LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA (INGLÊS)
Pronome Pessoal. Características específicas de alguns pronomes pessoais. Possessive Adjectives. Possessive Pronouns. Pronomes Demonstrativos. Verbo To Be. Artigo definido. Artigo Indefinido. Uso do There is / There are. Alguns pronomes interrogativos. Preposições de lugar. Música. Países e Nacionalidades. Present Continuous Tense. Singular e Plural. Clothes and Colors – Roupas e Cores. Days of the week – Dias da semana. Months of the year – Meses do ano. Números Cardinais e Ordinais. Presente Simples. Skills. Time Expressions. Military Ranking (Graduações militares). Military Commands (Comandos Militares). Military Goods (Artigos Militares). Tourist Information (informações ao turista). Verbos.COLABORADORES:
Onierbeth Elias de Oliveira - 2º Ten. Alecssandra Tomaz - Profa
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1. PRONOMES PESSOAIS (PERSONAL PRONOUNS)
Os Pronomes pessoais são divididos em:
Subjective Case Objective Case
I - me you - you he - him she - her it - it we - us you - you they - them
Pronomes pessoais retos: - Pronomes pessoais oblíquos: 1. Função: sujeito - 1. Função: objeto
2. Posição na frase: antes - 2. Posição na frase: após o
do verbo - verbo
Obs.: É importante memorizar a correspondência entre os pronomes retos e oblíquos, principalmente aqueles com formas diversas entre si.
EXERCISE 1
Substitua as palavras entre parênteses pelos pronomes correspondentes, de modo a completar cada frase.
(The Colonel) 1.____________ is here.
(You and I) 2.____________ seem to be happy. (The teachers) 3.____________ say that English is easy.
(The soldier) 4.____________ goes to the barracks every morning. (Push-up) 5.____________ is a good exercise.
(Grandfather) 6.____________ is still alive. EXERCISE 2
Substitua as palavras entre parênteses pelos pronomes correspondentes, de modo a completar cada frase.
1. We advise ____________ not to go out. (the students) 2. The people love ____________. (the queen) 3. The cat caught ____________ this morning. (the mouse) 4. The teacher likes ____________. (you and me)
5. I often give ____________ information. (that girl) 6. I saw ____________ at the party. (the tourist)
1.1 Características específicas de alguns pronomes pessoais:
a) I é sempre escrito com letra maiúscula, mesmo que não esteja no início da frase. b) You tem uma única forma para singular e plural, pronome reto ou oblíquo. c) He é usado para pessoa (masculina) e animal de estimação (masculino).
d) She é usado para pessoa (feminina), animal de estimação (feminino) e pode até ser usado no lugar de it para referir-se, com afetividade, a um carro, barco ou país.
e) It é usado para coisa ou animal (sem idéia de afetividade). It também é necessário (embora sem tradução própria), para não deixar o verbo sem sujeito, em expressões de:
tempo (hora): It is one o’clock now.
tempo (atmosférico): It is cold / It is raining.
identificação de pessoa: “- Who is that?” “- It is my brother.” (É meu irmão) Ou quando a enfermeira comunica ao feliz pai: “It is a boy!” (É um menino!) f) They é usado para mais de uma pessoa, coisa ou animal
EXERCISE 3
Escolha a alternativa correta para completar cada frase:
1. ____________ train hard every day. (we) (us) (them) 2. I have a fast car. ____________ is great! (her) (it) (she) 3. There are no secrets between ____________. (we) (us) (they)
4. Look at ____________ ! (I) (me) (he)
5. Do you notice any difference between ____________? (he) (them) (they) 6. Let’s stop here and wait for ____________. (she) (he) (him)
2. PRONOMES ADJETIVOS (POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES)
Em português os pronomes adjetivos possessivos são usados de acordo com aquilo que se possui: meu carro, meus carros, minha casa, minhas casas, variando segundo o número e o gênero do substantivo seguinte.
Em inglês não é assim. Os Possessive Adjectives são usados de acordo com o possuidor, não importando se a palavra seguinte é masculina, feminina, singular ou plural.
