Chiasmocleis leucosticta (Boulenger, 1888) (Microhylidae) and Dendropsophus werneri (Cochran, 1952) (Hylidae) are endemic anurans of Atlantic forest (lato sensu) between the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina (Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn,n,, 1997; 3ombal Jr. and Bastos, 1998; Segalla and Langone 1999; %ertoluci and Rodrigues, 2002; 3ombal Jr. and * Gordo, 2004; Segalla and Langone, 2004; Dixo and Verdade, 2006; 0iranda et al., 2008; Condez, Sawaya and Dixo, 2009; &unha, Oliveira and Hartmann, 2010; Forlani et al., 2010; Garey and Hartmann, 2012; Araujo, Matsukuma and Ameida-Santos, 2013; Haddad et al., 2013; Oliveira and Rocha, 2014). Its geographic range). includes five ecoregions (Olson et al., 2001) as follows: Serra do Mar coastal forests (Werner, 1894; Lutz, 1973;
Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, 1997; 3ombal Jr. and Bastos, 1998; Segalla and Langone, 1999; Dixo and Verdade, 2006; *onsales, 2008; Miranda et al., 2008, Condez, Sawaya and Dixo, 2009, Narvaes, Bertoluci and Rodrigues, 2009; &unha, Oliveira and Hartmann,
010; )orlani et al., 2010; Wachlevski and Rocha, 2010;; arey and Hartmann, 2012; Zina et al., 2012; this work), South Atlantic mangroves (6egalla and Langone, 1999; 6egalla and Langone, 2004; Pombal Jr. and Gordo, 004; Oliveira and Rocha, 2014; GRnsales, 2008, Zina et al., 2012), Araucaria moist forests (Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, 1997; Conte and Rossa-Feres, 2006; Gonsales, 2008; &rivellari et al., 2014; this work), Alto;
Paraná Atlantic forest (Bertoluci and Rodrigues, 2002; Araujo, Matsukuma and Ameida-Santos, 201, Tonini, Forlani and Sá, 2014) and Uruguayan savannah (this work).
Herein we report the southernmost and additional records of C. leucosticta and D. werneri (Figure 1), based on herpetological surveys to the southern limit of Atlantic forest, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil and revision of herpetological collections of Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCN) and of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Additionally we present a map including all the records of these species (Figure 2, Appendix 1).
We found three new registers of Chiasmocleis leucosticta as follows: RIO GRANDE DO SUL State – 1) municipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara, Porto Fagundes near Gruta da BR-101 (-29.3993 and -49.8548); one juvenile collected on 06 May 2007 (MCN 14310) and two adults on 01 November 2007 (MCN 14311 and 14312) surveyed by pitfall traps near a remnant of marshy forest (circa 12 ha) surrounded mainly by rice crops and livestock; 2) municipality of
Southermost records of the anurans, Chiasmocleis leucosticta
(Boulenger, 1888) (Microhylidae) and Dendropsophus werneri
(Cochran, 1952) (Hylidae), in the Atlantic forest, Brazil
Marcelo Duarte Freire1, Patrick Colombo2,*, Caroline Zank3 and Suzielle Paiva Modkowski4
1 TEIA Projetos Ambientais Ltda, Rua Amazonas 180, 95520-000, Osório, RS, Brazil
2 Setor de Herpetologia/Anfíbios, Seção de Zoologia de Vertebrados, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Doutor Salvador França 1427, Jardim Botânico, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
3 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
4 Curso de Especialização em Inventariamento e Monitoramento de Fauna, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Dom Pedro de Alcântara, Porto Fagundes near Gruta da BR-101 (-29.4065 and -49.8518); one adult collected on 20 April 2008 (UFRGS 3335) was found dead under debris in a forested area; SANTA CATARINA State – 3) municipality of Campos Novos, near the Hidroeletric Power Plant of Campos Novos (-27.6044 and -51.3261); one adult collected on 25 January 2008 (MCN 14047).
We registered three new localities of Dendropsophus werneri: RIO GRANDE DO SUL state – 1) municipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara, near lagoa do Morro do Forno (-29.3865 and -49.8958); three adults collected on 30 September and 01 October 2008
(vouchered at herpetological collection of Museu de Ciências da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, MCP 11210, 11209 and 11211); these specimens was collected in lentic water bodies near rice crops and marshy forest remnants; 2) municipality of Três Cachoeiras, vicinal county road (-29.4390 and -49.9167); one adult collected on 20 October 2014 (MCN 14313); under debris between an open area and Eucalyptus plantation; 3) municipality of São Leopoldo, Parque Municipal Imperatriz Leopoldina (-29.7622 and -51.1316); two adults collected on 19 November 2009 (UFRGS 6582 and 6583); individuals collected in a temporary stream near a semideciduous alluvial forest fragment associated to the floodplain of Sinos river.
