Review
Shallow-water anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda)
from southern Bahia, Brazil
Alexandre O. Almeida1, Gabriel B. G. Souza1, Guisla Boehs1 & Luis Ernesto A. Bezerra2
1Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna
km 16. 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Oceanografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Oceanografia. Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária. 50.670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine the taxonomic composition and ecological aspects of decapod crustacean species belonging to the infraorders Anomura and Brachyura in shallow marine and estuarine waters from southern Bahia, a coastline about 640 km in extent, corresponding to approximately 7% of the Brazilian coast. Sixteen species of the infraorder Anomura and 68 of the infraorder Brachyura are reported for the study area. The most important families in terms of number of species were the Panopeidae with 11 species, and the Ocypodidae and Portunidae with 9. Among the Brachyura, the southern distribution of the species Austinixa leptodactyla Coelho, 1997 (Pinnotheridae), endemic to Brazil, is extended from the coast of Sergipe to Bahia (Prado, Cumuruxatiba Beach, 17°06'18.6"S, 39°10'50.4"W). The ocypodid Uca
(Leptuca) cumulanta Crane, 1943 and also the pinnotherids Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) and Fabia byssomiae (Say, 1818) are reported for the first time from the Bahia coast. The specimen of F. byssomiae
examined was collected in the mantle cavity of the clam Macoma constricta (Bruchière, 1792) (Bivalvia: Tellinidae), a new host record for the species.
Keywords: diversity, marine biota, Anomura, Brachyura, southwestern Atlantic, Brazil.
Cangrejos anomuros y braquiuros (Crustacea: Decapoda) de aguas
someras del sur de Bahia, Brasil
RESUMEN. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la composición taxonómica y aspectos ecológicos de los crustáceos decápodos pertenecientes a los infraórdenes Anomura y Brachyura, en aguas someras, marinas y estuarinas del sur de Bahia, Brasil, una línea costera con cerca de 640 km de extensión, que corresponde aproximadamente al 7% de lacosta brasileña. Para esta área de estudio se registraron 16 especies del infraorden Anomura y 68 del infraorden Brachyura. Las familias más representativas en términos de número de especies fueron Panopeidae, con 11 especies, y Ocypodidae y Portunidae, ambas con nueve especies. Entre los Brachyura, la distribución meridional de Austinixa leptodactyla Coelho, 1997 (Pinnotheridae), endémica del Brasil, se extiende desde la costa de Sergipe hasta la costa de Bahia (Municipalidad de Prado, Playa de Cumuruxatiba, 17°06'18.6"S, 39°10'50.4"W). Se reportó por primera vez para Bahia el ocipódido Uca (Leptuca) cumulanta Crane, 1943, al igual que los pinotéridos Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) y Fabia byssomiae (Say, 1818). El único especimen de F. byssomiae fue recolectado al interior de la cavidad paleal del molusco Macoma constricta (Bruchière, 1792) (Bivalvia: Tellinidae), representando un nuevo huésped para esta especie.
Palabras clave: diversidad, biota marina, Anomura, Brachyura, Atlántico suroccidental, Brasil.
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Corresponding author: Alexandre Almeida (aalmeida@uesc.br)
INTRODUCTION
The southern Bahia coast, between the cities of Valença and Mucuri, is approximately 640 km long
and represents about 7% of the Brazilian coast (Ferreira, 1976). This long tropical coastline includes one of the largest bays in Brazil (Camamu) (Oliveira et al. 1998, 2002) and the most extensive reef complex
in the South Atlantic (Abrolhos) (Leão, 2002), in addition to estuaries of several major rivers (Contas, Pardo, Jequitinhonha, and Mucuri), comprising a great diversity of coastal environments that supposedly shelter high species richness, which is incompletely described. Until 2003, no projects had aimed to survey, intensively and systematically, the decapod crustacean fauna in this area; the previous records were few and intermittent. As a result, this area constitutes a gap in the distribution of many decapods (Almeida et al., 2007a), which impedes the analysis of the geographical distributions of species.
Between 2003 and 2008, several projects sponsored by the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, were carried out to survey the crustacean fauna in coastal areas of the southern part of the state. Another project on species inventory, linked to the Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (Jequié Campus) was carried out in Camamu Bay. These studies allowed the documen-tation of new records of decapods in Bahia and the extension of the known southern distributions for some species (Almeida et al., 2006, 2007a, 2007b, 2008a, Almeida & Coelho, 2008), as well as the description of a new species (Fransen & Almeida, 2009). To group the material collected in these inventories, a crustacean collection was established at UESC in 2003, which currently contains just over 1,300 lots.
The objective of this study was to determine the taxonomic composition and ecological aspects of the decapod crustacean fauna belonging to the infraorders Anomura and Brachyura in shallow marine and estuarine waters of southern Bahia. Because of their abundance and ecological importance, these crabs are important members of tropical benthic communities. In addition, some species [e.g., Callinectes spp., Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825, Goniopsis cruentata (Latreille, 1803), and Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763)] have great socio-economic importance in the study area, being exploited by the artisanal fishery and providing a livelihood for many families.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The material examined in this study was collected on the southern coast of Bahia, especially during the projects "Inventariamento da Fauna de Crustáceos Decápodos do Município de Ilhéus, Bahia" (2003-2005) and "Diversidade de Crustáceos do Sudeste e Sul da Bahia, Brasil: I. Ambientes Costeiros" (2006-2008). The sampling methods for the material obtained during the first project in estuaries of Ilhéus
were described by Almeida et al. (2006). The study area in the second project extended from Cairú (13º34'S, 38º54'W) to Mucuri (18°05'S, 39º33'W) in the southernmost part of the state, on the border with Espírito Santo (Fig. 1). Collection activities were approximately trimestral and covered almost all the coastal municipalities, with the exception of Ilhéus (the target of the first project). The sampling stations were distributed along this coastline in order to cover the largest possible number of coastal habitats such as sand beaches and sand-mud flats, mangroves, rocky shores, and sandstone and coral reefs (Fig. 2). Samples were qualitative, with no standardization effort, and conducted in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones during the low water of spring tides. Manual capture was the most common method used. Crustaceans were sought in micro-habitats of marine and estuarine environments, such as burrows in sand and mud, decomposing leaves and twigs, among roots and trunks of mangrove trees, on and under rocks, on artificial substrata, and in association with algae and marine invertebrates. Traps such as the “siripóia” (a type of handmade crab trap) were frequently used to catch crustaceans in the shallow sublittoral (e.g., Callinectes spp.). All stations sampled in this project were geo-referenced. At the time of capture, data on bottom type, salinity (measured with the aid of an optical refractometer), and host (when possible) were recorded.
The list of species at each sampling station between 2003 and 2008, including all the projects mentioned above, is given in Appendix 1. The specimens are deposited in the carcinological collection of the Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade of Santa Cruz (MZUESC), Ilhéus. For each species examined, the geographical distribution, ecological notes (when possible, derived from field observations), and previous records in Bahia, including the synonyms (if any) under which the species was mentioned for the study area are given. The list of material examined reports the munici-palities from north to south. When more than one lot refers to a given municipality, the order increases according to the number of the lot in the MZUESC collection. The survey of the previous records of decapod species from Bahia was based on an exhaustive analysis of the literature effectively published through 2009. Thus, restricted information sources such as monographs, dissertations, theses, and meeting communications were not included, nor were publications on biology and fisheries. Comments on taxonomy (including recent taxonomic changes), geographical distribution, and historical aspects were added when appropriate. For Brachyura, the
classifi-Figure 1. Location of the study area, southern Bahia, eastern Brazilian coast. The horizontal bars indicate the northern
(Cairú) and southern (Mucuri) limits. CB: Camamu Bay, RCB: Royal Charlotte Bank, TSB: Todos os Santos Bay, CS: outer border of the continental shelf. The main rivers are underlined. Scale bar = 100 km.
