Chapters. 8 Grammar Guide p Walking Around p. 03. Directions p. 20. Bus p. 36. Subway p. 52. Cab p. 69. Ridesharing p. 90

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1 7 5 6 3

Chapters.

4 2

Walking Around

^{p. 03}

Directions

^{p. 20}

Bus

^{p. 36}

Subway

^{p. 52}

Cab

^{p. 69}

Ridesharing

^{p. 90}

Other Types of Transportation

^{p. 109}

8 Grammar Guide

^{p. 126}

Arquivo Interativo.

Interações no menu ao lado, topo e base das páginas, e nas indicações do Grammar Guide no final de cada lesson.

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Walking

Around.

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[Looking at Los Angeles from above]

Casey:

Big place, isn’t it? Look at those buildings! Today we’ll learn how to use the transportation system, and L.A. is going to be our example! When visiting a city, the best way to get to know that city is to walk around!

This means sometimes turning right, turning left, and sometimes going straight. And also, it means stopping and asking for directions, and being able to understand those instructions. It also means that you’ll need to use the famous phrases “How do I get there?” and “How do I get here?” And we’ll go over all this! There are still a couple more forms of different or alternative transportation, such as renting or riding a bike. You can also rent or ride an electric scooter. Now, I’m really excited to get to experience these examples with you guys, so I say: let’s get started!

[Walking around Los Angeles]

Casey:

Some useful information to know, as you’re learning about

transportation systems, is the types of roads. For example, we’re here on a very famous road: this is Hollywood Boulevard. A boulevard is a wide road in a city or town that typically has trees along the sides. I’m now here on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Argyle Avenue.

As you can see from the sign behind me, we have Argyle Av. “Av.” is an abbreviation that stands for “avenue.” I’m on the corner of Argyle Avenue and Hollywood Boulevard, and now we’re going to walk one block, from Argyle Avenue to Vine Street.

WALKING AROUND

We all love to travel. In order to make the most of you trip, it would be nice to know some expressions and ways to say things. In this chapter, you will learn some expressions and constructions that will help you throughout your trips.

Besides that, you will also see some language items that will help you improve your language skills.

Now look at the script of Walking Around.

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities

< voltar para o índice 4

Part 1.

Video Script

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Now, you may be asking yourself: what is the difference between an avenue and a street? Well, for Americans, it’s interchangeable. It really just depends on what the city wants to name the road. So now we’ll walk one block to the corner of Vine Street and Hollywood Boulevard.

[Walking]

Casey:

So now we’re almost there on the corner of Vine Street and Hollywood Boulevard, just a little further. And now we’ve walked one block to the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street. Well, I’ll keep on walking; there’s a lot to see in L.A., and I just love to walk around!

CAMINHANDO

[Olhando para Los Angeles de cima]

Casey:

Que lugar grande, não é mesmo? Olhem só para esses prédios. Hoje vamos aprender como usar o sistema de transporte, e Los Angeles será o nosso exemplo. Quando você está visitando uma cidade, às vezes a melhor maneira de conhecê-la é andando a pé. E isso significa ter que, às vezes, virar à direita, virar à esquerda, e, às vezes, seguir reto.

Também significa parar e pedir informações e conseguir entender essas instruções. Isso também quer dizer que você terá que usar as famosas frases “Como chego lá?” e “Como chego aqui?”. E vamos ver tudo isso! Ainda temos alguns outros meios diferentes ou alternativos de transporte, como alugar ou andar de bicicleta. Você também pode alugar e andar de patinete elétrico. Estou muito animado para experimentar esses exemplos com vocês; então, vamos começar!

[Andando por Los Angeles]

Casey:

Algumas informações úteis de se saber, na medida em que você está aprendendo sobre meios de transporte, são os tipos de vias. Estamos em uma via muito famosa, que é o Hollywood Boulevard, por exemplo.

Um boulevard é uma via larga em uma cidade ou município que geralmente é ladeada por árvores. Estou na esquina da Avenida Argyle com o Hollywood Boulevard. Como vocês podem ver pelas placas atrás de mim, temos a Av. Argyle. “Av.” é uma abreviação que significa

Chapter 1 Video Script Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities

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“avenida”. Estou na esquina da Avenida Argyle com o Hollywood Boulevard, e agora vou andar um quarteirão, da Avenida Argyle até a Rua Vine.

Agora, você pode estar se perguntando qual é a diferença entre uma avenida e uma rua. Bem, para os americanos, os dois termos podem ter o mesmo significado. Só depende de como a prefeitura quer chamar a via. Agora vamos caminhar um quarteirão, até a esquina da Rua Vine com o Hollywood Boulevard.

[Andando]

Casey:

Estamos quase na esquina da Rua Vine com o Hollywood Boulevard, falta pouco. E agora caminhamos um quarteirão até a esquina do Hollywood Boulevard com a Rua Vine. Bem, vou continuar caminhando!

Há muito o que se ver em Los Angeles, e eu adoro passear a pé!

Video Script

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Turn left

Dobre/Vire à esquerda

Go ahead on the main street Vá/Siga em frente na rua principal

In this chapter, you will learn all the information you need to get around the city. We will cover the most important means of transportation, as well as learn how to ask for directions and understand the information that is given to you.

Let’s start with examples of some key sentences to ask for directions:

How can I get to the subway station?

Como posso chegar à estação de metrô?

How do I go to the museum?

Como chego ao museu?

Could you tell me where the bus stop is?

Você poderia me dizer onde é o ponto de ônibus?

If you need to go somewhere and ask for directions, or even enter an address in a GPS app, you will probably hear instructions such as:

Turn right

Dobre/Vire à direita

Video Script Vocabulary

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities

Part 2.

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URBAN ROADS

Boulevard – Blvd./Bl.

Boulevard

Avenue – Av./Ave.

Avenida

Street – St.

Rua

Road – Rd.

