Search for lepton flavour violation in the emu continuum with the ATLAS detector in $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV $pp$ collisions at the LHC

arXiv:1205.0725v2 [hep-ex] 28 Jun 2012

CERN-PH-EP-2012-108

Submitted to: European Physical Journal C

Search for Lepton Flavour Violation in the

eµ

Continuum with

the ATLAS Detector in

√

s = 7

TeV

pp

Collisions at the LHC

The ATLAS Collaboration

Abstract

This paper presents a search for the

t

-channel exchange of an

R

-parity violating scalar top quark

(

t

˜

) in the

e

±

_µ

∓

_{continuum using 2.1 fb}

−1

_{of data collected by the ATLAS detector in}

√

_{s = 7}

_TeV

_pp

collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Data are found to be consistent with the expectation from the

Standard Model backgrounds. Limits on

R

-parity-violating couplings at 95% C.L. are calculated as a

function of the scalar top mass (

m

_˜t

). The upper limits on the production cross section for

pp → eµX

,

through the

t

-channel exchange of a scalar top quark, ranges from 170 fb for

m

˜t

= 95

GeV to 30 fb

(will be inserted by the editor)

Search for Lepton Flavour Violation in the eµ Continuum with

the ATLAS Detector in

√

s = 7 TeV pp Collisions at the LHC

The ATLAS Collaboration

CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] March 3, 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a search for the t-channel exchange of an R-parity violating scalar top quark (˜t) in the e±_µ∓_{continuum using 2.1 fb}−1_{of data collected by the ATLAS detector in}√_{s = 7 TeV}

pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Data are found to be consistent with the expectation from the Standard Model backgrounds. Limits on R-parity-violating couplings at 95% C.L. are calculated as a function of the scalar top mass (m˜t). The upper limits on the production cross section for pp → eµX,

through the t-channel exchange of a scalar top quark, ranges from 170 fb for m˜t = 95 GeV to 30 fb for

m˜t= 1000 GeV.

1 Introduction

In the Standard Model (SM), direct production of e±_µ∓

(eµ) pairs is forbidden in pp collisions due to lepton flavour conservation. However, in many extensions of the SM, lep-ton flavour violation (LFV) is permitted. In particular, R-parity-violating (RPV) supersymmetric (SUSY) mod-els, LFV leptoquarks, and models with additional gauge symmetry allow LFV. Previous searches by the CDF, D0, and ATLAS Collaborations [1–7] have focused on reso-nant production of a heavy neutral particle which decays into an eµ pair and have set limits on these models. In addition to resonant eµ production, RPV SUSY models also allow for LFV interactions through the t-channel ex-change of a scalar quark. The corresponding Lagrangian term for these RPV processes [8] is W = −λ′

ijku˜jd¯kℓi,

where ˜u denotes the up-type squark field, d is the down-type quark field, ℓ represents the lepton field, and λ′_{is the}

coupling at the production vertex. The indices i, j, k refer to fermion generations. This superpotential couples an up-type squark to a down-up-type quark and a lepton, allowing for production of eµ pairs through the t-channel exchange of an up-type squark. This paper presents a search for this process in the eµ continuum using 2.1 fb−1_{of pp collision}

data at√s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

The cross section for this process is expected to be dominated by the lightest up-type squark, which is taken to be the scalar top quark (˜t) in this analysis. The Feyn-man diagram for the dominant process, d ¯d → e−_µ+_through

the t-channel exchange of a ˜t, is shown in Fig. 1. The leading-order (LO) partonic differential cross section is calculated as dˆσ/dˆt = |λ′

131λ′231|2ˆt2/[64Ncπˆs2 ˆt − m2˜t

2 ], where ˆs and ˆt are the usual Mandelstam variables in the d ¯d centre-of-mass frame, Nc= 3 is the colour factor, m˜tis

the scalar top mass, and λ′

131(λ′231) is the coupling for the

vertex d˜te− _(µ+_{t ¯˜d). The process where the final state}

lep-tons have opposite charges to those in Fig. 1 has the same cross section. Diagrams with the d and ¯d independently replaced by s and ¯s quarks are also allowed. The form of the cross section for these diagrams is the same, but the indices on the λ′ _{couplings are different. In the case}

of s¯s → µ±_e∓_{, the cross section depends on |λ}′

132λ′232|.

For d¯s → µ+_e− _{and s ¯d → µ}−_e+_{, the cross section}

de-pends on |λ′

131λ′232|. Lastly, diagrams with s ¯d → µ+e−

and d¯s → µ−_e+ depend on |λ′ 231λ′132|. t ~ d d -e + µ 131 ’ λ 231 ’ λ

Fig. 1. The Feynman diagram for d ¯d → e−_µ+ _production

through the t-channel exchange of a scalar top quark.

Strong limits on RPV couplings have been obtained from low-energy searches [9, 10], such as µ → eγ, µ − e conversion on nuclei and Z → eµ, where superparticles appear in the intermediate state, often in loops. The pres-ence of multiple interfering amplitudes makes the extrac-tion of limits difficult, and it is usually assumed that a single product of couplings dominates. The interference of different diagrams could weaken the limits on a spe-cific product of couplings. Also, these limits depend on

unknown superparticle masses (including ones other than the scalar top), sometimes in a complex manner.

The HERA experiments searched for an LFV lepto-quark in the process ep → µX [11, 12]. These studies also place limits on a potential RPV scalar top. At lower masses (less than about 300 GeV), there would be copi-ous s-channel production, and placing limits on specific couplings depends on assumptions about the stop decays. At higher masses, the HERA searches are sensitive to u-channel exchange, which can be directly compared to this analysis. The sensitivity of the measurement in this paper is slightly better than at HERA for masses above about 300 GeV. The HERA experiments also searched for scalar top production in both the RPV and gauge boson decay channels [13,14]. Such searches assumed the RPV coupling involved in the scalar top production, λ′

131, to be

domi-nant and cannot be directly compared with the results of this paper.

Direct searches at hadron colliders and at HERA for lepton-flavour-conserving scalar leptoquarks [15–24] are also relevant to the search here. The interpretation of such results as limits on a scalar top depends, as for the LFV leptoquarks, on the decay branching ratios to the leptons and quarks and hence on assumptions about the other possible decays. Present limits on such leptoquarks at the scalar top masses considered here do not preclude the sig-nal sought in this asig-nalysis.

The limits on the couplings associated with the d¯s and s ¯d processes are two orders of magnitude lower than those for the d ¯d and s¯s couplings [9]. Therefore dominance by same flavour quark scattering processes is assumed in this analysis. As a result, the production cross section for pp → eµX, due to the t-channel exchange of a scalar top quark, depends on λ′

131, λ′231, λ′132, λ′232, and mt˜.

2 Detector and Data Sample

The ATLAS detector [25] is a multi-purpose particle de-tector with a forward-backward symmetric cylindrical ge-ometry and almost 4π coverage in solid angle [26]. The inner tracking detector (ID) covers |η| < 2.5 in pseudo-rapidity η and consists of a silicon pixel detector, a sili-con microstrip detector, and a transition radiation tracker. The ID is surrounded by a thin superconducting solenoid providing a 2 T magnetic field and by a hermetic calorime-ter system, which provides three-dimensional reconstruc-tion of particle showers up to |η| = 4.9. The muon spec-trometer (MS) is based on one barrel and two endcap air-core toroids, each consisting of eight superconducting coils arranged symmetrically in azimuth around the calorime-ter. Three layers of precision tracking stations, consisting of drift tubes and cathode strip chambers, allow precise muon momentum measurement up to |η| = 2.7. Resistive plate and thin-gap chambers provide muon triggering ca-pability up to |η| = 2.4.

The pp collision data used in this analysis were recorded between March and August 2011 at a centre-of-mass en-ergy of 7 TeV. After applying data quality requirements, the total integrated luminosity of the dataset used in this

analysis is 2.08 ± 0.08 fb−1_{[27]. Events are required to}

sat-isfy one of the single-lepton (e or µ) triggers. For electrons, the threshold on the transverse energy (ET) is 20 GeV

or 22 GeV depending on run periods, and for muons the threshold on the transverse momentum (pT) is 18 GeV.

3 Event Preselection

The event preselection requires a primary vertex with at least three associated tracks with pT > 0.5 GeV and

ex-actly one electron and one muon of opposite charge. Elec-tron candidates are selected from clustered energy de-posits in the electromagnetic calorimeter with an asso-ciated track reconstructed in the ID. They are required to have ET > 25 GeV and to lie inside the

pseudorapid-ity regions |η| < 1.37 or 1.52 < |η| < 2.47. Electrons are further required to satisfy a stringent set of identifica-tion requirements based on the calorimeter shower shape, track quality and track matching with the calorimeter en-ergy cluster, referred to as ‘tight’ in Ref. [28]. Muons are reconstructed by combining tracks in the ID and MS with pT> 25 GeV and |η| < 2.4. Electrons are rejected if they

are located within a cone of ∆R =p(∆η)2_{+ (∆φ)}2_{= 0.2}

around a muon, where ∆η and ∆φ are the pseudorapid-ity and azimuthal opening angle difference between the electron and muon.