The new records of Chiasmocleis leucosticta are located 275 and 235 km from the previous record in Santa Catarina state, municipality of Florianópolis (Gonsales, 2008). This species presents explosive breeding when hundred of individuals can be surveyed visually (Haddad and Höld, 1997). However, Chiasmocleis leucosticta presents most records based on few individuals collected occasionally or by pitfall traps, indicating its cryptic habits (3ombal Jr. and Gordo, 2004; 'ixo and Verdade, 200; Cunha, Oliveira and Hartmann, 2010; Forlani et al., 2010 . In Dom Pedro de Alcântara C. leucosticta was collected just after two years (2006 to 2008) of monitoring pitfall traps.
The southernmost new records of Dendropsophus werneri are approximately 210 and 325 km from the previous record in Santa Catarina state, municipality of Palhoça (Wachlevski and Rocha, 2010). Even though D. werneri have been recorded in an ecoregion “non-forest”, the Uruguayan savannah, seems to be associated, with forest formations within this ecoregion. This pattern might be observed in species with the southern limit or with its distribution in the Uruguayan savannah as Aplastodiscus perviridis, Physalaemus lisei, Hypsiboas guentheri and Rhinella icterica (personal observation)..
Unlike the cryptic habits of C. leucosticta (3ombal Jr. and Gordo, 2004; 'ixo and Verdade, 2006; Cunha, Oliveira and Hartmann, 2010; Forlani et al., 2010), D. werneri is a common and conspicuous species (Pombal and Bastos, 1998) but never been recorded in other amphibian inventories nearby Dom Pedro de Alcântara and other localities of Rio Grande do Sul (Braun and Braun, 1980; Colombo et al., 2008; Kwet, Lingnau and Di Bernardo, 2010). These facts could be evidences that efforts of amphibian inventories in some areas of the region of the southern limit of Atlantic forest must be implemented to reveal new records and patterns of species distribution. These inventories will contribute Figure 1. Above, adult of Chiasmocleis leucosticta (snouth
vent length – 22.2 mm, MCN 14312) from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, Punicipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara, Porto Fagundes, marshy forest near Gruta da BR-101, -29.3993 and -49.8548, coordinates from collection site approximated from Google Earth™, photo by Jan Karel Felix Mähler Júnior;, below, adult of Dendropsophus werneri (snouth vent length approximately – 20.0 mm, unvouchered) from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, municipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara, Qear lagoa do Morro do Forno, -29.3865 and -49.8958, coordinates from collection site, photo by 3atrick Colombo.
to understand which factors as, habitat heterogeneity, habitat degradation, environmental changes, among others, could influence the presence of amphibian species in the region.
Acknowledgements. We are grateful to Iberê Farina Machado
who kindly reviewed and provided important corrections and suggestions in this manuscript. We also are grateful to Jan Karel Felix Mähler Júnior who friendly provided a photograph of
Chiasmocleis leucosticta, Diego Janisch for suggestions in the early versions of this manuscript, Marta Cremer for fieldwork support and IBAMA 001/2008 IBAMA/ CGFAP for the permit of collection.
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Appendix 1. List of records of Chiasmocleis leucosticta and
Dendropsophus werneri in Brazilian states of Rio Grande do
Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, with their coordinates and references. These records were used to generate the distribution map showed in Figure 2.