Estrada

It is also important to learn some vocabulary related to streets and urban areas:

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS RELATED TO URBAN AREAS

Sidewalk Calçada

Crosswalk / Pedestrian crossing / Zebra crossing

Faixa de pedestres

Curb Meio-fio

But to move around the city, you will also need to understand addresses in English. In the U.S., it is very common to see references such as boulevard, avenue, street, etc. Not only will you need to learn what they are, but also what their abbreviations are. Take a look:

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Traffic light Sinal de trânsito

Corner Esquina

Block Quarteirão/Quadra

Now, when we travel, we don’t just walk around. Depending on the distance, we have to use some means of transportation. They may be:

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION

Bus Ônibus

Taxi/Cab/Taxicab Táxi

Subway Metrô

Train Trem

Ridesharing services Serviço de carona

compartilhada

Bike Bicicleta

Rental car Carro alugado

Electric scooter Patinete elétrico

There are many ways to move around when you are traveling.

Nowadays, a popular one is to rent some means of transportation.

Here are some means of transportation you can rent:

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PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

But you can choose to use public transportation. In this case, you can:

Take the bus Pegar o ônibus

Take the subway Pegar o metrô

Take the train Pegar o trem

If you want to take a taxi or a ridesharing service car, you can say you will:

TAXI AND RIDESHARING SERVICE

Call a taxi Chamar um táxi

Take a taxi Pegar um táxi

Call a ridesharing service car Chamar um carro de carona compartilhada

Hail a taxi Fazer sinal para um táxi Rent a car

Alugar um carro

Rent a bike Alugar uma bicicleta

Rent a scooter Alugar um patinete RENTALS

Now you know some types of streets and their abbreviations, vocabulary related to streets, some of the most common means

of transportation, and the verbs related to them.

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A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word(s) according to the translation.

( 1 ) Ridesharing services ( 2 ) Electric scooter ( 3 ) Take a bus

( 4 ) Call a ridesharing service car ( 5 ) Hail a taxi

( 6 ) Take the subway ( 7 ) Curb

( 8 ) Take a taxi ( 9 ) Rent a bike ( 10 ) Traffic light ( 11 ) Rental car ( 12 ) Block

( ) Fazer sinal para um táxi

( ) Serviços de carona compartilhada por aplicativo ( ) Pegar um táxi

( ) Meio-fio ( ) Patinete elétrico ( ) Sinal de trânsito ( ) Quarteirão/Quadra ( ) Carro alugado ( ) Pegar um ônibus ( ) Alugar uma bicicleta ( ) Pegar o metrô

( ) Chamar um carro compartilhado

a) How can I get to the ?

Como posso chegar à estação de metrô?

b) left.

Vire à esquerda.

c) How do I to the

museum?

Como chego ao museu?

d) on the main street.

Siga em frente na rua principal

e) Could you tell me where the

is?

Você poderia me dizer onde é o ponto de ônibus?

f) Turn .

Dobre à direita.

Vocabulary Activities

Chapter 1 Video Script Vocabulary Grammar Grammar Activities

Activ ity A – Ans wer

s 5 / 1 / 8 / 7 / 2 / 10 /

12 / 11 / 3 / 9 / 6 / 4 Activ

ity B – Ans wer

s ay station a. subw

b. Turn c. go/ge t d. Go ahead / Go / Go

straight ahead e. bus stop f. right

Part 3. Activities

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In this chapter, we will talk about word class. We will cover nouns, pronouns, verbs, and learn how to use them in an affirmative sentence.

Let’s begin with the nouns. There are many types of nouns and, in general, they name:

If you want to describe the characteristic of a noun, you will pair the noun with an adjective. For example:

Things Coisas

People Pessoas

Places Lugares Nouns are used to name:

Substantivos são usados para nomear:

Feelings Sentimentos NOUNS

ADJECTIVES + NOUNS

Wide avenue Avenida ampla

(adjective “wide” + noun “avenue”)

Busy street Rua movimentada (adjective “busy” + noun “street”)

Fast train Trem veloz

(adjective “fast” + noun “train”)

Crowded bus Ônibus cheio

(adjective “crowded” + noun “bus”)

Vocabulary Activities Grammar

Chapter 1 Video Script Vocabulary Grammar Activities

Part 4.

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Note that in all these examples the adjectives come before the nouns. And the same goes for numbers:

NUMBERS + NOUNS

One bus Um ônibus

(number “one” + noun “bus”)

When the nouns are used in a sentence, they may be part of a verb’s subject or object. So, let’s talk about verbs. There are two main types of verbs:

VERBS

Action verbs represent actions Verbos de ação representam ações

Linking verbs indicate state or condition Verbos de ligação indicam estado ou condição

Verbs may be inflected in different verb forms, but every time you refer to a verb in its base form, you will refer to the infinitive. In English, the infinitive form is preceded by the particle “to.” Check it out:

VERBS IN THE INFINITIVE

Two buses Dois ônibus

(number “two” + noun “bus”)

To walk Andar

To run Correr

To drive Dirigir

To rent Alugar

To be Ser/Estar

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In order to make a complete affirmative sentence in English, the basic structure is known as SVC – Subject + Verb + Complement.

Let’s analyze a few examples in the affirmative form. Check out these sentences:

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

Tourists rent bikes in the city.

Turistas alugam bicicletas na cidade.

(Subject: “tourists” + Verb: “rent” + Complement: “bikes in the city”) Verbs also have complements. Take a look at some complements of the verb to

take related to means of transportation:

TAKE + COMPLEMENT

Take a taxi Pegar um táxi

Take a bus Pegar um ônibus

Take the subway Pegar o metrô

Take the train Pegar o trem

Travelers like to walk on the streets.

Viajantes gostam de andar pelas ruas.