To suppress backgrounds from W/Z+jets and multi-jets, isolation requirements on tracks and calorimeter de-posits are applied to the leptons. The scalar sum of the transverse momenta of tracks within a cone of ∆R = 0.2 around the lepton must be less than 10% of the lepton’s pT. Similarly, the transverse energy in the calorimeter

within a cone of ∆R = 0.2 around the lepton are required to be less than 15% of the lepton’s transverse energy. Cor-rections are applied to account for energy leakage and en-ergy deposition inside the isolation cone due to additional pp collisions.

Jets are reconstructed from calibrated clusters using the anti-ktalgorithm [29] with a radius parameter of 0.4.

Jet energies are calibrated using ET- and η-dependent

cor-rection factors based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and validated by test beam and collision data studies [30]. Only jets with pT> 30 GeV and |η| < 2.5 are considered.

If such a jet and an electron lie within ∆R = 0.2 of each other, the jet is discarded.

The measurement of missing transverse momentum [31] (Emiss

T ) is based on the transverse momenta of the

elec-tron and muon candidates, all jets, and all energy clusters with |η| < 4.5 not associated to such objects.

4 Background and Simulation

The SM processes that can produce an eµ signature are predominantly t¯t, Z/γ∗_{→ ττ, diboson, single top, W/Z+jets,}

W/Z+γ and multijet events. All of these processes, ex-cept W/Z+jets and multijet production, are estimated using Monte Carlo samples generated at√s = 7 TeV fol-lowed by a detailed geant4-based [32] simulation of the

ATLAS detector [33]. To improve the agreement between data and simulation, selection efficiencies are measured in both data and simulation, and correction factors are applied to the simulation. Furthermore, the simulation is tuned to reproduce the calorimeter energy and the muon momentum scale and resolution. Top production is gener-ated with mc@nlo [34] for t¯t and single top, the Drell-Yan process is generated with pythia [35], and the diboson processes are generated with herwig [36]. The W/Z + γ background comes from the W (→ µν)γ and Z(→ µµ)γ processes, which is estimated using events generated with madgraph _{[37]. The simulation samples are normalized} to cross sections with higher-order corrections applied.

The ˜t signal samples are produced with the pythia event generator [35] with |λ′

131λ′231| = |λ′132λ′232| = 0.05

and the value of m˜tis varied from 95 GeV, which is the

most stringent limit from previous experiments [38], to 1000 GeV. The central CTEQ6L1 [39] parton distribution function (PDF) set is used. The LO cross section is 580 fb for m˜t= 95 GeV and 0.33 fb for m˜t= 1000 GeV.

5 Data Analysis

The production of W/Z+jets and multijets can give rise to backgrounds due to jets misidentified as leptons or non-prompt leptons from heavy-quark decays in jets. These sources are referred to as fake background and are esti-mated from data. A looser lepton quality selection (called ‘loose’ lepton here) is defined for each lepton type in addi-tion to the default tight quality selecaddi-tion. For loose muons, both the calorimeter and the track isolation requirements are removed. For loose electrons, the ‘loose’ electron iden-tification criteria as defined in Ref. [28] are used and the isolation requirements are also removed. The fake back-ground is determined by weighting the events in the loose lepton sample by the likelihood that the event came from processes with at least one misidentified or non-prompt lepton. These weights are obtained by solving a 4 × 4 ma-trix equation, constructed from the ET- or pT-dependent

probabilities for a prompt or fake/non-prompt lepton that passes the loose lepton requirement to also pass the tight lepton requirement. More details about the 4 × 4 matrix method are given in Ref. [7].

The middle column of Table 1 gives the number of events in the data and the estimated background contribu-tions with their total uncertainties after the event preselec-tion. A total of 5387 eµ candidates are observed with 5300 ± 400 events expected from SM processes. The number of expected signal events is shown for m˜_t = 95, 250, 500,

and 1000 GeV, assuming |λ′

131λ′231| = |λ′132λ′232| = 0.05.

Figure 2 shows the comparison between data and the ex-pected SM background for the dilepton invariant mass (meµ), their azimuthal opening angle (∆φeµ), ETmiss and

the number of jets. A good description of the data by the expected SM background is observed.

To increase the signal purity, the preselected events are required to have zero jets, meµ > 100 GeV, ∆φeµ > 3.0

rad and Emiss

T < 25 GeV. This selection was optimized

using the signal sample with m˜t = 95 GeV which is the

Table 1. Number of events observed in data, the estimated backgrounds, and expected number of signal events, assuming |λ′131λ′231| = |λ′132λ′232| = 0.05, with their combined systematic

and statistical uncertainties for the preselected sample and the final selected sample. The number of signal and background events has been rounded.

Process Preselection Final selection

W W 640 ± 50 23.4 ± 3.3 Z/γ∗_{→ τ τ 1210 ± 110 10 ± 4} Fake Background 290 ± 40 9.6 ± 1.9 W Z 36 ± 4 0.76 ± 0.31 t¯t 2800 ± 400 0.25 ± 0.17 Single top 270 ± 40 0.22 ± 0.20 W/Z + γ 20 ± 7 0.04 ± 0.04 ZZ 4.0 ± 0.4 0.042 ± 0.028 Total background 5300 ± 400 44 ± 6 Data 5387 39 Signal (m˜t= 95 GeV) 240 ± 15 67 ± 5 Signal (m˜t= 250 GeV) 23.7 ± 1.4 9.3 ± 0.6 Signal (m˜t= 500 GeV) 3.05 ± 0.18 1.28 ± 0.08 Signal (mt˜= 1000 GeV) 0.305 ± 0.018 0.124 ± 0.008

most demanding in terms of signal-to-background ratio when setting limits. After applying the full selection, 39 events are observed with 44 ± 6 SM events expected. A breakdown of the SM background composition is given in the last column of Table 1. In order of importance, the dominant contributions stem from W W , τ -pair and fake background. The meµ distribution of the selected events

is shown in Fig. 3.

Systematic uncertainties on the SM background esti-mation arise from uncertainties in the estiesti-mation of the fake background (15%), the integrated luminosity (3.7%), and lepton trigger, reconstruction and identification effi-ciencies (1–2%). Uncertainties from lepton energy/momentum scale and resolution (0.5–1%), Emiss

T modelling (12%), and

jet energy scale and resolution [40] (3.6%) are also in-cluded. The SM background uncertainty in the shape of the meµ distribution used to extract the signal is

esti-mated by comparing the default W W distribution gener-ated with herwig [36] to those obtained with alpgen [41] (interfaced with jimmy [42]) and sherpa [43]. A 13% uncertainty is assigned. The uncertainties on the t¯t and single-top cross sections are 10% [44] and 9% [45], re-spectively. The theoretical uncertainties assigned to the W/Z + γ, Z/γ∗_{→ ττ, W W , W Z, and ZZ cross sections}

are 10%, 5%, 7%, 7%, and 5% respectively; these arise from the choice of PDFs, the factorization and renormal-ization scale dependence, and αsvariations.

6 Limit Setting

Since no excess is observed in data, the meµ distribution

in Figure 3, with a single bin for meµ > 400 GeV to

re-duce sensitivity to statistical fluctuations, is used to set limits on the production cross section of eµ pairs through

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Events / 25 GeV

1 10 2 10 3 10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Events / 25 GeV

1 10 2 10 3 10 = 95 GeV) t ~ Signal (m Total Background Top τ τ → * γ Z/ Fake Background Diboson ATLAS -1 Ldt = 2.1 fb

∫

[GeV]

µ e

m

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001000 Data / SM 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

/16)

π

Events / (

10 2 10 3 10 4 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

/16)

π

Events / (

10 2 10 3 10 4 10 = 95 GeV) t ~ Signal (m Total Background Top τ τ → * γ Z/ Fake Background Diboson ATLAS -1 Ldt = 2.1 fb

∫

[rad]

µ e,

φ

∆

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Data / SM 0.5 1 1.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Events / 10 GeV

1 10 2 10 3 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Events / 10 GeV

1 10 2 10 3 10 Signal (m~t= 95 GeV) Total Background Top τ τ → * γ Z/ Fake Background Diboson ATLAS -1 Ldt = 2.1 fb

∫

[GeV]

miss T

E

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Data / SM 0.5 1 1.5

Events

10 2 10 3 10 4 10

Events

10 2 10 3 10 4 10 = 95 GeV) t ~ Signal (m Total Background Top τ τ → * γ Z/ Fake Background Diboson ATLAS -1 Ldt = 2.1 fb

∫

Number of Jets

0 1 2 3 >=4 Data / SM 0.5 1 1.5

Fig. 2.Observed distributions of dilepton invariant mass (meµ), dilepton azimuthal opening angle (∆φeµ), EmissT and number

of jets after object selection (‘preselection’). The expected SM contributions, obtained as described in the text, with combined statistical and systematic uncertainties, are shown. In addition, the expected signal for m˜_t = 95 GeV is overlaid. For each

case, a plot of the ratio of observed events to the expected background is shown. The error bars on these points represent the statistical errors on the data points and the hashed boxes represent the total error (statistical and systematic) on the expected background.

t-channel exchange of ˜t in RPV SUSY models. A mod-ified frequentist approach, using a binned log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the signal-plus-background hypothesis to the background only hypothesis [46], is used to set the 95% confidence level (CL) upper limits. Confidence lev-els, CLs+b and CLb, are defined by integrating the

nor-malized probability distribution of LLR values from the observed LLR value to infinity for the two hypotheses. Since no data excess is observed, the production cross sec-tion is excluded at 95% CL when 1 − CLs+b/CLb= 0.95.