Figura 1. Ubicación del área de estudio, sur de Bahia, costa de Brasil. Las barras horizontales indican su límite norte
(Cairú) y sur (Mucuri). CB: Bahía de Camamu, RCB: Banco Royal Charlotte, TSB: Bahía de Todos os Santos, CS: Límite externo de la plataforma continental. Los nombres de los principales ríos están subrayados. Escala = 100 km. cation proposed by Ng et al. (2008) was followed, and
for other Decapoda the system of Martin & Davis (2001) was used, to the family level. The order of species within each family (or subfamily if applicable) is alphabetical.
The longitudinal and latitudinal distribution patterns were classified based on the proposal of Melo (1985). Melo (1985) recognized that some species from the Virginian, Carolinian, and Antillean patterns have northern and southern populations (in south-eastern Brazil) separated by 30º, 45º, and 50º, respectively. Here, the species are treated as having disjunct distributions, following the work of Coelho &
Ramos (1972), where the gap in the distribution corresponds at least to the Guyana region (Guyanas, Amapá, and Pará).
Abbreviations used: (St.) – Station. (T) – Transect. (f) – female (s). (juv) – juvenile (s). (m) – male (s).
(ni) – sex not identified. (CL) – carapace length. (CW) – carapace width.
Figure 2. Collection sites of estuarine and marine anomuran and brachyuran crabs in southern Bahia, Brazil. a) Mangrove
and mudflat at the locality of Taipús de Dentro, Maraú Peninsula, municipality of Maraú*, b) Sand-mud substratum in the intertidal zone of Pontal da Barra Beach, municipality of Nova Viçosa*, c) Coral reef at Mutá Beach, municipality of Porto Seguro**, d) Hard artificial substratum in the estuary of Caravelas River, municipality of Caravelas*, e) Estuary of the Cahy River, bordered by a sea cliff formed by sediments of the Barreiras Group, municipality of Prado***, f) Sand-stone reef near the mouth of João de Tiba River, municipality of Santa Cruz Cabrália*, g) Sand beach on Atalaia Island, municipality of Canavieiras*, and h) Mangrove vegetation near the reef at Moreré Beach, Boipeba Island, municipality of Cairú***. *Photo by AO Almeida, **Photo by LEA Bezerra, ***Photo by GBG Souza.
Figura 2. Lugares de recolecta de cangrejos anomuros y braquiuros, marinos y estuarinos, en el sur de Bahia, Brasil. a)
Manglar y planicie de marea en la localidad de Taipús de Dentro, Península de Maraú, Municipalidad de Maraú*, b) Substrato areno-arcilloso en la región intermareal de la Playa del Pontal da Barra, Municipalidad de Nova Viçosa*, c) Arrecife coralino en la Playa de Mutá, Municipalidad de Porto Seguro**, d) Substrato duro artificial en el estuario del Río Caravelas, Municipalidad de Caravelas*, e) Estuario del Río Cahy con un acantilado formado por sedimentos del Grupo Barreiras en su margen, Municipalidad de Prado***, f) Arrecife rocoso en la desembocadura del Río João de Tiba, Municipalidad de Santa Cruz Cabrália*, g) Playa arenosa en la Isla de Atalaia, Municipalidad de Canavieiras*, y h) Vegetación de manglar próxima del arrecife de la Playa de Moreré, Isla de Boipeba, Municipalidad de Cairú***. *Foto de AO Almeida, **Foto de LEA Bezerra, ***Foto de GBG Souza.
RESULTS Taxonomy
Infraorder Anomura MacLeay, 1838 Superfamily Galatheoidea Samouelle, 1819
Family Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825 Megalobrachium mortenseni Haig, 1962
Material examined: 8m, 15f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 989.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Central America, West Indies, Colombia, and Brazil (Pará to São Paulo). Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Panama (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: From shallow waters to 30 m, mainly on rocky bottoms (Melo, 1999). In the study area it was collected under rocks, rubble, and wood, at salinity 37.
Previous records in Bahia: Haig (1962), “Harbor of Bahia” (= Salvador Harbor) (material from Copen-hagen Museum) and Abrolhos; Veloso & Melo (1993), Prado and Abrolhos.
Megalobrachium roseum (Rathbun, 1900)
Material examined: 1m, 1f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 876; 1f, 18.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 935; 9m, 14f, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1155; 1m, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 832.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Central America Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil (Maranhão to São Paulo) (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: In the intertidal zone in reef areas. Specimens collected in crevices of dead coral, under rocks covered by hydrozoans and algae, and among barnacles in a jetty. Salinity range: 31-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Veloso & Melo (1993), Itaparica Island (Todos os Santos Bay) and Imbaçuaba (Prado).
Megalobrachium soriatum (Say, 1818)
Material examined: 1m, 1f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 873; 2m, 1f, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1156.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, Central America, and Brazil (Ceará to São Paulo). Eastern Pacific: California to Panama (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 170 m, on coral, sponges, and calcareous algae (Melo, 1999). In reefs, under rocks covered with hydrozoans and algae. Salinity range: 36-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Veloso & Melo (1993), Abrolhos.
Minyocerus angustus (Dana, 1852) (Fig. 3)
Material examined: 1m, 18.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach, MZUESC 936.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Central America, Venezuela, Surinam, and Brazil (Pará to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: In shallow waters, on sand bottoms and associated with the sea-star Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) (Asteroidea: Luidiidae) (Melo, 1999). The material from Coroa Vermelha Beach was collected on the tube feet of a specimen of L. senegalensis, at a salinity of 39 (Fig. 3).
Previous records in Bahia: Veloso & Melo (1993), Itacuruçá (doubtful locality: Itacuruçá, Rio de Janeiro?) and Itapagipe Peninsula (Salvador); Almeida et al. (2007a, 2007b), Camamu Bay and Ilhéus (15-16 m), respectively.
Pachycheles greeleyi (Rathbun, 1900)
Material examined: 1m, 1f, 09.III.2008, Belmonte, Mojiquiçaba Beach, MZUESC 1187; 1m, 3f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 874; 1f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 875; 1ni, 18.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 937; 4m, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1157; 1ni, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 833.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Pará to Espírito Santo) (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: In reefs, under rocks covered by hydrozoans and algae, in crevices of dead coral, and among barnacles on a jetty. Salinity range: 31-41.
Previous records in Bahia: Veloso & Melo (1993), Itaparica Island and Ponta do Mutá (Santa Cruz Cabrália) (doubtful locality: Ponta do Mutá – Maraú?; Mutá Beach – Porto Seguro?, near Santa Cruz Cabrália).
Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850)
Material examined: 1f, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1301; 1m, 1f, 1ni, 11.XI.2006, Maraú, Taipus de Dentro, MZUESC 745; 1f, 13.XI.2006, Maraú, Ponta do Mutá, MZUESC 772; 1f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 877; 2m, 1f, 08.III.2008, João
Figure 3. a) Minyocerus angustus (Dana, 1852), male (Carapace width = 3.2 mm) from Coroa Vermelha Beach, Santa
Cruz Cabrália, Bahia, Brazil (MZUESC 936), b) Specimen of Minyocerus angustus (Dana, 1852) on the tube feet of its echinoderm host Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) on Coroa Vermelha Beach, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Bahia, Brazil (MZUESC 936). Photos by LEA Bezerra.