(Subject: “travelers” + Verb: “like” + Complement: “to walk on the streets”)

When we want to convey a message, we can use several SVC sentences together. Take a look:

SVC sentence 1 SVC sentence 2

Travelers walk all over the city. They learn about the city this way.

Viajantes andam por toda a cidade. Eles aprendem sobre a cidade desta forma.

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SUBJECT PRONOUNS

Notice that travelers is the subject of SVC sentence 1. If we keep making reference to travelers, we don’t need to repeat this word. We can replace it with a subject pronoun, in this case, we used they, which is the third person plural subject pronoun.

Pronouns are used to replace nouns and avoid repetition. Subject pronouns replace nouns that function as the subjects of sentences. Let’s see them:

OBJECT PRONOUNS

Nouns can also be objects in a sentence. When the noun is the object of a sentence, and we want to replace it with a pronoun, we will use object pronouns.

Here they are:

Singular Plural

1st person I

eu

we nós

2nd person you

tu/você

you vós/vocês

3rd person

he ele

they eles/elas she

ela it ele/ela/isso

Singular Plural

1st person me

me/mim

us nos/nós

2nd person you

te/você

you vocês

3rd person

him ele/o/lhe

them eles/elas/

os/as/lhes her

ela/a/lhe it ele/ela/o/a/lhe

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AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

In order to distinguish the subject from the object, we first need to identify the main verb. In affirmative sentences, the subject always comes before the main verb, and the object comes after the main verb.

Then it becomes easy to replace nouns with either subject or object pronouns.

So, to sum up, we can say that:

This rule goes for every sentence in English—except for the interrogative sentences in which the verb to be is the main verb.

Let’s see some examples of subject and object pronouns being used in affirmative sentences:

SUBJECT Sujeito

It comes before the main verb Vem antes do verbo principal

You can replace nouns in this position with subject pronouns Você pode substituir substantivos nesta posição por subject pronouns

OBJECT Objeto

It comes after the main verb Vem depois do verbo principal

You can replace nouns in this position with object pronouns Você pode substituir substantivos nessa posição por object pronouns

I usually take the bus. They are cheaper than taxis.

Eu geralmente pego ônibus. Eles são mais baratos do que táxis.

(Sentence 1: subject pronoun “I” before the main verb “take”) (Sentence 2: subject pronoun “they” before the main verb “are”)

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This subway line will take you to your hotel. It’s the yellow line.

Essa linha de metrô vai te levar para o seu hotel. Ela é a linha amarela.

(Sentence 1: object pronoun “you” after the main verb “take”) (Sentence 2: subject pronoun “it” before the main verb “is”)

Julia has to buy a subway ticket. Where can she get it?

Julia tem que comprar um bilhete de metrô. Onde ela pode comprá-lo?

(Sentence 1: subject pronoun “she” before the main verb “get”) (Sentence 2: object pronoun “it” after the main verb “get”)

Now, let’s analyze each sentence separately:

I usually take the bus.

Eu geralmente pego o ônibus.

We used the subject pronoun I before the main verb take. The first- person pronoun leaves no question as to whom we are referring.

Now check how we keep talking about the same topic:

They are cheaper than taxis.

Eles são mais baratos do que táxis.

Here we used the third person plural subject pronoun they. As we have already mentioned the bus before, it is clear in the context that they refers to buses.

Let’s see how the following example starts:

This subway line will take you to your hotel.

Essa linha de metrô vai te levar para o seu hotel.

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In this chapter, we have seen nouns, subject pronouns, object pronouns, verbs in the infinitive, and also how to put them together to form an affirmative sentence. If you want to learn more about these topics, check the

Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.

GRAMMAR GUIDE

Affirmative Form Page 130

Infinitive Page 156

Nouns Page 180

Object Pronouns Page 183

Subject Pronouns Page 230

In this case, we use the pronoun you, which is an object pronoun, since it comes after the main verb take. This pronoun refers to the person to whom we are talking, so it is also clear in the context.

Now, see how we keep talking about the same topic:

It’s the yellow line.

Ela é a linha amarela.

Now we have the pronoun it working as the subject of the main verb is, which in the contracted form becomes it’s. It is clear in the context that it refers to subway line because we mentioned the noun in the previous sentence.

Let’s see one last example:

Now we have she before the main verb get, so it is a subject referring to Julia. And there is also it after the main verb, working as the object and referring to subway ticket.

Julia has to buy a subway ticket. Where can she get it?

Julia tem que comprar um bilhete de metrô. Onde ela pode comprá-lo?

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A. Classify the following words and expressions.

B. Complete the sentences with either a subject or object pronoun.

( a ) Verb in the infinitive ( b ) Noun

( c ) Subject Pronoun ( d ) Object Pronoun

( ) to take ( ) they ( ) Julia ( ) to rent

( ) bus ( ) her ( ) me ( ) him

( ) taxis ( ) to buy ( ) ticket ( ) subway

a) ’s the yellow line. Let’s take .

Ela é a linha amarela. Vamos pegá-la.

b) I usually take the bus. are cheaper than taxis.

Eu geralmente pego ônibus. Eles são mais baratos do que táxis.

c) Julia needs a ticket. Where can get ?

Julia precisa de um bilhete. Onde ela pode comprá-lo?

d) usually take the bus when I’m traveling.

Eu geralmente pego ônibus quando estou viajando.

e) learn about the city this way.

Eles aprendem sobre a cidade desta forma.

f) Could tell where the bus stop is?

Você poderia me dizer onde é o ponto de ônibus?

Grammar Activities Chapter 1 Video Script Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar

Activity A – Answers ( a ) to take ( b ) bus ( b ) taxis ( c ) they ( d ) her ( a ) to buy ( b ) Julia ( d ) me ( b ) ticket ( a ) to rent ( d ) him ( b ) subway Activity B – Answers a. It – it b.They c. She – it

d. I e. They f. you – me

Part 5. Activities

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Directions.

