GNSS applications at Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais

(1)

DEPARTAMENTO DE MATEMÁTICA APLICADA

GNSS applications at Centro de

Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais

Isabel Osório

Department of Applied Mathematics

Faculty of Sciences

University of Porto, Portugal

iposorio@fc.up.pt

(2)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

URBAN TRAFFIC FLOW PREDICTION

BY USING GPS AND NEURAL

NETWORKS THEORY

To study methods to recognize traffic patterns

inside a city, by using:

- GPS, for GIS data acquisition and trajectories

information;

- Artificial Neural Networks, as analyzing tool,

in order to answer questions like

- Which are the most used roads at 16h00 pm ?

- Which are the jam arcs concerning the

(3)

Methodology

• Digital cartography actualization - GPS

• Driver’s trajectory acquisition - GPS

• Database treatment - GIS

• Neural Network Design

• Analysis of the Neural Network results

(4)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

GPS

Differential GPS by using a City Hall

Reference Station

Data precision: codes and phases for GIS

(5)

Study area

estação de referência

Centro Comercial

Biblioteca Municipal

(6)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Digital cartography actualization -

GPS

Some features and attributes

considered:

• Pavement maintenance

• Speed limit in each street

• Pavement, taking into account the

atmospheric conditions

• Number of crossing points

(7)

Sample drivers characteristics

• Different ages

• Different cultural levels

• Different jobs

• Different knowledge of the city center

Experiment

These persons were invited, several times, to drive

under different weather conditions, at a different

hour of the day, all days of the week, from one

same point, in downtown, to a shopping center, 5

km away, in the periphery. Their trajectories were

recorded by a Trimble GeoExplorer 3 GPS receiver

(8)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Neural network design

By using the MATLAB neural networks toolbox,

several networks were trained.

Input layer:

• Traffic perception

• Pavement maintenance

• Speed limits

• Hour of the day

• Type of pavement face to weather conditions

• Number of cross-roads/ pedestrian conflicts

(9)

Three different studies were

developed

• Arc by arc of the road neural network

Objective: To recognize traffic patterns

• Static neural network, with concurrent inputs

• Dynamic neural network, with 4 input sequences

Objective: Traffic prediction

(10)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Arc by arc of the road network

Network design:

• 6 neurons in the

hidden layer

• Learning rate (< 0.5)

• Momentum (0.5-09)

Output in binary

form:

The driver passed

or not through the

arc

(11)

Percentage of success considering

arcs traveled

0, 0 20, 0 40, 0 60, 0 80, 0 100, 0 120, 0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Ar cs of the r oad networ k

(12)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

10 4 percurs os

1 percurso 10

1 percurso 4

Trajectory 4 - red

←Original trajectory

GIS data

Neural Network

trajectory →

(13)

DEPARTAMENTO DE

MATEMÁTICA APLICADA

Static and Dynamic networks

Four sequences for the

inputs:

• Group 1: dry pavement

and rush hour

• Group 2: dry pavement

and not rush hour

• Group 3: wet pavement

and rush hour

• Group 4: wet pavement

and not rush hour

Output:

Percentage of people

that traveled through

each arc in the same

conditions.

(14)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

RESULTS

Similar behavior between the dynamic

and the static network

Error of 20% in the prevision of the

percentage of drivers who pass the arc

(15)

DEPARTAMENTO DE

ILS calibration with DGPS

(16)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

(17)

(18)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Satellite Navigation using

GPS data

(19)

(20)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

C/A CODEPHASES

(AMBIGUOUS)

DOPLLER

MEASUREMENTS

FIXED-INTERVAL

SMOOTHING

PROCESS

SMOOTHED

PSEUDORANGES

AT 0.5 S CADENCY

FORCE MODEL

FOR PoSAT-1

MOTION

EXTENDED

KALMAN

FILTER

STATE VECTOR:

POSITION

VELOCITY

RECEIVER

CLOCK ERROR

PoSAT-1

Autonomous Navigation

(21)

THE SENSITIVITY OF THE REDUCED DYNAMICS TO THE

EARTH’S GRAVITY MODEL IN SATELLITE ORBITOGRAPHY

PoSAT-1 POSITION RESIDUALS (JGM3-EGM96)

-2 -1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

T (MINUTES)

