• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Patents in the pharmaceutical industry

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Share "Patents in the pharmaceutical industry"

Copied!
5
0
0

Texto

(1)

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

7KH SKDUPDFHXWLFDO LQGXVWU\ LV SUHVHQW RQ WKH ZRUOG PDUNHW DQG WKHUHIRUH LQWHUQDWLRQDO WUHDWLHV DUH RI VSHFLDO LQWHUHVW 2QH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW LQWHUQDWLRQDO REOLJDWLRQV WKH $JUHHPHQW RQ 7UDGH²5HODWHG $VSHFWV RI !"# $ % """ # &"[]' (% "" ) * &" * * " * ) ' ) *" " ) * " # + + ) '

% # * ) % * * * % )) )) # * ' "" !"# " , *" # ) ) % * "" , * % # " " " * ) - )" ) , " " # , # # %' & !"# " , *" #. " * " * " " & /0[]'

& $) 1 * 2 2 $) 2$ # * ) % # % % % )) )) 3*3 3+#)3 " 4 * &"5 # " * " * " " # # " " " # # ) % # ) # " * * " & 6/[/]'

# " * ) # # * # " 7 * ' *" 2 % * " ' 3*3 " 4 # ' "" * 2 ** 2 1 * ," % % * " ) " * # [8]' " % " % ) ' 9%

!"# " $%& &&'())' '*

3+$50$&(87,&$/,1'8675<

7KH SKDUPDFHXWLFDO LQGXVWU\ LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ G\QDPLF GHYHORSPHQW WKH H[LVWHQFH RI ELJ PXOWLQDWLRQDO FRPSDQLHV DQG D JOREDO PDUNHW 6XFK GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH SKDUPDFHXWLFDO LQGXVWU\ ZDV KLJKO\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI SDWHQW SURWHFWLRQ DQG FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK LQWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\ UHJXODWLRQV 2QH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW LQWHUQDWLRQDO REOLJDWLRQV LV WKH 75,36 $JUHHPHQW

! NL SXW EE =HPXQ²%HOJUDGH 3DSHU UHFHLYHG )HEUXDU\

3DSHU DFFHSWHG 0DUFK

(2)

! " # $ # % $ & [] ' % ( ))

'*+( ! , ! ! -. -/ '*+( ! , ( 0 # 1 0 #

' '*+( ! 2 ! %( 3 . 445 !!" !!

# " " $%& & " ' ( )&'(* % + ,-. / ,- & 0 ,,1 ) % 2 &% $ 3-4, &% $ 34,3 * 5 ' % )'%* 6 6 7 5 & ' %" " 31 / . ,, )8 /

&'8* 6 9 ! & " + ) 31* [] # 52:' 0 6 7

[]

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

,Q WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV WKH UHVHDUFK H[FHSWLRQ PHDQV H[SHULPHQWDO RU RWKHU QRQ SURILW SXUSRVHV 7KH

(3)

! " " " # $ % & "" ' " ( '( ) * ! " # $ "% & && ' "# ( & & ) ) &" []#

* & + ,- & ) . && " # /) 0.0 & & " & & 0 0[1]#

2 & & ,- /" & 0 0 3 4 5" 6# 2" .. 6# )# ,* " ." " . & 7 )# 4 )" & " 7 ) & &"# 4 ) ) " &" 8 # 4 " " " & "[1]#

!* " 9 0 % & " 0 9:# ; . ) 9#3 0 % & 0 0 &"" 0 & 0 &" 3

) )) ) & "& ) & <

& & 7 ) <

% & 7" " & 0#

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

*HQHULF FRPSDQLHV PDQXIDFWXUH DQG PDUNHW YHU\ LPSRUWDQW SKDUPDFHXWLFDO SURGXFWV DW ORZHU SULFHV IRU WKH FRQVXPHUV DQG SURYLGH LPSURYHG DIIRUGDELOLW\ RI PHGLFLQHV *HQHULFV DUH SKDUPDFHXWLFDO SURGXFWV ZKLFK DUH QRW SURWHFWHG E\ D SDWHQW LQ IRUFH DQG ZKLFK DUH

! " " # $ % &' %((( " [)] * + & ' , - # . / ./ 0 1 " # [2] + " &' # " 3 " $ -,$ %(45 " 6 # , # 6 7 * ./ 0 8 . 0 9 * # ## # * " ./

(4)

! " # $ [%]

[]

! " # $ %&' % (

! " # $% $

& " '

' " "

' $$

!"#! "!# #$ %!"