A posição dos Possessive Adjectives na frase: sempre antes do substantivo que indica o que é possuído.
Veja o quadro dos Possessive Adjectives e sua relação com os Pronomes Pessoais que determinam o seu respectivo uso:
Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives
I my You your He his She her It Its We Our You Your They their
Obs.: Alguns Possessive Adjectives têm características específicas: 1) Your: seu (s), sua (s) – de você (s). Forma única para dizer que:
You – você tem algo You – vocês têm
2) Nenhum dos Possessive Adjectives é usado com artigo definido. Assim, o meu lápis, a tua caneta etc.: my pencil, your pen etc.
3) Os Possessive Adjectives são usados (em lugar do artigo definido) com partes do corpo ou roupas. Ex.: I brush my teeth twice a day.
EXERCISE 1
I have a dream. It’s my dream. 1. My wife has a job. It’s __________ job. 2. We have a secret. It’s __________ secret. 3. He has a gun. It’s __________ gun. 4. You have a rifle. It’s __________ rifle. 5. The dog has a bone. It’s __________ bone. EXERCISE 2
Complete as frases com os Possessive Adjectives adequados. 1. Mary and I do __________ homework together.
2. The driver washes __________ car every Sunday morning. 3. Did you forget to bring __________ money?
4. You and I love __________ country. 5. Birds build __________ nests in trees.
3. PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS (POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)
Sempre que o substantivo for óbvio ou já tiver sido mencionado, em lugar do Possessive Adjective + substantivo, usamos o Possessive Pronouns que lhe corresponder. Este nunca é seguido de substantivo. Ex.: It’s my problem – The problem is mine.
Veja o quadro completo dos Possessives e sua relação com os Personal Pronoums:
Personal Pronoums Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronoums
I my Mine
You your Yours
He his His
She her Hers
It Its Its
We Ours Ours
You Your Yours
They their theirs
EXERCISE 1
Complete as frases com a forma possessiva adequada. 1. That pistol belongs to me. It’s __________ pistol. It’s __________. 2. That skirt belongs to my sister. It’s __________ skirt. It’s __________. 3. That land belongs to us. It’s __________ land. It’s __________.
4. These magazines belong to you. They’re __________ magazines. They’re __________. 5. That boat belongs to those men. It’s __________ boat. It’s __________.
EXERCISE 2
Substitua as expressões possessivas entre parênteses pelos respectivos pronomes substantivos possessivos. Siga o modelo.
That room is ours. (our room) 1. But the boots are __________ (his boots) 2. Those shirts are __________ (my shirts) 3. That dress is __________ (her dress) 4. Those uniforms are __________ (their uniform) 5. This exercise is __________ (your exercise)
4. PRONOMES DEMONSTRATIVOS (DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS)
Utiliza-se this/ that/ these/ those com um substantivo, sendo this utilizado para substantivos no singular e “próximo do ser falante”. That é usado para substantivos no singular e “distante de quem fala”. These é usado com substantivos no plural e “próximo do ser falante” e Those é usado para substantivos no plural e “distante do ser falante”.
Exemplos: These flowers are for you. Who are those people? This hotel is expensive. Who’s that girl?
EXERCISE 1
Complete com this ou these: 1. __________ is a holster.
2. __________ are boots. 3. __________ is my family. 4. __________ people are nice. EXERCISE 2
Agora complete com that ou those: 1. __________ are my guns.
2. __________ is a beautiful hotel. 3. __________ is a good restaurant. 4. __________ are american tourists. CONVERSATION 1
Jennifer: Hello. My name is Jennifer Brown. Michael: Hi. I’m Michael Lynch.
Jennifer: Nice to meet you, Michael.
Michael: Nice to meet you, too, Jennifer. I’m sorry, what’s your last name? Is it Brown? Jennifer: No, Brown. B-R-O-W-N. And how do you spell Lynch?
Michael: L-Y-N-C-H QUESTIONS:
1. What’s the girl’s name?
_____________________________________________________ 2. What’s the boy’s name?
_____________________________________________________ CONVERSATION 2
John: Excuse, are you a policeman? Victor: Yes, I am. Can I help you? John: Sure. Where is the shopping mall?
