ANÁLISE DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANUTENÇÃO INDUSTRIAL EM TRANSFORMADORES DE POTÊNCIA

(1)

68JA969:9:>WC8>6H:,:8CDAD<>6H 96-C>K:GH>969:9:D>B7G6

)4%68%1)283()2+)2,%6-%0)8638E'2-'%)()31498%(36)7

ANÁLISE DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANUTENÇÃO INDUSTRIAL EM TRANSFORMADORES DE POTÊNCIA

>HH:GI6UTDCDSB7>ID9D%:HIG69D!CI:<G69D:BC<:C=6G>6A:IGDIV8C>86:9:DBEJI69DG:H QG:69::HE:8>6A>O6UTD:BC:G<>6DG>:CI696E:AD(GD;:HHDGDJIDGC9GV%6CJ:A9DH+6CIDH

%:C9:H:8DDG>:CI696E:ADC<:C=:>GD*>86G9D.XIDGG6K:>GD+>BZ:HDG<:H6EG:H:CI6966D :E6GI6B:CID9:C<:C=6G>6A:IGDIV8C>86:9:DBEJI69DG:H9668JA969:9:>WC8>6H:

,:8CDAD<>6H96-C>K:GH>969::D>B7G6

AUTOR

GJC6G>HI>6C6G6<69:(G6I6H

JURI

(GD;:HHDGDJIDG+VG<>D%6CJ:AcC<:AD96GJO (GD;:HHDGDJIDG:GC6C9D"DHV,:>M:>G6HIWKTD:GG:>G6

(GD;:HHDGDJIDGC9GV%6CJ:A9D+6CIDH%:C9:H

H:I:B7GD9:

(2)

>>

(3)

>>>

Agradecimentos

BEG>B:>GDAJ<6G:MEG:HHDDB:J6<G69:8>B:CID6D(GD;:HHDGDJIDGC9GV%6CJ:A9DH+6CIDH

%:C9:HDE6E:AFJ:I:K:8DBDDG>:CI69DG96E6GI:9D:E6GI6B:CID9:C<:C=6G>6A:IGDIV8C>86:

9:DBEJI69DG:H9668JA969:9:>WC8>6H:,:8CDAD<>6H96-C>K:GH>969:9:D>B7G67:B8DBD 6HJ6DG>:CI6UTD8>:CIX;>868DBEG::CHTD9>HEDC>7>A>969::6ED>DEG:HI69D6DADC<D96G:6A>O6UTD 9:HI:IG676A=D

<G69:UDI6B7VBR9>G:UTD9D:CIGD9:(GD9JUTD9:+DJH:A6H96>BEDGE:A6DEDGIJC>969:9:

:HI6<>6GC:HI6H>CHI6A6UZ:H:ED9:G6HH>B:ME:G>:C8>6GD9>669>6CJB68>B:CI:>G69:G:;:GWC8>6 'B:JH>C8:GD6<G69:8>B:CID6DB:JHJE:GK>HDG9::HIQ<>D:>G:IDG9D+:GK>UD9:DCH:GK6UTD 9D :CIGD 9: (GD9JUTD 9: +DJH:A6H C<^ *>86G9D DG<:H E:AD I:BED 9>HEDC>7>A>O69D E:A6 8DA67DG6UTDIV8C>86:EDGID9DD8J>969D9:BDCHIG69D6DADC<D9:HI:E:GXD9D

B>C=6<G6I>9TD6ID9DHDHB:JH8DA:<6H9D<67>C:I:IV8C>8D9:8DCH:GK6UTDE:A6;DGB66EG6OXK:A 8DB FJ: B: G:8:7:G6B : >CI:<G6G6B CD <GJED : E:ADH 8DC=:8>B:CIDH : BVID9DH 9: IG676A=D IG6CHB>I>9DH8DCIG>7J>C9D6HH>BE6G6DB:J:CG>FJ:8>B:CIDE:HHD6A:EGD;>HH>DC6A

DHB:JH6B><DH:8DA:<6H9:8JGHD+6G6+6CIDHC6(>C=DA>H67:I:+6CIDHC6*>I6+>AK6:

6 ID9DH DH DJIGDH 8DB FJ:B 8GJO:> 86B>C=D D B:J BJ>ID D7G><69D EDG EGDEDG8>DC6G:B 7DCH BDB:CIDH:6B>O69:6DADC<D9DB:JE:G8JGHD6869VB>8D

(DG;>B:I:C9D6EA:C68DCH8>WC8>69:FJ:H:B:A:HC6969>HIDI:G>6H>9DEDHHXK:ADB:J:I:GCD

D7G><69DRB>C=66KY%6G>6J<VC>6RB>C=6BT:6DHB:JH>GBTDH:RB>C=6I>6!G:C:EDGID9D

:H;DGUDH68G>;X8>D:9:KDUTD9:BDCHIG69DHBJ>IDE6G66AVB9DB:JE:G8JGHD6869VB>8D

(4)

>K

(5)

K

Resumo

EGD9JUTD9:8>B:CIDVJB66I>K>969:8DB76HI6CI:=>HIYG>66CXK:AC68>DC6A8DB6>C9[HIG>6 8>B:CI:>G6 6 G:EG:H:CI6G JB6 EGDEDGUTD 8DCH>9:GQK:A 96 :8DCDB>6 EDGIJ<J:H6 =Q A6G<DH 6CDH DCIJ9D:HI68DB:U66G:K:A6GH:6A<DD7HDA:I6:HJG<>G6BEG:D8JE6UZ:HCDE6G6A:AD9DHH>HI:B6H EGD9JI>KDH8DB6HHJ6H8DC8DGG:CI:H>CI:GC68>DC6>H

&6 8DC?JCIJG6 96 <:HITD 9: 6I>KDH 6 B6CJI:CUTD IDGC6H: C:8:HHQG>6 C6 BD9:A6UTD 9:

8DBEDGI6B:CIDH DE:G68>DC6>H : C6 >BEA:B:CI6UTD 9: B:ID9DAD<>6H FJ: 8DCIG>7J6B E6G6 JB6 69B>C>HIG6UTD HJHI:CIQK:A 96 ;Q7G>86 :HI6 ;DGB6 6 EDAXI>86 9: B6CJI:CUTD 6HHJB: JB E6E:A 9:8>H>KDC6<6G6CI>6969>HEDC>7>A>969::96;>67>A>969:9DH:FJ>E6B:CIDHJI>A>O69DHCDHEGD8:HHDH EGD9JI>KDH>C;AJ:C8>6C9DH><C>;>86I>K6B:CI:DH8JHIDH6HHD8>69DHREGD9JUTD:RFJ6A>969:9:HH:H B:HBDHEGD9JIDH

&:HI: H:CI>9D ;D> EGDEDHI6 E:A6 9>G:UTD 9D H:GK>UD 9: 8DCH:GK6UTD 9D :CIGD 9: (GD9JUTD 9:

+DJH:A6H(+6G:CDK6UTD9DHEA6CDH9:B6CJI:CUTD8DBD>CIJ>ID9:B:A=DG6G:DI>B>O6G6 B6CJI:CUTD :;:IJ696 6DH B6>H 9>K:GHDH :FJ>E6B:CIDH CIG: :HI:H DH IG6CH;DGB69DG:H HTD 67HDAJI6B:CI:9:I:GB>C6CI:HE6G6D8DGG:ID;JC8>DC6B:CID96JC>969::HI6C9DHJ?:>IDH69>K:GH6H K6G>6CI:H 8DB 86E68>969: 9: 8DBEGDB:I:G H:K:G6B:CI: DH CXK:>H 9: EGD9JUTD 96 ;Q7G>86 686GG:I6C9D 8JHIDH CTD HY 96 6K6G>6 8DBD I6B7VB 96 ;6AI6 9: EGD9JUTD HI6 E6GI>8JA6G>969:

BDI>KDJ D 9:H:CKDAK>B:CID 9: JB6 ;:GG6B:CI6 9: 6K6A>6UTD 9D :HI69D 9: 8DC9>UTD <:G6A 9DH IG6CH;DGB69DG:H CIG: 6H 9>K:GH6H 6I>K>969:H G:6A>O696H ;DG6B 6>C96 9:H:CKDAK>96H ;>8=6H 9:

EGD8:9>B:CIDH 9:I6A=696H 8DB D EGDEYH>ID 9: 6JM>A>6G DH EGD8:HHDH 9: B6CJI:CUTD EG:K:CI>K6 G:6A>O6966DHIG6CH;DGB69DG:H9:BV9>6I:CHTDEG:H:CI:HCD:CIGD9:(GD9JUTD

(GDEDG6D(+JBCDKDBVID9D9:9>6<CYHI>8D9:6K6G>6H:BIG6CH;DGB69DG:H9:EDIWC8>6FJ6C9D :HI:HIWB6K6G>6HC6E6GI:6I>K6VDD7?:I>KDEG>BDG9>6A9:HI:IG676A=D

HI:IG676A=DVEDGI6CIDDG:HJAI69D9D:CFJ69G6B:CID9D:HIQ<>D:B8DCI:MID9:IG676A=D6IG6KVH 96>CI:<G6UTDC6H6I>K>969:H9:B6CJI:CUTD9DH:FJ>E6B:CIDH:AVIG>8DH96;Q7G>86CDB:696B:CI:

C6 DI>B>O6UTD 9DH EGD8:HHDH 9: B6CJI:CUTD 9DH IG6CH;DGB69DG:H : CD 68DBE6C=6B:CID 9:

H>IJ6UZ:HG:6>H9:B6CJI:CUTD:B86BED

%6CJI:CUTD(A6CDH9:B6CJI:CUTD,G6CH;DGB69DG:HHI69D9:8DCH:GK6UTD

(6)

K>

(7)

K>>

Abstract

:B:CIEGD9J8I>DC>H6C68I>K>INL>I=6ADID;=>HIDGN6II=:C6I>DC6AA:K:AL>I=I=:8:B:CI>C9JHIGN G:EG:H:CI>C<68DCH>9:G67A:EGDEDGI>DCD;I=:(DGIJ<J:H::8DCDBN;DGN:6GHCDL DL:K:GI=>H 7:<>CHIDG:K:6AHDB:I=>C<96I:96C98DC8:GCH=6K:6G>H:C>CI=:E6G6AA:AD;EGD9J8I>DCHNHI:BH L>I=I=:>G>CI:GC6I>DC6A8DBE:I>IDGH

I I=: ?JC8IJG: D; 6HH:I B6C6<:B:CI B6>CI:C6C8: 7:8DB:H C:8:HH6GN >C I=: BD9:AA>C< D;

DE:G6I>DC6A7:=6K>DGH6C9>CI=:>BEA:B:CI6I>DCD;B:I=D9DAD<>:HI=6I8DCIG>7JI:ID6HJHI6>C67A:

B6C6<:B:CID;I=:EA6CI!CI=>HL6NI=:B6>CI:C6C8:EDA>8N6HHJB:H69:8>H>K:GDA:>C:CHJG>C<

I=: 6K6>A67>A>IN 6C9 G:A>67>A>IN D; I=: :FJ>EB:CI JH:9 >C I=: EGD9J8I>DC EGD8:HH:H H><C>;>86CIAN

>C;AJ:C8>C<I=:8DHIH6HHD8>6I:9L>I=I=:B6CJ;68IJG>C<6C9FJ6A>IND;I=:H:EGD9J8IH

!CI=>HH:CH:>IL6HEGDEDH:97NI=:9>G:8I>DCD;I=:8DCH:GK6I>DC+:GK>8:D;I=:+DJH:A6H(GD9J8I>DC :CI:GIDG:C:LI=:B6>CI:C6C8:EA6CHL>I=I=:6>BD;>BEGDK>C<6C9DEI>B>O>C<I=:B6>CI:C6C8:

86GG>:9DJIL>I=I=:BDHI9>K:GH::FJ>EB:CIBDC<I=:H:I=:,G6CH;DGB:GH6G:67HDAJI:AN9:8>H>K:

;DGI=:8DGG:8IDE:G6I>DCD;I=:JC>I7:>C<HJ7?:8I:9IDH:K:G6AK6G>6CIHL>I=I=:67>A>INIDH:K:G:AN 8DBEGDB>H:I=:EGD9J8I>DCA:K:AHD;I=:;68IDGNG:HJAI>C<>C8DHIHCDIDCAND;I=:7G:6@9DLC6H (GD9J8I>DC>H6AHDA68@>C<,=>HE6GI>8JA6G>INBDI>K6I:9I=:9:K:ADEB:CID;6IDDAID:K6AJ6I:I=:

HI6I:D;<:C:G6A8DC9>I>DCD;I=:,G6CH;DGB:GHBDC<I=:K6G>DJH68I>K>I>:HE:G;DGB:99:I6>A:9 EGD8:9JG:HL:G:6AHD9:K:ADE:9L>I=I=:EJGEDH:D;6HH>HI>C<I=:EG:K:CI>K:B6>CI:C6C8:EGD8:HH:H E:G;DGB:9IDI=:B:9>JBKDAI6<:IG6CH;DGB:GHEG:H:CI6II=:EGD9J8I>DC8:CI:G

,=>HLDG@>HI=:G:;DG:I=:G:HJAID;I=:;G6B:LDG@D;I=:>CI:GCH=>E>CI=:8DCI:MID;LDG@I=GDJ<=

I=:>CI:<G6I>DC>CI=:B6>CI:C6C8:68I>K>I>:HD;I=::A:8IG>86A:FJ>EB:CID;I=:;68IDGNCDI67AN>C I=:DEI>B>O6I>DCD;I=:EGD8:HH:HD;B6>CI:C6C8:D;I=:,G6CH;DGB:GH6C9I=:BDC>IDG>C<D;68IJ6A

;>:A9B6>CI:C6C8:H>IJ6I>DCH

**$#%-28)2%2')%-28)2%2')40%27"6%27361)67!8%8)3'327)6:%8-32**

(8)

K>>>

(9)

>M

Índice de Figuras

Figura 1. Cimpor - Centro de Produção de Souselas

Figura 2. Esquema de uma linha de produção de cimento

Figura 3. Principais componentes de um transformador a óleo.

Figura 4. Curva da banheira

Figura 5. Distribuição de falhas típicas para transformadores de subestações.

Figura 6. Indisponibilidade do transformador associado a cada tipo de avaria.

Figura 7. Subestação Cimpor Souselas

Figura 8. Diagrama Unifilar da Subestação do CPS

Figura 9.Transformador em avaria: Do lado esquerdo, anel metálico de aperto da fase U levantado e do lado direito perno da fase W fundido devido aos esforços de curto circuito criados pelo defeito.

Figura 10.Relatório exemplificativo de análise ao óleo nos transformadores do CPS Figura 11. Transformador de potência 2 (12MVA) da subestação do CPS.

Figura 12.Transformador de potência 3 (30MVA) da subestação do CPS.

Figura 13. Transformador de corrente no lado da alta tensão do TP3.

Figura 14. Chapa de características do transformador de corrente do TP3 com uma razão de

transformação de 300/5A.

Figura 15. Transformador de corrente no lado da alta tensão do TP3.

Figura 16. Cabos para medição das correntes do lado da alta tensão(60kV) e da baixa tensão(6kV).

Figura 17.Representação do bloco que determina as componentes transversal e longitudinal da corrente

de alimentação.

Figura 18. Esquema em ambiente de simulação de TI de 300/5A.

Figura 19. Esquema em ambiente de simulação de TI de 3000/5A.

Figura 20. Vetor de Park das correntes elétricas de alimentação com o transformador em condições

normais

Figura 21.Representação do Vetor de Park da corrente elétrica de alimentação, para o mesma severidade de avaria no enrolamento do primário do transformador, mas localizada em fases distintas, medidas no

primário do transformador: a) fase a; b) fase b; c) fase c.

Figura 22. Representação do Vetor de Park da corrente elétrica de alimentação, para a mesma

severidade de avaria no enrolamento do primário do transformador, mas localizada em fases distintas,

medidas no secundário do transformador: a) fase a; b) fase b; c) fase c.

(10)

M Figura 23. Representação do Vetor de Park da corrente elétrica de alimentação, para a mesma severidade de avaria no enrolamento do secundário do transformador, mas localizada em fases distintas, medidas no primário do transformador: a) fase a; b) fase b; c) fase c.

Figura 24. Representação do Vetor de Park da corrente elétrica de alimentação, para a mesma severidade de avaria no enrolamento do secundário do transformador, mas localizada em fases distintas, medidas no secundário do transformador: a) fase a; b) fase b; c) fase c.

Figura 25. Representação da transformada de Park das correntes de alimentação na situação em que a

fase b tem uma falha total.

(11)

M>

Índice de Tabelas

Tabela 1. Valores típicos de fator de dissipação dielétrica

Tabela 2. Aquisição de dados referentes aos planos de manutenção dos transformadores no CPS

Tabela 3. Comparação de métodos de diagnóstico

Índice de Organogramas

Organograma 1. Classificação dos tipos de manutenção.

Organograma 2. Organização da direção do Serviço de Conservação

(12)

M>>

(13)

M>>>

Lista de Símbolos

I ,DC:A696BVIG>86

I =DG6 ,DC:A696EDG=DG6

I 9>6 ,DC:A696EDG9>6

₊

,:CHTD9:6A>B:CI6UTD96;6H:6

_,

,:CHTD9:6A>B:CI6UTD96;6H:7

_-

,:CHTD9:6A>B:CI6UTD96;6H:8

₍

*:H>HIWC8>696;6H:6

₎

*:H>HIWC8>696;6H:7

_*

*:H>HIWC8>696;6H:8

cC<JAD9:E:G96H

θ (DH>UTD6C<JA6G9:G:;:GWC8>6

₀

DGG:CI:9:6A>B:CI6UTDC6;6H:6

₁

DGG:CI:9:6A>B:CI6UTDC6;6H:7

₂

DGG:CI:9:6A>B:CI6UTDC6;6H:8

_.

DBEDC:CI:DGID<DC6A968DGG:CI:H:<JC9DD:>MD9

_/

DBEDC:CI:DGID<DC6A968DGG:CI:H:<JC9DD:>MDF

(14)

M>K

(15)

MK

Lista de Acrónimos

!* 327)-028)62%8-32%0()76%2(7 E7)%9<0)'86-59)7

(+ :CIGD9:(GD9JUTD9:+DJH:A6H

, DBJI69DG9:I:CHTD:B86G<6

! 278-898)30)'86-'%2(0)'8632-'2+-2))67*

6IDG9:9>HH>E6UTD

!( !CHE:UTD:(G:E6G6UTD

!( !CHE:UTD:EG:E6G6UTD:AVIG>86

!(% !CHE:UTD:EG:E6G6UTDB:8SC>86

(% (A6CD9:%6CJI:CUTD

* *:6A>O6UTDAVIG>86

% :6A>O6UTD%:8SC>86

+( +>HI:B6HEA>86I>KDH:(GD9JIDHE6G6(GD8:HH6B:CID9:69DH

+ +:GK>UD9:DCH:GK6UTD

(16)

MK>

(17)

MK>>

Índice

ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ... IX

ÍNDICE DE TABELAS ... XI

ÍNDICE DE ORGANOGRAMAS ... XI

LISTA DE SÍMBOLOS ... XIII

LISTA DE ACRÓNIMOS ... XV

1.

INTRODUÇÃO ... 1

1.1.

ENQUADRAMENTO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++0

1.2.

OBJETIVO DO TRABALHO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1

1.3.

ORGANIZAÇÃO DA DISSERTAÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1

2.

A INDUSTRIA CIMENTEIRA ... 5

2.1.

INTRODUÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4

2.2.

INDÚSTRIA CIMENTEIRA EM PORTUGAL [1,2]+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4

2.3.

CIMPOR –CIMENTOS DE PORTUGAL [1]++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++5

2.4.

CENTRO DE PRODUÇÃO DE SOUSELAS [1]++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++6

PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO [3]+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7

2.4.1.1.

EXTRAÇÃO DE MATÉRIAS-PRIMAS

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8

2.4.1.2.

BRITAGEM,PRÉ- HOMOGENEIZAÇÃO E MOAGEM DE CRU

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8

2.4.1.3.

MOAGEM DE CARVÃO

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8

2.4.1.4.

C^OZEDURA

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8

2.4.1.5.

MOAGEM DE CIMENTO

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8

2.4.1.6.

ENSACAGEM E EXPEDIÇÃO

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++0/

2.4.1.7.

CONTROLO DE QUALIDADE

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++0/

2.5.

CONCLUSÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++00

3.

A EVOLUÇÃO DA MANUTENÇÃO ... 13

3.1.

I^NTRODUÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++02

3.2.

FUNÇÃO DA MANUTENÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++02

3.3.

PLANO DE MANUTENÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++03

3.4.

TIPOS DA MANUTENÇÃO

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++04

MANUTENÇÃO CORRETIVA

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++04

MANUTENÇÃO CORRETIVA PALIATIVA

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++05

MÂNUTENÇÃOCÔRRETIVACÛRATIVA

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++05

MANUTENÇÃO PREVENTIVA

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++05

MANUTENÇÃO PREVENTIVA SISTEMÁTICA

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++05

MANUTENÇÃO PREVENTIVA CONDICIONADA

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++06

MANUTENÇÃO OPORTUNISTA,ESPECIAL OU EXTRAORDINÁRIA

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++06

(18)

MK>>>

3.5.

A DISPONIBILIDADE NA REDE ELÉTRICA

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++06

3.6.

CONCLUSÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++07

4.

TRANSFORMADORES DE POTÊNCIA ... 19

4.1.

INTRODUÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++08

4.2.

AVARIAS EM TRANSFORMADORES DE POTÊNCIA

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1/

4.3.

ESTUDOS ESTATÍSTICOS DE FIABILIDADE

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++10

4.4.

MÉTODOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO DE AVARIAS EM TRANSFORMADORES

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++12

MÉTODOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO AO ÓLEO MINERAL ISOLANTE

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++12

4.4.1.1.

ANÁLISE DO ÓLEO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++12

4.4.1.2.

ANÁLISE DE GASES DISSOLVIDOS NO ÓLEO

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++12

4.4.1.3. ANÁLISE DOS COMPOSTOS FURÂNICOS

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 13

MÉTODO DE DIAGNÓSTICO AO PAPEL ISOLANTE

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++13

4.4.2.1.

GRAU DE POLIMERIZAÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++13

TEMPERATURA

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++14

V^IBRAÇÕES

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++14

MÉTODOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO DE PARÂMETROS ELÉTRICOS

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++15

4.4.5.1.

RESISTÊNCIA DE ISOLAMENTO E ÍNDICE DE POLARIZAÇÃO

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++15

4.4.5.2.

FATOR DE DISSIPAÇÃO DO DIELÉTRICO OU =#>

15

4.4.5.3.

RESISTÊNCIA DOS ENROLAMENTOS

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++16

4.4.5.4.

RAZÃO DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++16

4.4.5.5.

INDUTÂNCIA DE FUGAS

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++16

4.4.5.6.

CORRENTE DE EXCITAÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++17

4.4.5.7.

DESCARGAS PARCIAIS

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++17

4.4.5.8.

TENSÃO DE RESTABELECIMENTO E CORRENTES DE POLARIZAÇÃO

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++17

4.4.5.9.

ANÁLISE DE RESPOSTA EM FREQUÊNCIA

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++17

4.4.5.10.

VETOR DE PARK DA CORRENTE ELÉTRICA DO PRIMÁRIO E DO SECUNDÁRIO

++++++++++++++++++++++++18

DIAGNÓSTICO DE AVARIAS NAS TRAVESSIAS E NO COMUTADOR DE TENSÃO EM CARGA

+++++++++++18

SISTEMAS DE MONITORIZAÇÃO CONTÍNUA

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++18

4.5.

CONCLUSÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2/

5.

CASO DE ESTUDO ... 31

5.1.

INTRODUÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++20

5.2.

REDE ELÉTRICA NO CPS++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++20

5.3.

MANUTENÇÃO NO CPS++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++22

ORGANIZAÇÃO DO SERVIÇO DE CONSERVAÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++22

PLANEAMENTO,PREPARAÇÃO E EXECUÇÃO

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++23

5.4.

MANUTENÇÃO DE TRANSFORMADORES NO CPS++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++24

5.5.