Chiasmocleis leucosticta – RIO GRANDE DO SUL: municipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara, Porto Fagundes, Gruta da BR-101 (this work), -29.4065 and -49.8518, coordinates from collection site approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara, Porto Fagundes marshy forest near Gruta da BR-101 (this work), -29.3993 and -49.8548, coordinates from collection site approximated from Google Earth™. SANTA CATARINA: municipality of Blumenau (Gonsales, 2008), -26.9199 and -49.0665, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Blumenau taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Camboriú, Santa Luzia (Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, 1997), 27.0723 and -48.7257, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Camboriú taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Campos Novos, Hydroelectric Power Plant Campos Novos (this work), -27.6044 and -51.3261, coordinates from the dam approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Corupá (Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, 1997), -26.4257 and -49.2434, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Corupá taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Florianópolis (Gonsales 2008), -27.5971 and -48.5496, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Florianópolis taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Indaial (Gonsales, 2008), -26.8982 and -49.2320, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Indaial taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Joinvile (Gonsales, 2008), -26.3049 and -48.8459, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Joinvile taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of São Bento do Sul (Gonsales, 2008) -26.2507 and -49.3790, coordinates from city proper of municipality of São Bento do Sul taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. PARANÁ: municipality of Castro, Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais (Crivellari et al., 2014), coordinates from the reference; municipality of Tibagi, Parque Estadual do Guartelá (Crivellari et al., 2014), -24.5693 and -50.2660, coordinates from the headquarter of Parque Estadual do Guartelá approximated from
Google Earth™; municipality of Morretes, Porto de Cima (Segalla and Langone, 1999), 25.4774 and -48.8346, coordinates from collection site approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Palmas, Refúgio de Vida Silvestre dos Campos de Palmas (Crivellari et al., 2014), coordinates from the reference; municipality of Pontal do Paraná, Pontal do Sul (Segalla and Langone, 2004), -25.6740 and -48.5115, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Pontal do Paraná taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística); municipality of São José dos Pinhais, Mato Castelhano, Área de Proteção Ambiental da Guaratuba (&unha, Oliveira and Hartmann, 2010), -25.7950 and 48.9116, coordinates Irom the reference; municipality of São José dos Pinhais, Serro e Gemido (Conte and Rossa-Feres, 2006), -25.6833 and 49.0500, coordinates from the reference. SÃO PAULO: municipality of Apiaí, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, núcleo Caboclos ($raujo, Matsukuma and Ameida-Santos),), -24.4188 and -48.5354, coordinates from collection site approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso (Segalla and Langone, 1999), -25.1338 and -47.9671, coordinates taken from the reference; municipality of Cotia, Reserva Florestal Morro Grande (Dixo and Verdade, 2006), -23.7012 and -46.9634, coordinate from the Reserva Florestal Morro Grande approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Diadema, Casa Grande (Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, 1997), -23.6865 and -46.6231, coordinate of the locality of Casa Grande approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Iguape, Estação Ecológica Juréia Itatins, região do rio Verde (Pombal Jr. and Gordo, 2004), -24.5541 and -47.2239, coordinates taken from the reference approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Ilhabela, ilha de São Sebastião (Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, 1997), -23.7773 and -45.3594, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Ilhabela taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Piedade (Condez, Sawaya and Dixo, 2009), -23.8893 and -47.4671, coordinates approximated from the map of the reference; municipality of Ribeirão Branco (Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, 1997), -24.2213 and -48.7659, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Ribeirão Branco taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Ribeirão Grande, Parque Estadual de Intervales (Bertolucci and Rodriguez, 2002), 24.0986 and -48.3719, coordinates from the headquarter of Parque Estadual de Intervales approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Sete Barras, Parque Estadual
Carlos Botelho (Tonini, Forlani and Sá, 2014), -24.1414 and -47.9740, coordinate from the Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, approximated from Google Earth™.
Dendropsophus werneri RIO GRANDE DO SUL: municipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara, near lagoa do Morro do Forno (this work), -29.3865 and -49.8958, coordinates from collection site; municipality of Três Cachoeiras (this work), -29.4390 and -49.9167, coordinates from collection site; municipality of São Leopoldo, Parque Municipal Imperatriz Leopoldina (this work), -29.7622 and -51.1316; coordinate from collection site. SANTA CATARINA: municipality of Angelina (Gonsales, 2008), -27.5690 and -48.9857, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Angelina taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Barra Velha (Gonsales, 2008), -26.6327 and -48.6851, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Barra Velha taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística); municipality of Blumenau (Werner, 1894; Frost, 2015), -26.9199 and -49.0665, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Blumenau taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística); municipality of Bombinhas (Gonsales 2008), -27.1321 and -48.5282, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Bombinhas taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Botuverá (Gonsales, 2008), -27.1999 and -49.0751, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Botuverá taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Brusque (Lutz, 1973), 27.0985 and -48.9179, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Brusque taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Camboriú, Santa Luzia (Lutz, 1973), 27.0723 and -48.7257, coordinates from the locality of Santa Luzia approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Corupá (Gonsales, 2008), -26.4257 and -49.2434, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Corupá taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Gaspar (Gonsales, 2008), -26.9318 and -48.9593, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Gaspar taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Guaramirim (Gonsales, 2008), -26.4735 and -49.0032, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Guaramirim taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e
