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A Concise Course in Statistical Inference

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All of Statistics: A Concise Course in

Statistical Inference

Brief Contents

1. Introduction………11

Part I Probability

2. Probability………...21

3. Random Variables……….……….37

4. Expectation………..69

5. Equalities……….85

6. Convergence of Random Variables………...89

Part II Statistical Inference

7. Models, Statistical Inference and Learning………105

8. Estimating the CDF and Statistical Functionals………117

9. The Bootstrap………129

10. Parametric Inference………..145

11. Hypothesis Testing and p-values………179

12. Bayesian Inference………..205

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14. Linear Regression………...245

15. Multivariate Models………...269

16. Inference about Independence………..279

17. Undirected Graphs and Conditional Independence………297

18. Loglinear Models………309

19. Causal Inference……….327

20. Directed Graphs……….343

21. Nonparametric curve Estimation……….359

22. Smoothing Using Orthogonal Functions..………393

23. Classification………..425

24. Stochastic Processes………473

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✆✍✟✏✎✒✑ ✓ ✔✕✆✗✖✘✎

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④❥⑤❁⑥❬⑤⑧⑦⑩⑨❴⑤⑧⑦⑩❶★⑨ ❘❊❷ ⑥✱⑤❪⑥✹❸✏⑦❲❹✘⑦❲❹❻❺ ✧✪●✢❂ ❸✍⑥❇❶✐❼❽⑦⑩❹❻❾➀❿◆❾✷⑥✱➁❍❹❽⑦❲❹❽❺ ✧❍✾✿✜♥✧✪✩✳✩❇❈◗✥✦●✢❈◗✜▲✾✿●✱✜▲❂❤❡❜✰q✭✯✚ ❈▲✥✦✩✺✩✳✜◗❈◗✭✯✰✺●✢✣✹✧❍●✢❂✗✧✪●❇✧❍✩✺■✷➂▲✰✺●✢✣✹❂❇✧❍✭✯✧✱❛✌➃❇✥✦✾t✲✿✥✦❚✤✜❃✭✿✰✳❚✤✜✪❘①✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈◗✲❞✾❅✜▲✲✿✜▲✧✪✾✿❈❉✚❝❡r✧✪✲▼❈▲✥✪●❬❩ ❂✢❋✢❈❴✭✯✜▲❂➀✰✺●❤✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲❅✭✿✰✳❈◗✲r❂✢✜◗✼❇✧✪✾❅✭✿❚❃✜◗●★✭✯✲r❡❜✚✢✰✺✩✳✜♥❂❇✧❍✭✯✧t❚✤✰✳●✢✰✺●✢✣❞✧❍●✢❂✈❚❃✧✪❈❉✚✢✰✳●✱✜♠✩✺✜❪✧✪✾❅●✢✰✳●✢✣❭✾✿✜➄❩ ✲✿✜▲✧✪✾✿❈❉✚❭❡s✧✪✲❽❈▲✥✪●✢❂✢❋✢❈❴✭✯✜▲❂t✰✳●❭❈▲✥✦❚✤✼✢❋✱✭✿✜▲✾➅✲❅❈▲✰✳✜◗●✢❈▲✜✮❂✢✜◗✼❇✧✪✾❅✭✿❚❃✜◗●★✭✯✲▲❛✫➆✷✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈◗✰❨✧✪●✱✲❥✭✯✚✢✥✪❋✢✣✦✚★✭ ✭✯✚❇✧✐✭✈❈▲✥✪❚❃✼✢❋❬✭✯✜▲✾❃✲✿❈◗✰✳✜▲●★✭✿✰✳✲❅✭✿✲❤❡➇✜▲✾✿✜✌✾❅✜▲✰✺●❊❀✪✜▲●★✭✯✰✺●✢✣✍✭✿✚✢✜❑❡❜✚✢✜◗✜▲✩➈❛➊➉r✥✦❚❃✼✱❋✱✭✯✜◗✾❤✲✿❈◗✰✳✜◗●❊✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✲ ✭✯✚✢✥✪❋✢✣✦✚★✭❜✭✯✚❇✧❍✭❜✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈▲✧✪✩❥✭✿✚✢✜▲✥✦✾P■➀❂✢✰✺❂✢●♦➋➌✭♥✧✪✼✢✼✢✩q■❤✭✯✥❯✭✯✚✱✜▲✰✳✾✛✼✱✾✿✥✦✴✢✩✺✜▲❚✤✲▲❛

(4)