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Chapter 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities

Part 1.

[Walking around Downtown Los Angeles]

Casey:

Sometimes while traveling, you may want to get to a specific location, like a museum, or a tourist attraction. Addresses are very important for maneuvering around a city, so let’s learn about addresses. Some important information that we need to know when talking about addresses is the use of prepositions, such as “at,” “in,” or “on,”

But don’t worry! I’m going to make this very easy for you guys! If we want to be more specific about our location, we can use the prepositions

“on” or “at.” Let’s talk about “on” first! We use “on” to refer to streets or roads that we are standing “on.” So, for example, I am “on” Hollywood Boulevard. But I could also be “on” Argyle Avenue, or I could be “on”

Vine Street. If we want to refer to our locations using address numbers, like the ones behind me, we can use the preposition “at.” So, I am “at”

6633 Hollywood Boulevard. So, what’s our full address? I am “in” Los Angeles, “in” Hollywood, and we’ll use “on,” “on” Hollywood Boulevard.

Now, if I wanted to use “at,” I could say I am “in” Los Angeles, “in”

Hollywood, “at” 6633 Hollywood Boulevard.

When asking for directions, it’s common for people to give you points of reference. These can be stores, churches, squares, buildings, banks or hospitals, or even bars! So, if I wanted to give you my current location using points of reference, I could tell you that I’m on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Las Palmas, right in front of the bar.

DIRECTIONS

You have seen some ways to get around the city. Now, we are going to see how to ask some questions in case we get lost. Not only that, we will also go through some more useful prepositions of place.

Now look at the script of Directions.

Video Script

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Sometimes, when you ask about a location, someone won’t give you a point of reference or a preposition of place. Instead, they’ll give you a distance. So, for example, if I were to ask: where is the Chinese Theater?

I know it’s 0.2 miles in that direction. So the Chinese Theater is 322 meters in that direction, which is well within walking distance; so I say we walk this way!

[Casey looks a bit lost]

Casey:

You know, guys, sometimes when you’re visiting a city, you might get lost like I am right now. What do you do in that situation?

Ask for directions.

[Approaching someone on the street]

Casey:

Hi, excuse me, could you tell me how do I get to the Chinese Theater?

Danielle:

You want to just cross the street, go up about two blocks; it’ll be on your right side.

Casey:

OK! Great! So it’s close by?

Danielle:

Yes, it is!

Casey:

Don’t panic if you don’t understand the information. You’ll come across people from different places, with different accents and different rhythms of speech. So, it’s absolutely alright if you need to ask the person to repeat the information. Or you could just try to repeat the information you’ve just received to confirm if you have understood it correctly.

[Talking to Danielle]

Casey:

Oh, you said the Chinese Theater was…I go right and take four blocks?

Danielle:

No! It was you go two blocks and it is on the right!

Casey:

OK, great! So, I just repeated what I thought Danielle said back to her, and she corrected me because I heard her wrong! And now that you’ve mastered that, I think that’s it!

Video Script

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[Andando pelo centro de Los Angeles]

Casey:

Algumas vezes, quando se está viajando, você pode querer chegar a um lugar específico, como um museu ou uma atração turística. Endereços são muito importantes para se locomover em uma cidade; então, vamos aprender sobre eles! Algumas informações importantes que devemos saber quando falamos sobre endereços são os usos das preposições.

Como “at”, “in”, ou “on”, por exemplo. Mas não se preocupem!

Eu vou facilitar isso para vocês!

Se quisermos ser mais específicos com relação à nossa localização, podemos usar as preposições “on” ou “at”. Vamos falar sobre “on”

primeiro. Usamos “on” para nos referirmos a ruas ou estradas sobre as quais estamos. Eu estou “on Hollywood Boulevard”, por exemplo. Mas eu também posso estar “on Argyle Avenue”, ou poderia estar “on Vine Street”.

Se queremos indicar a nossa localização usando números na rua, como o que está atrás de mim, podemos usar a preposição “at”. Estou

“at Hollywood Boulevard, 6633”. Portanto, qual é o nosso endereço completo? Eu estou “in” Los Angeles, “in” Hollywood, e usaremos “on”,

“on” Hollywood Boulevard. Agora, se eu quisesse usar “at”, eu poderia dizer que estou “in” Los Angeles, “in” Hollywood, “at” Hollywood Boulevard, número 6633.

Quando estamos pedindo informações, é normal que nos deem pontos de referência. Eles podem ser lojas, igrejas, praças, prédios, bancos ou hospitais, e até mesmo bares! Portanto, se eu quisesse informar minha localização atual usando pontos de referência, eu poderia lhes dizer que estou na esquina do Hollywood Boulevard com a Las Palmas, bem na frente do bar.

Às vezes, quando perguntamos sobre um local, pode ser que alguém não dê um ponto de referência ou use uma preposição de lugar. Em vez disso, podem nos dar uma distância. Por exemplo, e se eu perguntasse onde fica o Teatro Chinês? Eu sei que ele fica a 0,2 milhas naquela direção. Logo, o Teatro Chinês fica 322 metros naquela direção, a uma distância que é perto o bastante para ir andando; então, vamos a pé!

DIREÇÕES

Video Script

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[Casey parece um pouco perdido]

Casey:

Sabe, pessoal, às vezes, quando visitamos uma cidade, podemos nos perder, como eu me perdi agora. O que fazemos nessa situação?

Pedimos informações!

[Abordando alguém na rua]

Casey:

Oi! Você poderia me dizer como chego ao Teatro Chinês?

Danielle:

Você deve atravessar a rua, andar dois quarteirões, e ele fica à sua direita.

Casey:

OK! Então é perto!

Danielle:

Sim, é mesmo!

Casey:

Não entre em pânico se você não entender a informação dada. Você vai conhecer pessoas de vários lugares, com sotaques e ritmos de fala diferentes. Então, não há problema em pedir para a pessoa repetir a informação. Ou então você pode tentar repetir a informação passada para confirmar se você a entendeu corretamente.