The limits take into account systematic uncertainties by convolving the Poisson probability distributions for sig-nal and background with the probability distributions for the corresponding uncertainty, which are assumed to be Gaussian.

The upper limit on the production cross section for pp → eµX through the t-channel exchange of a ˜t at 95%

CL is shown in Fig. 4(a). For a ˜t with mass of 95 GeV (1000 GeV), the limit on the production cross section is 170 (30) fb which is in agreement with the expected limit of 180+80−60 (30+11−10) fb. The theoretical cross section

for |λ′

131λ′231| = |λ′132λ′232| = 0.05 is also shown to

illus-trate the sensitivity.

The fraction of events produced by the d ¯d → eµ (s¯s → eµ) process is predicted to be fd ¯d= 0.72 (fs¯s =

0.28) using the pythia generator with the central CTEQ6L1 PDF set and with m˜_t= 95 GeV. The cross section for the

signal process is hence proportional to the PDF-weighted sum of the RPV couplings, which is fd ¯d× |λ′131λ′231|2+

fs¯s× |λ′132λ′232|2. The cross section limits set above can

be interpreted as a limit on the plane spanned by the sum of couplings and m˜_t. The resulting two-dimensional 95%

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Events / 50 GeV

1 10 2 10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Events / 50 GeV

1 10 2 10 = 95 GeV) t ~ Signal (m Total Background Top τ τ → * γ Z/ Fake Background Diboson ATLAS -1 Ldt = 2.1 fb

∫

[GeV]

µ e

m

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Data / SM 0 1 2

Fig. 3. The observed meµ distribution after applying all

se-lection criteria. The expected SM contributions, obtained as described in the text, with combined statistical and systematic uncertainties, are shown. In addition, the expected signal for mt˜= 95 GeV is overlaid. Finally, a plot of the ratio of observed

events to the expected background is shown. The error bars on these points represent the statistical errors on the data points and the hashed boxes represent the total error (statistical and systematic) on the expected background.

Assuming the equality of all couplings considered in this analysis (λ′

i3j= λ′131= λ′231= λ′132= λ′232), it is

pos-sible to compare this result with the one obtained by H1 for masses higher than the centre-of-mass collision energy of 319 GeV available at HERA. For example, at m˜t= 400

(1000) GeV this analysis sets limits on a single coupling, λ′

i3j, of 0.35 (0.70), compared to the limits set by H1

ex-periment, which are 0.38 (0.95) [11].

7 Conclusion

This paper presents a search for LFV interactions in the eµ continuum, as modelled by the t-channel exchange of a scalar top quark, using 2.1 fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC. The data are found to be consistent with the SM predictions. Upper limits are set on the production cross section for pp → eµX through the t-channel exchange of a ˜t. A two dimensional limit in the plane of the weighted sum of couplings vs m_t˜is also obtained.

Acknowledgements

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.

We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colom-bia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Repub-lic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Fed-eration; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC,

[GeV] t ~ m 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

[fb]

σ

2 10 3 10 Observed Limit Expected 95% CL Limit σ 1 ± Expected Limit σ 2 ± Expected Limit Theory ATLAS -1 Ldt = 2.1 fb

∫

| = 0.05 ’ 232 λ ’ 132 λ | = | ’ 231 λ ’ 131 λ | [GeV] t ~ m 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

[fb]

σ

2 10 3 10 (a) [GeV] t ~ m 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2 _| ’ 232 λ ’ 132 λ | × s s +f 2 _| ’ 231 λ ’ 131 λ | × d d f -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 ATLAS -1 Ldt = 2.1 fb

∫

95% CL Exclusion [GeV] t ~ m 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2 _| ’ 232 λ ’ 132 λ | × s s +f 2 _| ’ 231 λ ’ 131 λ | × d d f -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 (b)

Fig. 4. (a) The observed 95% CL upper limits on σ(pp → eµ) through the t-channel exchange of a scalar top quark as a function of m˜_t. The expected limits are also shown together with the ±1 and ±2 standard deviation uncertainty bands. The

theoretical cross section for |λ′

131λ′231| = |λ′132λ′232| = 0.05 is also shown. (b) Excluded region for the PDF weighted sum of

couplings (fd ¯d× |λ′131λ′231| 2

+ fs¯s× |λ′132λ′232| 2

Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.

The crucial computing support from all WLCG part-ners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Nether-lands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

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The ATLAS Collaboration

G. Aad48_{, B. Abbott}111_{, J. Abdallah}11_{, A.A. Abdelalim}49_{, A. Abdesselam}118_{, O. Abdinov}10_{, B. Abi}112_,

M. Abolins88_{, H. Abramowicz}153_{, H. Abreu}115_{, E. Acerbi}89a,89b_{, B.S. Acharya}164a,164b_{, D.L. Adams}24_{, T.N. Addy}56_,

J. Adelman176_{, S. Adomeit}98_{, P. Adragna}75_{, T. Adye}129_{, S. Aefsky}22_{, J.A. Aguilar-Saavedra}124b,a_{, M. Aharrouche}81_,

S.P. Ahlen21_{, F. Ahles}48_{, A. Ahmad}148_{, M. Ahsan}40_{, G. Aielli}133a,133b_{, T. Akdogan}18a_{, T.P.A. ˚Akesson}79_,

G. Akimoto155_{, A.V. Akimov}94_{, A. Akiyama}66_{, A. Aktas}48_{, M.S. Alam}1_{, M.A. Alam}76_{, S. Albrand}55_{, M. Aleksa}29_,

I.N. Aleksandrov64_{, M. Aleppo}89a,89b_{, F. Alessandria}89a_{, C. Alexa}25a_{, G. Alexander}153_{, G. Alexandre}49_,

T. Alexopoulos9_{, M. Alhroob}20_{, M. Aliev}15_{, G. Alimonti}89a_{, J. Alison}120_{, M. Aliyev}10_{, P.P. Allport}73_,

S.E. Allwood-Spiers53, J. Almond82, A. Aloisio102a,102b, R. Alon172, A. Alonso79, M.G. Alviggi102a,102b, K. Amako65, C. Amelung22_{, V.V. Ammosov}128_{, A. Amorim}124a,b_{, G. Amor´os}167_{, N. Amram}153_{, C. Anastopoulos}139_{, T. Andeen}34_,

C.F. Anders20_{, K.J. Anderson}30_{, A. Andreazza}89a,89b_{, V. Andrei}58a_{, X.S. Anduaga}70_{, A. Angerami}34_{, F. Anghinolfi}29_,

N. Anjos124a_{, A. Annovi}47_{, A. Antonaki}8_{, M. Antonelli}47_{, S. Antonelli}19a,19b_{, A. Antonov}96_{, J. Antos}144b_,

F. Anulli132a_{, S. Aoun}83_{, L. Aperio Bella}4_{, R. Apolle}118,c_{, G. Arabidze}88_{, I. Aracena}143_{, Y. Arai}65_{, A.T.H. Arce}44_,

J.P. Archambault28_{, S. Arfaoui}29,d_{, J-F. Arguin}14_{, E. Arik}18a,∗_{, M. Arik}18a_{, A.J. Armbruster}87_{, O. Arnaez}81_,

C. Arnault115_{, A. Artamonov}95_{, G. Artoni}132a,132b_{, D. Arutinov}20_{, M. Asai}143_{, S. Asai}155_{, R. Asfandiyarov}173_,

S. Ask27_{, B. ˚Asman}146a,146b_{, D. Asner}28_{, L. Asquith}5_{, K. Assamagan}24_{, A. Astbury}169_{, A. Astvatsatourov}52_,

G. Atoian176_{, B. Aubert}4_{, E. Auge}115_{, K. Augsten}127_{, M. Aurousseau}145a_{, N. Austin}73_{, G. Avolio}163_{, R. Avramidou}9_,

D. Axen168_{, G. Azuelos}93,e_{, Y. Azuma}155_{, M.A. Baak}29_{, G. Baccaglioni}89a_{, C. Bacci}134a,134b_{, A.M. Bach}14_,

H. Bachacou136_{, K. Bachas}29_{, G. Bachy}29_{, M. Backes}49_{, M. Backhaus}20_{, E. Badescu}25a_{, P. Bagnaia}132a,132b_,