Victor: It’s near here. Go ahead for two blocks, and turn left. It’s at the corner. John: Thank you very much.
Victor: You’re welcome. QUESTIONS
1. Can the policeman help the tourist?
______________________________________________________ 2. Is the shopping mall near here?
______________________________________________________
5. VERBO TO BE
O verbo To Be significa ser ou estar. Forma Afirmativa:
I am a good student. You are a police officer. He is my brother. She is a doctor It is cold here.
We are at home today.
You are interested in politics. They are very rich.
Forma Negativa: I’m not a good friend. You aren’t my sister. He isn’t my father. She isn’t tired. It isn’t her house. We aren’t at school. You aren’t my parents. They aren’t our notebooks.
Forma Interrogativa: Respostas Curtas:
Am I a good student? Yes, you are/ No, you aren’t.
Are you a dentist? Yes, I am/ No, I’m not.
Is he very poor? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t.
Is she your mother? Yes, she is/ No, she isn’t.
Is it your car? Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t.
Are we at the Academy? Yes, you are/ No, you aren’t.
Are you hungry? Yes, we are/ No, we aren’t.
Are they your shoes? Yes, they are/ No, they aren’t.
EXERCISE 1
Complete com am, are, ou is: 1. You ______ a student.
2. I ______ a teacher.
3. My brother ______ na engineer. 4. Mary ______ my wife.
5. Ann and Ted ______ my children. 6. We ______ here.
7. The cat ______ on the sofa. EXERCISE 2
Passe as seguintes sentenças para a forma negativa e interrogativa. 1. My shoes are very dirty.
Neg.: Int.:
2. This restaurant is very expensive. Neg.:
Int.:
3. Those people are English. Neg.:
Int.:
4. My name is Katherine. Neg.:
Int.:
5. Paris is the capital of France. Neg.: Int.: 6. I am interested in soccer. Neg.: Int.: EXERCISE 3 Complete a Conversação: Lisa: Are you james Carlson? James: Yes, I ______. Lisa: ______ Lisa Johnson.
James: Nice to meet ______. I think ______ in my History class. Lisa: Yes, I ______. And I think this ______ your book.
James: Yes, ______ my History book. My name ______ here. Thank ______.
6. ARTIGO DEFINIDO (T H E)
Usa-se o artigo definido nos seguintes casos:
1. Antes de substantivos tomados em sentido específico, particular. Ex.: The gold of my watch is cheap.
2. Antes de nomes de acidentes geográficos, navios, trens, aviões. Ex.: The Atlantic Ocean
The Amazon river
3. Antes de superlativos e adjetivos usados como substantivos e numerais ordinais. Ex.: John is the tallest boy here.
The poor and the rich will die. Her birthday is on the 11th.
4. Antes de nomes de instrumentos musicais, profissões (se o nome da pessoa não for mencionado) e em orações apositivas.
Ex.: Mary plays the piano everyday. Is the doctor on duty?
Mr. Fawcett, the teacher, is here. Não se usa o artigo definido:
1. Antes de substantivos tomados em sentido genérico. Ex.: Water is good for our health.
Gold is a precious metal.
2. Antes de nomes próprios no singular. Ex.: John has just arrived.
3. Antes de nomes de países no singular. Ex.: Brazil
Mas: The United States
Exceções (algumas): The Congo
The United Kingdom EXERCISE 1
Coloque o artigo THE, se necessário:
1. ______ silver of her watch. 6. ______ United Nations. 2. ______ Doctor John. 7. ______ bad and ______ good.
3. ______ Red Sea. 8. ______ books of Math are here. 4. ______ Atlantic Ocean. 9. ______ Boeing 747.
5. ______ Phillipines. 10. Bob plays ______ guittar.