[Falando com Danielle de novo]

Casey:

Você falou que, para chegar ao Teatro Chinês, eu tinha que virar à direita e andar quatro quarteirões?

Danielle:

Não! Eu falei que eram dois quarteirões, e que ele fica à sua direita!

Casey:

OK, ótimo! Então, eu repeti para a Danielle o que achava que ela havia me dito, e ela me corrigiu porque eu a havia ouvido errado. E agora que você ficou craque, eu acho que é isso!

Video Script

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Part 2.

Where is the Thai restaurant?

Onde fica o restaurante tailandês?

In the last chapter, we saw what there is to see when walking around the city. When visiting a new place, it is common to get lost. What to do in such cases? We have already discussed the GPS apps that may help us a great deal, but if you experience any difficulty accessing online maps, it is important to know how to ask for directions.

Here are a few ways on how to do it:

How can I get to the Thai restaurant?

Como posso chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

What’s the best way to get to the Thai restaurant?

Qual é a melhor maneira de chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

Do you know how I can go to the Thai restaurant?

Você sabe como posso chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

Could you tell me how to get to the Thai restaurant?

Você poderia me dizer como chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

You can choose whichever sentence you prefer. Just bear in mind that Could you tell me…? sounds more polite than Do you know how I can go to…? And don’t forget that when we approach someone, especially strangers, we should start the conversation by saying excuse me.

If you wish to be more straightforward, you can ask:

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When you ask this question, you will probably get a reference point or an address as an answer. Have a look at some:

To confirm the information you have just received, you can say it back to the person:

By the bus stop Perto do ponto de ônibus

Across the street from the station Em frente à estação, do outro lado da rua

In front of the café Em frente ao café

Within walking distance from here Dá para ir a pé daqui

On the corner of West St. and Marshall Rd.

Na esquina da West Street com a Marshall Road

Two blocks away in that direction A duas quadras daqui, naquela direção

So I walk that way, and the store is in front of the newsstand?

Então eu ando naquela direção, e a loja fica em frente à banca de jornal?

Let me see if I understand: I turn left and then I turn right.

Deixe-me ver se entendi: eu dobro à esquerda e, depois, à direita.

Do you mean I walk straight and then I turn right on the corner of East 17 and Roberts St.?

Você quer dizer que eu tenho que seguir em frente e depois dobrar à direita na esquina das ruas East 17 e Roberts?

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As you can see, depending on how specific the piece of information is, we will use different prepositions. We use in for more general locations, such as countries, cities, and neighborhoods.

We use on before the name of the street. And, finally and more specifically, we use at to refer to the number of the place and the street, in this order.

You may say, for example:

It’s on Vine Street.

Fica na Vine Street.

It’s at 234 Vine Street.

Fica na Vine Street, número 234.

It’s in Los Angeles.

Fica em Los Angeles.

Now you know how to ask for directions and clarifications, how to understand reference points, and how to talk about addresses.

Where are you?

Onde você está?

Where is the restaurant you told me to go?

Onde fica o restaurante que você me disse para ir?

Another possible way to refer to location is the exact address. If someone asks:

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< voltar para o índice s wer ity A – Ans ^Activ 28

4 / 10 / 1 / 8 / 2 / 5 / 6 9 / 3 / 7 / 11 / 12 Activ

s

a. Ho w can I get / Ho

w do I get

b. in fr

ont of c. to ge

t to d. turn le

ft w I can go / how e. ho

I can get f. W here

Part 3. Activities

A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words and expressions.

( 1 ) Bus stop ( 2 ) Right ( 3 ) In front of

( 4 ) Within walking distance from here ( 5 ) On the corner of

( 6 ) Across the street ( 7 ) Two blocks from here ( 8 ) Walk straight

( 9 ) Newsstand ( 10 ) Address ( 11 ) Left

( 12 ) Neighborhood

( ) Dá para ir a pé daqui ( ) Endereço

( ) Ponto de ônibus ( ) Siga em frente ( ) Direita

( ) Na esquina de ( ) Do outro lado da rua ( ) Banca de jornal ( ) Em frente a

( ) A duas quadras daqui ( ) Esquerda

( ) Bairro

a) to the Thai restaurant?

Como posso chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

b) So I walk that way, and the store is the newsstand?

Então eu ando naquela direção, e a loja fica em frente à banca de jornal?

c) What’s the best way the Thai restaurant?

Qual é a melhor maneira de chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

d) Let me see if I understand: I and then I turn right.

Deixe-me ver se entendi: eu dobro à esquerda e, depois, à direita.

e) Do you know to the

Thai restaurant?

Você sabe como posso chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

f) are you?

Onde você está?

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Part 4.

In this chapter, we will learn how to ask questions using the question words where, what, and how. But in order to do that, first we need to understand how to make up sentences in the affirmative and interrogative forms.

In the last chapter, we saw how to make up sentences in the affirmative form by following the SVC – Subject-Verb-Object – order. Now, to make the interrogative form of the simple present with the verb to be, there is a slight difference in how we organize the words. Have a look:

Here we have the subject, the restaurant, the verb to be conjugated in the present, is, and the complement on Vine Street, which indicates the restaurant’s location.

When we put this sentence in the interrogative form, the verb switches places with the subject. Look:

The restaurant is on Vine Street.

O restaurante fica na Vine Street.

Is the restaurant on Vine Street?

O restaurante fica na Vine Street?

SIMPLE PRESENT – VERB TO BE Affirmative form

SIMPLE PRESENT – VERB TO BE Interrogative form

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First we have the verb To Be in the simple present, is, followed by the subject the restaurant, and then the complement.