X, Y, Z RESIDUALS (METRES)

(22)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

THE SENSITIVITY OF THE REDUCED DYNAMICS TO THE

EARTH’S GRAVITY MODEL IN SATELLITE

ORBITOGRAPHY

(23)

PoSAT-1 GPS receiver data

BASIC IDEA OF THE METHOD:

AS SEEN FROM BOARD, MANY CONTIGUOUS DIRECTIONS OF GPS

SIGNAL PATH CROSS THE HIGH IONOSPHERE AND SOME CAN

CROSS ALL THE IONOSPHERE (PoSAT AND GPS SATELLITE ARE IN

OPPOSITE POSITIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE EARTH)

SOME OF THESE

MEASUREMENTS CAN

BE USED, IN A

REVERSE PROCESS,

WHERE PoSAT

POSITION IS WELL

KNOWN, TO

EVALUATE THE TOTAL

ELECTRON CONTENT

(TEC)

(24)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

IONOSPHERIC STUDIES

SMOOTHED

PSEUDORANGES

AT 1 S CADENCY

FORCE MODEL

FOR PoSAT-1

MOTION

EXTENDED

KALMAN

FILTER

POSITION

VELOCITY

RECEIVER

CLOCK ERROR

SMOOTHED PSEUDORANGES AT 1 S

CADENCY (ALTERNATE VALUES)

GPS SATELLITES

CLOCK ERRORS

FORCE MODEL

FOR PoSAT-1

MOTION

GPS PRESISE

EPHEMERIS

POSITION AND

VELOCITY 0.5

SECONDS

LATER

"OBSERVED" PSEUDORANGES CORRECTED FOR CLOCK ERRORS

CALCULATED

PSEUDORANGES

TEC VALUES:

296 TEC

.

40

2 L

ν ×

=

ρ

∆

(25)

IONOSPHERIC STUDIES

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 2 3

4⁹¹⁰⁵⁸⁶⁷¹¹¹²¹³¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶²¹²²¹⁹¹⁷²⁰¹⁸²³²⁴²⁵²⁶²⁷²⁸²⁹³⁰³¹³²³³³⁴³⁹⁴⁰³⁶³⁸³⁵³⁷⁴¹⁴²⁴³⁴⁴⁴⁵⁴⁶⁵¹⁵²⁴⁷⁵⁰⁴⁹⁴⁸⁵⁷⁵⁹⁵⁸⁵³⁵⁶⁵⁵⁵⁴⁶⁰⁶¹⁶²⁶³⁶⁴⁶⁵⁷¹⁷⁰⁶⁸⁶⁹⁶⁶⁶⁷⁷²⁷³⁷⁴⁷⁵⁷⁶⁷⁷⁸¹⁸²⁸³⁸⁰⁷⁸⁷⁹⁸⁷⁸⁸⁸⁹⁸⁶⁸⁵⁸⁴⁹⁰⁹¹⁹²⁹³⁹⁴⁹⁵99100101989796102103104105106107108109110111112113114₁₁₉₁₂₀₁₁₆₁₁₈₁₁₇₁₁₅₁₂₁₁₂₂₁₂₃₁₂₄₁₂₅₁₂₆₁₂₇₁₂₈₁₂₉₁₃₀₁₃₁₁₃₂ 133 134 135 136 137 138140141142143144139₁₄₅₁₄₆₁₄₇₁₄₈₁₄₉₁₅₀₁₅₅₁₅₆₁₅₁₁₅₄₁₅₃₁₅₂₁₅₇₁₅₈₁₅₉₁₆₀₁₆₁₁₆₂₁₆₃