Figura 3. a) Minyocerus angustus (Dana, 1852), macho (ancho del caparazón = 3,2 mm) de la Playa de Coroa Vermelha,
Santa Cruz Cabrália, Bahia, Brasil (MZUESC 936), b) Especímenes de Minyocerus angustus (Dana, 1852), en los pies tubulares de su hospedero equinoderma Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) en la Playa de Coroa Vermelha, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Bahia, Brasil (MZUESC 936). Fotos de LEA Bezerra.
de Tiba River, Santa Cruz Cabrália, near Santo André Beach, MZUESC 1176; 1f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Buranhem River, Municipal Pier of Porto Seguro, MZUESC 925; 7m, 1f, 23.XI.2007, Prado, Cumu-ruxatiba Beach, MZUESC 1071; 1f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 973; 3f, 1juv, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 974; 5m, 5f, 1juv, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 975; 1m, 1f, 1juv, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 990; 1m, 6f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 991; 1m, 1f, 29.VII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Ponta de Areia, St. 3, MZUESC 999; 1m, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1009; 2m, 1ni, 30.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Pontal do Sul, MZUESC 1020; 6m, 23f, 15juv, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, near St. 2, MZUESC 819; 5m, 5f, 1juv, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 2, MZUESC 823; 3m, 2f, 6juv, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 834; 4m, 8f, 1juv, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, near St. 3, MZUESC 841; 1m, 1f, 2juv, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Peruípe River, MZUESC 844. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, Colombia, and Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, and from Pará to Santa Catarina). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola.
Central Atlantic: Ascension. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California, Costa Rica, Ecuador (Galapagos), and Peru (Barros et al., 1997a; Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 60 m, under rocks, corals, mussel beds, sponges, oysters, and on roots of mangrove trees (Rhizophora and Avicennia) (Melo, 1999). In the intertidal, under rocks on mud and sand, under wood, on reefs, associated with beds of Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828 (Mollusca: Ostreidae), in crevices of dead coral and rotten wood, on polychaete sand reefs (probably Sabellariidae), and among barnacles in a jetty. Salinity range: 19-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Moreira (1901); Coelho (1964a), Salvador; Veloso & Melo (1993), Salvador, Nova Viçosa, and Mucuri; Almeida et al. (2006, 2007a), Ilhéus and Camamu Bay, respectively.
Remarks: Widely distributed species with high morphological variability; possibly a species complex (Werding et al., 2003; Rodriguez et al., 2005).
Pisidia brasiliensis Haig in Rodrigues da Costa, 1968 Material examined: 1f, 24.IX.2004, Ilhéus, Cachoeira River, trawling, St. 8, MZUESC 432; 2m, 6f, 23.XI.2007, Prado, Cumuruxatiba Beach, MZUESC 1072; 4m, 4f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 992; 1f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Ponta de Areia, St. 3, MZUESC 1000; 3m, 5f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1010; 11m, 4f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de
Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1011; 18m, 7f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1012; 4m, 1f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1013; 7m, 5f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1014; 1m, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1015; 1m, 2f, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, near St. 2, MZUESC 820; 1m, 3f, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 835.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Pará to São Paulo) (Melo, 1999; Coelho et al., 2007).
Ecological notes: Under rocks, tree trunks, wood, on polychaete sand reefs (probably Sabellariidae), associated with Crassostrea rhizophorae beds, on the octocoral Carijoa riisei (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (Anthozoa: Clavulariidae), on red algae tufts, and among barnacles on a jetty. Salinity range: 28-38.
Previous records in Bahia: Veloso & Melo (1993), Itaparica.
Superfamily Hippoidea Latreille, 1825 Family Albuneidae Stimpson, 1858 Albunea paretii Guérin-Menéville, 1853
Material examined: 1f, no date avalilable, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, MZUESC 195; 1f, 24.IX.2004, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, MZUESC 455.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida Keys, West Indies, Central America to Brazil (Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul) (Melo, 1999; Boyko, 2002).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 100 m, on sand and mud (Melo, 1999).
Previous records in Bahia: Coelho & Ramos (1972); Calado et al. (1990).
Lepidopa richmondi Benedict, 1903
Material examined: 1f, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 193; 10ni, 06.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, MZUESC 196; 2f, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, near to Hotel Village Back-door, MZUESC 214; 1ni, 07.IX.2004, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, MZUESC 489.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Nicaragua, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Barbados, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil (Ceará to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 10 m, on sand bottoms (Melo, 1999).
Previous records in Bahia: Boyko (2002), Itacaré.
Family Hippidae Latreille, 1825 Emerita portoricencis Schmitt, 1935
Material examined: 7f, 13.VI.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Batuba Beach, MZUESC 184; 2f, 06.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, MZUESC 197; 2f, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, near Hotel Village Back-door, MZUESC 213; 2ni, 06.V.2008, Cana-vieiras, Atalaia Beach, southern Atalaia Island, MZUESC 1234; 8f, 3ni, 18.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 1, MZUESC 817; 10f, 1ni, 19.III.2007, Mucuri, Mucuri Beach, MZUESC 816.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Maranhão to Bahia) (Calado, 1998; Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: Intertidal, on sand bottoms. Salinity range: 38-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Calado (1998).
Remarks: Calado (1998) reported Bahia as the southern limit for this species in the western Atlantic, but did not mention the locality. Mucuri, the southernmost limit of the study area (18°05’20.7”S, 39°33’14.6”W), may represent the southermost collection locality of E. portoricencis to the present.
Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille, 1802 Family Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892 Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791)
Material examined: 1 m, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1302; 7m, 2f, 13.XI.2006, Maraú, Ponta do Mutá, MZUESC 773; 1m, 1f, 06.VI.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 176; 1m, 1f, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 210; 7m, 5f, 18.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 229; 6m, 1f, 10.VII.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 477; 10m, 1f, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 480; 3m, 2f, 28.IV.2005, Ilhéus, Olivença, Batuba Beach, MZUESC 509; 1m, 1f, 09.III.2008, Belmonte, Mojiquiçaba Beach, MZUESC 1188.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, Panama, northern South America, and Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, and from Ceará to Santa Catarina) (Rieger & Giraldi, 1997; Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 30 m (Melo, 1999). On rocky bottoms, including dead coral rubble, common in tide pools. Salinity range: 35-41.
Previous records in Bahia: Calcinus sulcatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) – Smith (1869) and Moreira
(1901), Abrolhos. Calcinus tibicen – Coelho & Ramos (1972); Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Coelho & Ramos-Porto (1986).
Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859
Material examined: 1m, 4f, 1juv, 01.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Velha Boipeba Harbor, MZUESC 1260; 1m, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1303; 1m, 1f, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1304; 2m, 1f, 03.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Tassimirim Beach, MZUESC 1327; 3m, 3f, 13.XI.2006, Maraú, Ponta do Mutá, MZUESC 774; 1f, 17.VIII.2007, Maraú, Tanque Island, T1, MZUESC 1118; 16m, 5f, 06.VI.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 174; 11m, 7f, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 211; 15m, 3f, 18.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 230; 13m, 5f, 10.VII.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 479; 6m, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 481; 17m, 1f, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 484; 4m, 06.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 487; 20m, 4f, 28.IV.2005, Ilhéus, Batuba Beach, MZUESC 510; 3m, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 878; 7m, 7f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 909; 1m, 1f, 23.XI.2007, Prado, Cumuruxatiba Beach, MZUESC 1117. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Panama, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Rocas Atoll, and from Ceará to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: In the intertidal, on reefs, tide pools, on and under rocks, on dead coral rubble and calcareous algae, also in river mouths where hard substratum is available. Also in Halodule meadows (Melo, 1999). Depth range: 0-0.5 m. Salinity range: 32-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Clibanarius antillensis
(sic) − Smith (1869), Abrolhos. Clibanarius
anti-llensis − Moreira (1901), Abrolhos; Forest & de Saint
Laurent (1967), “Bahia” (material deposited in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) and St. 84 (R/V Calypso); Coelho & Ramos (1972); Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Coelho & Ramos-Porto (1986); Almeida et al. (2006, 2007a), Ilhéus and Camamu Bay, respectively.