S. Bahinipati2_{, Y. Bai}32a_{, D.C. Bailey}158_{, T. Bain}158_{, J.T. Baines}129_{, O.K. Baker}176_{, M.D. Baker}24_{, S. Baker}77_,

F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa29_{, E. Banas}38_{, P. Banerjee}93_{, Sw. Banerjee}169_{, D. Banfi}29_{, A. Bangert}137_,

V. Bansal169_{, H.S. Bansil}17_{, L. Barak}172_{, S.P. Baranov}94_{, A. Barbaro Galtieri}14_{, T. Barber}48_{, E.L. Barberio}86_,

D. Barberis50a,50b_{, M. Barbero}20_{, D.Y. Bardin}64_{, T. Barillari}99_{, M. Barisonzi}175_{, T. Barklow}143_{, N. Barlow}27_,

B.M. Barnett129_{, R.M. Barnett}14_{, A. Baroncelli}134a_{, A.J. Barr}118_{, F. Barreiro}80_{, J. Barreiro Guimar˜aes da Costa}57_,

P. Barrillon115_{, R. Bartoldus}143_{, A.E. Barton}71_{, D. Bartsch}20_{, V. Bartsch}149_{, R.L. Bates}53_{, L. Batkova}144a_,

J.R. Batley27_{, A. Battaglia}16_{, M. Battistin}29_{, G. Battistoni}89a_{, F. Bauer}136_{, H.S. Bawa}143,f_{, B. Beare}158_{, T. Beau}78_,

P.H. Beauchemin118_{, R. Beccherle}50a_{, P. Bechtle}41_{, G.A. Beck}75_{, H.P. Beck}16_{, M. Beckingham}48_{, K.H. Becks}175_,

A.J. Beddall18c_{, A. Beddall}18c_{, S. Bedikian}176_{, V.A. Bednyakov}64_{, C.P. Bee}83_{, M. Begel}24_{, S. Behar Harpaz}152_,

P.K. Behera62_{, M. Beimforde}99_{, C. Belanger-Champagne}166_{, P.J. Bell}49_{, W.H. Bell}49_{, G. Bella}153_{, L. Bellagamba}19a_,

F. Bellina29_{, G. Bellomo}89a,89b_{, M. Bellomo}119a_{, A. Belloni}57_{, O. Beloborodova}107,g_{, K. Belotskiy}96_,

O. Beltramello29_{, S. Ben Ami}152_{, O. Benary}153_{, D. Benchekroun}135a_{, C. Benchouk}83_{, M. Bendel}81_{, B.H. Benedict}163_,

N. Benekos165_{, Y. Benhammou}153_{, D.P. Benjamin}44_{, M. Benoit}115_{, J.R. Bensinger}22_{, K. Benslama}130_,

S. Bentvelsen105_{, M. Beretta}47_{, D. Berge}29_{, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann}41_{, N. Berger}4_{, F. Berghaus}169_{, E. Berglund}49_,

J. Beringer14_{, K. Bernardet}83_{, P. Bernat}77_{, R. Bernhard}48_{, C. Bernius}24_{, T. Berry}76_{, A. Bertin}19a,19b_,

F. Bertolucci122a,122b_{, M.I. Besana}89a,89b_{, N. Besson}136_{, S. Bethke}99_{, W. Bhimji}45_{, R.M. Bianchi}29_{, M. Bianco}72a,72b_,

O. Biebel98_{, S.P. Bieniek}77_{, J. Biesiada}14_{, M. Biglietti}134a_{, H. Bilokon}47_{, M. Bindi}19a,19b_{, S. Binet}115_{, A. Bingul}18c_,

C. Bini132a,132b, C. Biscarat178, U. Bitenc48, K.M. Black21, R.E. Blair5, J.-B. Blanchard115, G. Blanchot29, C. Blocker22_{, J. Blocki}38_{, A. Blondel}49_{, W. Blum}81_{, U. Blumenschein}54_{, G.J. Bobbink}105_{, V.B. Bobrovnikov}107_,

S.S. Bocchetta79_{, A. Bocci}44_{, C.R. Boddy}118_{, M. Boehler}41_{, J. Boek}175_{, N. Boelaert}35_{, S. B¨oser}77_{, J.A. Bogaerts}29_,

A. Bogdanchikov107_{, A. Bogouch}90,∗_{, C. Bohm}146a_{, V. Boisvert}76_{, T. Bold}163,h_{, V. Boldea}25a_{, M. Bona}75_,

M. Bondioli163_{, M. Boonekamp}136_{, G. Boorman}76_{, C.N. Booth}139_{, P. Booth}139_{, S. Bordoni}78_{, C. Borer}16_,

A. Borisov128_{, G. Borissov}71_{, I. Borjanovic}12a_{, S. Borroni}132a,132b_{, K. Bos}105_{, D. Boscherini}19a_{, M. Bosman}11_,

H. Boterenbrood105_{, D. Botterill}129_{, J. Bouchami}93_{, J. Boudreau}123_{, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker}71_{, C. Boulahouache}123_,

C. Bourdarios115_{, N. Bousson}83_{, A. Boveia}30_{, J. Boyd}29_{, I.R. Boyko}64_{, N.I. Bozhko}128_{, I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic}12b_,

J. Bracinik17_{, A. Braem}29_{, E. Brambilla}72a,72b_{, P. Branchini}134a_{, A. Brandt}7_{, G. Brandt}15_{, O. Brandt}54_,

U. Bratzler156_{, B. Brau}84_{, J.E. Brau}114_{, H.M. Braun}175_{, B. Brelier}158_{, J. Bremer}29_{, R. Brenner}166_{, S. Bressler}152_,

D. Breton115_{, N.D. Brett}118_{, P.G. Bright-Thomas}17_{, D. Britton}53_{, F.M. Brochu}27_{, I. Brock}20_{, R. Brock}88_,

E. Brodet153_{, F. Broggi}89a_{, C. Bromberg}88_{, G. Brooijmans}34_{, W.K. Brooks}31b_{, G. Brown}82_{, E. Brubaker}30_,

P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom38_{, D. Bruncko}144b_{, R. Bruneliere}48_{, S. Brunet}60_{, A. Bruni}19a_{, G. Bruni}19a_,

M. Bruschi19a_{, T. Buanes}13_{, F. Bucci}49_{, J. Buchanan}118_{, N.J. Buchanan}2_{, P. Buchholz}141_{, R.M. Buckingham}118_,

A.G. Buckley45_{, S.I. Buda}25a_{, I.A. Budagov}64_{, B. Budick}108_{, V. B¨uscher}81_{, L. Bugge}117_{, D. Buira-Clark}118_,

E.J. Buis105_{, O. Bulekov}96_{, M. Bunse}42_{, T. Buran}117_{, H. Burckhart}29_{, S. Burdin}73_{, T. Burgess}13_{, S. Burke}129_,

E. Busato33_{, P. Bussey}53_{, C.P. Buszello}166_{, B. Butler}143_{, J.M. Butler}21_{, C.M. Buttar}53_{, J.M. Butterworth}77_,

W. Buttinger27_{, T. Byatt}77_{, J. Caballero}24_{, S. Cabrera Urb´an}167_{, M. Caccia}89a,89b_{, D. Caforio}19a,19b_{, O. Cakir}3a_,

P. Calafiura14_{, G. Calderini}78_{, P. Calfayan}98_{, R. Calkins}106_{, L.P. Caloba}23a_{, R. Caloi}132a,132b_{, D. Calvet}33_,

S. Calvet33, R. Camacho Toro33, A. Camard78, P. Camarri133a,133b, D. Cameron117, J. Cammin20, S. Campana29, M. Campanelli77_{, V. Canale}102a,102b_{, F. Canelli}30,i_{, A. Canepa}159a_{, J. Cantero}80_{, L. Capasso}102a,102b_,

M.D.M. Capeans Garrido29_{, I. Caprini}25a_{, M. Caprini}25a_{, D. Capriotti}99_{, M. Capua}36a,36b_{, R. Caputo}148_,

C. Carpentieri48_{, G.D. Carrillo Montoya}173_{, A.A. Carter}75_{, J.R. Carter}27_{, J. Carvalho}124a,j_{, D. Casadei}108_,

M.P. Casado11, M. Cascella122a,122b, C. Caso50a,50b,∗, A.M. Castaneda Hernandez173,k, E. Castaneda-Miranda173, V. Castillo Gimenez167_{, N.F. Castro}124a_{, G. Cataldi}72a_{, F. Cataneo}29_{, A. Catinaccio}29_{, J.R. Catmore}71_{, A. Cattai}29_,

G. Cattani133a,133b_{, S. Caughron}88_{, A. Cavallari}132a,132b_{, P. Cavalleri}78_{, D. Cavalli}89a_{, M. Cavalli-Sforza}11_,

V. Cavasinni122a,122b_{, A. Cazzato}72a,72b_{, F. Ceradini}134a,134b_{, A.S. Cerqueira}23a_{, A. Cerri}29_{, L. Cerrito}75_,

F. Cerutti47_{, S.A. Cetin}18b_{, A. Chafaq}135a_{, D. Chakraborty}106_{, K. Chan}2_{, B. Chapleau}85_{, J.D. Chapman}27_,