164 165 166 167 168 169₁₇₀₁₇₁₁₇₂₁₇₃₁₇₄₁₇₅₁₈₁₁₈₀₁₇₈₁₇₉₁₇₇₁₇₆₁₈₂₁₈₃₁₈₄₁₈₅₁₈₆₁₈₇

188 189 190 191 192 193₁₉₄₁₉₅₁₉₆₁₉₇₁₉₈₁₉₉₂₀₀₂₀₁₂₀₂₂₀₃₂₀₄₂₀₅

206 207 208 209 210 211 212₂₁₃₂₁₄₂₁₅₂₁₆₂₁₇₂₁₈₂₁₉₂₂₀₂₂₁₂₂₂₂₂₃₂₂₄

225 226 227 228 229 230₂₃₁₂₃₂₂₃₃₂₃₄₂₃₅₂₃₆₂₃₇₂₃₈₂₃₉₂₄₀₂₄₁₂₄₂

243 244 245 246 247 248₂₄₉₂₅₀₂₅₁₂₅₂₂₅₃₂₅₄₂₅₅₂₅₆₂₅₇₂₅₈₂₅₉₂₆₀

261 262 263 264 265 266 267₂₆₈₂₆₉₂₇₀₂₇₁₂₇₂₂₇₃₂₇₄₂₇₅₂₇₆₂₇₇₂₇₈₂₇₉

280 281 282 283 284 285₂₈₆₂₈₇₂₈₈₂₈₉₂₉₀₂₉₁

292 293 294 295 296 297₂₉₈₂₉₉₃₀₀₃₀₁₃₀₂₃₀₃₃₀₄₃₀₅₃₀₆₃₀₇₃₀₈₃₀₉

310 311 312 313 314 315 316₃₁₇₃₁₈₃₁₉₃₂₀₃₂₁₃₂₂

323 324 325 326 327 328₃₂₉₃₃₀₃₃₁₃₃₂₃₃₃₃₃₄

335 336 337 338 339 340₃₄₁₃₄₂₃₄₃₃₄₄₃₄₅₃₄₆ 347 348 349 350 351 352₃₅₃₃₅₄₃₅₅₃₅₆₃₅₇₃₅₈

359 360 361 362 363 364₃₆₅₃₆₆₃₆₇₃₆₈₃₆₉₃₇₀₃₇₁ 372 373 374 375 376 377₃₇₈₃₇₉₃₈₀₃₈₁₃₈₂₃₈₃ 384 385 386 387 388 389₃₉₀₃₉₁₃₉₂₃₉₃₃₉₄₃₉₅ 396 397 398 399 400 401₄₀₂₄₀₃₄₀₄₄₀₅₄₀₆₄₀₇ 408 409 410 411 412 413₄₁₄₄₁₅₄₁₆₄₁₇₄₁₈₄₁₉ 420 421 422 423 424 425 426₄₂₇₄₂₈₄₂₉₄₃₀₄₃₁₄₃₂