✾✯✧❍✩✶●✢✜❴✭✯✲◗❘✢✴✶✥✷✥✦✲P✭✯✰✳●✱✣▼✧✪●✢❂➀✲❅❋✢✼✢✼❳✥✦✾❅✭r❀✦✜▲❈❴✭✯✥✦✾✛❚❃✧✪❈❉✚✢✰✺●✢✜▲✲✮❡❜✰✺✭✿✚✢✥✦❋✱✭✛❋✱●✢❂✢✜▲✾❅✲❅✭✯✧✪●✢❂✢✰✺●✢✣❖✴❇✧✪✲❅✰✳❈ ✲❅✭✯✧❍✭✯✰✺✲❅✭✿✰✳❈▲✲✛✰✺✲✛✩✳✰✺✸✪✜③❂✢✥✦✰✺●✢✣❖✴✢✾✿✧✪✰✳●❄✲✿❋✱✾✿✣✦✜◗✾❅■❄✴❳✜◗✬◆✥✦✾❅✜③✸✷●✱✥⑧❡❜✰✺●✢✣✤✚✢✥❁❡ ✭✯✥✤❋✢✲❅✜t✧❖✴❇✧❍●✢❂❇✧✪✰✺❂♦❛

✧r❋✱✭❃❡❜✚✢✜▲✾❅✜✌❈❪✧✪●✉✲P✭✯❋✢❂✢✜◗●★✭✯✲➀✩✳✜▲✧✪✾✿● ✴❇✧✪✲❅✰✳❈✹✼✢✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✱✰✳✩✳✰q✭❏■❝✧✪●✢❂ ✲❅✭❉✧✐✭✯✰✳✲P✭✯✰✺❈▲✲❤②❊❋✢✰✺❈❉✸❊✩✺■✩★ ✇♠✥❁❡❜✚✢✜◗✾✿✜❍❛❭➏s✭✻✩✳✜❪✧❍✲❅✭❪❘❳✭✯✚❇✧✐✭✻❡s✧❍✲✻❚❞■❵❈▲✥✦●✢❈◗✩✳❋✢✲❅✰✳✥✦●❵❡❜✚✢✜▲● ❚❞■✽❈▲✥✪❚❃✼✢❋❬✭✯✜▲✾➐✲✿❈▲✰✺✜▲●✢❈◗✜❖❈▲✥✦✩❩ ✩✳✜▲✧✪✣✦❋✢✜◗✲➅✸✪✜◗✼✱✭✘✧✪✲✿✸❊✰✳●✱✣♥❚✤✜✫✪✣✬✕✭ ✚✢✜▲✾❅✜✮❈▲✧✪●✵❦✶✲❅✜▲●✢❂t❚❞■✻✲P✭✯❋✢❂✱✜▲●★✭✯✲❻✭✯✥✛✣✦✜❴✭✘✧s✣✦✥❬✥✷❂✵✧✛❋✢●✢❂✢✜◗✾P❩ ✲❅✭✯✧✪●✢❂✢✰✺●✢✣✽✥✪✬r❚✤✥✷❂✢✜▲✾❅●✞✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲❅✭✿✰✳❈◗✲③②✷❋✱✰✳❈❉✸❊✩✺■✩★✯✮ ✙✛✚✢✜❯✭❏■❬✼✱✰✳❈❪✧❍✩✫❚❤✧❍✭✿✚✢✜▲❚❃✧❍✭✿✰✳❈❪✧❍✩➎✲❅✭✯✧❍✭✯✰✺✲❅✭✯✰✺❈ ❈▲✥✪❋✢✾✿✲❅✜❵✲❅✼✶✜◗●✢❂✢✲❤✭✿✥❬✥ ❚▼❋✢❈❉✚ ✭✯✰✺❚❃✜❄✥✦●❝✭✯✜◗❂✢✰✳✥✦❋✱✲❤✧✪●✱❂ ❋✢●✱✰✳●✢✲❅✼✢✰✳✾❅✰✳●✢✣✌✭✯✥✪✼✢✰✳❈◗✲✹❱◆❈▲✥✦❋✢●★✭✿✰✳●✢✣ ❚✤✜◗✭✯✚✱✥❬❂✢✲◗❘✢✭❏❡r✥✤❂✢✰✺❚❃✜◗●✢✲✿✰✺✥✦●❇✧✪✩✶✰✳●★✭✯✜◗✣✦✾✯✧✪✩✺✲✛✜◗✭✿❈✪❛❫❃✧❍✭✛✭✿✚✢✜t✜➄❣❬✼✶✜◗●✢✲✿✜❭✥✪✬➎❈◗✥❁❀✦✜▲✾❅✰✳●✢✣✤❚✤✥❬❂✢✜◗✾✿● ❈▲✥✪●✢❈▲✜◗✼✱✭✯✲❃❱❲✴❳✥✷✥✪✭✯✲P✭✯✾✯✧❍✼✢✼✢✰✳●✱✣✢❘♦❈▲❋✱✾❅❀✦✜❯✜◗✲❅✭✯✰✺❚❤✧✐✭✯✰✳✥✪●♦❘❥✣✦✾✿✧✪✼✢✚✢✰✺❈❪✧✪✩✘❚❃✥✷❂✢✜◗✩✳✲➐✜❴✭✯❈❍❛❫➄❛❯➆❬✥❄❦♠✲❅✜◗✭ ✥✦❋✱✭❜✭✿✥❃✾❅✜▲❂✢✜◗✲✿✰✳✣✪●❵✥✦❋✱✾♥❋✱●✢❂✢✜▲✾❅✣✦✾✯✧❍❂✢❋❇✧❍✭✿✜t✚✢✥✪●✢✥✦✾✿✲♥❈▲✥✪❋✢✾✿✲❅✜t✥✦●✽✼✢✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✢✰✺✩✳✰q✭❏■✈✧✪●✱❂❑❚❃✧❍✭✯✚✢✜➄❩ ❚❃✧❍✭✯✰✺❈❪✧✪✩➅✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲❅✭✿✰✳❈◗✲▲❛♥✙✛✚✢✰✳✲♠✴✶✥✷✥✦✸✽✧✪✾✿✥✪✲✿✜t✬◆✾❅✥✦❚ ✭✯✚❇✧✐✭✻❈▲✥✪❋✢✾✿✲❅✜✪❛✘✰♥✜▲✾✿✜t✰✳✲➐✧❤✲✿❋✢❚✤❚❃✧✪✾❅■❄✥✪✬ ✭✯✚✱✜❭❚❃✧✪✰✺●✈✬◆✜❪✧❍✭✿❋✢✾✿✜◗✲♥✥❍✬✘✭✿✚✢✰✳✲✛✴❳✥❬✥✪✸❳❛