PROPOSTAS À ALTERAÇÃO DOS PLANOS DE MANUTENÇÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++28

5.6.

CONCLUSÃO

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++36

6.

CONCLUSÃO ... 49

(19)

M>M

6.1.

CONCLUSÕES GERAIS

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++38

6.2.

SUGESTÕES PARA TRABALHOS FUTUROS

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4/

6.3.

OBSERVAÇÃO FINAL

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++40

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ... 53

(20)

MM

(21)

CQA>H:9:HIG6IV<>6H9:%6CJI:CUTD:B,G6CH;DGB69DG:H9:(DIWC8>6

1.INTRODUÇÃO

1.1. Enquadramento

>9:>69:JB6;Q7G>869:8>B:CID:KD86K66IV=Q6A<JCH6CDH6IGQHJB6E6>H6<:B8D7:GI6EDG JB6ED:>G67G6C86FJ:H:9:EDH>I6K6HD7G:6HQGKDG:HI:A=69DHE:HHD6HEDGID9DDA69D

DBDI6A6H>C9[HIG>6H9:8>B:CID:B8DA67DG6UTD8DBDH;67G>86CI:H9::FJ>E6B:CIDHIWBK>C9D 6G:JC>G:H;DGUDHCDH:CI>9D9:DI>B>O6GDEGD8:HHDCDHH:JH9>;:G:CI:H8DBEDC:CI:HI:C9DH:BEG:

:BK>HI6B>CDG6GDH6HE:IDH>C8YBD9DHC:HI:I>ED9:>C9[HIG>6IJ6AB:CI:6E:C6HJB6E:FJ:C6 FJ6CI>969:9:K6EDG:H7G6CFJ>U69D:H86E6E:A6H8=6B>CVH96H;Q7G>86H

:K>9D 6D :A:K69D 8DCHJBD 9: :C:G<>6 =DJK: C:8:HH>969: 9: 696EI6G 6H 6UZ:H 9: <:HITD :BEG:H6G>6A:EGD8JG6GHDAJUZ:HE6G6DEGD7A:B6:C:G<VI>8D969DFJ:DK6ADGG:EG:H:CI66B6>DG

;6I>6CD8JHID9:;67G>8D9:8>B:CID

BG:HEDHI66:HI6H:M><WC8>6H6Q7G>869:>B:CID9:H9:6E:9G:>G66IVR:ME:9>UTD9DEGD9JID 686769DBJC>JH:9::FJ>E6B:CIDH76HI6CI:HD;>HI>869DHJI>A>O6C9D6HB6>HBD9:GC6HI:8CDAD<>6H :M>HI:CI:H

CIG: :HH:H :FJ>E6B:CIDH :C8DCIG6BH: DH IG6CH;DGB69DG:H : ID9DH DH DJIGDH :FJ>E6B:CIDH :AVIG>8DHG:HEDCHQK:>HEDG<G6C9:E6GI:96HI6G:;6H9:JB6A>C=69:EGD9JUTD&6H[AI>B6H9V8696H 6>C9[HIG>6IDGCDJH:9:I6A;DGB69:E:C9:CI:9:HI6HBQFJ>C6HFJ:JB6H>BEA:H;6A=6EDGB6>H H>BEA:HFJ:H:?6ED9:8DBEGDB:I:GDHCXK:>H9:EGD9JUTD9>QG>DH9:JB6:BEG:H6:HI6;DGB66 HJ6 B6CJI:CUTD 9:K: H:G G:<JA6G 8G>I:G>DH6 : H: EDHHXK:A 6?JHI696 E6G6 8696 :FJ>E6B:CID CD H:CI>9D9::K>I6G9:;:>IDH9:HC:8:HHQG>DH

696:HI69:E:C9WC8>6IDGC6H::HH:C8>6AFJ:6B6CJI:CUTDH:?6JB6AKD8DCHI6CI:9::HIJ9D:9:

G:BD9:A6UZ:HFJ:K>H:BDB:A=DG6B:CID96HHJ6HEGQI>86H:D6JB:CID96HJ6:;>8Q8>6CDH9>K:GHDH :FJ>E6B:CIDHPC:HI:8DCI:MIDFJ:H:>CH:G::HI69>HH:GI6UTDBDI>K696E:A68DCHI6CI:C:8:HH>969:

9:6E:G;:>UD6G6B6CJI:CUTD:M:G8>96C6H>CHI6A6UZ:H9D:CIGD9:(GD9JUTD9:+DJH:A6H(+

:BD>B7G69D<GJED>BEDG>B:CIDH9:(DGIJ<6A+AD86ADC9:DB:HBD;D>G:6A>O69D G:6A>O6UTD 9:HI: IG676A=D EG:I:C9: 6C6A>H6G 6 :KDAJUTD : 6H CDK6H :HIG6IV<>6H : EDAXI>86H 9:

B6CJI:CUTD EG:K:CI>K6 : EG:9>I>K6 7:B 8DBD B:A=DG6G 6 :;>8Q8>6 96FJ:A6H EG6I>8696H CDH IG6CH;DGB69DG:H9D(+6IG6KVH96>BEA:B:CI6UTD9:JB6CDK6;:GG6B:CI69:6K6A>6UTD9D:HI69D 9:8DC9>UTD<:G6A9:IG6CH;DGB69DG:H9:EDIWC8>6

(22)

1.2. Objetivo do trabalho

&D9:8DGG:G9:HI::HIQ<>D;D>C:8:HHQG>D8DBEG::C9:GD;JC8>DC6B:CID96A>C=69:EGD9JUTD9:

8>B:CIDDH8DC8:>IDH:B:ID9DAD<>6H6HHD8>69DHRHJ6B6CJI:CUTD:RH:HIG6IV<>6H69DI696H DADC<D9:HI69>HH:GI6UTDH:GQ6C6A>H69D:B9:I6A=:D8DC8:>IDB6CJI:CUTDI6CID6CXK:AI:YG>8D 8DBDEGQI>8D

EYHJB66CQA>H:=>HIYG>86K:G>;>8DJH:6D8DGGWC8>69:JB68>9:CI:9:K>9D6JB66K6G>6C6E6GI:

6I>K6CJB9:HI:HIG6CH;DGB69DG:H(DHI:G>DGB:CI::HI69>HH:GI6UTD67DG96GQDD7?:I>KDEG>C8>E6A6 DI>B>O6UTD9::HIG6IV<>6H9:B6CJI:CUTD6IG6KVH9:JB6;:GG6B:CI686E6O9:9>6<CDHI>86GH>CIDB6H FJ:>C9>86B6EDHHXK:AD8DGGWC8>69:6K6G>6H:BIG6CH;DGB69DG:HE:A66EA>86UTD9DBVID9D76H:69D C6 BDC>IDG>O6UTD 96 ,G6CH;DGB696 DBEA:M6 HE68>6A .:IDG 9: (6G@ 96 8DGG:CI: :AVIG>86 9D EG>BQG>D:9DH:8JC9QG>D9DIG6CH;DGB69DG

:HI6;DGB6K>H6;DGC:8:GH:D8DC=:8>B:CIDI:YG>8D:HH:C8>6AE6G66EA>86UTD9:JB6B:ID9DAD<>6 86E6O9:9>6<CDHI>86GH>CIDB6H8DB6CI:8:9WC8>69:D8DGGWC8>69:6K6G>6H:BIG6CH;DGB69DG:H9:

EDIWC8>6

HI:IG676A=DEDHHJ>8DCIG>7J>UZ:HH><C>;>86I>K6HE6G66>C9[HIG>6?JHI>;>86C9DH:E:A6HH:<J>CI:H 67G6C<WC8>6H

• &69:I:UTD9:;6A=6HCDH:FJ>E6B:CIDH6>C96:BH>IJ6UTD>C8>E>:CI:

• &6G:9JUTD9:<6HIDH8DBB6CJI:CUZ:H8DGG:I>K6H6D:K>I6G>CI:GK:CUZ:HCTDEGD<G6B696H :EGDE>8>6G6UZ:HEG:K:CI>K6H

• &6 9>B>CJ>UTD 9D C[B:GD 9: >CI:GGJEUZ:H 9: H:GK>UD EDG ;6A=6H : DJ 9:;:>IDH :B IG6CH;DGB69DG:H9:EDIWC8>6

• &6B:A=DG>69:9:H:BE:C=D9DH>HI:B6:AVIG>8D:B<:G6A

1.3. Organização da dissertação

HI69>HH:GI6UTD6HH:CI6C6DI>B>O6UTD9:EA6CDH9:B6CJI:CUTD6CI><DH8DBD>CIJ>ID9:6EA>86G 6D+>HI:B6HEA>86I>KDH:(GD9JIDHE6G6(GD8:HH6B:CID9:69DH+(I6G:;6HC:8:HHQG>6HE6G6 JB6 B6CJI:CUTD B6>H :;>8>:CI: DCH:FJ:CI:B:CI: B:HBD FJ: CTD H:?6 E6GI: >CI:<G6CI: 9D D7?:I>KD>C>8>6A;DG6B8DGG><>9DH6A<JCH:GGDHC6HH6A6H:AVIG>86H9:;DGB666IJ6A>O6G6QGKDG:9DH AD86>H9:>CHI6A6UTD9D+(

(23)

:H:<J>966EG:H:CI6H:G:HJB>96B:CI:6:HIGJIJG69DG:A6IYG>D

&D H:<JC9D 86EXIJAD V ;:>I6 JB6 67DG96<:B HD7G: 6 ;Q7G>86 : 8DCI:MIJ6A>O696 6 :KDAJUTD 96

>C9[HIG>68>B:CI:>G66IV6DH9>6H9:=D?:8DB69:H8G>UTDEDGB:CDG>O6969DEGD8:HHD9:EGD9JUTD 9:8>B:CID

&D86EXIJAD:KDAJUTD96B6CJI:CUTD>CIGD9JOH:DEGD8:HHD9:B6CJI:CUTD:6HJ6:KDAJUTD6D ADC<D 9D I:BED : 9:;>C:H: DH 8DC8:>IDH 6HHD8>69DH R B6CJI:CUTD 8DB 6JMXA>D 96H CDGB6H :JGDE:>6H

&DFJ6GID86EXIJAD6K:G><J6BH:6HEG>C8>E6>H86JH6H96H6K6G>6HFJ:D8DGG:BCDHIG6CH;DGB69DG:H : HTD 6EG:H:CI696H 6H B:ID9DAD<>6H G:A:K6CI:H E6G6 6 EG:K>HTD 9: EGD7A:B6H 8DB D D7?:I>KD 9:

<6G6CI>GJB6B6CJI:CUTD69:FJ6969DIG6CH;DGB69DG9:EDIWC8>6

&DFJ>CID86EXIJADV;:>I6JB67G:K:8A6G>;>86UTDHD7G:DBD9D9:;JC8>DC6B:CID96B6CJI:CUTD CD :CIGD 9: (GD9JUTD 9: +DJH:A6H : 6EG:H:CI6H: : 8A6G>;>86H: 6H K6CI6<:CH 96 JI>A>O6UTD 9:

9:I:GB>C69DBVID9D9:9>6<CYHI>8DC:HI:I>ED9:>C9[HIG>6

(DG[AI>BD6EG:H:CI6H:6HEG>C8>E6>H 8DC8AJHZ:HD7I>96H8DB6G:6A>O6UTD9:HI69>HH:GI6UTDDH 9:H:CKDAK>B:CIDHCDHEA6CDH9:B6CJI:CUTDEGDEDHIDHFJ:EDHH6BK>G6H:G:;:IJ69DH:6EGDEDHI6 8DB6K>HI66IG676A=DH;JIJGDH

(24)

(25)

2.A INDUSTRIA CIMENTEIRA

2.1. Introdução

&:HI: 86EXIJAD EG:I:C9:H: ;6O:G JB :CFJ69G6B:CID 96 >C9[HIG>6 8>B:CI:>G6 :B (DGIJ<6A : CD

%JC9D9:BD9D6B:A=DG:AJ8>96GHD7G:DI:B6969>HH:GI6UTD:6HJ66EA>867>A>969:C:HI:I>ED9:

>C9[HIG>6

'8>B:CIDD7I>9D6IG6KVH96HB6IVG>6HEG>B6HFJ:6C6IJG:O69>HEDC>7>A>O6B6G86B6:G66IJ6AI6A 8DBD6E:9G6:D;:GGDB6G86G6BDJIGDG6'86A8QG>DEGDK:C>:CI:96:MEADG6UTD9:E:9G:>G6HV6 EG>C8>E6AB6IVG>6EG>B69D8>B:CID

:68DG9D8DB6&DGB6(DGIJ<J:H6&(&O-1)283E910-+%28),-(6@90-'3-783E 911%8)6-%0-236+B2-'3-2%1)28)13G(359)59%2(31-7896%(3'31@+9%361%91%4%78%59) )2(96)') ():-(3 % 6)%DJ)7 ) 463')7737 () ,-(6%8%DC3 ()43-7 () )2(96)'-(3 '327)6:% % 79%

6)7-78F2'-%1)'B2-'%))78%&-0-(%()1)713()&%-<3()@+9%P

DBDJB696HEG>C8>E6>H6I>K>969:H:8DCYB>86H:B(DGIJ<6A6:KDAJUTD96>C9[HIG>68>B:CI:>G6 9:E:C9:6>C969D9>C6B>HBD:8DCYB>8D9DE6XH:9DH:8IDG968DCHIGJUTD8>K>AHI6>C9[HIG>6I:B 68DBE6C=69D6:KDAJUTD9DB:G869D>CI:GCD>C8AJH>K:CDH6AIDH:76>MDH96:8DCDB>6C68>DC6A 8DBDE>8D968DCHIGJUTDB6G869DE:A6JG76C>O6UTDFJ:H:K:G>;>8DJ6FJ6C9D9D8G:H8>B:CID96 8DCHIGJUTD8>K>A:9DEG:K>HXK:A6JB:CID9D8DCHJBD9:8>B:CID:CIG:69V86969::>CX8>D9DH 6CDH

EGD9JUTD 9: 8>B:CID G:HJB:H: 6IJ6AB:CI: R :MEDGI6UTD 9:K>9D EG>C8>E6AB:CI: R 8G>H:

>CHI6A696:B(DGIJ<6A23

2.2. Indústria cimenteira em Portugal [1, 2]

BDE:GDJE:A6EG>B:>G6K:O:BA8SCI6G66EG>B:>G6;Q7G>869:EGD9JUTD9:8>B:CID:B

(DGIJ<6A8DBG:8JGHDRE:9G6G6H868DBDB6IVG>6EG>B6:K>9DR;G686FJ6A>969:9D8>B:CID:HI6

6867DJ:C8:GG696EG:B6IJG6B:CI:I6A8DBD6H9J6H;Q7G>86HFJ:H:H:<J>G6B

(26)

EG>B:>G6;Q7G>86E6G66EGD9JUTD9:8>B:CIDI>ED(DGIA6C96GI>;>8>6AHJG<::B:BA=6C9G6 6EYH68G>6UTD96DBE6C=>69:>B:CIDH9:(DGIJ<6A:HI6>C>8>66HJ6EGD9JUTD8DB6;Q7G>86:B 'JITD:B

"Q:BHTD8DCHI>IJX96H6>CDGI::6>HJAG:HEDCHQK:AE:A6>CHI6A6UTD9:JB6JC>969:;67G>A :B+DJH:A6H::B$DJAVG:HE:I>K6B:CI:

&6H:FJWC8>69D9:7G>A:B9QH:6C68>DC6A>O6UTD9:9>K:GH6H:BEG:H6H:CIG::A6H6H 96 >C9[HIG>6 8>B:CI:>G6 8DBD 6 >7G6 >B:CIDH 9: $:>G>6 >CDGI: ,:?D : 67D %DC9:<D DG><>C6C9D6HH>B:B6>BEDG>B:CIDH9:(DGIJ<6A+(++

CDH9:ED>H:B::B8DC8DG9SC8>68DBJBEA6CD9:EG>K6I>O6UTD96>C9[HIG>68>B:CI:>G6 E:AD<DK:GCDEDGIJ<JWHHJG<:6%(>B:CIDH%68:>G6:(6I6>6H8DCHI>IJX96E:A6H;Q7G>86H96

%68:>G6:>7G6<GJED:HI:FJ:K>G>66H:G69FJ>G>9D9D>H6CDH9:ED>HE:A6+:8>AI6B7VB6<DG6 JB6:BEG:H69:86E>I6A>CI:>G6B:CI:EG>K69D

IJ6AB:CI: :HI:H HTD DH 9D>H <G6C9:H <GJEDH 8>B:CI:>GDH 6 DE:G6G :B (DGIJ<6A IDI6A>O6C9D

;Q7G>86H

2.3. Cimpor – Cimentos de Portugal [1]

>BEDG >B:CIDH 9: (DGIJ<6A +(+ + E:GI:C8:CI: 6D <GJED '1# :B:CI AX9:G CD B:G869DIJG8D8DBH:9::BC86G68DCI6C9D8DB;Q7G>86H>CI:<G696H9:8>B:CIDIGWHBD6<:CH 8DB86E68>969:6CJ6A9:EGD9JUTD9:B>A=Z:H9:IDC:A696HEDG6CD8:CIG6>H9:7:ITD:JB6

;Q7G>869:H68DH9:E6E:A'<GJED'1#:HI:C9:H:9D8>B:CID:7:ITDRB>C:G6UTDB:I6AJG<>6 6JIDBYK:A:C:G<>6:FJXB>866AVB9:H:GK>UDH;>C6C8:>GDH:AD<XHI>8DH::BEG:<68:G869:B>A E:HHD6H:BE6XH:H

6HQG:6H9:C:<Y8>D96>BEDG6EGD9JUTD9>HIG>7J>UTD:8DB:G8>6A>O6UTD9:8>B:CID8DCHI>IJ:B DC[8A:DEG>C8>E6A96HJ66I>K>969::B7DG6I6B7VBEGD9JO6:8DB:G8>6A>O:7:IZ:H6<G:<69DH86A

=>9GQJA>86:6G<6B6HH6H9:HI686C9DH:8DBDJB9DHB6>DG:H<GJEDH8>B:CI:>GDH6CXK:ABJC9>6A :AX9:GCDB:G869DC68>DC6A

B(DGIJ<6A6>BEDG9:IVBIGWH<G6C9:H8:CIGDH9:EGD9JUTD7:B8DBDJB6:MI:CH6G:9:9:

:CIG:EDHIDH 9: 9>HIG>7J>UTD :HE6A=69DH E:AD I:GG>IYG>D 8DCI>C:CI6A : JB 8:CIGD 9: BD6<:B CDH

UDG:H'H8:CIGDH9:EGD9JUTD9:HI>C6BH::HH:C8>6AB:CI:REGD9JUTD:9>HIG>7J>UTD9:8>B:CID

:HI6C9DH>IJ69DHG:HE:I>K6B:CI::B+DJH:A6HD>B7G6A=6C9G6.>A6G6C869:0>G6:$DJAV

(27)

EGD9JO>C9D 8:G86 9: %IDC 6CD 96H %IDC 6CD >CHI6A696H 9:HI>C696H :HH:C8>6AB:CI: R :MEDGI6UTD

2.4. Centro de Produção de Souselas [1]

':CIGD9:(GD9JUTD9:+DJH:A6H(+>CI:<G6JB696HIGWHJC>969:H9:EGD9JUTD96>BEDG:B (DGIJ<6A+JG<>JCD>CX8>D969V86969:6IG6KVH96>CDGI::BEG:H6:HI6G:8VB;DGB696FJ:

K>G>66H:G67HDGK>96E:A6>BEDGCDH6CDHH:<J>CI:H><JG6

/-:7' /2547+3974*+74*:@?4*+4:8+1'8

HI68DB:UDJ6DE:G6G8DB9J6HA>C=6H9:EGD9JUTD>9WCI>86H:B:G:HE:I>K6B:CI:

:K>9DRC:8:HH>969:9:6JB:CI6G686E68>969:>CHI6A696:BK>G>666GG6C86GJB6I:G8:>G6 A>C=68DBJB6B:A=DGI:8CDAD<>6:B6>DG86E68>969:9:EGD9JUTDFJ6C9D8DBE6G696RHG:HI6CI:H IDI6A>O6C9D JB6 86E68>969: 9: EGD9JUTD >CHI6A696 HJE:G>DG 6 %IDC 6CD : FJ6IGD BD6<:CH 9:

8AXCFJ:G8DBJB686E68>969:9:EGD9JUTD>CHI6A6969:%IDC 6CD

IJ6AB:CI::B7DG6D8AXCFJ:GEDHH6I6B7VBH:G:ME:9>9D8DBDEGD9JID;>C6AD(+I:B8DBD EG>C8>E6A6I>K>969:6EGD9JUTD::ME:9>UTD9:I>EDH9:8>B:CID9>HI>CIDH67G6C<>9DH:8:GI>;>869DH H:<JC9D6CDGB6&H:C9D:HI:H

%!*

%!! $*

%!! $&

(28)

"JCI6B:CI:8DBD:CIGD9:(GD9JUTD9:$DJAVD(+;D>JB696HEG>B:>G6H;Q7G>86H9DE6XH6 EGD9JO>G 8>B:CID E:AD EGD8:HHD 96 _K>6 H:86` : 6 EG>B:>G6 6 JI>A>O6G 6 IV8C>86 96 EGV

=DBD<:C:>O6UTDC6EG:E6G6UTD96HB6IVG>6HEG>B6H9:HI686C9DH:6HH>B8DBDJB696HEG>C8>E6>H

;Q7G>86H 96 >BEDG 9:H9: DH H:JH EG>BYG9>DH H:GK>C9D 8DBD G:;:GWC8>6 E6G6 BJ>I6H DJIG6H FJ:

K>G>6B6H:G8DCHIGJX96H:CIG:I6CID

Processo de produção [3]

FJ6A>969:9D8>B:CID9:E:C9:CTDHY96B6IVG>6EG>B68DBDI6B7VB9DEGD8:HHD9:;67G>86UTD :9D:FJ>E6B:CIDC:A:JI>A>O69D:EDGI6AVJBEGD8:HHD8DBEA:MD9>HIG>7JX9DEDG:I6E6HFJ:KTD 9:H9:6IG6CH;DGB6UTD9:B6IVG>6HEG>B6H6IVRD7I:CUTD9DEGD9JID;>C6A

'EGD8:HHD9:;67G>8D9:8>B:CIDCD(+V:BID9DH:B:A=6CI:6DEG:H:CI:CDJIG6H8>B:CI:>G6H CD :CI6CID :HI: I:B 8DBD EG>C8>E6A E6GI>8JA6G>969: D ;68ID 96 :MIG6UTD 96H B6IVG>6HEG>B6H GD8=DH6HH:GG:6A>O696C6EGYEG>6JC>969:;67G>AFJ:HY VEDHHXK:A9:K>9DR BDG;DAD<>69DI:GG:CD 8>G8JC96CI:HH>BD(+68676EDG:M:8JI6GDEGD8:HHD9:;67G>8D8DBEA:ID67G6C<:C9DID96H 6H:I6E6HG:HEDCHQK:>HE:A6IG6CH;DGB6UTD9D86A8QG>D:9DHG:HI6CI:H8DBEDHIDH:B8>B:CID23 :;DGB6G:HJB>96ED9:D7H:GK6GH:C6><JG6DEGD8:HHD9:EGD9JUTD9:8>B:CIDJH69DCD(+

/-:7'86:+2'*+:2'1/3.'*+574*:@?4*+)/2+394 %&

'EGD8:HHDEGD9JI>KD9:8>B:CIDED9:H:G9>K>9>9D:B8>C8D:I6E6HEG>C8>E6>H 9:H:<J>96H:GQ

6EG:H:CI69D6IG6KVH9:IYE>8DHID9DDEGD8:HHD9:EGD9JUTD9D8>B:CIDFJ:I6A8DBDB:C8>DC69D

8D>C8>9:8DB6FJ:A::M:8JI69DCD(+

(29)

2.4.1.1. Extração de matérias-primas

HB6IVG>6HEG>B6H86A8QG>DHB6G<6H:I8HTD:MIG6X96H6IG6KVH9:9:HBDCI:BVID9DFJ:8DCH>HI:

:B;G6<B:CI6GDB68>UD:B:MEADG6UTD8DBD6JMXA>D6:MEADH>KDH96E:9G:>G6'HB6I:G>6>HHTD 9:H<G:<69DH:EDHI:G>DGB:CI:IG6CHEDGI69DH:B(914)67

6IVR7G>I6<:B23

2.4.1.2. Britagem, Pré- homogeneização e Moagem de cru

FJ:A6HB6IVG>6HEG>B6H8DB6:K:CIJ6A69>UTD9:8DGG:I>KDH6G:>6H8>CO6H9:E>G>I:86A8QG>DH9:

6AIDI:DG:I8HTDH>BJAI6C:6B:CI:H:86H:BDX96H6IVRD7I:CUTD9:JBEYBJ>ID;>CD8GJDJ

;6G>C=6FJ:V9:ED>H6GB6O:C69D:=DBD<:C:>O69D

2.4.1.3. Moagem de carvão

+TDKQG>DHDH8DB7JHIXK:>HJI>A>O69DHC6>C9[HIG>68>B:CI:>G6B6HDHB6>H8DBJCHHTDD86GKTD:

D8DFJ:9:E:IGYA:D)J6AFJ:G9:HI:H8DB7JHIXK:>HC:8:HH>I69:JB6BD6<:BEG:A>B>C6G9:BD9D 6E:GB>I>G6HJ6>C?:UTD:><C>UTDCD>CI:G>DG9D;DGCD6HH:<JG6C9D:DI>B>O6C9DDE:G;>AIVGB>8D

2.4.1.4. Cozedura

-BIG6I6B:CIDIVGB>8D69:FJ69DIG6CH;DGB66;6G>C=6CJBEGD9JID>CI:GBV9>DD8AXCFJ:GCD FJ6A?QVEDHHXK:A:C8DCIG6GDH8DCHI>IJ>CI:HB>C:G6AY<>8DH9D8>B:CID;6G>C=6H6X969DHH>ADH9:

=DBD<:C:>O6UTD:CIG6CJBE:GBJI69DG9:86ADGIDGG:9:8>8ADC:H:B8DCIG68DGG:CI:8DBDH<6H:H FJ:CI:HEGDK:C>:CI:H9D;DGCD>C>8>6C9DH:DEGD8:HHD9:9:H86G7DC6I6UTD6IG6KVH96FJ:>B69:

86GKTDDJ9DH8DB7JHIXK:>H9:G>K69DH9:G:HX9JDH*aH:H:<J>96CD;DGCD8>AXC9G>8DGDI6I>KD IJ7D A><:>G6B:CI: >C8A>C69D E6G6 ;68>A>I6G D 9:HA>O6B:CID 96 ;6G>C=6 CD H:J >CI:G>DG DC9: 6 I:BE:G6IJG6 6I>C<: K6ADG:H HJE:G>DG:H 6 ^ D8DGG: 6 8DO:9JG6 8AXCFJ:G>O6UTD 96 ;6G>C=6 96C9DDG><:B6D8AXCFJ:GHI:V:CITD6GG:;:8>9D7GJH86B:CI:E6G6:HI67>A>O6UTD96HJ6:HIGJIJG6 : G:8JE:G6UTD E6G8>6A 96 :C:G<>6 IVGB>86 D H6>G 9D ;DGCD :HI: V 6GG:;:8>9D 7GJH86B:CI: CJB 6GG:;:8:9DG9:<G:A=6HH:C9DEDHI:G>DGB:CI:6GB6O:C69DCDH6GB6OVCHDJH>ADH9:8AXCFJ:G'H

<6H:H FJ:CI:H FJ: H6:B 96 IDGG: 9: 8>8ADC:H HTD 9:HED:>G69DH 6CI:H 9: H:G:B G::CK>69DH R 6IBDH;:G6

2.4.1.5. Moagem de cimento

'8AXCFJ:GVIG6CHEDGI69DE6G6DHBD>C=DH9:8>B:CIDE6G6FJ:;>C6AB:CI:H:D7I:C=6D8>B:CID DCIJ9D 6 H>BEA:H BD6<:B 9D 8AXCFJ:G EJGD G:HJAI6CI: 96 8DO:9JG6 DG><>C6 JB 8>B:CID :MIG:B6B:CI:>CHIQK:AED9:C9D:C9JG:8:GAD<D6EYH68DB7>C6UTD8DBQ<J6DJ6IVH>BEA:HB:CI:

8DB D 8DCI68ID 9D 6G : ;DGB6 6 :K>I6G :HI6H H>IJ6UZ:H : 8DBD JB6 96H EGDEG>:969:H B6>H

.:X8JAD9:<G6C9:H9>B:CHZ:H8DB86E68>969:H9:86GG:<6B:CID:CIG:6IDC:A696H

(30)

>BEDGI6CI:H9D8>B:CIDV6B6C:67>A>969:D8AXCFJ:GVIG6CHEDGI69DE6G66HIG:BDC=6H96HBD6<:CH 9:8>B:CIDDC9:H:9Q6HJ6?JCUTD8DB8:GIDH8DBEDC:CI:H8DBDD<:HHD:DJIGDH:K:CIJ6>H 69>I>KDH*-00)686A8QG>D8>CO6HKDA6CI:H:H8YG>6HH>9:G[G<>86H:I88DCI:C9DIG>YM>9D9::CMD;G:

+'i

HI:H8DBEDC:CI:H<6G6CI:B6D8>B:CID6HEGDEG>:969:HG:FJ:G>96HE6G6JB67D6FJ6A>969:9D B:HBD

EYH 9DH:69D C6H EGDEDGUZ:H G:FJ:G>96H 8DC;DGB: DI>ED 9: 8>B:CID EG:I:C9>9D D 8AXCFJ:G ?Q B>HIJG69D 8DB DH G:HI6CI:H B6I:G>6>H V >CIGD9JO>9D CJB BD>C=D DC9: H: 9Q 6 BD6<:B : 8DCH:FJ:CI: DG><:B 9D 8>B:CID 'H B6I:G>6>H HTD BDX9DH :B KDAJB:IG>6HEGV:HI67:A:8>96H :B 8DC8DG9SC8>68DBDEA6CD9:FJ6A>969::9:;DGB66H6I>H;6O:G6HCDGB6H:HE:8X;>86H:BK><DG' 6GB6O:C6B:CID9D8>B:CIDV9:H:<J>96:;:IJ69DCJB9DHH>ADHEG:H:CI:HC6JC>969:;67G>ADC9:

E:GB6C:8:6IV6DBDB:CID96HJ6:CH686<:B::ME:9>UTD 2.4.1.6. Ensacagem e expedição

&D(+:M>HI:B9J6H;DGB6H9:8DB:G8>6A>O6GDEGD9JIDHD76;DGB69:8AXCFJ:GFJ:VK:C9>9D6

<G6C:A:9:8>B:CIDFJ:G:EG:H:CI66B6>DGE6GI:96HK:C96HHI:ED9:H:G:CH6869D:BJC>969:H 9:DJ@<::ME:9>9D:BE6A:I:HCDGB6AB:CI:6IG6KVH96K>6;VGG:6EG:H:CI:C6JC>969:

;67G>A ' 8>B:CID ED9: 6>C96 H:G :ME:9>9D 6 <G6C:A FJ: 8DCH>HI: CD :C8=>B:CID 9DH 86B>Z:H 8>HI:GC6DJK6<Z:H8>HI:GC66E6GI>G9>G:I6B:CI:9DHH>ADH

2.4.1.7. Controlo de qualidade

'8DCIGDAD9DEGD8:HHD9:FJ6A>969:B:HBDFJ:CTD;6U6E6GI:9D9>6<G6B69:;67G>8DVJB6 I6G:;6 >BEAX8>I6 : :M:8JI696 6D ADC<D 9: ID96H 6H :I6E6H 96 EGD9JUTD 9: 8>B:CID B:9>6CI: 6 JI>A>O6UTD9::FJ>E6B:CIDH:EGD8:HHDH9:8DCIGDAD6AI6B:CI:HD;>HI>869DHFJ:A=:HE:GB>I:6E6GI>G 9DA67DG6IYG>D:96HH6A6H9:8DB6C9DEG:H:CI:HC6H>CHI6A6UZ:H9D(+8DDG9:C6G:8DCIGDA6GID9DH DH ID9DH DH :FJ>E6B:CIDH EGD9JI>KDH <6G6CI>C9D 6 D7H:GK6UTD 9DH A>B>I:H 9: H:<JG6CU6 : 6H :HE:8>;>86UZ:H9DHEGD9JIDH>CI:GBV9>DH:;>C6>HHI:VJBEGD8:HHD:MIG:B6B:CI:>BEDGI6CI:E6G6 6 FJ6A>969: 9D EGD9JID JB6 K:O FJ: 9:;>C: DH A>B>I:H 9: H:<JG6CU6 : 6H 86G68I:GXHI>86H 9:HI:H EGD9JIDH(DGHJ6K:O8DBD?QG:;:G>9D:HI:8DCIGDAD:HI:C9:H:RHB6>HK6G>696H:I6E6H9DEGD8:HHD 9:;67G>8D9:I6ABD9DFJ:6H6UZ:H8DGG:I>K6HED9:B:9:K:BH:BEG:FJ:EDHHXK:AH:G:;:IJ696H 6CI:HFJ:6HG:HI6CI:H;6H:H9DEGD8:HHD: DJEGD9JIDHH:?6B6;:I696H

(31)

2.5. Conclusão

DADC<D9DEG:H:CI:86EXIJAD;DG6B6EG:H:CI696H9:;DGB6HJ8>CI66H86G68I:GXHI>86H96>C9[HIG>6 8>B:CI:>G68DBD6HJ6=>HIYG>6DSB7>ID:BFJ::HI6H:>CH:G::B(DGIJ<6A:DEGD8:HHD9:;67G>8D 6HHD8>69DD>6IG>7JX9DJB:HE:8>6A9:HI6FJ:6D<GJED>BEDGB6>HEGDEG>6B:CI:6D(+JB6 K:OFJ:D:HIQ<>D8JGG>8JA6GG:;:G:CI:6DEG:H:CI:G:A6IYG>DH:G:6A>ODJCDH:>D96:BEG:H6

HH>BH:C9DIDGC6H:>BEDGI6CI:G:;:G>G:HI:H9:I6A=:H8DBD;DGB69:6B7>:CI6G:H:GK>G8DBD 76H:E6G6D9:H:CKDAK>B:CID9DIG676A=DEGDEDHIDFJ:K6>9:H9:D8DC=:8>B:CID96:HIGJIJG69:

B6CJI:CUTD : 96 >C;AJWC8>6 9DH H:JH BVID9DH E6HH6C9D E:AD ;JC8>DC6B:CID : DI>B>O6UTD 9DH EA6CDH9:B6CJI:CUTD9DHIG6CH;DGB69DG:H9:EDIWC8>69D(+

(32)

(33)

3.A EVOLUÇÃO DA MANUTENÇÃO

3.1. Introdução

&DB:>D8DBE:I>I>KDFJ:H:K>K:CDH9>6H9:=D?:JB9DHG:FJ>H>IDHE6G66HJHI:CI67>A>969:9:JB C:<Y8>DV686E68>969:9:86E>I6A>O6G;68:6FJ6AFJ:G8>G8JCHISC8>6%6CJI:CUTDVJB8DC8:>ID BJ>I6HK:O:H6HHD8>69D6JB8DC?JCID9:BVID9DH::HIG6IV<>6H8DB6>CI:CUTD9:G:CI67>A>O6G6D BQM>BD 6 K:GI:CI: :8DCYB>86 9: JB 9:I:GB>C69D EGD?:ID M>HI:B KQG>DH H><C>;>869DH E6G6 D 8DC8:>ID9:B6CJI:CUTDID9DH:A:HIWBHJ7:CI:C9>9DFJ:6;JCUTD96B6CJI:CUTDV6<6G6CI>696 9>HEDC>7>A>969: 9DH :FJ>E6B:CIDH 9: EGD9JUTD 6IG6KVH 96 6K6A>6UTD 96H >BE:G;:>UZ:H CD E6IG>BYC>DI:8CDAY<>8D>CK:HI>9D'JH:?66B6CJI:CUTDED9:H:G:CI:C9>968DBDJB66I>K>969:

G:6A>O696HD7G:JBH>HI:B6G:E6GQK:A9:;DGB66<6G6CI>GFJ:DB:HBD:M:GU68DGG:I6B:CI:6HHJ6H

;JCUZ:H: DJ6BEA>:86G68I:GXHI>86H;JC96B:CI6>H8DBD6FJ6A>969:9>HEDC>7>A>969:;>67>A>969::

H:<JG6CU6

&DGB6 (DGIJ<J:H6 9:;>C: B6CJI:CUTD 8DBD O31&-2%DC3 () 83(%7 %7 %DJ)7 8E'2-'%7%(1-2-786%8-:%7)()+)78C3(96%28)3'-'03():-(%()91&)1()78-2%(%7%1%28F0339

%6)4I03291)78%(3)159)4377%()7)14)2,%6%92DC36)59)6-(%P*

3.2. Função da manutenção [4]

;JCUTD96B6CJI:CUTDV<6G6CI>G69>HEDC>7>A>969:96;JCUTD9DH:FJ>E6B:CIDH:>CHI6A6UZ:H6

;>B9:6I:C9:G6JBEGD8:HHD9:EGD9JUTDDJH:GK>UD8DBDC;>67>A>969:+:<JG6CU6(G:H:GK6UTD 9DB:>D6B7>:CI::JHID69:FJ69DHH>B6B6CJI:CUTDI:B8DBDD7?:I>KDH;JC96B:CI6>H6 DI>B>O6UTD9:8JHIDH6B:A=DG>6C6FJ6A>969:9DH7:CHEGD9JO>9DHD6JB:CID969>HEDC>7>A>969:

96HBQFJ>C6H:8DCH:FJ:CI:B:CI:D6JB:CID96EGD9JUTD6G:9JUTD9DH:;:>IDHCD8>KDHE6G6D B:>D6B7>:CI:D6JB:CID96K>96[I>A9DH:FJ>E6B:CIDH:D6JB:CID96H:<JG6CU6

&D :CI6CID DH D7?:I>KDH 96 B6CJI:CUTD K6G>6B 8DCHD6CI: D :FJ>E6B:CID : 6 ;JCUTD FJ: 9:K:

9:H:BE:C=6G:EDGI6A6H6I>K>969:HED9:BH:G9>HI>C<J>96HE:A6HJ6;JCUTDEG>BQG>6:H:8JC9QG>6

(34)

H ;JCUZ:H EG>BQG>6H HTD G:6A>O696H E:AD H:GK>UD 9: 8DCH:GK6UTD : 67G6C<:B I6G:;6H 8DBD 6 E6GI>8>E6UTD C6 8DC8:EUTD 8DCHIGJUTD >CHI6A6UTD 9: CDKDH :FJ>E6B:CIDH >CHE:UTD A>BE:O6 : AJ7G>;>86UTD E6G6 6AVB 96 EG:E6G6UTD 9DH EA6CDH 96 B6CJI:CUTD 6CQA>H: 9: 8JHIDH : G:<>HID 9:

=>HIYG>8D9DH:FJ>E6B:CIDH>C;G6:HIGJIJG6HI:GG:CDH

H ;JCUZ:H H:8JC9QG>6H HTD 6 <:HITD 9: 6GB6O:C6B:CID 9: E:U6H 6 EGDI:UTD : H:<JG6CU6 96H

>CHI6A6UZ:H6:A>B>C6UTD96H;DCI:H9:EDAJ>UTD6=><>:C::H:<JG6CU6CDIG676A=D:CIG:DJIG6H HI6H HJG<:B EDG G6OZ:H 9: 8DCK:C>WC8>6 : 9: 8:9WC8>6 9: I6G:;6H 9: B:CDG G:A:KSC8>6 B6H V

>BEDGI6CI:CTD6I:CJ6G6>BEDGISC8>696H;JCUZ:HEG>BQG>6H:B9:IG>B:CID9:HI6H

3.3. Plano de manutenção

O32.9283 )7869896%(3 () 8%6)%7 59) '3146))2()1 %7 %8-:-(%()7 37 463')(-1)2837 37* 6)'96737)%(96%DC32)')77@6-374%6%)<)'98%6%1%298)2DC3P23

&DSB7>ID96B6CJI:CUTDEG:K:CI>K6H:<J:BH:EGD<G6B6H9:GDI>C6E6G6E:G8:7:GD:HI69D9DH :FJ>E6B:CIDH8DBD>CIJ>ID9:B:A=DG6G6FJ6A>969::D8DCIGDAD96HEGQI>86H96B6CJI:CUTD C:8:HH>969: 9: EGD<G6B6G : DG<6C>O6G 8DB 6CI:8:9WC8>6 6 B6CJI:CUTD 6 6EA>86G 6 8696 :FJ>E6B:CIDA:K6RG:6A>O6UTD9:EA6CDH9:B6CJI:CUTD8DCHI>IJX9DHEDGJB8DC?JCID9:I6G:;6H

;>M6H HI6H 6UZ:H 9:H8G>I6H CD EA6CD 9:K:B G:HE:>I6G JB6 8:GI6 E:G>D9>8>969: 9:E:C9:C9D 96 9>HEDC>7>A>969::968G>I>8>969:CD9:H:BE:C=D96HHJ6H;JCUZ:HHH>BH:C9D867:R:FJ>E69:

B6CJI:CUTDD8DC=:8>B:CID:M6JHI>KD96BQFJ>C69:;DGB66:A67DG6GDEA6CDB6>H69:FJ69D EDHHXK:AFJ:<6G6CI66:;>8Q8>696HI6G:;6H:M:8JI696H

'HEA6CDH9:B6CJI:CUTDED9:B6>C968DCI:G>C;DGB6UZ:HFJ:B:A=DGD8DBEA:B:CI:BI6>H8DBD 6H 86G68I:GXHI>86H 96 BQFJ>C6 D H:J AD86A 9: >CHI6A6UTD 6 :FJ>E6 G:HEDCHQK:A E:A6H ;JCUZ:H DH G:8JGHDH=JB6CDHC:8:HHQG>DH:I8

&TD:M>HI:JBBD9:AD:M6IDCDFJ:9>OG:HE:>IDR:A67DG6UTD9:JBEA6CD9:B6CJI:CUTDB6H:HI:

9:K:8DCI:G6H>C;DGB6UZ:HC:8:HHQG>6H::MEDHI6H9:;DGB68A6G6E6G6FJ:CTDA:K6CI:9[K>96HR :FJ>E6G:HEDCHQK:AE:A6HJ6:M:8JUTD

(35)

3.4. Tipos da manutenção

JG6CI:6:KDAJUTD9DHEGD8:HHDHEGD9JI>KDH:96I:8CDAD<>6HJG<>G6BK6G>6CI:HC6B6CJI:CUTD HI6H ED9:B 6<GJE6GH: :B 9>;:G:CI:H 86I:<DG>6H 8DC;DGB: 6H HJ6H 86G68I:GXHI>86H :B7DG6 JB6 9:I:GB>C696DG<6C>O6UTDCTDH:EDHH68>C<>G:M8AJH>K6B:CI:6JB69:A6H:EDGI6A9:K:EGD8JG6G JB6E6GI>8>E6UTD8DC?JCI696HB:HB6H8DBDD7?:I>KD9:6A86CU6GD:FJ>AX7G>D

(G>B:>G6B:CI: 6H K6G>6CI:H 96 B6CJI:CUTD ED9:B 9>K>9>GH: :B EA6C:696 DJ H:?6 E:GB>I: D EA6C:6B:CID 96H 6UZ:H 9: >CI:GK:CUTD E6G6 D BDB:CID DEDGIJCD : :B CTD EA6C:696 86HD DH 9:;:>IDH D8DGG6B 9: ;DGB6 >BEG:K>HI6 : H:<J>96 9:HI686BH: :HH:C8>6AB:CI: 9D>H I>EDH 6 B6CJI:CUTDEG:K:CI>K6:B6CJI:CUTD8DGG:I>K6

,TD>BEDGI6CI:8DBD8DC=:8:G6QGKDG::HIGJIJG6AFJ:ED9:BDHK>HJ6A>O6GCD'G<6CD<G6B696H 9>;:G:CI:H K:GI:CI:H 96 B6CJI:CUTD V I6B7VB H67:G :B FJ: 8696 JB6 9:A6H 8DCH>HI: : FJ6C9D 6EA>8696H'HH:<J>CI:HEDCIDHH>CI:I>O6B8696JB9:HI:HI>EDH

Manutenção Corretiva

O?%1%298)2DC3))89%(%()43-7(%()8)DC3()91%%:%6-%)()78-2%(%%6)4363&)1291)78%(3* 59)4377%6)%0->%691%92DC36)59)6-(%P23*

B6CJI:CUTD8DGG:I>K6V9:;>C>968DBDH:C9D6B6CJI:CUTDG:6A>O6966EYH9:I:UTD9:JB66K6G>6 DJ 9: JB :HI69D 9: 9:<G696UTD :A:K69D : 9:HI>C696 6 G:EDG 9:I:GB>C69D :FJ>E6B:CID CJB6 8DC9>UTD:BFJ:EDHH6:M:8JI6G:BEA:CD6H;JCUZ:HG:FJ:G>96H8DBJBG:C9>B:CID8DCK:C>:CI:

DBDVEDHHXK:AD7H:GK6GCD'G<6CD<G6B66B6CJI:CUTD8DGG:I>K6ED9:H:G9>K>9>96:B9J6H 8A6HH:HEA6C:696DJCTDEA6C:696B6CJI:CUTDCTDEA6C:696:HIQ6HHD8>696CDGB6AB:CI:6JB 9:;:>ID 6A:6IYG>D FJ6H: H:BEG: >C:HE:G69D HI6 V H:BEG: B6>H 9>HE:C9>DH6 : 86JH6 E:G96H 9:

&%

#'%'

$%%

##%'

&#%' %'

!

##%'

&#%' %'

7-'34-7'2' 1'88/,/)'@?4*489/548*+2'3:9+3@?4

(36)

EGD9JUTDH><C>;>86I>K6B:CI:B6>H:A:K696H:HI6C9DCDGB6AB:CI:6HHD8>69666K6G>6HB6>H<G6K:H B6CJI:CUTDEA6C:696VEGD<G6B696E6G6D8DGG:G6CI:H96;6A=6IDI6A9D:FJ>E6B:CID

Manutenção Corretiva Paliativa

B6CJI:CUTD E6A>6I>K6 :HIQ CDGB6AB:CI: 6HHD8>696 R G:E6G6UTD 6EYH 6 ;6A=6 : K>H6 8DAD86G 6 BQFJ>C6DJ:FJ>E6B:CID:B8DC9>UZ:H9:JI>A>O6UTDG:HI67:A:8:C9DJB68DC9>UTDEGDK>HYG>69:

;JC8>DC6B:CID9:;DGB66:K>I6G8JHIDH68G:H8>9DH:CFJ6CIDH:EGD<G6B66B6CJI:CUTD8JG6I>K6

;JIJG69:;DGB66G:EDG9:;>C>I>K6B:CI:68DC9>UTDIV8C>869DB:HBD

Manutenção Corretiva Curativa

B6CJI:CUTD 8JG6I>K6 8DCH>HI: CJB 8DC?JCID 9: EGQI>86H 8DB 86E68>969: 9: G:HI6JG6G 9:;>C>I>K6B:CI:D:FJ>E6B:CID6EA>8696HEDHI:G>DGB:CI:R6K6G>6CDGB6AB:CI:CTDEA6C:696DJ G:HJAI6CI:H9DEA6C:6B:CID:;:IJ69D6EYHDG:HI6JGDEGDK>HYG>D9DB:HBDB:9>6CI:6:M:8JUTD96 B6CJI:CUTDE6A>6I>K6 67>IJ6AB:CI::HI:VDI>ED9:B6CJI:CUTDB6>H9>HE:C9>DHDJB6K:O9:

:M><:6B6>DG9:B6C969:<6HIDH:6E6G6<:B9D:FJ>E6B:CID

Manutenção Preventiva

O%298)2DC3 ))89%(% % -28)6:%037 () 8)143 46E()8)61-2%(37 39 () %'36(3 '31 '6-8E6-37* 46)7'6-837'31%-2%0-(%()()6)(9>-6%463&%&-0-(%()()%:%6-%39()+6%(%DC3(392'-32%1)283 ()91&)1P23