When making an interrogative sentence with the verb to be, we may even change the intonation, but it is the sentence structure that changes most:

INTERROGATIVE FORM – VERB TO BE

To Be + Subject + Complement Verbo To Be + Sujeito + Complemento

This structure works perfectly with the verb to be, but when you use another verb, you will need an auxiliary verb. So, the structure for the interrogative form becomes:

In this sentence, we have the main verb to know in the simple present. To ask questions in the simple present, we will use the auxiliaries do or does. As the subject here is you, we use do.

Notice that the auxiliary verb do has no meaning. It is merely a tool to form the question.

Now take a look at this other example:

INTERROGATIVE FORM – OTHER VERBS Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento

For example:

Do you know how I can go to the Thai restaurant?

Você sabe como posso chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

Could you tell me how to get to the Thai restaurant?

Você poderia me dizer como chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

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We use where to ask about location. In this example, we used where and the interrogative form of the verb to be.

Take a look at another example with the verb to be:

Where is the restaurant you told me to go?

Onde fica o restaurante que você me disse para ir?

Here we can see an example with the modal verb could, which is used to ask for favors. Modal verbs add meaning to the main verb, and they are considered auxiliary verbs as well. Therefore, they will follow the same structure for interrogative forms. So, in this case, we have the modal verb could, the subject you, the main verb tell, and the complement.

All these questions we have seen up to this point are answered with yes or no. But if we want to know specific information, we will use question words.

Let’s start with the question word where:

WHERE Onde/Aonde

WHERE Onde/Aonde Where are you?

Onde você está?

Here, we have where, the verb to be in the third person singular, is, the subject the restaurant, and the complement.

Now, let’s now see an example with an auxiliary verb:

Where do you want to go?

Aonde você quer ir?

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WHAT O que / Qual

HOW Como

Here we have the question word where, followed by the auxiliary verb do, the subject you, then the main verb want, and the complement.

We can ask questions using the question word what the same way. Check it out:

In this case, we have the structure Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement, for the main verb is want in the simple present.

Another question word we will see is how. We use it to ask about someone’s state or condition, such as in the question, How are you? It is also used to ask for information and instructions on how to get somewhere. For example:

Here we use the question word what followed by the interrogative form of the verb to be, that is, to be + subject. There is no

complement because that’s exactly the information you need.

Now, if you use an auxiliary verb, we will have the following question:

What is the best way to get to the Thai restaurant?

Qual é a melhor maneira de chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

What do you want to do in the museum?

O que você quer fazer no museu?

How can I get to the Thai restaurant?

Como posso chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

WHAT O que / Qual

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Here we have the question word how, followed by the modal verb can, which is used to make informal requests, plus the subject, the main verb, and the complement.

In this next example, we have another kind of auxiliary verb. Have a look:

For example:

We use in because Los Angeles is a city. It works as if you were inside a place.

As you can see, we followed the same structure as in the previous sentence.

However, the auxiliary verb do adds no meaning to the main verb.

The last topic of this chapter will help you find yourself in the city and locate places around town. We are going to focus now on prepositions of place.

Usually, when we give an address, set up a date, or tell someone where we are, we use prepositions of place. Let’s begin with the most common ones: in, on, and at:

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE How do I know I need to get off?

Como eu sei que tenho que descer?

It’s in Los Angeles.

Fica em Los Angeles.

It’s on Vine Street.

Fica na Vine Street In a city/neighborhood/country

Em uma cidade/bairro/país On a street/avenue Em uma rua/avenida At a specific place / an address Em um lugar específico / endereço

Since it is a street, we use on. This preposition brings the idea of contact to a surface.

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Notice that here we have the complete address. If you want to talk about a specific place, like a museum or the city hall, you may also use at.

If you are talking to someone about a meeting place or a reference point to find another place, you may use other prepositions.

For instance:

Meet me by the bus stop.

Encontre-me perto do ponto de ônibus.

Meet me on the corner of West St. and Marshall Rd.

Encontre-me na esquina da West Street com a Marshall Road.

The bus stop is in front of the café.

O ponto de ônibus fica em frente ao café.

The hotel is across from the subway station.

O hotel fica do outro lado da estação de metrô.

It’s at 234 Vine Street.

Fica na Vine Street, número 234.

Now you know how to ask questions using question words and how to talk about location using prepositions of place. If you want to learn more about

these topics, go to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.

GRAMMAR GUIDE

Affirmative Form Page 130

Interrogative Form Page 158

Negative Form Page 175

Present Continuous Page 196

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Grammar Activities Chapter 2 Video Script Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar

Activity A – Answers a. 1 b.2 c. 2 d. 1 e. 1 f. 2

Activity B – Answers a. in b.by c. on d. in front of e. at f. across from

A. Write ( 1 ) for interrogative sentences with the verb to be and ( 2 ) for interrogative sentences with auxiliary verbs.

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition of place according to the translation.

a) It’s Los Angeles.

Fica em Los Angeles.

b) Meet me the bus stop.

Encontre-me perto do ponto de ônibus.

c) It’s Vine Street.

Fica na Vine Street.

a) ( ) What is the best way to get to the Thai restaurant?

Qual é a melhor maneira de chegar ao restaurante tailandês?

b) ( ) What do you want to do in the museum?

O que você quer fazer no museu?

c) ( ) How do I know I need to get off?

Como eu sei que tenho que descer?

d) ( ) Where are you?

Onde você está?

e) ( ) Where is the restaurant you told me to go?

Onde fica o restaurante que você me disse para ir?

f) ( ) Where do you want to go?

Aonde você quer ir?

d) The bus stop is the café.

O ponto de ônibus fica em frente ao café.

e) It’s 234 Vine Street.

Fica na Vine Street, número 234.

f) The hotel is the

subway station.

O hotel fica do outro lado da estação de metrô.

Part 5. Activities

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Bus.