7. ARTIGO INDEFINIDO (A / A N)
Usa-se:
1. A: Antes das palavras iniciadas por consoante ou som consonantal. 2. AN: Antes das palavras iniciadas por vogais e h mudo
S Ex.: a boy / a University / a European an apple / an hour / an honest man
3. Com certas expressões numéricas, de peso, medida, tempo. Ex.: a dozen
a thousand a week Não se usa:
1. Antes de substantivos no plural. Ex.: Dogs are animals.
2. Antes de substantivos incontáveis no singular. Ex.: Give me water.
Geralmente, os substantivos incontáveis no singular são usados com SOME. EXERCISE 1
1. This is _____ book. 6. _____ post office. 2. This is _____ English book. 7. _____ supermarket.
3. _____ orange. 8. _____ university.
4. _____ young man. 9. _____ honor.
5. _____ airport. 10. _____ apple.
8. USO DO THERE IS / THERE ARE (THERE TO BE = HAVER / EXISTIR)
Forma Afirmativa:
Ex.: There is one student in the classroom. There are students in the classroom. Forma Negativa:
Ex.: There isn’t a book on the table. There aren’t many girls at school. Forma Interrogativa:
Ex.: Is there a television in your house? Are there restrooms near here? EXERCISE 1
Complete com There is ou There are. 1. _______ a big tree in the garden.
2. _______ a good film on TV this evening. 3. _______ some apples in the refrigerator. 4. _______ many players in the soccer game. 5. _______ three books on the table.
6. _______ a train at 5 o’clock.
7. _______ an expensive book at the bookstore. 8. _______ seven days in a week.
9. _______ a photograph of João Pessoa in the magazine. 10. _______ lions in Africa.
9. ALGUNS PRONOMES INTERROGATIVOS UTILIZADOS NA LÍNGUA INGLESA:
1. Who = quem. Ex.: Who are you? 2. Whom = quem. Ex.: Whom did you see?
3. Whose = de quem. Ex.: Whose books are those? 4. Which = qual/ quais. Ex.: Which fruit do you prefer? 5. What = que. Ex.: What is your problem?
6. When = quando. Ex.: When will you come here? 7. Why = por que. Ex.: Why are you here?
8. Where = onde. Ex.: Where are you? 9. How = como. Ex.: How are you?
10. How much = quanto. Ex.: How much is this house?
11. How many = quantos. Ex.: How many pencils do you have? EXERCISE 1
Iinicie as perguntas com os pronomes interrogativos e as responda. 1. _______ is your name?_________________________________________ 2. _______ are the girls? __________________________________________ 3. _______ is your birthday? ________________________________________ 4. _______ are you happy? _________________________________________ 5. _______ is Renato Aragão? _______________________________________ 6. _______ money do you have? ___________________________________ 7. _______ questions are there in this exercise?________________________ 8. _______ car do you prefer? ______________________________________
CONVERSATION
Mr. Brown: Thanks for watching the baby tonight. Everything is ready. Katherine: Thank you, Mr. Brown. By the way, where is the television? Mr. Brown: It’s in the cabinet.
Katherine: And where is the remote control?
Mr. Brown: I don’t know. Oh, it’s on the sofa, under the cushion. Katherine: Great. Oh, just one more question. Where is the baby? Mr. Brown: She’s in bed! Her bedroom is right here.
10. ALGUMAS PREPOSIÇÕES DE LUGAR
1. In = dentro. Ex.: The keys are in my bag. 2. On = sobre. Ex.: The umbrella is on the sofa.
3. Under = embaixo. Ex.: The wastebasket is under the table. 4. Next to = próximo a . Ex.: My friend is next to me.
5. Behind = atrás. Ex.: The boy is behind the door.
6. In front of = em frente de. Ex.: There is a tree in front of my house. EXERCISE 1
Preencha os espaços com as devidas preposições de lugar. 1. The remote control is _______ the television.
2. My friend is _______ me.
3. His house is _______ a supermarket. 4. There is a gas station _______ my house. 5. The box is _______ the sink.
6. The apples are _______ the pack. CONVERSATION
Linda: Guess what! I have a new apartment. I’m moving in this weekend. Chris: Really? Do you need help?
Linda: Well, yes, I do. Thank you! Chris: No problem.