Clibanarius sclopetarius (Herbst, 1796)
Material examined: 3m, 01.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Triana River, MZUESC 1274; 8m, 1f,
11.XI.2006, Maraú, Taipus de Dentro, MZUESC 746; 1m, 1ni, 12.IX.2006, Maraú, Maraú River, Tanque Island, MZUESC 1116; 1m, 17.VIII.2007, Maraú, Tanque Island, T3, MZUESC 1119; 2m, 2f, 05.V.2008, Itacaré, Concha Beach, mouth of Contas River, MZUESC 1207; 2f, 05.V.2008, Itacaré, Contas River, MZUESC 1216; 1m, 4f, 06.VI.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 175; 1m, 2f, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 212; 1m, 1f, 18.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 228; 16m, 4f, 10.VII.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 478; 1m, 1f, 18.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 483; 8m, 3f, 06.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 486; 2m, 1f, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 488; 1m, 27.V.2004, Ilhéus, Malhado Beach, MZUESC 634; 1m, 06.V.2008, Canavieiras, Pardo River, MZUESC 1221; 1m, 18.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 938; 1m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach, near Sabacuzinho River mouth, MZUESC 910; 1m, 4f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Buranhem River, Municipal Pier of Porto Seguro, MZUESC 926; 2m, 1f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Ponta de Areia, St. 3, MZUESC 1001; 1m, 30.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Pontal do Sul, MZUESC 1021. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Ceará to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: In the intertidal, in estuaries and beaches (frequently in areas under the influence of freshwater discharge), in tide pools, on sand and mud, on and under rocks, on Rhizophora mangle roots, and associated with Crassostrea rhizophorae beds. Salinity range: 19-39. Occasionally in Halodule and Halophila meadows (Melo, 1999).
Previous records in Bahia: Smith (1869), Caravelas; Moreira (1901); Forest & de Saint Laurent (1967), St. 61 and 84 (R/V Calypso); Coelho & Ramos (1972); Coelho & Ramos-Porto (1986); Almeida et al. (2006, 2007a), Ilhéus and Camamu Bay, respectively.
Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc, 1802)
Material examined: 2m, 05.V.2008, Itacaré, Contas River, MZUESC 1217; 4m, 1f, 08.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River, near Santo André Beach, MZUESC 1177; 1m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Buranhem River, near harbor, MZUESC 933; 1m, 18.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Buranhem River, Arraial
d'Ajuda, MZUESC 946; 5m, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 976; 4f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 993; 4m, 30.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Pontal do Sul, MZUESC 1022; 5m, 5f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1120; 15m, 1f, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 2, MZUESC 824; 6m, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 836; 1m, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, near St. 3, MZUESC 842; 1m, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Peruípe River, MZUESC 845. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: east coast of the USA (from Virginia south), Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, Venezuela, Surinam, and Brazil (Pará to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 22 m (Melo, 1999). Mainly in estuaries, on sand, mud, and sand with gravel and shells, on and under rocks, and under tree trunks. Salinity range: 10-38.
Previous records in Bahia: Smith (1869), Caravelas; Moreira (1901); Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Almeida et al. (2006, 2007a), Ilhéus and Camamu Bay, respectively.
Family Paguridae Latreille, 1802 Pagurus brevidactylus (Stimpson, 1859)
Material examined: 2f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 879.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, Central America, northern South America, and Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, and from Pernambuco to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 50 m, on sand bottoms, on algae and rocks (Melo, 1999). The specimens were collected in a reef area where they were found on a colony of fire coral, Millepora alcicornis Linnaeus, 1758 (Hydrozoa: Milleporidae), at a salinity of 39.
Previous records in Bahia: Pagurus miamensis Provenzano, 1959 − Coelho (1964b), Barra Beach
(Salvador). Pagurus miamensis miamensis − Coelho
& Ramos (1972). Pagurus brevidactylus – Coelho & Ramos-Porto (1986); Nucci & Melo (2007), Alcobaça.
Remarks: The records by Coelho (1964b) and Coelho & Ramos (1972) as P. miamensis and P.
miamensis miamensis, respectively, were attributed to P. brevidactylus, its senior synonym (see McLaughlin, 1975; Nucci & Melo, 2007).
Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852)
Material examined: 1f, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1305; 1m, 13.XI.2006, Maraú, Ponta do Mutá, MZUESC 775; 1f, 17.VIII.2007, Maraú, Tanque Island, T1, MZUESC 1122; 1m, 18.VIII.2007, Maraú, Tanque Island, T2, MZUESC 1123; 2m, 3f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 880; 1m, 2f, 18.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 939; 1m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 911; 3f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1121.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico, Antillhas, northern South America, Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, and Argentina (Melo, 1999).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 60 m, on sand and mud bottoms (Melo, 1999). In reefs, on rocks, on sand mixed with shells, among drifted algae on a sand bottom. Depth range: 0-1.2 m. Salinity range: 31-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Forest & de Saint Laurent (1967), St. 58 (R/V Calypso, 44-60 m); Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay.
Infraorder Brachyura Linnaeus, 1758 Section Podotremata Guinot, 1977 Superfamily Dromioidea De Haan, 1833
Family Dromiidae De Haan, 1833 Subfamily Dromiinae De Haan, 1833 Moreiradromia antillensis (Stimpson, 1858)
Material examined: 1f, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 470.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul). Central Atlantic: Ascension (Manning & Chace, 1990, as Dromidia antillensis; Melo, 1996, as Cryptodromiopsis antillensis).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 330 m, on rocky, coral, and shell bottoms (Melo, 1996, as Crypto-dromiopsis antillensis). The single juvenile specimen was collected in a tide pool.
Previous records in Bahia: Dromidia Antillensis (sic) – Smith (1869), Abrolhos. Dromidia antillensis – Henderson (1888), off Salvador (Challenger Exp.);
Moreira (1901); Rathbun (1937); Rodrigues da Costa (1968), Abrolhos (R/V Calypso, St. 1816-1818, 19-21 m); Joly et al., (1969) & Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Coelho & Ramos (1972), “Bahia” and seamounts off Bahia; Gouvêa (1986a), Salvador; Coelho & Ramos-Porto (1989); Barreto et al. (1993). Cryptodromiopsis antillensis – Melo & Campos Jr. (1999), Salvador, Itagi (doubtful locality, possibly misspelled), Itapegipe (misspelled = Itapagipe Peninsula, Salvador) and Abrolhos (R/V Calypso, St. 1818, 21 m, and R/V Almirante Saldanha, St. 1966, 47 m). Moreiradromia antillensis – Serejo et al. (2006), St. C5-7R (REVIZEE Program, Central Score, 40 m); Almeida et al. (2007a, 2007b), Camamu Bay and Ilhéus, respectively; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: M. antillensis is the type species of the new genus Moreiradromia, erected by Guinot & Tavares (2003). A detailed comparison with the genus Dromidia Stimpson, 1858 was provided by Guinot & Tavares (2003).
Section Eubrachyura Saint Laurent, 1980 Subsection Heterotremata Guinot, 1977
Superfamily Aethroidea Dana, 1851 Family Aethridae Dana, 1851 Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785)
Material examined: 2m, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 966.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Georgia, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 160 m, on mud, sand, and shell bottoms (Melo, 1996). The material from Caravelas was collected in the mouth of the Caravelas River, where the specimens were found buried in the mud substratum during low tide, at a salinity of 38.