B6CJI:CUTDEG:K:CI>K6VJBI>ED9:B6CJI:CUTDEA6C:696:;:IJ6968DB6>CI:CUTD9::K>I6GDJ G:9JO>G6EGD767>A>969:9:D8DGGWC8>69:6K6G>6H:969:<G696UTD9DH>HI:B69:JB69:I:GB>C696 BQFJ>C6FJ:CTDH::C8DCIG68DB9:;:>ID+:<J:CDGB6AB:CI:JBEA6CD9:B6CJI:CUTDE:G>Y9>8D 8DB 6UZ:H 9: B6CJI:CUTD EG:H8G>I6H ;JC96B:CI696H H:<JC9D JB6 6CQA>H: ;>C6C8:>G6 : 9:

;>67>A>969:8DBD>CIJ>ID9:6K6A>6GD7:C:;X8>D:6G:CI67>A>969:96HJ66EA>86UTD

B7DG6DEG>C8>E6AD7?:I>KDH:?6EG:K:C>G867:I6B7VBRB6CJI:CUTDEG:K:CI>K6DEA6C:6B:CID 96H >CI:GK:CUZ:H C:8:HHQG>6H HH>B H:C9D 9:K: H:BEG: :M>HI>G JB6 8DBEA:B:CI6G>969: 8DB 6 B6CJI:CUTD8JG6I>K6CDH:CI>9D9:<6G6CI>GD8JHIDBXC>BD

Manutenção Preventiva Sistemática

O%298)2DC346):)28-:%))89%(%%-28)6:%037()8)14346E)78%&)0)'-(37397)+92(3912K1)63* ()-2-(3()92-(%()7()98-0->%DC31%77)1'328630346E:-3(3)78%(3(3&)1P23*

B6CJI:CUTD H>HI:BQI>86 8DCH>HI: CJB 8DC?JCID 9: >CHE:UZ:H : :CH6>DH G:6A>O69DH :B

:FJ>E6B:CIDHFJ:CTD6EG:H:CI6BFJ6AFJ:G;6A=68DB6>CI:CUTD9:G:9JO>G6EGD767>A>969:9:

(37)

;6A=6DJ6K6G>6'7:9:8:6JBEA6CDE:G>Y9>8DEG::HI67:A:8>9DH:<JC9D>CI:GK6ADH8DCHI6CI:HDJ G:<>9DE:A6H=DG6H9:;JC8>DC6B:CIDFJ6CI>969:9:8>8ADHJC>969:HEGD9JO>96H:I8

Manutenção Preventiva Condicionada

O%298)2DC346):)28-:%&%7)%(%2%:-+-0B2'-%(392'-32%1)283(3&)1)39(374%6B1)8637* 7-+2--'%8-:37()77)92'-32%1)283-28)+6%2(3%7%DJ)7(%G()'366)28)7P23

B6CJI:CUTD 8DC9>8>DC696 BJ>I6H K:O:H 6E:A>9696 8DBD B6CJI:CUTD EG:9>I>K6 V JB I>ED 9:

B6CJI:CUTD 69?68:CI: 6D EGD<G:HHD 9DH E6GSB:IGDH B:9>9DH : 6K6A>69DH H:<JC9D 6CQA>H:H EDC9:G696H:EG:K>6B:CI:EGD<G6B696HHI6VEDGI6CIDJBI>ED9:6UTDEG:K:CI>K6HJHI:CI696 E:AD8DC=:8>B:CID9D:HI69D9:8696JB9DH8DBEDC:CI:HK>I6>H96HBQFJ>C6H::FJ>E6B:CIDH H:GK>C9D 8DBD JB >C9>869DG E6G6 D H:J :HI69D 9: 9:<G696UTD : 8DCH:FJ:CI: C:8:HH>969: 9:

>CI:GK:CUTD76H:69DCD8GJO6B:CID96>C;DGB6UTDG:8DA=>96

CIG:6H9>K:GH6H6CQA>H:H:B:9>UZ:H>C8>9:CI:HC6B6CJI:CUTD8DC9>8>DC6969:HI686BH:6A<JB6H 8DBDEDG:M:BEAD6I:GBD<G6;>666CQA>H:9:K>7G6UZ:H6B:9>UTDGJX9D:I8

D?::B9>6?QVEGQI>868DBJB68DCIG6I6UTD9::BEG:H6H:MI:GC6H8DBH:GK>UDH:HE:8>6A>O69DH C:HI6QG:66A<DG:8DGG:CI:CD(+:B6A<JB6H6I>K>969:H

Manutenção Oportunista, Especial ou Extraordinária

8=6B696 B6CJI:CUTD DEDGIJC>HI6 :HE:8>6A DJ :MIG6DG9>CQG>6 V CDGB6AB:CI: 6HHD8>696 R B6CJI:CUTDEG:K:CI>K6FJ6C9DEDG9>K:GHDHBDI>KDHCTDH::C86>M6B:BC:C=JB696H6CI:G>DG:H

&D (+ :HI6H >CI:GK:CUZ:H ED9:B H:G :M:8JI696H B:9>6CI: EDG :M:BEAD 6 G:8DB:C96UTD 9D

;67G>86CI: DEDGIJC>969: 9: >CI:GK>G CJB :FJ>E6B:CID FJ: HJEDHI6B:CI: 9:K:G>6 :HI6G :B

;JC8>DC6B:CID V <:G696 EDG JB6 E6G6<:B 96 A>C=6 9: EGD9JUTD FJ: ;:O 8DB FJ: :HI: ;>86HH:

9>HEDCXK:AE6G6I6A

3.5. A disponibilidade na rede elétrica

HK6CI6<:CH:8DCYB>86H6A86CU696HEDGJB68DGG:I6:HITD96%6CJI:CUTDHTDJB6G<JB:CID KQA>9DE6G6JB>CI:G:HH:8G:H8:CI:CDH:J9:H:BE:C=DED>HDD7?:I>KDEG>C8>E6A9:JB6:BEG:H6V

<:G6G AJ8GDH -B6 BQFJ>C6 8DB JB B6J 9:H:BE:C=D 9:K>9D R >C:;>8Q8>6 96 B6CJI:CUTD : DH

I:BEDHBDGIDH8DC9JO:BR9>B>CJ>UTDCDAJ8GDE:G969:EGD9JUTD:E:G96H9:DEDGIJC>969:HCD

B:G869D

(38)

HK6CI6<:CH96B6CJI:CUTDED9:BH:G:C8DCIG696HFJ6C9D68DCH:FJWC8>696HJ68DGG:I66IJ6UTD G:HJAI6C6D7H:GK6UTD9:;6A=6HFJ:CTD68DCI:8:G6BB6HFJ:I:G>6BD8DGG>9DH:CTDI>K:HH:BH>9D IDB696H 6H B:9>96H EG:K:CI>K6H B6CJI:CUTD V 8DC8:7>96 8DBD JB >CK:HI>B:CID ?Q FJ: DH 8JHIDH HJEA:B:CI6G:H H:GTD G:8JE:G69DH KQG>6H K:O:H 8DB D 6JB:CID 96 9>HEDC>7>A>969: 9D :FJ>E6B:CID

PC:8:HHQG>D6K6A>6GFJ6>HDH:FJ>E6B:CIDHB6>H8GXI>8DH:EG:D8JE6CI:H6CXK:A96B6CJI:CUTD B6CJI:CUTDEG:K:CI>K6CTDED9:H:G9:8>9>96B:G6B:CI:6D686HDI:GQ9:H:GEA6C>;>86968DB76H:

:B EGDK6H 9: C:8:HH>969: I:C9D :B 8DCI6 DH 8JHIDH : D 8DC=:8>B:CID 9DH H:JH :;:>IDH 9>;>8JA969: 8DCH>HI: :B G:E6GI>G 9: ;DGB6 :;>86O 6H KQG>6H 6UZ:H 9: B6CJI:CUTD EG:K:CI>K6H DJ 8DC9>8>DC696H:B;JCUTD9DCXK:A96H8DGG:I>K6H

:HITD 96 %6CJI:CUTD EG6I>8696 C6 ;Q7G>86 9D (+ I:B DI>B>O69D 6D ADC<D 9DH 6CDH D H:J EA6C:6B:CIDDFJ:I:BH>9D9:I:GB>C6CI:E6G66HH:<JG6G68DCI>CJ>969:96EGD9JUTD6<6G6CI>6 9:FJ6A>969:9DEGD9JID:H6I>H;6UTD9DB:G869D:BFJ:H:>CH:G:

3.6. Conclusão

>BEDGISC8>6 96 B6CJI:CUTD 8DBD EGQI>86 8DCIXCJ6 C6 >C9[HIG>6 V 8DBEG::C9>96 E:A6 G:K>HTD 7>7A>D<GQ;>86EG:H:CI:6DADC<D9:HI:86EXIJAD

PEDHHXK:A:CITD8DC8AJ>GFJ:CDH9>6H9:=D?:JB68DGG:I6<:HITD9:6I>KDHE6HH6EDG>9:CI>;>86G

6C6A>H6G : >CI:GK>G CJB :FJ>E6B:CID 6 I:BED C8DCIG6G D :FJ>AX7G>D :CIG: D 9:H:BE:C=D 9D

:FJ>E6B:CID:6G:CI67>A>O6UTD9DH8JHIDH6HHD8>69DHVEDHHXK:AB:9>6CI:6:H8DA=68DGG:I69DI>ED

9:6UZ:H66EA>86G

(39)

4.TRANSFORMADORES DE POTÊNCIA

4.1. Introdução

'HIG6CH;DGB69DG:H8DCHI>IJ:BJB9DH8DBEDC:CI:HK>I6>H9DHH>HI:B6H9:EGD9JUTDIG6CHB>HHTD : 9>HIG>7J>UTD 9: :C:G<>6 :AVIG>86 *:86:B HD7G: :HI:H :FJ>E6B:CIDH <G6C9:H EG:D8JE6UZ:H G:A6I>K6B:CI:RHJ6B6CJI:CUTD:8DCH:FJ:CI:B:CI:6D9:H:CKDAK>B:CID9:BVID9DH86E6O:H9:

;DGC:8:G JB 9>6<CYHI>8D 8DBEA:ID : ;>QK:A 9D H:J :HI69D 9: ;JC8>DC6B:CID ;:IJ6G JB6 B6CJI:CUTDEG:K:CI>K6G><DGDH6:9:K>96B:CI:EA6C:696V>BE:G6I>KDE6G68DCH:<J>GDBQM>BD9:

;>67>A>969::D6JB:CID9DI:BED9:K>96[I>A9DH:FJ>E6B:CIDH23

CI:H9:>BEA:B:CI6GFJ6AFJ:G:HIG6IV<>69:B6CJI:CUTDV>BEDGI6CI:8DC=:8:GFJ6>H6H6K6G>6H B6>H 8DBJCH 6H HJ6H 86JH6H : DH B:86C>HBDH 9: 9:I:G>DG6UTD 9DH EG>C8>E6>H 8DBEDC:CI:H 9DH IG6CH;DGB69DG:H 9: EDIWC8>6 ><JG6 ' 9:H8DC=:8>B:CID 9:HI6 >C;DGB6UTD ED9: G:HJAI6G C6 6EA>86UTD9:IV8C>86H9:9>6<CYHI>8DFJ:CTD7:C:;>8>6B9:;DGB6H><C>;>86I>K66;>67>A>969:9D IG6CH;DGB69DGDJDEGDADC<6B:CID96HJ6K>96[I>A

HIJ9DH:HI6IXHI>8DHG:6A>O69DH:BG:A6I>K6B:CI:RH6K6G>6H:BIG6CH;DGB69DG:H9DHFJ6>HH:

9:HI686B DH IG676A=DH 96 G:HEDCH67>A>969: 96 !* : 9D ! E:GB>I:B 6 8DBE6G6UTD 9:

G:HJAI69DH2323

HI: 86EXIJAD 6EG:H:CI6 JB6 86G68I:G>O6UTD 96H 6K6G>6H B6>H 8DBJCH CDH IG6CH;DGB69DG:H 9:

EDIWC8>6 : 9: H:<J>96 H:GQ ;:>I6 JB6 G:K>HTD 7>7A>D<GQ;>86 68:G86 9DH EG>C8>E6>H BVID9DH 9:

9>6<CYHI>8DE6G6EG:K>HTD9:6K6G>6H:BIG6CH;DGB69DG:H9:EDIWC8>6

/-:7'7/3)/5'/8)42543+39+8*+:297'38,472'*47'D1+4% &

(40)

4.2. Avarias em transformadores de potência

:KDAJUTD6DADC<D9DI:BED96I6M69:6K6G>6HCDHIG6CH;DGB69DG:HVKJA<6GB:CI:G:EG:H:CI696 8DB68JGK69:K>96CDGB6AB:CI:9:H><C696EDG8JGK69676C=:>G68DBDH:D7H:GK6C6><JG6 HI6 8JGK6 G:EG:H:CI6 IGWH E:GXD9DH 9>;:G:CI:H CD 8>8AD 9: K>96 9D IG6CH;DGB69DG ' EG>B:>GD E:GXD9D 9:H><C69D _!C;SC8>6` 6 I6M6 9: 6K6G>6H V 9:8G:H8:CI: : 9:K:H: EG>C8>E6AB:CI: RH 9:;>8>WC8>6HCDEGD?:ID;67G>8DBDCI6<:B:>CHI6A6UZ:H>C8DGG:I6HJG6CI:6_.>96dI>A`6I6M69:

6K6G>6HVEG6I>86B:CI:8DCHI6CI::6H6K6G>6HD8DGG:B9:K>9D686JH6H:MI:GC6H6D:FJ>E6B:CID :GGDH9:B6CJI:CUTD:DE:G6UTD:DH:JC[B:GDCTDI:C9:6K6G>6G8DBDE6HH6G9DI:BEDP9JG6CI:

:HI:E:GXD9DFJ:H:9:K:B:CFJ69G6G6HIV8C>86H9:B6CJI:CUTDE:G>Y9>86H&D_CK:A=:8>B:CID`

6 I6M6 9: 6K6G>6H V 8G:H8:CI: 9:K>9D 6D 9:H<6HI: : ;69><6 9DH 8DBEDC:CI:H M>HI: E6GI>8JA6G

>CI:G:HH::B8DC=:8:GD>CX8>D9:HI:E:GXD9DED>H6:HIG6IV<>69:B6CJI:CUTDI:GQ9:H:G69:FJ696 R 8DC9>UTD 6IJ6A :CK:A=:8>96 9D IG6CH;DGB69DG H:C9D DH >CI:GK6ADH 9: >CI:GK:CUTD 9>;:G:CI:H 96FJ:A:H 9:;>C>9DH E6G6DE:GXD9D6CI:8:9:CI:I6M69:6K6G>6H8DCHI6CI:23

/-:7':7;'*'('3.+/7'

-B6 96H 86JH6H 9: 6K6G>6H B6>H 8DBJCH G:HJAI6 96 9:;>8>:CI: B6CJI:CUTD G:6A>O696 6DH :FJ>E6B:CIDHDJEDGFJ:HTDG:6A>O696H;DG69DE:GXD9DCDGB6A:HI>EJA69DE6G6D:;:>IDDJEDGFJ:

CTDH:G:6A>O6G6B6UZ:H9:B6CJI:CUTD69:FJ696H6DIG6CH;DGB69DGPI6B7VBBJ>ID>BEDGI6CI:

D8DC=:8>B:CID:HE:8X;>8D9:86968DBEDC:CI:EDGE6GI:9DHDE:G69DG:HFJ::;:IJ6BIG676A=DH9:

B6CJI:CUTDE6G6FJ:6HDE:G6UZ:H9:B6CJI:CUTDH:G:6A>O:B96B:A=DG;DGB6

>BEA:B:CI6UTD9:EA6CDH9:B6CJI:CUTDEG:K:CI>K6V:HH:C8>6AE6G66G:9JUTD96EDHH>7>A>969:

9: D8DGGWC8>6 9: 6K6G>6H 9>8>DC6AB:CI: D 8DGG:ID ;JC8>DC6B:CID 9DH H>HI:B6H 9: EGDI:UTD V I6B7VB :HH:C8>6AE6G6FJ:6H6K6G>6HH:?6B9:I:I696HDB6>HG6E>96B:CI:EDHHXK:A9:;DGB66

>BE:9>G6HJ6EGD<G:HHTD:FJ:6A86C8:BEGDEDGUZ:H86I6HIGY;>86H

(41)

4.3. Estudos estatísticos de fiabilidade [10]

>9:CI>;>86UTD96HEG>C8>E6>H86JH6H9:6K6G>6EDHH>7>A>I66>BEA:B:CI6UTD9::HIG6IV<>6H8DGG:I>K6H :BJC>969:HH>B>A6G:H:9:HI6;DGB6EG:K:C>G6D8DGGWC8>69:6K6G>6H9DB:HBDI>EDCD;JIJGD :K>9D R 9>K:GH>969: 9DH :HIJ9DH G:A6I>KDH RH 6K6G>6H :B IG6CH;DGB69DG:H 9: EDIWC8>6 R ;DGB6 8DBD6HFJ:HIZ:HHTD8DAD8696HCDH>CFJVG>IDHRJI>A>O6UTD9:9>;:G:CI:H9:;>C>UZ:H9:6K6G>6:R :M>HIWC8>69:9[K>96HC6>CI:GEG:I6UTD9DH969DH66CQA>H:HD7G:6;>67>A>969:9DHIG6CH;DGB69DG:H 8DC8AJ>H:FJ:6I6M69:6K6G>6H9DHIG6CH;DGB69DG:HK6G>6=D?::B9>6:CIG::::M>HI:B 6A<JCH;6IDG:HFJ:>C;AJ:C8>6B:HI:K6ADG8DBDEDG:M:BEADDCXK:A9:I:CHTDEDIWC8>6:6>969:

9DIG6CH;DGB69DG.:G>;>86H:FJ:RB:9>96FJ::HI:H;6IDG:H6JB:CI6B6JB:CI6I6B7VB6I6M6 9:6K6G>6H'8JHIDBV9>D9:JB66K6G>66HHD8>69D6>CI:GGJEUTD9:;DGC:8>B:CID9::C:G<>6ED9:

8=:<6G 6DH B>A=Z:H 9: :JGDH : DH I:BEDH BV9>DH 9: G:E6G6UTD 9JG6B 8:G86 9: 6 9>6H 6EGDM>B696B:CI:23

H6K6G>6HG:A6I>K6H6DH G:<JA69DG:H9:I:CHTD:B86G<6:6DH :CGDA6B:CIDH 8DC;DGB:>AJHIG69DC6

><JG6 HTD EG:9DB>C6CI:H : G:EG:H:CI6B H:<JC9D DH IG676A=DH 96 !* : 9D ! 6EGDM>B696B:CI::G:HE:I>K6B:CI:9DC[B:GDIDI6AG:<>HI69DHI:H:HIJ9DHG:6A>O69DH :B :B7DG6 9:H6IJ6A>O69DH HTD DH [C>8DH FJ: 6IV 6DH 9>6H 9: =D?: IWB JB6 9>B:CHTD G:A:K6CI::E:GB>I:BD7I:G>C;DGB6UTDHD7G:JB6EDEJA6UTD9>HI>CI623

/-:7'/897/(:/@?4*+,'1.'89C5/)'85'7'97'38,472'*47+8*+8:(+89'@E+8

*:;>G6H: 6>C96 FJ: 6H 6K6G>6H G:A6I>K6H 6DH :CGDA6B:CIDH HTD 6FJ:A6H 6 FJ: H: :C8DCIG6B 6HHD8>69DH DH B6>DG:H E:GXD9DH 9: >C9>HEDC>7>A>969: 9DH IG6CH;DGB69DG:H 8DBD H: D7H:GK6 C6

><JG6

B:A=DG>6HJ7HI6C8>6A96HJ6;>67>A>969:>BEA>866>C96JB8DCIGDAD9:FJ6A>969::;>86O9:;DGB6 6 6I:CJ6G DH 9:;:>IDH 9: ;67G>8D : I6B7VB 6 >BEA:B:CI6UTD 9: :HIG6IV<>6H 9: B6CJI:CUTD 69:FJ696H

&

02;

#'$$$

01;

$$ #$

01;

#&%

%

#%$ 2;

08;

30;

(42)

/-:7'3*/8543/(/1/*'*+*497'38,472'*47'884)/'*4')'*'9/54*+';'7/'

DBEGDEYH>ID9:;DGC:8:G:BJB9>6<CYHI>8D8DBEA:ID:;>QK:A6G:HE:>ID96D8DGGWC8>69:6K6G>6H :BIG6CH;DGB69DG:HIG>;QH>8DHIWBH>9D9:H:CKDAK>9DH6A<JCHBVID9DHHI:HIWBH>9DA6G<6B:CI:

JI>A>O69DH:76H:>6BH:C66CQA>H:9DH<6H:H9>HHDAK>9DHCDYA:DC69:I:UTD:AVIG>86: DJ68[HI>86 9:9:H86G<6HE6G8>6>H:6>C96C66CQA>H:I:GBD<GQ;>86'JIGDH=QI6>H8DBDDH76H:69DHC66CQA>H:

96H K>7G6UZ:H DJ 6>C96 9D ;AJMD B6<CVI>8D 9: ;J<6H FJ: HTD ><J6AB:CI: G:;:G>9DH C6 :MI:CH6 7>7A>D<G6;>6 EJ7A>8696 C:HI: 9DBXC>D : XC9DA: 9>;:G:CI: 9DH BVID9DH 6CI:G>DGB:CI: G:;:G>9DH 9>HI>C<J:BH:I6B7VB6H:HIG6IV<>6H9:9>6<CYHI>8DCTD6EA>8QK:>H:BH:GK>UD76H:696HC66CQA>H:

96G:HEDHI66>BEJAHDH9:I:CHTDE6GI>8JA6GB:CI:6IG6KVH966CQA>H:96;JCUTD9:IG6CH;:GWC8>6DJ 6>C96C66CQA>H:968DGG:CI:9::M8>I6UTD23

6CQA>H:9DH969DH:HI6IXHI>8DH9>HEDCXK:>HE:GB>I:8DC8AJ>GFJ:6EDEJA6UTD9:IG6CH;DGB69DG:H H: :C8DCIG6 <AD76AB:CI: :CK:A=:8>96 : 8DB JB6 I6M6 9: 6K6G>6H FJ: 6EG:H:CI6 JB6 I:C9WC8>6 8G:H8:CI: 6 6CQA>H: 9:HI:H :HIJ9DH 8DC8AJ>H: 6>C96 FJ: EG:9DB>C6B 6H 6K6G>6H G:A6I>K6H 6DH :CGDA6B:CIDH8DBJI69DG9:I:CHTD:IG6K:HH>6H+TDDH9:;:>IDH9:>HDA6B:CIDCDH:CGDA6B:CIDH FJ:EGDKD86BDHB6>DG:HE:GXD9DH9:>C9>HEDC>7>A>969::DHFJ:EGDKD86BB6>H;G:FJ:CI:B:CI:6 E:G96IDI6A9DIG6CH;DGB69DGG:HJAI6C9D6HH>B:BEG:?JXODHB6>H6KJAI69DH

B:A=DG>6HJ7HI6C8>6A96;>67>A>969:9DHIG6CH;DGB69DG:H>BEA>86D9:H:CKDAK>B:CID9:CDKDH BVID9DH9:9>6<CYHI>8D86E6O:H9:EGDEDG8>DC6G:B6>BEA:B:CI6UTD9::HIG6IV<>6H9:B6CJI:CUTD 69:FJ696H:9:9:I:I6G:BDHH>CIDB6H966K6G>66>C96CJB6;6H:>C8>E>:CI:

,2 1 6 01 06 11 16 21 26 31

#%$

#&%%

#'$$$

"&

$$ #$

$!<0 0<$!<2/$ $!=2/$

ANÁLISE DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANUTENÇÃO INDUSTRIAL EM TRANSFORMADORES DE POTÊNCIA

68JA969:9:>WC8>6H:,:8CDAD<>6H 96-C>K:GH>969:9:D>B7G6

)4%68%1)283()2+)2,%6-%0)8638E'2-'%)()31498%(36)7