J.W. Chapman87_{, E. Chareyre}78_{, D.G. Charlton}17_{, V. Chavda}82_{, S. Cheatham}71_{, S. Chekanov}5_{, S.V. Chekulaev}159a_,

G.A. Chelkov64_{, M.A. Chelstowska}104_{, C. Chen}63_{, H. Chen}24_{, L. Chen}2_{, S. Chen}32c_{, X. Chen}173_{, A. Cheplakov}64_,

R. Cherkaoui El Moursli135e_{, V. Chernyatin}24_{, E. Cheu}6_{, S.L. Cheung}158_{, L. Chevalier}136_{, G. Chiefari}102a,102b_,

L. Chikovani51a_{, J.T. Childers}58a_{, A. Chilingarov}71_{, G. Chiodini}72a_{, M.V. Chizhov}64_{, G. Choudalakis}30_,

S. Chouridou137, I.A. Christidi77, A. Christov48, D. Chromek-Burckhart29, M.L. Chu151, J. Chudoba125,

G. Ciapetti132a,132b_{, K. Ciba}37_{, A.K. Ciftci}3a_{, R. Ciftci}3a_{, D. Cinca}33_{, V. Cindro}74_{, M.D. Ciobotaru}163_{, C. Ciocca}19a_,

A. Ciocio14_{, M. Cirilli}87_{, M. Citterio}89a_{, M. Ciubancan}25a_{, A. Clark}49_{, P.J. Clark}45_{, W. Cleland}123_{, J.C. Clemens}83_,

B. Clement55_{, C. Clement}146a,146b_{, R.W. Clifft}129_{, Y. Coadou}83_{, M. Cobal}164a,164c_{, A. Coccaro}50a,50b_{, J. Cochran}63_,

P. Coe118_{, S. Coelli}89a_{, J.G. Cogan}143_{, J. Coggeshall}165_{, E. Cogneras}178_{, C.D. Cojocaru}28_{, J. Colas}4_{, A.P. Colijn}105_,

C. Collard115_{, N.J. Collins}17_{, C. Collins-Tooth}53_{, J. Collot}55_{, G. Colon}84_{, R. Coluccia}72a,72b_{, G. Comune}88_{, P. Conde}

Mui˜no124a_{, E. Coniavitis}118_{, M.C. Conidi}11_{, M. Consonni}104_{, S. Constantinescu}25a_{, C. Conta}119a,119b_,

F. Conventi102a,l_{, M. Cooke}14_{, B.D. Cooper}77_{, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar}118_{, K. Copic}34_{, T. Cornelissen}50a,50b_,

M. Corradi19a_{, F. Corriveau}85,m_{, A. Corso-Radu}163_{, A. Cortes-Gonzalez}165_{, G. Cortiana}99_{, G. Costa}89a_,

M.J. Costa167_{, D. Costanzo}139_{, T. Costin}30_{, D. Cˆot´e}29_{, R. Coura Torres}23a_{, L. Courneyea}169_{, G. Cowan}76_,

C. Cowden27_{, B.E. Cox}82_{, K. Cranmer}108_{, J. Cranshaw}5_{, F. Crescioli}122a,122b_{, M. Cristinziani}20_{, G. Crosetti}36a,36b_,

R. Crupi72a,72b_{, S. Cr´ep´e-Renaudin}55_{, C. Cuenca Almenar}176_{, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann}139_{, S. Cuneo}50a,50b_,

M. Curatolo47_{, C.J. Curtis}17_{, P. Cwetanski}60_{, H. Czirr}141_{, Z. Czyczula}117_{, S. D’Auria}53_{, M. D’Onofrio}73_,

A. D’Orazio132a,132b_{, A. Da Rocha Gesualdi Mello}23a_{, C. Da Via}82_{, W. Dabrowski}37_{, A. Dahlhoff}48_{, T. Dai}87_,

C. Dallapiccola84_{, C.H. Daly}138_{, M. Dam}35_{, M. Dameri}50a,50b_{, D.S. Damiani}137_{, H.O. Danielsson}29_{, R. Dankers}105_,

D. Dannheim99_{, V. Dao}49_{, G. Darbo}50a_{, G.L. Darlea}25b_{, C. Daum}105_{, J.P. Dauvergne}29_{, W. Davey}86_{, T. Davidek}126_,

N. Davidson86_{, R. Davidson}71_{, M. Davies}93_{, A.R. Davison}77_{, E. Dawe}142_{, I. Dawson}139_,

R.K. Daya-Ishmukhametova39_{, K. De}7_{, R. de Asmundis}102a_{, S. De Castro}19a,19b_{, P.E. De Castro Faria Salgado}24_,

S. De Cecco78_{, J. de Graat}98_{, N. De Groot}104_{, P. de Jong}105_{, C. De La Taille}115_{, H. De la Torre}80_{, L. de Mora}71_,

L. De Nooij105_{, M. De Oliveira Branco}29_{, D. De Pedis}132a_{, P. de Saintignon}55_{, A. De Salvo}132a_,

U. De Sanctis164a,164c_{, A. De Santo}149_{, J.B. De Vivie De Regie}115_{, S. Dean}77_{, D.V. Dedovich}64_{, J. Degenhardt}120_,

M. Dehchar118_{, M. Deile}98_{, C. Del Papa}164a,164c_{, J. Del Peso}80_{, T. Del Prete}122a,122b_{, A. Dell’Acqua}29_,

L. Dell’Asta89a,89b_{, M. Della Pietra}102a,l_{, D. della Volpe}102a,102b_{, M. Delmastro}29_{, P. Delpierre}83_{, P.A. Delsart}55_,

C. Deluca148_{, S. Demers}176_{, M. Demichev}64_{, B. Demirkoz}11,n_{, J. Deng}163_{, W. Deng}24_{, S.P. Denisov}128_,

D. Derendarz38_{, J.E. Derkaoui}135d_{, F. Derue}78_{, P. Dervan}73_{, K. Desch}20_{, E. Devetak}148_{, P.O. Deviveiros}158_,

A. Dewhurst129_{, B. DeWilde}148_{, S. Dhaliwal}158_{, R. Dhullipudi}24,o_{, A. Di Ciaccio}133a,133b_{, L. Di Ciaccio}4_,

A. Di Girolamo29_{, B. Di Girolamo}29_{, S. Di Luise}134a,134b_{, A. Di Mattia}88_{, B. Di Micco}29_{, R. Di Nardo}133a,133b_,

A. Di Simone133a,133b_{, R. Di Sipio}19a,19b_{, M.A. Diaz}31a_{, F. Diblen}18c_{, E.B. Diehl}87_{, H. Dietl}99_{, J. Dietrich}48_,

T.A. Dietzsch58a_{, S. Diglio}115_{, K. Dindar Yagci}39_{, J. Dingfelder}20_{, C. Dionisi}132a,132b_{, P. Dita}25a_{, S. Dita}25a_,

F. Dittus29_{, F. Djama}83_{, R. Djilkibaev}108_{, T. Djobava}51b_{, M.A.B. do Vale}23a_{, A. Do Valle Wemans}124a,p_,

T.K.O. Doan4_{, M. Dobbs}85_{, R. Dobinson}29,∗_{, D. Dobos}42_{, E. Dobson}29,q_{, M. Dobson}163_{, J. Dodd}34_,

O.B. Dogan18a,∗_{, C. Doglioni}118_{, T. Doherty}53_{, Y. Doi}65,∗_{, J. Dolejsi}126_{, I. Dolenc}74_{, Z. Dolezal}126_,

B.A. Dolgoshein96,∗_{, T. Dohmae}155_{, M. Donadelli}23d_{, M. Donega}120_{, J. Donini}55_{, J. Dopke}29_{, A. Doria}102a_,

A. Dos Anjos173_{, A. Dotti}122a,122b_{, M.T. Dova}70_{, J.D. Dowell}17_{, A.D. Doxiadis}105_{, A.T. Doyle}53_{, Z. Drasal}126_,

J. Drees175_{, H. Drevermann}29_{, M. Dris}9_{, J.G. Drohan}77_{, J. Dubbert}99_{, T. Dubbs}137_{, S. Dube}14_{, E. Duchovni}172_,

G. Duckeck98_{, A. Dudarev}29_{, F. Dudziak}63_{, M. D¨uhrssen}29_{, I.P. Duerdoth}82_{, L. Duflot}115_{, M-A. Dufour}85_,

M. Dunford29_{, H. Duran Yildiz}3a_{, R. Duxfield}139_{, M. Dwuznik}37_{, F. Dydak}29_{, D. Dzahini}55_{, M. D¨uren}52_{, J. Ebke}98_,

S. Eckert48_{, S. Eckweiler}81_{, K. Edmonds}81_{, C.A. Edwards}76_{, I. Efthymiopoulos}49_{, K. Egorov}60_{, W. Ehrenfeld}41_,