Previous records in Bahia: Hepatus princeps (Herbst, 1794) – Rathbun (1937), Plataforma (Salvador, Hartt Explorations). Hepatus pudibundus – Coelho & Ramos (1972); Gouvêa (1986b), Salvador, Candeias, and Itaparica Island; Almeida et al. (2007a, 2007b), Camamu Bay and Ilhéus (15-16 m), respectively; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Superfamily Eriphioidea MacLeay, 1838 Family Eriphiidae MacLeay, 1838 Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781)
Material examined: 1f, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1310; 1f, 02.VIII.
2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1311; 2f, 13.XI.2006, Maraú, Ponta do Mutá, MZUESC 779; 1m, 06.VI.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 181; 3m, 1f, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 209; 1m, 18.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 226; 3m, 1f, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, Morro dos Navegantes, MZUESC 380; 1f, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 383; 1m, 4f, 28.IV.2005, Ilhéus, Olivença, Batuba Beach, MZUESC 502; 2f, 27.IV.2005, Ilhéus, Malhado Beach, MZUESC 506; 1m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 953.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Pará to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 5 m (Melo, 1996). In reefs, rocky shores, tide pools, and in crevices of dead coral. Salinity range: 35-39. According to Melo (1996) it also occurs in oyster beds and on sponges and hydrozoans.
Previous records in Bahia: Smith (1869), Abrolhos; Rathbun (1898, 1930), “Bahia” and Abrolhos (Albatross Exp.), Plataforma, and Rio Vermelho (both localities in Salvador), and Abrolhos (Hartt Explorations); Joly et al. (1969) and Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Türkay (1976); Gouvêa (1986a), Lauro de Freitas, Salvador, and Itaparica Island; Bento et al. (2007), Ilhéus; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Family Menippidae Ortmann, 1893 Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859
Material examined: 2f, 10.VIII.2002, Ilhéus, Olivença, Jairí Beach, MZUESC 33; 1f, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 384; 1f, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1125; 1f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 965; 1m, 2f, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 838.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida, Central America, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Pará to Santa Catarina). Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde to Angola (Melo, 1996; Barros & Pimentel, 2001).
Ecological notes: In shallow waters, close to the beach (Melo, 1996). On reefs, rocky shores, tide pools, among barnacles on a jetty, under rocks and tree trunks, on sand, and on sediment with mixed mud, coarse sand, and biogenic material. Salinity range: 31-40.
Previous records in Bahia: Joly et al. (1969) & Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Superfamily Goneplacoidea MacLeay, 1838 Family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964 Subfamily Chasmocarcininae Serène, 1964 Chasmocarcinus arcuatus Coelho Filho & Coelho, 1998
Material examined: 1m, 18.VII.2007, Maraú, Tanque Island, T2, MZUESC 1104; 1m, 1f, 18.VIII.2007, Maraú, Tanque Island, T2, MZUESC 1107; 1f, 18.VIII.2007, Maraú, Tanque Island, T2, MZUESC 1109.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Bahia, and Espírito Santo) (Coelho Filho & Coelho, 1998).
Ecological notes: From 2 to 75 m, on sand and mud bottoms (Coelho Filho & Coelho, 1998; this study). The material from Tanque Island was collected at 2 m depth and salinity of 31.
Previous records in Bahia: Coelho Filho & Coelho (1998), Abrolhos (R/V Calypso, St. 1823 and St. 1826, 24 and 20 m, respectively); Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: A taxonomic discussion of C. arcuatus and its relative species C. peresi is provided by Coelho Filho & Coelho (1998).
Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819 Family Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 Subfamily Epialtinae MacLeay, 1838 Acanthonyx dissimulatus Coelho, 1993
Material examined: 1m, 13.XI.2006, Maraú, Ponta do Mutá, MZUESC 776; 1m, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 426; 3m, 10.VII.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 511; 1m, 4f, 09.III.2008, Belmonte, Mojiquiçaba Beach, MZUESC 1189; 4m, 1f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 912; 2m, 1f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 913; 2m, 2f, 1juv, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 914; 1m, 2f, 2juv, 23.XI.2007, Prado, Cumuruxatiba Beach, MZUESC 1073.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Maranhão to São Paulo) (Coelho & Torres, 1993; Melo, 1996; Dall’Occo et al., 2004).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 25 m (Melo, 1996). Acanthonyx dissimulatus was always collected in
association with algae, such as red algae, Sargassum sp., unidentified brown algae, and on drifted algae on sand bottoms. Salinity range: 35-41.
Previous records in Bahia: Acanthonyx petiverii H. Milne Edwards, 1834 – Rathbun (1894, 1925), Mar Grande, “Bay of Bahia” (= Todos os Santos Bay) (Hartt Explorations); Moreira (1901); Gouvêa (1986a), Salvador. Acanthonyx dissimulatus – Young & Serejo (2005), Abrolhos Bank (RAP, St. 17); Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Epialtus bituberculatus H. Milne-Edwards, 1834 Material examined: 1m, 13.XI.2006, Maraú, Ponta do Mutá, MZUESC 777; 1m, 14.XI.2006, Maraú, Barra Grande (Barra Grande Pier), MZUESC 784; 1m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 915.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Ceará to São Paulo) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: In shallow waters, associated with Sargassum sp. and on algae and drifted seagrass on a sand bottom. Salinity range: 35-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Joly et al. (1969) and Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Gouvêa (1986a), Salvador; Serejo et al. (2006), St. C5-4F and C5-10R (REVIZEE Program, Central Score, 50 m) (erroneous stations, see “Remarks”); Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: Dr. Cristiana Serejo (Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro) informed us that E. bituberculatus was collected on the coast of Bahia during the REVIZEE Program, between 20-67 m depth, instead of stations C5-4F (1200 m) and C5-10R (50 m) as she originally reported (Serejo et al., 2006).
Subfamily Pisinae Dana, 1851 Notolopas brasiliensis Miers, 1886
Material examined: 2f, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1160; 1f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 1016.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil (Amapá to São Paulo) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 30 m, on sand and calcareous algae bottoms, occasionally on sand and broken shells (Melo, 1996). In the study area it was collected on the octocoral Carijoa riisei and
under rocks covered by hydrozoans and algae on a sandstone reef. Salinity range: 36-38.
Previous records in Bahia: Miers (1886), off Salvador (Challenger Exp.); Moreira (1901); Barreto et al. (1993); Almeida et al. (2007a, 2007b), Camamu Bay and Ilhéus (20 m), respectively; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: Miers (1886) described N. brasiliensis based on specimens collected in Bahia, off Salvador, during the Challenger Expedition.
Pelia rotunda A. Milne-Edwards, 1875
Material examined: 2m, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1161; 1ni, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 1089.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Pará to Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, and Argentina (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 190 m, on sand and calcareous algae bottoms (Melo, 1996). Specimens were collected in a reef, under rocks covered by algae and hydrozoans, as well as on the octocoral Carijoa riisei, at a salinity of 36.
Previous records in Bahia: Coelho & Ramos (1972); Barreto et al. (1993); Almeida et al. (2007b), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Subfamily Tychinae Dana, 1851
Pitho lherminieri (Desbonne, in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867)
Material examined: 1m, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 886.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, and Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, and from Pará to São Paulo) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 28 m (exceptionally at 200 m), on mud, sand, shells, rocks, and coral bottoms (Melo, 1996). The single specimen was obtained at a salinity of 39.