Chris: So what is the apartment like? How many rooms does it have? Linda: Well, it has a bedroom, a kitchen, and a living room. And a big closet. Chris: That’s great. Where is it?
Linda: It’s on Lakeview Drive. Chris: Oh. Does it have a view?
Linda: Yes, it does. It has a great view of my neighbor’s apartment!
11. MÚSICA
Do You Remember? Phil Collins We never talked ‘bout it
But I hear the blame was mine I’d called you up to say I’m sorry But I wouldn’t wanna waste your time
‘cause I love you But I can’t take anymore
There’s a look I can’t describe in your eyes If we could try like we tried before But you keep on telling me those lies
(telling me lies, do you remember?) There seemed no way to make up ‘cause it seemed your mind was set
And the way you looked it told me It’s a look I know I’ll never forget You could’ve come over to my side
You could’ve let me know You could’ve tried to see The distance between us But it seemed too far for you go to
(so far to go, do you remember?) Ooh, do you remember? (Do you remember)
Through all of my life, in spite of the pain You know that people are funny sometimes
And they just can’t wait But to get hurt again Tel me, do you remember?
(Do you remember?) There are things we won’t recall
And feelings we’ll never find It’s taken so long to see it ‘cause we never seemed to have the time
There was always something More important to do, more important to say
But “I love you” wasn’t one of those things And now it’s too late
(now it’s too late, now it’s too late, now it’s over) Do you remember? Ooh, it’s over...
12. PAÍSES E NACIONALIDADES
America – American Spain - Spanish
Mexico – Mexican Sweden - Swedish
Korea – Korean Ireland - Irish
Canada – Canadian China - Chinese
Brazil – Brazilian Portugal - Portuguese
England – English Japan - Japanese
Italy – Italian Peru – Peruvian
* Country Nationality
They’re from India They’re Indian
She’s from Korea She’s Korean
Where are you from? I’m from Brazil. EXERCISE 1
Complete os diálogos com as nacionalidades e países corretos. 1. A: I’m from __________
B: Oh, so you are Chinese. 2. A: Is Mr Lee from Korea
B: No, he’s __________. He’s from Japan. 3. A: Are you Spanish?
B: No, I’m not from __________. I’m Mexican.
13. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Formação geral:
Presente de to be + gerúndio (forma terminada em ing) de qualquer verbo. (am / are / is)
Exemplo com o verbo to play em todas as pessoas: Singular I - am - You - are - He - is - playing She - is - It - is - Plural We - are - playing You - - They - -
Uso: para indicar que a cada ação está acontecendo, e pode ser usado com as seguintes expressões de tempo:
Now at present this Monday
At this moment this year this week, etc.
Alterações ortográficas acontecem com alguns verbos, dependendo de sua terminação: to move moving
to have having
Verbos terminados em e: omite-se essa letra antes do acréscimo de ing. To sit sitting
To stop stopping
Verbos monossilábicos terminados em consoante / vogal / consoante: dobra-se a consoante final antes do acréscimo de ing.
Obs.: Verbos dissilábicos terminados em c/v/c: também dobram a consoante final, desde que a última sílaba seja a sílaba tônica.
Ex.: omit – Omitting occur – Occurring Forma Afirmativa
I am wearing a coat. You are walking in the snow. He is running in the park. She is driving her car. It is raining a lot. We are swimming everyday. You are playing soccer. They are taking a walk Forma Negativa
I’m not wearing boots. You aren’t having breakfast. He isn’t playing tennis. She isn’t eating rice and beans. It isn’t snowing.
We aren’t talking to our friends. You aren’t atudying for your test. They aren’t singing in the show.
Forma Interrogativa Respostas Curtas
Am I drinking now? Yes, you are / No, you aren’t. Are you playing the violin today? Yes, I am / No, I’m not. Is he sleeping in his bedroom? Yes, he is / No, he isn’t. Is she moving to a new house? Yes, she is / No, she isn’t. Is it raining outside? Yes, it is / No, it isn’t.
Are we speaking portuguese? Yes, you are / No, you aren’t. Are you doing your exercise? Yes, we are / No, we aren’t.