T. Ehrich99, T. Eifert29, G. Eigen13, K. Einsweiler14, E. Eisenhandler75, T. Ekelof166, M. El Kacimi4, M. Ellert166, S. Elles4_{, F. Ellinghaus}81_{, K. Ellis}75_{, N. Ellis}29_{, J. Elmsheuser}98_{, M. Elsing}29_{, R. Ely}14_{, D. Emeliyanov}129_,

R. Engelmann148_{, A. Engl}98_{, B. Epp}61_{, A. Eppig}87_{, J. Erdmann}54_{, A. Ereditato}16_{, D. Eriksson}146a_{, J. Ernst}1_,

M. Ernst24_{, J. Ernwein}136_{, D. Errede}165_{, S. Errede}165_{, E. Ertel}81_{, M. Escalier}115_{, C. Escobar}167_{, X. Espinal Curull}11_,

B. Esposito47_{, F. Etienne}83_{, A.I. Etienvre}136_{, E. Etzion}153_{, D. Evangelakou}54_{, H. Evans}60_{, L. Fabbri}19a,19b_,

C. Fabre29, K. Facius35, R.M. Fakhrutdinov128, S. Falciano132a, A.C. Falou115, Y. Fang173, M. Fanti89a,89b, A. Farbin7_{, A. Farilla}134a_{, J. Farley}148_{, T. Farooque}158_{, S.M. Farrington}118_{, P. Farthouat}29_{, D. Fasching}173_,

P. Fassnacht29_{, D. Fassouliotis}8_{, B. Fatholahzadeh}158_{, A. Favareto}89a,89b_{, L. Fayard}115_{, S. Fazio}36a,36b_,

R. Febbraro33_{, P. Federic}144a_{, O.L. Fedin}121_{, I. Fedorko}29_{, W. Fedorko}88_{, M. Fehling-Kaschek}48_{, L. Feligioni}83_,

D. Fellmann5_{, C.U. Felzmann}86_{, C. Feng}32d_{, E.J. Feng}30_{, A.B. Fenyuk}128_{, J. Ferencei}144b_{, B. Fernandes}124a,b_,

M.L. Ferrer47_{, D. Ferrere}49_{, C. Ferretti}87_{, A. Ferretto Parodi}50a,50b_{, M. Fiascaris}30_{, F. Fiedler}81_{, A. Filipˇciˇc}74_,

A. Filippas9, F. Filthaut104, M. Fincke-Keeler169, M.C.N. Fiolhais124a,j, L. Fiorini11, A. Firan39, G. Fischer41, P. Fischer20_{, M.J. Fisher}109_{, S.M. Fisher}129_{, J. Flammer}29_{, M. Flechl}48_{, I. Fleck}141_{, J. Fleckner}81_,

P. Fleischmann174_{, S. Fleischmann}175_{, T. Flick}175_{, L.R. Flores Castillo}173_{, M.J. Flowerdew}99_{, F. F¨ohlisch}58a_,

T. Fonseca Martin16_{, J. Fopma}118_{, A. Formica}136_{, A. Forti}82_{, D. Fortin}159a_{, D. Fournier}115_{, A.J. Fowler}44_,

K. Fowler137_{, H. Fox}71_{, P. Francavilla}122a,122b_{, S. Franchino}119a,119b_{, D. Francis}29_{, T. Frank}172_{, M. Franklin}57_,

S. Franz29_{, M. Fraternali}119a,119b_{, S. Fratina}120_{, J. Freestone}82_{, S.T. French}27_{, R. Froeschl}29_{, D. Froidevaux}29_,

J.A. Frost27_{, C. Fukunaga}156_{, E. Fullana Torregrosa}29_{, J. Fuster}167_{, C. Gabaldon}29_{, O. Gabizon}172_{, T. Gadfort}24_,

S. Gadomski49_{, G. Gagliardi}50a,50b_{, P. Gagnon}60_{, C. Galea}98_{, E.J. Gallas}118_{, M.V. Gallas}29_{, V. Gallo}16_,

B.J. Gallop129_{, P. Gallus}125_{, E. Galyaev}40_{, K.K. Gan}109_{, Y.S. Gao}143,f_{, A. Gaponenko}14_{, F. Garberson}176_,

M. Garcia-Sciveres14, C. Garc´ıa167, J.E. Garc´ıa Navarro49, R.W. Gardner30, N. Garelli29, H. Garitaonandia105, V. Garonne29_{, J. Garvey}17_{, C. Gatti}47_{, G. Gaudio}119a_{, O. Gaumer}49_{, B. Gaur}141_{, L. Gauthier}136_{, P. Gauzzi}132a,132b_,

I.L. Gavrilenko94_{, C. Gay}168_{, G. Gaycken}20_{, E.N. Gazis}9_{, P. Ge}32d_{, C.N.P. Gee}129_{, D.A.A. Geerts}105_,

Ch. Geich-Gimbel20_{, K. Gellerstedt}146a,146b_{, C. Gemme}50a_{, A. Gemmell}53_{, M.H. Genest}98_{, S. Gentile}132a,132b_,

M. George54_{, S. George}76_{, P. Gerlach}175_{, A. Gershon}153_{, C. Geweniger}58a_{, H. Ghazlane}135b_{, N. Ghodbane}33_,

B. Giacobbe19a_{, S. Giagu}132a,132b_{, V. Giakoumopoulou}8_{, V. Giangiobbe}122a,122b_{, F. Gianotti}29_{, B. Gibbard}24_,

A. Gibson158_{, S.M. Gibson}29_{, G.F. Gieraltowski}5_{, M. Gilchriese}14_{, D. Gillberg}28_{, A.R. Gillman}129_{, D.M. Gingrich}2,e_,

J. Ginzburg153_{, N. Giokaris}8_{, M.P. Giordani}164c_{, R. Giordano}102a,102b_{, F.M. Giorgi}15_{, P. Giovannini}99_,

P.F. Giraud136_{, D. Giugni}89a_{, P. Giusti}19a_{, B.K. Gjelsten}117_{, L.K. Gladilin}97_{, C. Glasman}80_{, J. Glatzer}48_,

A. Glazov41_{, K.W. Glitza}175_{, G.L. Glonti}64_{, J. Godfrey}142_{, J. Godlewski}29_{, M. Goebel}41_{, T. G¨opfert}43_,

C. Goeringer81_{, C. G¨ossling}42_{, T. G¨ottfert}99_{, S. Goldfarb}87_{, D. Goldin}39_{, T. Golling}176_{, S.N. Golovnia}128_,

A. Gomes124a,b_{, L.S. Gomez Fajardo}41_{, R. Gon¸calo}76_{, J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino Da Costa}41_{, L. Gonella}20_,

S. Gonzalez173_{, S. Gonz´alez de la Hoz}167_{, M.L. Gonzalez Silva}26_{, S. Gonzalez-Sevilla}49_{, J.J. Goodson}148_,

L. Goossens29_{, P.A. Gorbounov}95_{, H.A. Gordon}24_{, I. Gorelov}103_{, G. Gorfine}175_{, B. Gorini}29_{, E. Gorini}72a,72b_,

A. Goriˇsek74_{, E. Gornicki}38_{, S.A. Gorokhov}128_{, B. Gosdzik}41_{, M. Gosselink}105_{, M.I. Gostkin}64_{, M. Gouan`ere}4_,

I. Gough Eschrich163_{, M. Gouighri}135a_{, D. Goujdami}135a_{, M.P. Goulette}49_{, A.G. Goussiou}138_{, C. Goy}4_,

I. Grabowska-Bold163,h_{, V. Grabski}177_{, P. Grafstr¨om}29_{, C. Grah}175_{, K-J. Grahn}147_{, F. Grancagnolo}72a_,

S. Grancagnolo15_{, V. Grassi}148_{, V. Gratchev}121_{, N. Grau}34_{, H.M. Gray}29_{, J.A. Gray}148_{, E. Graziani}134a_,

O.G. Grebenyuk121_{, B. Green}76_{, D. Greenfield}129_{, T. Greenshaw}73_{, Z.D. Greenwood}24,o_{, I.M. Gregor}41_,

P. Grenier143_{, E. Griesmayer}46_{, J. Griffiths}138_{, N. Grigalashvili}64_{, A.A. Grillo}137_{, S. Grinstein}11_{, Y.V. Grishkevich}97_,

J.-F. Grivaz115_{, J. Grognuz}29_{, M. Groh}99_{, E. Gross}172_{, J. Grosse-Knetter}54_{, J. Groth-Jensen}79_{, M. Gruwe}29_,

K. Grybel141_{, D. Guest}176_{, C. Guicheney}33_{, A. Guida}72a,72b_{, S. Guindon}54_{, H. Guler}85,r_{, J. Gunther}125_{, B. Guo}158_,

J. Guo34_{, Y. Gusakov}64_{, V.N. Gushchin}128_{, A. Gutierrez}93_{, P. Gutierrez}111_{, N. Guttman}153_{, O. Gutzwiller}173_,