Previous records in Bahia: Rodrigues da Costa (1968), Abrolhos (R/V Calypso, St. 1815, 1817, 1818, 1827, 13.5-24 m); Coelho (1971), Abrolhos; Coelho & Ramos (1972); Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Gouvêa & Leite (1980), Salvador; Barreto et al. (1993); Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Family Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838 Elamena gordonae Monod, 1956
Material examined: 2f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 1090; 1f, 19.III. 2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 837.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Sergipe and Bahia). Eastern Atlantic: Guinea to Sierra Leone. Western Pacific: Australia (Queensland) (Lucas, 1980; Almeida et al., 2007a).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 40 m (Monod, 1956; Almeida et al., 2007a; present study). The specimens were found among barnacles in a jetty and on the octocoral Carijoa riisei. Salinity range: 31-36.
Previous records in Bahia: Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008), Nova Viçosa.
Remarks: E. gordonae is a tiny and rare species, of which only female specimens are known to the present. Its occurrence in the western Atlantic suggests a circumtropical distribution, which is uncommon among the hymenosomatid crabs because of their abbreviated development and low fecundity (Lucas, 1980; Almeida et al., 2007a; Almeida & Coelho, 2008).
Family Inachoididae Dana, 1851 Inachoides forceps A. Milne-Edwards, 1879
Material examined: 1m, 1f, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1158.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, Guyanas, and Brazil (Amapá to Rio de Janeiro) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 70 m, on sand, gravel, coral, and occasionally calcareous algae (Melo, 1996). The few specimens examined were obtained in the intertidal, on a sandstone reef, under rocks covered by algae and hydrozoans at a salinity of 36.
Previous records in Bahia: Coelho (1971), Abrolhos; Coelho & Ramos (1972); Barreto et al. (1993); Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Family Majidae Samouelle, 1819 Subfamily Mithracinae MacLeay, 1838 Macrocoeloma trispinosum (Latreille, 1825)
Material examined: 1m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 916.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, and Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, and from Piauí to São Paulo) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 80 m, on sand, rocks, broken shells, and Sargassum bottoms (Melo, 1996). The only specimen obtained was found in a reef area, on a probably drifted coral (Anthozoa: Plexaurellidae: Plexaurella sp.), at a salinity of 39.
Previous records in Bahia: Macrocoeloma trispinosa – Miers (1886), off Salvador (Challenger Exp.). Macrocoeloma trispinosum – Moreira (1901); Coelho & Ramos (1972); Barreto et al. (1993); Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825)
Material examined: 1f, 01.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Velha Boipeba Harbor, MZUESC 1261; 2m, 4f, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1306; 2m, 2f, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1307; 1m, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1308; 2m, 1f, 03.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Tassimirim Beach, MZUESC 1328; 1f, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 473; 1m, 01.I.2005, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, sandstone reef in front of Opaba Hotel, MZUESC 853; 2f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 881; 3f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 882; 1m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 917; 2m, 1f, 23.XI.2007, Prado, Cumuruxatiba Beach, MZUESC 1074.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, Venezuela, and Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, and from Maranhão to Rio Grande do Sul) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 70 m (Melo, 1996). In reefs, on dead coral rubble (including crevices) and calcareous algae blocks, under rocks, and on Halimeda sp. Salinity range: 33-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Milnia bicornuta Stimpson, 1860 – Smith (1869), Abrolhos. Microphrys bicornutus – Rathbun (1898), Abrolhos (Albatross Exp.); Rathbun (1925), Abrolhos (Albatross Exp.), Plataforma (Salvador, Hartt Explorations) and Porto Seguro (Thayer Exp., St. 102); Coelho (1971), Salvador; Coelho & Ramos (1972); Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Gouvêa & Leite (1980), Itaparica Island; Gouvêa (1986a), Salvador and Itaparica Island; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Mithraculus forceps (A. Milne-Edwards, 1875)
Material examined: 1m, 4f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 883; 1m, 1f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 918.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, Venezuela, and Brazil (São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, and from Maranhão to Santa Catarina) (Holthuis et al., 1980; Melo, 1996; Rieger & Giraldi, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 90 m, on hard bottoms and also on sand, corals, algae, or associated with sponges (Melo, 1996). In reefs, on dead coral rubble, at a salinity of 39.
Previous records in Bahia: Mithrax forceps – Miers (1886), off Salvador (Challenger Exp.); Rathbun (1898), Abrolhos (Albatross Exp.); Moreira (1901); Gouvêa (1986a), Salvador. Mithrax (Mithraculus) forceps – Rathbun (1925), Abrolhos (Albatross Exp.) and Plataforma (Salvador, Hartt Explorations); Coelho (1971), Salvador; Coelho & Ramos (1972). Mithraculus forceps – Coelho & Torres (1990), Salvador and Abrolhos; Barreto et al. (1993); Young & Serejo (2005), Abrolhos Bank (RAP, St. 30 and 38); Serejo et al. (2006), St. C5-5R (REVIZEE Program, Central Score, 20 m); Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008). Mithrax braziliensis Rathbun, 1892
Material examined: 2juv, 09.III.2008, Belmonte, Mojiquiçaba Beach, MZUESC 1190; 1juv, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 884; 1m, 8f, 3ni, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 885; 1f, 18.V.2007, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), Santa Cruz Cabrália, MZUESC 940; 1m, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1159; 1f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 919.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Piauí to São Paulo) (Melo, 1996; Dall’Occo et al., 2004).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 8 m (Melo, 1996). In reefs, on rocks, under rocks covered by algae and hydrozoans, and on the surface of a living coral (not identified). Salinity range: 36-41.
Previous records in Bahia: Mithrax braziliensis – Rathbun (1892), Mar Grande, “Bay of Bahia” (= Todos os Santos Bay, Hartt Explorations); Moreira (1901); Gouvêa (1986a), Itaparica Island; Almeida & Coelho (2008). Mithrax (Mithrax) braziliensis –
Rathbun (1925), Mar Grande, “Bay of Bahia” (= Todos os Santos Bay, Hartt Explorations).
Remarks: The type locality of M. braziliensis is Mar Grande, “Bay of Bahia” (Itaparica Island, in Todos os Santos Bay) (Rathbun, 1892).
Mithrax hemphilli Rathbun, 1892
Material examined: 1m, 09.III.2008, Belmonte, Mojiquiçaba Beach, MZUESC 1191.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida, West Indies, and Brazil (Rocas Atoll, and from Maranhão to Rio de Janeiro) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 60 m, on reefs and calcareous algae, under rocks, and in Thalassia meadows (Melo, 1996). Collected on rocky substrata at a salinity of 41.
Previous records in Bahia: Mithrax hemphilli – Rathbun (1898), Abrolhos (Albatross Exp.); Moreira (1901); Coelho (1971), Salvador; Barreto et al. (1993); Serejo et al. (2006), St. C5-2R (REVIZEE Program, Central Score, 55 m). Mithrax (Mithrax) hemphilli – Rathbun (1925), Abrolhos (Albatross Exp.); Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos. Mithrax hemphilii (misspelled) – Gouvêa (1986a), Salvador.