Estatística; municipality of Indaial (Gonsales, 2008), -26.8982 and -49.2320, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Indaial taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Itajaí (Gonsales, 2008), 26.9082 and -48.6623, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Itajaí taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Itapema (Gonsales, 2008), -27.0907 and -48.6118, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Itapema taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Jaraguá do Sul (Gonsales, 2008), -26.4865 and -49.0670, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Jaraguá do Sul taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Joinvile (Lutz, 1973), -26.3049 and -48.8459, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Joinvile taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Navegantes (Gonsales, 2008), -26.89937 and -48.6545, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Navegantes taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Palhoça, Baixada do Maciambu, Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro (Wachlevski and Rocha, 2010), -27.8268 and -48.6201, coordinate of the Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Penha (Gonsales, 2008), -26.7699 and -48.6462, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Penha taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Piçarras (Gonsales, 2008), -26.7643 and -48.6720, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Piçarras taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Porto Belo (Gonsales, 2008), -27.1582 and -48.5534, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Porto Belo taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of São Bento do Sul (Gonsales, 2008), -26.2507 and -49.3790, coordinates from city proper of municipality of São Bento do Sul taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of São Francisco do Sul (Gonsales, 2008), -26.2438 and -48.6384, coordinates from city proper of municipality of São Francisco do Sul taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of São José (Gonsales, 2008), -27.6157 and -48.6279, coordinates from city proper of municipality of São José taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of São Pedro de Alcântara
(Gonsales, 2008), -27.5665 and -48.8057, coordinates from city proper of municipality of São Pedro de Alcântara taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. PARANÁ: municipality of Guaraqueçaba (Pombal Jr. and Bastos, 1998), -25.3071 and -48.3293, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Guaraqueçaba taken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; municipality of Guaraqueçaba, Reserva Natural Salto do Morato (Garey and Hartmann, 2012), -25.1500 and -48.3333, coordinate taken from the reference; municipality of Morretes, Estação II do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (Miranda et al., 2008), -25.4333 and -48.8666, coordinate taken from the reference; municipality of São José dos Pinhais, Mato Castelhano, APA da Guaratuba (Cunha, Oliveira and Hartmann, 2010), -25.7950 and -48.9116, coordinate taken from the reference. SÃO PAULO: municipality of Apiaí, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Núcleo Caboclos ($raujo, Matsukuma and Ameida-Santos 2013), -24.4188 and -48.5354, coordinate approximated from the map in the reference; municipality of Apiaí, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Núcleo Ouro Grosso ($raujo, Matsukuma and Ameida-Santos, 2013),3), W -24.5500 and -48.6833, coordinate approximated from the map in the reference; municipality of Cananéia, central portion of the island (Zina et al., 2012), -24.9332 and -47.8879, coordinates taken from reference; municipality of Iguape, Escola de Agricultura Engenheiro Narciso de Medeiros (Zina et al., 2012), -24.6872 and -47.5311, coordinates taken from reference; municipality of Iguape, Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins (Pombal Jr. and Gordo, 2004), -24.5541 and -47.2239, coordinate of Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins
approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Ilha Comprida, central-south region of the island (Zina et al., 2012), -25.0052 and -47.8718, coordinates taken from reference; municipality of Juquiá (Cochran, 1953; Frost, 2015), -24.2500 and -47.6351, coordinate of Fazenda Poço Grande, 8 km north of city proper of municipality of Juquiá approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Pariquera-Açu, Parque Estadual da Campina do Encantado (Zina et al., 2012), -24.6457 and -47.8110, coordinates taken from reference; municipality of Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, Núcleo Arpoador (Narvaes, Bertoluci and Rodrigues, 2009), -24.3883 and -47.0266, coordinate taken from reference; municipality of Ribeirão Grande, Parque Estadual de Intervales (Bertolucci and Rodriguez, 2002), -24.0986 and -48.3719, coordinate of Parque Estadual de Intervales approximated from Google Earth™; municipality of Sete Barras, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, Núcleo Sete Barras (Forlani et al., 010), -24.2000 and -47.9500, coordinate taken from
reference. RIO DE JANEIRO: municipality of Parati (Oliveira and Rocha, 2014), -23.2182 and -44.7134, coordinates from city proper of municipality of Parati aken from ©2014 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