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[Walking around Los Angeles]

Casey:

So, guys, when you’re moving around a city and you want to take some transportation, when something is not within walking distance, you can take the bus! And like I’ve mentioned at the beginning, there are pros and cons to taking the bus. Some of the pros are that the bus is inexpensive and that you can actually see the places that you are traveling through. One of the cons is that sometimes you may get stuck in a traffic jam. And that means that a place that you thought would take 20 minutes to get to takes more like 40, 45. Well, let’s find a bus stop and we’ll explore some of the specifics of taking the bus.

[Next to a bus stop]

Casey:

Let’s go over a couple more specifics about the bus line. You can typically find a bus stop by looking for a sign about like this. It’ll look different in every city, so the sign might not look exactly like this. But it’ll probably be something about like this. So, you can see here, in L.A. this bus system is called the “Metro.” And these numbers next to it are the different lines for different places where the bus goes. So, in different cities, the bus lines might not be indicated by a series of numbers; they could be colors or even letters. So do your research and watch

out for that.

And if you found it a bit weird to read Metro on the bus stop sign, let me set it out for you! Metro is the company that runs the transportation systems in L.A., including the subway and the bus lines! In L.A., the bus system is called the Metro. But in San Francisco it is called the “Muni.”

And in New York it’s called the “MTA”.

BUS

You already know how to get around town and ask for directions. In this chapter, you will learn some vocabulary that will help you take buses in the U.S. Besides that, you will also see some grammar that will help you improve your language skills.

Now look at the script of Bus.

Part 1.

Video Script

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So, make sure you do your research, before you go out and take a bus, on what the name of the system actually is, so you don’t accidentally get on the wrong form of transportation. Now we’ll go over more specifics about the bus as we wait here and when the bus arrives.

Let’s talk about a couple of specific things you’ll need to know while taking the bus in a city. One of them is to have exact change. Most buses in America will not make change if you bring more money than what the bus costs. So, research how much the bus you’re taking costs and have that exact change prepared. Because if you come with more money and you try to pay at the bus, they’ll take all of your money and they won’t give you change. So, research online and make sure you have that exact amount when you get on the bus. Another thing you can do is also get a pass. Most cities in America will operate a bus pass that you can preload with money. It’s faster and probably more cost-effective than if you are expecting change back. One more thing to know is once you get onto the bus, the drivers are not supposed to answer questions.

You can ask them short questions, maybe some directions, but you’re not supposed to talk to the driver when the bus is actually in motion.

A third thing to remember is that especially the front seats of the bus have to be given up for elderly people or seniors, women who are pregnant, or people with disabilities. This is obligated by law. But the rest of the seats you should probably also give up if a senior needs your seat.

OK, so we’ve talked about the bus; that’s one way to get around the city. Another way is the subway. And that’s where we’re going to be exploring next.

ÔNIBUS

[Andando por Los Angeles]

Casey:

Então, pessoal, quando você está andando por uma cidade e quer usar algum transporte, e quando algo não é perto o bastante para ir andando, você pode pegar o ônibus! E como eu disse no início, existem prós e contras quando se anda de ônibus. Alguns dos prós são: o ônibus é barato e você pode ver os lugares pelos quais está passando.

Video Script

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Um dos contras é que, às vezes, você pode ficar preso em um

engarrafamento. E isso significa que você acaba levando algo como 40, 45 minutos para chegar a um lugar a que você achava que chegaria em 20. Bem, vamos achar um ponto de ônibus e vamos explorar as partes específicas de se pegar um ônibus.

[Perto de um ponto de ônibus]

Casey:

Vamos falar sobre algumas características de linhas de ônibus.

Normalmente você consegue achar um ponto de ônibus procurando por uma placa como esta. Ela será diferente em outras cidades; logo, a placa talvez não seja exatamente igual a esta. Mas ela deve ser algo parecido com isso. Como você pode ver, em Los Angeles, o serviço de ônibus é chamado de “Metro”. E esses números abaixo são as diferentes linhas dos diferentes locais por onde o ônibus passa. Em outras cidades, as linhas de ônibus talvez não sejam indicadas por uma série de números;

elas podem ser indicadas por cores ou até mesmo por letras. Então, pesquise e fique atento a isso.

Se você achou estranho ver o nome “Metro” num ponto de ônibus, deixe-me explicar melhor! Metro é a empresa que opera os meios de transporte em Los Angeles, incluindo o metrô e as linhas de ônibus. Em Los Angeles, o sistema de ônibus é chamado de “Metro”. Mas, em São Francisco, ele é chamado de “Muni”. E em Nova York ele é chamado de

“MTA”. Logo, não se esqueça de pesquisar o nome do sistema antes de sair e pegar um ônibus, assim você não pegará o transporte errado sem querer. Vamos ver mais características sobre ônibus enquanto esperamos ele chegar.

Vamos falar sobre algumas coisas específicas de que você precisará saber quando pegar um ônibus em uma cidade. Uma delas é ter o troco exato. A maioria dos ônibus nos Estados Unidos não dá troco se você der uma quantia superior ao preço da passagem. Logo, pesquise quanto custa o ônibus que você vai pegar e tenha o dinheiro trocado preparado.

Porque se você der mais dinheiro para tentar pagar a passagem, eles vão pegar todo o seu dinheiro e não te darão troco. Então, pesquise online e certifique-se de que você está com a quantia exata.

Outra coisa que você pode fazer é comprar um passe. A maioria das cidades nos Estados Unidos opera com um passe de ônibus que você pode carregar com dinheiro. É mais rápido, e provavelmente o custo- benefício é melhor do que você esperar receber seu troco. Mais uma coisa a se saber é que, quando você entrar no ônibus, o motorista não deve responder às suas perguntas. Você pode fazer perguntas curtas, talvez pedir alguma informação, mas você não deve conversar com o motorista quando o ônibus estiver em movimento.