Superfamily Pilumnoidea Samouelle, 1819 Family Pilumnidae Samouelle, 1819 Subfamily Pilumninae Samouelle, 1819 Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879
Material examined: 1f, 03.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Tassimirim Beach, MZUESC 1331; 5m, 1f, 16.V.2007, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), Santa Cruz Cabrália, MZUESC 889; 1f, 16.V.2007, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), Santa Cruz Cabrália, MZUESC 890; 1f, 23.XI.2007, Prado, Cumuruxatiba Beach, MZUESC 1076.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Paraíba to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 30 m, on sand, shell, and coral bottoms (Melo, 1996). In reefs, on rocks and calcareous algae blocks. Salinity range: 33-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Rathbun (1930), Bonfim (Salvador, Hartt Explorations); Gouvêa & Leite (1980), Salvador and Itaparica Island; Gouvêa (1986a), Salvador; Barreto et al. (1993); Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Pilumnus reticulatus Stimpson, 1860
Material examined: 1m, 1f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 891; 1m, 1f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 921; 1m, 18.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 942; 1ni, 07.III.2008, Santa Cruz Cabrália, João de Tiba River mouth (reef), MZUESC 1164; 1m, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 996; 3f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 1093; 1f, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 840.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Central America, West Indies, northern South America, Brazil (Pará to Rio Grande do Sul), and Argentina. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Gulf of Panama (Hendrickx, 1995; Melo, 1996; Spivak, 1997).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 75 m, on mud and shell bottoms (Melo, 1996). In reefs, on dead coral rubble and also on the surface of a living coral (not identified), under rocks and wood, under rocks in a tide pool (on sediment with mixed mud, coarse sand, and biogenic material), on the octocoral Carijoa riisei, and among barnacles on a jetty. Salinity range: 31-40.
Previous records in Bahia: Rathbun (1930), Mapele (Simões Filho, Hartt Explorations) and “Bay of Bahia” (= Todos os Santos Bay, material deposited in the Copenhagen Museum); Joly et al. (1969) & Gomes Corrêa (1972), Abrolhos; Gouvêa (1986a), Salvador; Barreto et al. (1993); Almeida et al. (2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Family Portunidae Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamily Portuninae Rafinesque, 1815 Achelous tumidulus Stimpson, 1871
Material examined: 1juv, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boi-peba Island, Moreré Beach, MZUESC 1309.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, Guyanas, and Brazil (Pará to São Paulo) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 75 m, on sand, rock, coral, and algae bottoms (Melo, 1996). The single specimen was collected in the intertidal, on Halimeda sp., at a salinity of 39.
Previous records in Bahia: Cronius bispinosus Miers, 1886 – Miers (1886), off Salvador (Challenger Exp.); Moreira (1901). Cronius tumidulus – Rathbun (1930), “Bahia” (Hassler Exp., 21-30 m) and Porto Seguro; Barreto et al. (1993); Serejo et al. (2006), St.
C5-2R, C5-4R, and C5-5R (REVIZEE Program, Central Score, 20-55 m); Almeida et al. (2007a, 2007b), Camamu Bay and Ilhéus, respectively; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: C. bispinosus, described by Miers (1886) based on material obtained during the Challenger Expedition on the coast of Bahia, was considered a junior synonym of C. tumidulus by Rathbun (1930). Based on molecular data, Mantelatto et al. (2009) resurrected the genus Achelous De Haan, 1833 for Cronius tumidulus and nine American species treated under Portunus Weber, 1795.
Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818)
Material examined: 2m, 1f, 10.VIII.2002, Acuípe Beach, Ilhéus, MZUESC 3; 1m, 18.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 231; 4m, 03.III.2004, Ilhéus, Sargi River (Sargi Beach), MZUESC 318; 1m, 2f, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, Morro dos Navegantes, MZUESC 378; 1m, 28.IV.2005, Ilhéus, Olivença, Batuba Beach, MZUESC 508.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, Brazil (Ceará to Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, and Argentina (Melo, 1996; Scelzo, 2001).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 70 m, well adapted to live on sand beaches, rarely recorded in estuaries or lagoons (Melo, 1996).
Previous records in Bahia: Gouvêa (1986b), Salvador; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Callinectes bocourti A. Milne-Edwards, 1879
Material examined: See material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul) (Williams, 1984a; Melo, 1996; Santos et al., 2000).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 20 m. Estuarine species living in low-salinity waters, also present in polluted waters (Melo, 1996).
Previous records in Bahia: Moreira (1901); Rathbun (1930), Cannavierias (sic) (= Canavieiras); Williams (1974), Ilhéus; Almeida et al. (2006, 2007a), Ilhéus and Camamu Bay, respectively; Almeida et al. (2008b), Ilhéus (in fresh water); Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Callinectes danae Smith, 1869
Material examined: 1m, 02.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Oritiba River, MZUESC 1282; 4m, 10.X.2003,
Maraú, Taipus de Fora Beach, MZUESC 249; 6m, 1f, 11.XI.2006, Maraú, Taipus de Dentro, MZUESC 747; 1f, 05.V.2008, Itacaré, Contas River, MZUESC 1218; 1f, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Buranhem River, Municipal Pier of Porto Seguro, MZUESC 927; 1f, 18.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Buranhem River, Arraial d'Ajuda, MZUESC 947; 4f, 1ni, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach, near Sabacuzinho River mouth, MZUESC 952; 2m, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Cara-velas River, St. 1, MZUESC 958; 3m, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Ponta de Areia, St. 3, MZUESC 962; 1f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 967; 1f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 994. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America,
and Brazil (Pará to Rio Grande do Sul) (Melo,1996;
Barros et al., 1997b).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 75 m (Melo, 1996). In estuaries, mainly on mud bottoms, but also on sand, sand-mud beaches, buried in the sediment during low tide, rarely under rocks. Salinity range: 4-38.
Previous records in Bahia: Callinectes Danae (sic) – Smith (1869). C. danai (misspelled) – Moreira (1901). Callinectes danae – Rathbun (1930); Williams (1974), Itaparica Island, Madre de Deus, and Ilhéus; Almeida et al. (2006, 2007a), Ilhéus and Camamu Bay, respectively; Bento et al. (2007), Ilhéus; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: Part of the material referred by Rathbun (1930) (Plataforma, Salvador) was confused with C. marginatus (see Williams, 1974).
Callinectes exasperatus (Gerstaecker, 1856)
Material examined: 2f, 22.XI.2007, Prado, Barra do Cahy, St. 2, MZUESC 1044; 2f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 959; 1f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Ponta de Areia, St. 3, MZUESC 963; 3m, 2f, 17-18.III.2007, Mucuri, Mucuri River, St. 1, MZUESC 791. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Pará to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1996; Barros & Pimentel, 2001).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 8 m, in marine and estuarine waters close to river mouths and mangroves (Melo, 1996). Very common under rocks and trunks, on mud and sand bottoms, during low tide. Salinity range: 4-38.
Previous records in Bahia: Moreira (1901); Rathbun (1930), Cannavieiras (= Canavieiras) (St. 090) and Porto Seguro (St. 102) (both localities sampled by the Thayer Exp.); Williams (1974), Ilha Madre de Deus and Ilhéus; Almeida et al. (2006, 2007a), Ilhéus and Camamu Bay, respectively; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Callinectes marginatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) Material examined: 2m, 11.XI.2006, Maraú, Taipus de Dentro, MZUESC 748; 1m, 13.XI.2006, Maraú, Ponta do Mutá, MZUESC 778; 1m, 1f, 10.VIII.2002, Ilhéus, Olivença, Jairí Beach, MZUESC 7; 1m, 06.VI.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 171; 2m, 11.VII.2003, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 208; 1m, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Milionários Beach, Morro dos Navegantes, MZUESC 379; 2m, 07.V.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Back-door Beach, MZUESC 382; 1f, 10.VII.2004, Ilhéus, Olivença, Sirihyba Beach, MZUESC 472; 1m, 27.IV.2005, Ilhéus, Malhado Beach, MZUESC 503; 1m, 23.XI.2007, Prado, Cumuruxatiba Beach, MZUESC 1046. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006) as C. larvatus Ordway, 1863.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Pará to São Paulo) (Melo, 1996, as C. larvatus; Barros et al., 1997b, as C. larvatus).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 25 m (Melo, 1996, as C. larvatus). In beachs, on sand or rocky bottoms, also in areas close to river mouths. Salinity range: 24-35.