433 434 435 436 437 438₄₃₉₄₄₀₄₄₁₄₄₂₄₄₃₄₄₄ 445 446 447 448 449 450₄₅₁₄₅₂₄₅₃₄₅₄₄₅₅₄₅₆ 457 458 459 460 461 462₄₆₃₄₆₄₄₆₅₄₆₆₄₆₇₄₆₈ 469 470 471 472 473 474 475₄₇₆₄₇₇₄₇₈₄₇₉₄₈₀₄₈₁ 482 483 484 485 486 487₄₈₈₄₈₉₄₉₀₄₉₁₄₉₂₄₉₃ 494 495 496 497 498 499500 501 502 503 504 505₅₀₆₅₀₇₅₀₈₅₀₉₅₁₀₅₁₁ 512 513 514 515 516 517₅₁₈₅₁₉₅₂₀₅₂₁₅₂₂₅₂₃ 524 525 526 527 528 529 530₅₃₁₅₃₂₅₃₃₅₃₄₅₃₅₅₃₆ 537 538 539 540 541 542543 544 545 546 547 548549 550 551 552 553 554555 556 557 558 559 560561 562 563 564 565 566567 568 569 570 571 573572 574 575 576 577 578 579580 581 582 583 584 586585 587 588 589 590 591592 593 594 595 596 598597 599 600 601 602 603604 605 606 607 608 610609 611 612 613 614 616615 617 618 619 620 622621 623 624 625 626 628627 629 630 631 632 633 634635 636 637 638 639 641640 642 643 644 645 647646 648 649 650 651 653652 654 655 656 657 659658 660 661 662 663 665664 666 667 668 669 671670 672 673 674 675 677676 678 679 680 681 682 684683 685 686 687 688 690689 691 692 693 694 696695 697 698 699 700 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1174 1175 1176 1177 11791178 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 11911190 1192 1193 1194 1195 11971196 1198 1199 1200 1201 12031202 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 12101209 1211 1212 1213 1214 12161215 1217 1218 1219 1220 12221221 1223 1224 1225 1226 12281227 1229 1230 1231 1232 12341233 1235 1236 1237 1238 12401239 1241 1242 1243 1244 12461245 1247 1248 1249 1250 12521251 1253 1254 1255 1256 12581257 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 12651264 1266 1267 1268 1269 12711270 1272 1273 1274 1275 12771276 1278 1279 1280 1281 12831282 1284 1285 1286 1287 12891288 1290 1291 1292 1293 12951294 1296 1297 1298 1299 13011300 1302 1303 1304 1305 13071306 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 13141313 1315 1316 1317 1318 13201319 1321 1322 1323 1324 13261325 1327 1328 1329 1330 13321331 1333 1334133513361337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 13441343 1345 1346 1347 1348 13501349 1351 1352 1353 1354 13561355 1357 1358 1359 1360 13621361 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 13691368 1370 1371 1372 1373 13751374 1376 1377 1378 1379 13811380 1382 1383 1384 1385 13871386 1388 1389 1390 1391 13931392 1394 1395 1396 1397 13991398 1400 1401 1402 1403 14051404 1406 1407 1408 1409 14111410 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 14181417 1419 1420 1421 1422 14241423 1425 1426 1427 1428 14301429 1431 1432 1433 1434 14361435 1437 1438 1439 1440 14421441 1443 1444 1445 1446 14481447 1449 1450 1451 1452 14541453 1455 1456 1457 1458 14601459 1461 1462 1463 1464 14661465 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 14731472 1474 1475 1476 1477 14791478 1480 1481 1482 1483 14851484 1486 1487 1488 1489 14911490 1492 1493 1494 1495 14971496 1498 1499 1500 1501 15031502 1504 1505 1506 1507 15091508 1510 1511 1512 1513 15151514 1516 1517 1518 1519 15211520 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 15281527 1529 1530 1531 1532 15341533 1535 1536 1537 1538 15401539 1541 1542 1543 1544 15461545 1547 1548 1549 1550 15521551 1553 1554 1555 1556 15581557 1559 1560 1561 1562 15631564 1565 1566 1567 1568 15701569 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 15771576 1578 1579 1580 1581 15831582 1584 1585 1586 1587 15891588 1590 1591 1592 1593 15941595 1596 1597 1598 1599 16011600 1602 1603 1604 1605 16071606 1608 1609 1610 1611 16121613 1614 1615 1616 1617 16191618 1620 1621 1622 1623 16241625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 16321631 1633 1634 1635 1636 16371638 1639 1640 1641 1642 16431644 1645 1646 1647 1648 16491650 1651 1652 1653 1654 16551656 1657 1658 1659 1660 16611662 1663 1664 1665 1666 16671668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673¹⁶⁷⁴¹⁶⁷⁵¹⁶⁷⁶¹⁶⁷⁷¹⁶⁷⁸¹⁶⁷⁹¹⁶⁸⁰¹⁶⁸¹¹⁶⁸²¹⁶⁸³¹⁶⁸⁴¹⁶⁸⁵¹⁶⁸⁶ 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 16921693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698¹⁶⁹⁹¹⁷⁰⁰¹⁷⁰¹¹⁷⁰²¹⁷⁰³¹⁷⁰⁴¹⁷⁰⁵¹⁷⁰⁶¹⁷⁰⁷¹⁷⁰⁸¹⁷⁰⁹¹⁷¹⁰ 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716¹⁷¹⁷¹⁷¹⁸¹⁷¹⁹¹⁷²⁰¹⁷²¹¹⁷²²¹⁷²³¹⁷²⁴¹⁷²⁵¹⁷²⁶¹⁷²⁷¹⁷²⁸ 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735¹⁷³⁶¹⁷³⁷¹⁷³⁸¹⁷³⁹¹⁷⁴⁰¹⁷⁴¹¹⁷⁴²¹⁷⁴³¹⁷⁴⁴¹⁷⁴⁵¹⁷⁴⁶¹⁷⁴⁷ 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753¹⁷⁵⁴¹⁷⁵⁵¹⁷⁵⁶¹⁷⁵⁷¹⁷⁵⁸¹⁷⁵⁹¹⁷⁶⁰¹⁷⁶¹¹⁷⁶²¹⁷⁶³¹⁷⁶⁴¹⁷⁶⁵ 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771¹⁷⁷²¹⁷⁷³¹⁷⁷⁴¹⁷⁷⁵¹⁷⁷⁶¹⁷⁷⁷¹⁷⁷⁸¹⁷⁷⁹¹⁷⁸⁰¹⁷⁸¹¹⁷⁸²¹⁷⁸³¹⁷⁸⁴