C. Guyot136_{, C. Gwenlan}118_{, C.B. Gwilliam}73_{, A. Haas}143_{, S. Haas}29_{, C. Haber}14_{, H.K. Hadavand}39_{, D.R. Hadley}17_,

P. Haefner99_{, F. Hahn}29_{, S. Haider}29_{, Z. Hajduk}38_{, H. Hakobyan}177_{, J. Haller}54_{, K. Hamacher}175_{, P. Hamal}113_,

A. Hamilton49_{, S. Hamilton}161_{, L. Han}32b_{, K. Hanagaki}116_{, M. Hance}120_{, C. Handel}81_{, P. Hanke}58a_{, C.J. Hansen}166_,

J.R. Hansen35_{, J.B. Hansen}35_{, J.D. Hansen}35_{, P.H. Hansen}35_{, P. Hansson}143_{, K. Hara}160_{, G.A. Hare}137_,

T. Harenberg175_{, D. Harper}87_{, R.D. Harrington}21_{, O.M. Harris}138_{, K. Harrison}17_{, J. Hartert}48_{, F. Hartjes}105_,

T. Haruyama65_{, A. Harvey}56_{, S. Hasegawa}101_{, Y. Hasegawa}140_{, S. Hassani}136_{, S. Haug}16_{, M. Hauschild}29_,

R. Hauser88_{, M. Havranek}20_{, B.M. Hawes}118_{, C.M. Hawkes}17_{, R.J. Hawkings}29_{, D. Hawkins}163_{, T. Hayakawa}66_,

D. Hayden76_{, H.S. Hayward}73_{, S.J. Haywood}129_{, M. He}32d_{, S.J. Head}17_{, V. Hedberg}79_{, L. Heelan}7_{, S. Heim}88_,

B. Heinemann14_{, S. Heisterkamp}35_{, L. Helary}4_{, M. Heldmann}48_{, M. Heller}29_{, S. Hellman}146a,146b_{, C. Helsens}11_,

T. Hemperek20_{, R.C.W. Henderson}71_{, M. Henke}58a_{, A. Henrichs}54_{, A.M. Henriques Correia}29_{, S. Henrot-Versille}115_,

F. Henry-Couannier83_{, C. Hensel}54_{, T. Henß}175_{, Y. Hern´andez Jim´enez}167_{, R. Herrberg}15_{, A.D. Hershenhorn}152_,

G. Herten48_{, R. Hertenberger}98_{, L. Hervas}29_{, N.P. Hessey}105_{, A. Hidvegi}146a_{, E. Hig´on-Rodriguez}167_{, J.C. Hill}27_,

K.H. Hiller41_{, S. Hillert}20_{, S.J. Hillier}17_{, I. Hinchliffe}14_{, E. Hines}120_{, M. Hirose}116_{, F. Hirsch}42_{, D. Hirschbuehl}175_,

J. Hobbs148_{, N. Hod}153_{, M.C. Hodgkinson}139_{, P. Hodgson}139_{, A. Hoecker}29_{, M.R. Hoeferkamp}103_{, J. Hoffman}39_,

D. Hoffmann83_{, M. Hohlfeld}81_{, M. Holder}141_{, A. Holmes}118_{, S.O. Holmgren}146a_{, T. Holy}127_{, J.L. Holzbauer}88_,

Y. Homma66, L. Hooft van Huysduynen108, T. Horazdovsky127, C. Horn143, S. Horner48, K. Horton118,

J-Y. Hostachy55_{, T. Hott}99_{, S. Hou}151_{, A. Hoummada}135a_{, J. Howarth}82_{, I. Hristova}15_{, J. Hrivnac}115_{, I. Hruska}125_,

T. Hryn’ova4_{, P.J. Hsu}176_{, S.-C. Hsu}14_{, G.S. Huang}111_{, Z. Hubacek}127_{, F. Hubaut}83_{, F. Huegging}20_,

T.B. Huffman118_{, E.W. Hughes}34_{, G. Hughes}71_{, M. Huhtinen}29_{, M. Hurwitz}14_{, U. Husemann}41_{, N. Huseynov}64,s_,

J. Huston88_{, J. Huth}57_{, G. Iacobucci}102a_{, G. Iakovidis}9_{, M. Ibbotson}82_{, I. Ibragimov}141_{, R. Ichimiya}66_,

L. Iconomidou-Fayard115, J. Idarraga115, M. Idzik37, P. Iengo102a, O. Igonkina105, Y. Ikegami65, M. Ikeno65, Y. Ilchenko39_{, D. Iliadis}154_{, D. Imbault}78_{, M. Imhaeuser}175_{, T. Ince}20_{, J. Inigo-Golfin}29_{, P. Ioannou}8_{, M. Iodice}134a_,

G. Ionescu4_{, A. Irles Quiles}167_{, K. Ishii}65_{, A. Ishikawa}66_{, M. Ishino}65_{, R. Ishmukhametov}39_{, C. Issever}118_{, S. Istin}18a_,

Y. Itoh101_{, A.V. Ivashin}128_{, W. Iwanski}38_{, H. Iwasaki}65_{, J.M. Izen}40_{, V. Izzo}102a_{, B. Jackson}120_{, J.N. Jackson}73_,

P. Jackson143_{, M.R. Jaekel}29_{, V. Jain}60_{, K. Jakobs}48_{, S. Jakobsen}35_{, J. Jakubek}127_{, D.K. Jana}111_{, E. Jankowski}158_,

P. Jeˇz35_{, S. J´ez´equel}4_{, M.K. Jha}19a_{, H. Ji}173_{, W. Ji}81_{, J. Jia}148_{, Y. Jiang}32b_{, M. Jimenez Belenguer}41_{, S. Jin}32a_,

O. Jinnouchi157, M.D. Joergensen35, D. Joffe39, L.G. Johansen13, M. Johansen146a,146b, K.E. Johansson146a, P. Johansson139_{, S. Johnert}41_{, K.A. Johns}6_{, K. Jon-And}146a,146b_{, G. Jones}82_{, R.W.L. Jones}71_{, T.J. Jones}73_,

C. Joram29_{, P.M. Jorge}124a_{, J. Joseph}14_{, X. Ju}130_{, V. Juranek}125_{, P. Jussel}61_{, S. Kabana}16_{, M. Kaci}167_,

A. Kaczmarska38_{, P. Kadlecik}35_{, M. Kado}115_{, H. Kagan}109_{, M. Kagan}57_{, S. Kaiser}99_{, E. Kajomovitz}152_,

S. Kalinin175_{, L.V. Kalinovskaya}64_{, S. Kama}39_{, N. Kanaya}155_{, M. Kaneda}155_{, T. Kanno}157_{, V.A. Kantserov}96_,

J. Kanzaki65_{, B. Kaplan}176_{, A. Kapliy}30_{, J. Kaplon}29_{, D. Kar}43_{, M. Karagounis}20_{, M. Karagoz}118_{, M. Karnevskiy}41_,

K. Karr5_{, V. Kartvelishvili}71_{, A.N. Karyukhin}128_{, L. Kashif}173_{, A. Kasmi}39_{, R.D. Kass}109_{, A. Kastanas}13_,

M. Kataoka4_{, Y. Kataoka}155_{, E. Katsoufis}9_{, J. Katzy}41_{, V. Kaushik}6_{, K. Kawagoe}66_{, T. Kawamoto}155_,

G. Kawamura81_{, M.S. Kayl}105_{, V.A. Kazanin}107_{, M.Y. Kazarinov}64_{, S.I. Kazi}86_{, J.R. Keates}82_{, R. Keeler}169_,

R. Kehoe39, M. Keil54, G.D. Kekelidze64, M. Kelly82, J. Kennedy98, C.J. Kenney143, M. Kenyon53, O. Kepka125, N. Kerschen29_{, B.P. Kerˇsevan}74_{, S. Kersten}175_{, K. Kessoku}155_{, C. Ketterer}48_{, F. Khalil-zada}10_{, H. Khandanyan}165_,

A. Khanov112_{, D. Kharchenko}64_{, A. Khodinov}96_{, A. Khomich}58a_{, T.J. Khoo}27_{, G. Khoriauli}20_{, V. Khovanskiy}95_,

E. Khramov64_{, J. Khubua}51b_{, G. Kilvington}76_{, H. Kim}7_{, M.S. Kim}2_{, P.C. Kim}143_{, S.H. Kim}160_{, N. Kimura}171_,

O. Kind15_{, B.T. King}73_{, M. King}66_{, R.S.B. King}118_{, J. Kirk}129_{, G.P. Kirsch}118_{, L.E. Kirsch}22_{, A.E. Kiryunin}99_,

D. Kisielewska37_{, T. Kittelmann}123_{, A.M. Kiver}128_{, H. Kiyamura}66_{, E. Kladiva}144b_{, J. Klaiber-Lodewigs}42_,

M. Klein73_{, U. Klein}73_{, K. Kleinknecht}81_{, M. Klemetti}85_{, A. Klier}172_{, A. Klimentov}24_{, R. Klingenberg}42_,