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Uma terceira coisa a se lembrar é que, especialmente os assentos na parte frontal do ônibus devem ser cedidos para idosos, mulheres grávidas, ou pessoas com deficiência. Isso é obrigatório por lei. Mas os outros assentos também devem ser cedidos caso uma pessoa idosa precise do seu assento.

OK, então falamos sobre o ônibus, que é um dos jeitos de se locomover pela cidade. Outro modo é o metrô, que vamos explorar a seguir!

Video Script

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Numbers Números

Letters Letras

Colors Cores

Means of transportation are different according to the city, so it is important to know how to use them. When it comes to taking the bus, it is important to identify the bus stops. They are normally indicated with signs that contain the bus system’s name and the bus lines.

Depending on the city, buses can be identified through:

You will also be able to check the bus routes on the bus-stop sign. If you can’t understand them very well, you may ask for information by saying:

IDENTIFYING BUSES

Excuse me. Does the 137 bus go to the city museum?

Com licença. O ônibus 137 vai para o museu da cidade?

Excuse me. Does the 137 bus stop here?

Com licença. O ônibus 137 para aqui?

Excuse me. Do I take the 137 bus here?

Com licença. Eu pego o ônibus 137 aqui?

Excuse me. Which bus do I take to go to Hollywood Boulevard?

Com licença. Que ônibus eu pego para ir para o Hollywood Boulevard?

Part 2.

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Buses are inexpensive.

Ônibus são baratos.

You can watch the streets and see where you’re going by.

Você pode observar as ruas e ver por onde está passando.

It takes longer to get to places.

Leva mais tempo para chegar aos lugares.

You might get stuck in a traffic jam.

Você pode ficar preso em um engarrafamento.

There are some positive aspects about taking a bus:

The downside is the time it takes:

And each city has its own bus system. Check this out:

New York – MTA

Chicago – CTA

Atlanta – MARTA

Philadelphia – SEPTA

Los Angeles – Metro

BUS SYSTEM NAMES

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Pay special attention to the word metro, because this is also a name used in other cities for the underground transportation system: the subway.

After you find a bus stop, you will need to:

When the driver stops, you get on the bus or hop on it. Here is some important advice about taking buses in the U.S.:

Since drivers only take cash and don’t give any change back, the bus pass is a safe choice. In L.A., for example, you may get a bus pass at one of several points of sale spread around town or from the ticket machines at the rail station.

Here is another important aspect of riding the bus:

Flag the bus / Hail the bus Fazer sinal para o ônibus

Always pay the fare.

Sempre pague a tarifa.

When paying cash, make sure you have the exact change.

Quando for pagar em dinheiro, certifique-se de ter a quantia exata.

You can buy a bus pass.

Você pode comprar um passe de ônibus.

Give up your seat for the elderly, people with disabilities, and pregnant women.

Ceda seu lugar para idosos, pessoas com deficiência e gestantes.

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In fact, you should give up any seat for those who need it.

When you get to your destination, you will:

To do so, you must indicate it to the driver:

Get off the bus / Hop off the bus Descer do ônibus

Pull the cord or ring the buzzer to let the driver know you’ll get off at the next stop.

Puxe a cigarra ou toque o sinal para avisar ao motorista que você vai descer no próximo ponto.

Now pay close attention to what not to do on the bus:

Don’t speak to the driver when the bus is moving.

Não fale com o motorista quando o ônibus estiver em movimento.

Don’t block the pathway with your belongings.

Não bloqueie a passagem com seus pertences.

Don’t rush onto or off the bus.

Não corra ao entrar ou sair do ônibus.

Now you know what to do and not to do when taking a bus in the United States, what bus systems are called in some American cities, and how to find a bus stop and take a bus.

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A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.

( 1 ) Subway ( 2 ) Bus ( 3 ) Bus stop ( 4 ) Cord ( 5 ) Belongings ( 6 ) Elderly ( 7 ) Fare ( 8 ) Colors ( 9 ) Change ( 10 ) Numbers ( 11 ) Bus pass ( 12 ) Letters

( ) Letras ( ) Pertences ( ) Metrô ( ) Cores ( ) Tarifa ( ) Ônibus ( ) Idosos ( ) Cigarra

( ) Passe de ônibus ( ) Números

( ) Ponto de ônibus ( ) Troco

a) Always pay the .

Sempre pague a tarifa.

b) When paying , make sure

you have the exact change.

Quando for pagar em dinheiro, certifique-se de ter a quantia exata.

c) You can buy a .

Você pode comprar um passe de ônibus.

d) Give up your seat for the ,

people with disabilities, and pregnant women.

Ceda seu lugar para idosos, pessoas com deficiência e gestantes.

e) Don’t speak to the when the

bus is moving.

Não fale com o motorista quando o ônibus estiver em movimento.

f) Don’t block the pathway with your

.

Não bloqueie a passagem com seus pertences.

Activ ity A – Ans wer

s 12 / 5 / 1 / 8 / 7 / 2 / 6 4 / 11 / 10 / 3 / 9 Activ

s a. fare

b.

cash bus pass c.

d.

elderly e. driver f.

belongings

Part 3. Activities

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In this chapter, we will talk about determiners. Determiners can be articles, which can be definite or indefinite, demonstrative pronouns, and possessive adjectives.

They are used to specify the nouns to which they refer. Check out some examples:

Let’s see these determiners one by one. We will begin with the definite article the.

There is only one definite article in English, and we use it for masculine, feminine, singular, and plural. The article the is used to identify something that is clear in context or that has been mentioned before. Check out some examples:

Definite article The museum

O museu

Indefinite article A museum Um museu

Demonstrative pronouns This museum

Este museu

Possessive adjectives My favorite museum

Meu museu favorito

Excuse me. Does the 137 bus stop here?

Com licença. O ônibus 137 para aqui?

When paying cash, make sure you have the exact change.

Quando for pagar em dinheiro, certifique-se de ter o valor exato.