1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790¹⁷⁹¹¹⁷⁹²¹⁷⁹³¹⁷⁹⁴¹⁷⁹⁵¹⁷⁹⁶¹⁸⁰²¹⁸⁰¹¹⁷⁹⁹¹⁸⁰⁰¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁷⁹⁷¹⁸⁰³¹⁸⁰⁴¹⁸⁰⁵¹⁸⁰⁶¹⁸⁰⁷¹⁸⁰⁸

1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814¹⁸¹⁵¹⁸¹⁶¹⁸¹⁷¹⁸¹⁸¹⁸¹⁹¹⁸²⁰¹⁸²⁶¹⁸²⁵¹⁸²³¹⁸²⁴¹⁸²²¹⁸²¹¹⁸²⁷¹⁸²⁸¹⁸²⁹¹⁸³⁰¹⁸³¹¹⁸³²

1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839¹⁸⁴⁰¹⁸⁴¹¹⁸⁴²¹⁸⁴³¹⁸⁴⁴¹⁸⁴⁵¹⁸⁵¹¹⁸⁵⁰¹⁸⁴⁸¹⁸⁴⁹¹⁸⁴⁷¹⁸⁴⁶¹⁸⁵²¹⁸⁵³¹⁸⁵⁴¹⁸⁵⁵¹⁸⁵⁶¹⁸⁵⁷

1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863¹⁸⁶⁴¹⁸⁶⁵¹⁸⁶⁶¹⁸⁶⁷¹⁸⁶⁸¹⁸⁶⁹¹⁸⁷⁵¹⁸⁷⁴¹⁸⁷²¹⁸⁷³¹⁸⁷¹¹⁸⁷⁰¹⁸⁷⁶¹⁸⁷⁷¹⁸⁷⁸¹⁸⁷⁹¹⁸⁸⁰¹⁸⁸¹

1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887¹⁸⁸⁸¹⁸⁸⁹¹⁸⁹⁰¹⁸⁹¹¹⁸⁹²¹⁸⁹³¹⁸⁹⁴¹⁹⁰⁰¹⁸⁹⁹¹⁸⁹⁷¹⁸⁹⁸¹⁸⁹⁶¹⁸⁹⁵¹⁹⁰¹¹⁹⁰²¹⁹⁰³¹⁹⁰⁴¹⁹⁰⁵¹⁹⁰⁶

1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912¹⁹¹³¹⁹¹⁴¹⁹¹⁵¹⁹¹⁶¹⁹¹⁷¹⁹¹⁸¹⁹²⁴¹⁹²³¹⁹²¹¹⁹²²¹⁹²⁰¹⁹¹⁹¹⁹²⁵¹⁹²⁶¹⁹²⁷¹⁹²⁸¹⁹²⁹¹⁹³⁰

1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936¹⁹³⁸¹⁹³⁹¹⁹⁴⁰¹⁹⁴¹¹⁹⁴²¹⁹⁴³¹⁹³⁷¹⁹⁴⁷¹⁹⁴⁸¹⁹⁴⁹¹⁹⁴⁶¹⁹⁴⁵¹⁹⁴⁴¹⁹⁵⁰¹⁹⁵¹¹⁹⁵²¹⁹⁵³¹⁹⁵⁴¹⁹⁵⁵¹⁹⁵⁶¹⁹⁵⁷¹⁹⁵⁸¹⁹⁵⁹¹⁹⁶⁰¹⁹⁶¹