E.B. Klinkby35_{, T. Klioutchnikova}29_{, P.F. Klok}104_{, S. Klous}105_{, E.-E. Kluge}58a_{, T. Kluge}73_{, P. Kluit}105_{, S. Kluth}99_,

N.S. Knecht158_{, E. Kneringer}61_{, E.B.F.G. Knoops}83_{, A. Knue}54_{, B.R. Ko}44_{, T. Kobayashi}155_{, M. Kobel}43_,

B. Koblitz29_{, M. Kocian}143_{, A. Kocnar}113_{, P. Kodys}126_{, K. K¨oneke}29_{, A.C. K¨onig}104_{, S. Koenig}81_{, S. K¨onig}48_,

L. K¨opke81_{, F. Koetsveld}104_{, P. Koevesarki}20_{, T. Koffas}29_{, E. Koffeman}105_{, F. Kohn}54_{, Z. Kohout}127_{, T. Kohriki}65_,

T. Koi143_{, G.M. Kolachev}107_{, H. Kolanoski}15_{, V. Kolesnikov}64_{, I. Koletsou}89a_{, J. Koll}88_{, D. Kollar}29_{, M. Kollefrath}48_,

S.D. Kolya82_{, A.A. Komar}94_{, J.R. Komaragiri}142_{, T. Kondo}65_{, T. Kono}41,t_{, A.I. Kononov}48_{, R. Konoplich}108,u_,

N. Konstantinidis77_{, A. Kootz}175_{, S. Koperny}37_{, S.V. Kopikov}128_{, K. Korcyl}38_{, K. Kordas}154_{, A. Korn}14_,

A. Korol107_{, I. Korolkov}11_{, E.V. Korolkova}139_{, V.A. Korotkov}128_{, O. Kortner}99_{, S. Kortner}99_{, V.V. Kostyukhin}20_,

S. Kotov99_{, V.M. Kotov}64_{, C. Kourkoumelis}8_{, V. Kouskoura}154_{, A. Koutsman}105_{, R. Kowalewski}169_{, H. Kowalski}41_,

T.Z. Kowalski37_{, W. Kozanecki}136_{, A.S. Kozhin}128_{, V. Kral}127_{, V.A. Kramarenko}97_{, G. Kramberger}74_{, O. Krasel}42_,

M.W. Krasny78_{, A. Krasznahorkay}108_{, J. Kraus}88_{, A. Kreisel}153_{, F. Krejci}127_{, J. Kretzschmar}73_{, N. Krieger}54_,

P. Krieger158_{, K. Kroeninger}54_{, H. Kroha}99_{, J. Kroll}120_{, J. Kroseberg}20_{, J. Krstic}12a_{, U. Kruchonak}64_{, H. Kr¨uger}20_,

Z.V. Krumshteyn64_{, A. Kruth}20_{, T. Kubota}155_{, S. Kuehn}48_{, A. Kugel}58c_{, T. Kuhl}175_{, D. Kuhn}61_{, V. Kukhtin}64_,

Y. Kulchitsky90_{, S. Kuleshov}31b_{, C. Kummer}98_{, M. Kuna}78_{, N. Kundu}118_{, J. Kunkle}120_{, A. Kupco}125_,

H. Kurashige66_{, M. Kurata}160_{, Y.A. Kurochkin}90_{, V. Kus}125_{, W. Kuykendall}138_{, M. Kuze}157_{, P. Kuzhir}91_,

O. Kvasnicka125_{, J. Kvita}29_{, R. Kwee}15_{, A. La Rosa}29_{, L. La Rotonda}36a,36b_{, L. Labarga}80_{, J. Labbe}4_{, S. Lablak}135a_,

C. Lacasta167_{, F. Lacava}132a,132b_{, H. Lacker}15_{, D. Lacour}78_{, V.R. Lacuesta}167_{, E. Ladygin}64_{, R. Lafaye}4_,

B. Laforge78_{, T. Lagouri}80_{, S. Lai}48_{, E. Laisne}55_{, M. Lamanna}29_{, C.L. Lampen}6_{, W. Lampl}6_{, E. Lancon}136_,

U. Landgraf48_{, M.P.J. Landon}75_{, H. Landsman}152_{, J.L. Lane}82_{, C. Lange}41_{, A.J. Lankford}163_{, F. Lanni}24_,

K. Lantzsch175_{, A. Lanza}119a_{, V.V. Lapin}128,∗_{, S. Laplace}78_{, C. Lapoire}20_{, J.F. Laporte}136_{, T. Lari}89a_{, A. Larner}118_,

M. Lassnig29_{, W. Lau}118_{, P. Laurelli}47_{, A. Lavorato}118_{, W. Lavrijsen}14_{, P. Laycock}73_{, A. Lazzaro}89a,89b_,

O. Le Dortz78_{, E. Le Guirriec}83_{, C. Le Maner}158_{, E. Le Menedeu}136_{, M. Leahu}29_{, A. Lebedev}63_{, T. LeCompte}5_,

F. Ledroit-Guillon55_{, H. Lee}105_{, J.S.H. Lee}150_{, S.C. Lee}151_{, L. Lee}176_{, M. Lefebvre}169_{, M. Legendre}136_,

B.C. LeGeyt120_{, F. Legger}98_{, C. Leggett}14_{, M. Lehmacher}20_{, G. Lehmann Miotto}29_{, X. Lei}6_{, M.A.L. Leite}23d_,

R. Leitner126_{, D. Lellouch}172_{, V. Lendermann}58a_{, K.J.C. Leney}145b_{, T. Lenz}175_{, G. Lenzen}175_{, B. Lenzi}136_,

K. Leonhardt43_{, S. Leontsinis}9_{, C. Leroy}93_{, J-R. Lessard}169_{, J. Lesser}146a_{, C.G. Lester}27_{, A. Leung Fook Cheong}173_,

J. Levˆeque4_{, D. Levin}87_{, L.J. Levinson}172_{, M. Lewandowska}21_{, G.H. Lewis}108_{, M. Leyton}15_{, B. Li}83_{, H. Li}173,v_,

S. Li32b,d_{, X. Li}87_{, Z. Liang}39_{, Z. Liang}118,w_{, B. Liberti}133a_{, P. Lichard}29_{, M. Lichtnecker}98_{, K. Lie}165_{, W. Liebig}13_,

R. Lifshitz152_{, C. Limbach}20_{, A. Limosani}86_{, M. Limper}62_{, S.C. Lin}151,x_{, F. Linde}105_{, J.T. Linnemann}88_,

E. Lipeles120_{, L. Lipinsky}125_{, A. Lipniacka}13_{, T.M. Liss}165_{, D. Lissauer}24_{, A. Lister}49_{, A.M. Litke}137_{, C. Liu}28_,

D. Liu151,v_{, H. Liu}87_{, J.B. Liu}87_{, M. Liu}32b_{, S. Liu}2_{, Y. Liu}32b_{, M. Livan}119a,119b_{, S.S.A. Livermore}118_{, A. Lleres}55_,

S.L. Lloyd75, E. Lobodzinska41, P. Loch6, W.S. Lockman137, S. Lockwitz176, T. Loddenkoetter20, F.K. Loebinger82, A. Loginov176_{, C.W. Loh}168_{, T. Lohse}15_{, K. Lohwasser}48_{, M. Lokajicek}125_{, V.P. Lombardo}89a_{, R.E. Long}71_,

L. Lopes124a,b_{, D. Lopez Mateos}34,y_{, M. Losada}162_{, P. Loscutoff}14_{, F. Lo Sterzo}132a,132b_{, M.J. Losty}159a_{, X. Lou}40_,

A. Lounis115_{, K.F. Loureiro}162_{, J. Love}21_{, P.A. Love}71_{, A.J. Lowe}143,f_{, F. Lu}32a_{, J. Lu}2_{, L. Lu}39_{, H.J. Lubatti}138_,

C. Luci132a,132b_{, A. Lucotte}55_{, A. Ludwig}43_{, D. Ludwig}41_{, I. Ludwig}48_{, J. Ludwig}48_{, F. Luehring}60_{, G. Luijckx}105_,

D. Lumb48, L. Luminari132a, E. Lund117, B. Lund-Jensen147, B. Lundberg79, J. Lundberg146a,146b, J. Lundquist35, M. Lungwitz81_{, A. Lupi}122a,122b_{, D. Lynn}24_{, J. Lys}14_{, E. Lytken}79_{, H. Ma}24_{, L.L. Ma}173_{, J.A. Macana Goia}93_,

G. Maccarrone47_{, A. Macchiolo}99_{, B. Maˇcek}74_{, J. Machado Miguens}124a_{, R. Mackeprang}35_{, R.J. Madaras}14_,

W.F. Mader43_{, R. Maenner}58c_{, T. Maeno}24_{, P. M¨attig}175_{, S. M¨attig}41_{, P.J. Magalhaes Martins}124a,j_{, L. Magnoni}29_,

E. Magradze51b_{, C.A. Magrath}104_{, Y. Mahalalel}153_{, K. Mahboubi}48_{, G. Mahout}17_{, C. Maiani}132a,132b_,