[(]

! " ! # ! ! $%%& '( $ )& * + ' , ! - * $,!-& . ! / 0 / / 1 / 2 - [] 0 ! / . $ &3 3 4 ! / 0(! 4 5 ! # ! /

[6 ]

7 8 $ ! # & 0(! 4 )

(5)

&21&/86,21

! " #$$% !

7KH DXWKRU ZDV HPSOR\HG LQ WKH )HGHUDO ,QWHOOHFWXDO 3URSHUW\ 2IILFH DV D FRXQVHOORU WR WKH GLUHFWRU 6KH LV D IUHTXHQW DXWKRU DQG OHFWXUHU RQ SDWHQW PDWWHUV LQ SDUWLFXODU LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH SKDUPDFHXWLFDO LQGXVWU\

5()(5(1&(6

[1]

! "##$%

[2] & ! ' '

& ! $% ( "#)* +

! ",%-% "##. /0 ' 1 !( "###%

[3] '+ '

' 2(% 3,,"%

[4] % 4 ! !5 6 78 ( 9

7! 6 !7 7! 7 9 ! : ; 9 ( 3,,"%

[5] % & 6 + 6

/0 1 "##$ <33%

[6] =% ( 6 9 6 >9 ?0

; 4 3,,* 3@3<%

[7] 4% 6 6

' -% 3,,3 3,33%

[8] % 4 ! !5 6 7 9 9! 9 :

:6 !7 7! 7 9 ! : ; "##<%

[9] A9 B A9 C !B A9

7 B A9 9 79 9 6C( 46 (% "$D#$%

[10] % 4 ! !5 6 ! 78 9

! :6 E% % "##< 3.*3%

[11] ?% 895 % F !5 % 4 ! !5 6A8 G

79 ( : ( : : !:! 7!6 9 9 ! : "##. "3)*"3).

5(=,0(

!" ##$ % & %'(" &($ )"*

+,"% %($ ( "-" %.",( % .&$ % *( %'(" &( .%"" +"" " "$ &&" (" &% %"." &-" """ %("# * %" " &( /+,"%" %(" " &% %(%" %("$ ( " ."" &-"# (" /+,"% %( .% %"%+ '-$ & ( % '" "" +"" &%" "*"# .%"0 * & ( (" %.&+ ( "&(" %" ," "%" *0 %" *&,("# +,"% %( ( ( 1 *%( %" &( %( % "+ %"%+ +.(+ & .-(" .,0 . &-" %(%" %("# 2% "* (" " !" *0 %(" ( % (" 3445#$ *+$ %*-" % +"+ "*+$ ." %"* %.&++ ",(+ ".%+ .0 "# *%"% ." .% %" .% .%* & & .""#

( " " 6 " • +,"0 % %(• "" %(0 • %(% %( • " "& • %.&+• 2 ."+• "7 8%6 " • 9+,"0 , %7 • "", .."7 • % .."7• " * • *""+" • " :8•

Referências

Documentos relacionados

O sangue não é um material sensível para a pesquisa de DNA do parasita devido à baixa parasitémia associada à Leismaniose felina, sendo que as formas amastigotas raramente

Foram também apresentados os resultados quantitativos dos testes realizados, tanto no ambiente de desenvolvimento como no ambiente de produção, bem como as vulnerabilidades de

Considero a passagem pelo contexto de 1.º CEB - 3.º ano (a última prática pedagógica do Mestrado) – um pouco diferente das restantes, uma vez que as componentes de

Analysing the results robustness by stock exchange, we observed that for rms quoted in the NASDAQ stock exchange, which represent nearly 23% of our sample, there were

$ NH\ DVSHFW RI OHDUQLQJ PXOWLSOLFDWLRQ LV WKH WUDQVLWLRQ IURP WKH XVH RI DGGLWLYH SURFHGXUHV WR PXOWLSOLFDWLYH RQHV :H FDQ LGHQWLI\ UHVHDUFK HYLGHQFH RQ NH\ FRQGLWLRQV WKDW

A par dos novos modelos de turismo eco – sustentável, caracterizado por Sarmento &amp; Portela (2010), apoiado nos recursos naturais e humanos locais, as unidades de qualidade

LQWHUDFWLRQV HVWDEOLVKHG ZLWK WKH SURWHLQ VXUIDFH $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH FXUUHQW PRGHOV SURWHLQ VWDELOL]DWLRQ E\ VROXWHV LV ODUJHO\ H[SODLQHG RQ WKH EDVLV RI VROXWH H[FOXVLRQ IURP WKH