1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967¹⁹⁶⁹¹⁹⁷⁰¹⁹⁶⁸¹⁹⁷¹¹⁹⁷²¹⁹⁷³¹⁹⁷⁷¹⁹⁷⁸¹⁹⁷⁹¹⁹⁷⁶¹⁹⁷⁵¹⁹⁷⁴¹⁹⁸⁰¹⁹⁸¹¹⁹⁸²¹⁹⁸³¹⁹⁸⁴¹⁹⁸⁵¹⁹⁸⁶¹⁹⁸⁷¹⁹⁸⁸¹⁹⁸⁹¹⁹⁹⁰¹⁹⁹¹

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998¹⁹⁹⁹²⁰⁰⁰²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶²⁰⁰⁷²⁰⁰⁸²⁰⁰⁹²⁰¹⁰²⁰¹⁶²⁰¹⁵²⁰¹³²⁰¹⁴²⁰¹²²⁰¹¹²⁰¹⁷²⁰¹⁸²⁰¹⁹²⁰²⁰²⁰²¹²⁰²²²⁰²³²⁰²⁴²⁰²⁵²⁰²⁶²⁰²⁷²⁰²⁸

2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034²⁰³⁶²⁰³⁷²⁰³⁸²⁰³⁹²⁰⁴⁰²⁰³⁵²⁰⁴¹²⁰⁴²²⁰⁴³²⁰⁴⁴²⁰⁴⁵²⁰⁴⁶²⁰⁴⁷²⁰⁵¹²⁰⁵²²⁰⁵³²⁰⁵⁰²⁰⁴⁸²⁰⁴⁹²⁰⁵⁴²⁰⁵⁵²⁰⁵⁶²⁰⁵⁷²⁰⁵⁸²⁰⁵⁹²⁰⁶⁴²⁰⁶⁵²⁰⁶¹²⁰⁶³²⁰⁶²²⁰⁶⁰²⁰⁶⁶²⁰⁶⁷²⁰⁶⁸²⁰⁶⁹²⁰⁷⁰²⁰⁷¹

2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077²⁰⁷⁹²⁰⁸⁰²⁰⁸¹²⁰⁸²²⁰⁸³²⁰⁷⁸²⁰⁸⁴²⁰⁸⁵²⁰⁸⁶²⁰⁸⁷²⁰⁸⁸²⁰⁸⁹²⁰⁹⁴²⁰⁹⁵²⁰⁹¹²⁰⁹³²⁰⁹²²⁰⁹⁰²⁰⁹⁶²⁰⁹⁷²⁰⁹⁸²⁰⁹⁹²¹⁰⁰²¹⁰¹²¹⁰²²¹⁰⁸²¹⁰⁷²¹⁰⁵²¹⁰⁶²¹⁰³²¹⁰⁴²¹⁰⁹²¹¹⁰²¹¹¹²¹¹²²¹¹³²¹¹⁴²¹¹⁸²¹²⁰²¹¹⁹²¹¹⁷²¹¹⁶²¹¹⁵²¹²¹²¹²²²¹²³²¹²⁴²¹²⁵²¹²⁶²¹²⁷²¹²⁸²¹²⁹²¹³⁰²¹³¹²¹³²

2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 21382140214121422143214421392145214621472148214921502151215621572152215521542153215821592160216121622163216721682169216621652164217021712172217321742175217621772178217921802181218621872183218521842182218821892190219121922193219421952196219721982199

2200 2201 2202

TEC FROMPRN 25 TEC FROM PRN 29 TEC FROM PRN20 TEC FROM PRN 4

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UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

GPS Meteorology

Data to process:

Code and carrier phases measurements

available from the Portuguese GPS

reference stations

IGS ultra-rapid orbits

Validation of the results:

Meteorological data, also available, from

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DEPARTAMENTO DE

Tropospheric effect evaluation

(28)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

(29)

(30)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

(31)

(32)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Tropospheric models studied

• SAASTAMOINEN

• MODIFIED HOPFIELD

• GOAD MODEL

• REMONDI MODEL (SIMILAR TO

GOAD MODEL)

(33)

(34)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

(35)

(36)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Dam control with GPS

Pracana case study

(37)

(38)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

(39)

DEPARTAMENTO DE

High Precision Network

(40)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Navigation studies with GPS

(41)

DEPARTAMENTO DE

High precision Agriculture

(42)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

(43)

(44)

UN/USA INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL

NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

13-17 DECEMBER 2004, VIENNA, AUSTRIA

(45)