Previous records in Bahia: Callinectes larvatus – Smith (1869); Almeida et al. (2006, 2007a), Ilhéus and Camamu Bay, respectively; Almeida & Coelho (2008). Callinectes marginatus – Moreira (1901); Rathbun (1930), Porto Seguro (Thayer Exp., St. 102) and Rio Vermelho (Salvador, Hartt Explorations); Rodrigues da Costa (1968), St. 1831 (R/V Calypso, 20 m); Williams (1974), Plataforma (Salvador, Hartt Explorations), Madre de Deus Island and Ilhéus. Callinectes danae – Rathbun (1930) (in part), material from Plataforma (Salvador) (see Williams, 1974). Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863
Material examined: 1f, 18.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach, manual trawl, MZUESC 954; 1m, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Cara-velas River, St. 1, MZUESC 960. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul) (Melo, 1996).
Ecological notes: Shallow waters to 75 m, on sand and mud bottoms (Melo, 1996). The species was collected in shallow waters in estuaries, near river mouths. Salinity range: 36-39.
Previous records in Bahia: Smith (1869), Caravelas; Gouvêa & Leite (1980), Salvador; Gouvêa (1986b), Salvador; Coelho & Ramos-Porto (1992); Barreto et al. (1993); Almeida et al. (2006), Ilhéus, in estuaries; Almeida et al. (2007a, 2007b), Camamu Bay and Ilhéus (15-20 m), respectively; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896
Material examined: See material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts southwards, Central America, West Indies, Venezuela, Brazil (Alagoas to Rio Grande do Sul) to Argentina. Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Black seas. Western Pacific: Japan (Williams, 1984a; Melo, 1996; Calado, 2000).
Ecological notes: In estuaries, lagoons, bays, and fresh water (Melo, 1996).
Previous records in Bahia: Callinectes sapidus acutidens Rathbun, 1896 – Rathbun (1896, 1930), Santa Cruz (Thayer Exp.). Callinectes sapidus – Almeida et al. (2006), Ilhéus; Almeida et al. (2008b), Ilhéus and Itacaré (in fresh water); Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: Rathbun (1896) described the subspecies C. sapidus acutidens from material collected in Santa Cruz (= Santa Cruz Cabrália, near Porto Seguro) during the Thayer Expedition. However, the sub-species status of this form was invalided by Williams (1974).
Subfamily Thalamitinae Paul’son, 1875 Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
Material examined: 2m, 01.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Triana River, MZUESC 1275; 2m, 1f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 961; 8m, 4f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Farol Abrolhos Iate Clube, St. 2, MZUESC 964; 5m, 4f, 29.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, Barra de Caravelas, St. 4, MZUESC 968; 1f, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 1091. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guyana, and Brazil (Maranhão to Santa Catarina). Eastern Mediterranean: Egypt and Israel. Widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific (Mantelatto & Dias, 1999; Tavares & Amouroux, 2003; Feres et al., 2007).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 51 m. Mainly on soft bottoms, but also on hard substrata such as rocks and coral (Lemaitre, 1995). In the southern Bahia, the species was collected in estuaries, on a mud bottom, on a sand-mud bottom with broken shells, under tree trunks and rubble, and on the octocoral Carijoa riisei on a jetty. Salinity range: 24-38.
Previous records in Bahia: Carqueija & Gouvêa (1996), Todos os Santos Bay; Almeida et al. (2003, 2007a), Camamu Bay; Almeida et al. (2006), Ilhéus; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: Invasive swimming-crab, a native of the Indo-Pacific (Campos & Turkay, 1989; Lemaitre, 1995), a good example of a successful introduced marine species in the western Atlantic (Tavares & Amouroux, 2003). It was recorded for the first time on the coast of Bahia by Carqueija & Gouvêa (1996), in Todos os Santos Bay. Later, Almeida et al. (2003) obtained a specimen in Camamu Bay. A juvenile crab was collected in the estuary of Cachoeira River, Ilhéus (Almeida et al. 2006). Almeida et al. (2007a) reported the collection of 16 specimens at five stations, from July 2003 to September 2005, at Camamu Bay. Here we report the occurrence of C. hellerii at two additional localities, Boipeba Island and Caravelas. It appears that this crab is extremely abundant in the estuary of the Caravelas River, where it was found in a wide variety of microhabitats, including on the octocoral C. riisei. On the coast of Bahia the species has been reported only in bays and estuaries with wide mouths, with a strong marine influence.
Superfamily Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838 Family Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893 Subfamily Panopeinae Ortmann, 1893 Acantholobulus bermudensis (Benedict & Rathbun, 1891)
Material examined: 1m, 17.VIII.2007, Maraú, Tanque Island, T1, MZUESC 1099; 44m, 37f, 12ni, 28.VIII.2007, Caravelas, Caravelas River, St. 1, MZUESC 1092; 3m, 3f, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, near St. 2, MZUESC 821; 4m, 2f, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 2, MZUESC 825; 18m, 11f, 19.III.2007, Nova Viçosa, Pontal da Barra Beach, St. 3, MZUESC 839.
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Ceará to Santa Catarina) (Melo, 1996, as Panopeus bermudensis; Felder & Martin, 2003).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 15 m, in tide pools on rocky substrata, under rocks, and on oyster beds (Melo, 1996, as P. bermudensis). On sand and rocks, on polychaete sand reefs (probably Sabellariidae), among barnacles on a jetty, and on the octocoral Carijoa riisei. Depth range: 0-0.5 m. Salinity range: 28-36.
Previous records in Bahia: Panopeus bermudensis – Rathbun (1930), Bonfim (Salvador, Hartt Explorations); Joly et al. (1969), Abrolhos. Acantho-lobulus bermudensis – Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: Felder & Martin (2003) designated Panopeus bermudensis the type species of the genus, Acantholobulus.
Acantholobulus caribbaeus (Stimpson 1871)
Material examined: 1m, 3f, 01.VIII.2008, Cairú, Boipeba Island, Triana River, MZUESC 1276; 3m, 12.IX.2006, Maraú, Maraú River, MZUESC 1112; 1ni, 04.III.2004, Ilhéus, Acuípe River, St. 4, MZUESC 338; 4m, 1juv, 07.V.2008, Canavieiras, Patipe River, MZUESC 1241; 4juv, 09.III.2008, Belmonte, Mojiquiçaba River, MZUESC 1184. See also material cited by Almeida et al. (2006).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: West Indies, northern South America, and Brazil (Pará to Rio Grande do Sul) (Melo, 1996;Rieger et al., 1996).
Ecological notes: Intertidal to 55 m (Melo, 1996). On sand and mud bottoms, on decomposing material in general (leaves, tree trunks, and plants) in the intertidal and subtidal, on dead algae and fluid mud in the shallow subtidal, under rubble, and on Crassostrea rhizophorae beds. Salinity range: 3-36.
Previous records in Bahia: Hexapanopeus caribbaeus – Almeida et al. (2006), Ilhéus; Almeida & Coelho (2008).
Remarks: The molecular phylogenetic analysis performed by Thoma et al. (2009) strongly supported the inclusion of H. caribbaeus within the genus Acantholobulus.
Acantholobulus schmitti (Rathbun, 1930)
Material examined: 1m, 1f, 16.V.2007, Santa Cruz Cabrália, Coroa Vermelha Beach (reef), MZUESC 887; 2m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Mutá Beach (reef), MZUESC 920; 1m, 17.V.2007, Porto Seguro, Buranhem River, Municipal Pier of Porto Seguro,
