez que as componentes de

4 de Junho de 2005: Apresentação dos trabalhos dos alunos, inseridos na programação cultural da Feira do Livro de Leiria, “ENCENANDO EM TORNO DE AFONSO LOPES VIEIRA”,

:H DUH LQWHUHVWHG LQ FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ JHQHV LQYROYHG LQ WKHHDUO\VWDJHVRIÀRUDOGHYHORSPHQWLQZRRG\DQJLRVSHUP WUHHV RI WKH JHQXV (XFDO\SWX V :LWK WKLV DLP ZH KDYH XVHG WKH VHTXHQFHV RI

Zh frqvlghu looltxlglw| dv wkh lpsrvvlelolw| wr wudqvdfw wkh xqghuo|lqj dvvhw dw jlyhq srlqwv lq wlph1 Wkhuhiruh/ pdunhwv duh qr orqjhu frpsohwh dqg wkh delolw| wr frqvwuxfw dw