❛❜✙✛✚✢✜➐✴✶✥✷✥✦✸❯✰✳✲✮✲✿❋✢✰q✭❉✧✪✴✱✩✳✜♠✬◆✥✪✾➇✚✢✥✪●✢✥✦✾✿✲r❋✢●✢❂✢✜◗✾✿✣✦✾✿✧✪❂✢❋❇✧❍✭✿✜▲✲s✰✺●✈❚❃✧❍✭✯✚♦❘✷✲❅✭✯✧❍✭✯✰✺✲❅✭✿✰✳❈▲✲➇✧✪●✢❂ ❈◗✥✦❚❃✼✱❋✱✭✯✜◗✾➇✲❅❈▲✰✳✜◗●✢❈▲✜✻✧✪✲➇❡➇✜▲✩✺✩❥✧✪✲➇✣✦✾✯✧❍❂✢❋❇✧❍✭✿✜➐✲❅✭✿❋✢❂✢✜◗●❊✭✿✲✛✰✳●❃❈▲✥✦❚✤✼✢❋✱✭✿✜▲✾r✲❅❈▲✰✺✜▲●✢❈◗✜✻✧✪●✢❂ ✥✪✭✿✚✢✜▲✾✛②❊❋❇✧❍●❊✭✿✰✺✭✯✧❍✭✯✰q❀✦✜③♣❇✜▲✩✺❂✢✲▲❛

❛❜❦✈❈◗✥❁❀✦✜▲✾✹✧✪❂✱❀❍✧✪●✢❈◗✜▲❂ ✭✿✥✦✼✢✰✳❈◗✲✽✭✿✚❇✧❍✭❑✧✪✾✿✜ ✭✯✾✿✧✪❂✢✰q✭✯✰✳✥✪●❇✧✪✩✳✩q■ ●✢✥✪✭✽✭❉✧✪❋✢✣✪✚❊✭❑✰✳● ✧ ♣❇✾❅✲❅✭ ❈◗✥✦❋✢✾✿✲❅✜✪❛ ➃❇✥✦✾❃✜➄❣✱✧✪❚❃✼✱✩✳✜✪❘r●✢✥✦●✢✼❇✧❍✾✯✧✪❚✤✜◗✭✿✾✿✰✳❈❄✾❅✜▲✣✦✾❅✜▲✲✿✲❅✰✳✥✦●❥❘✛✴✶✥✷✥✪✭✯✲P✭✯✾✿✧✪✼✢✼✢✰✺●✢✣✢❘r❂✱✜▲●❬❩ ✲❅✰✺✭❏■✈✜◗✲❅✭✿✰✳❚❃✧❍✭✯✰✺✥✦●❄✧✪●✢❂✽✣✦✾✯✧❍✼✢✚✢✰✳❈▲✧✪✩❥❚✤✥✷❂✢✜▲✩✺✲▲❛

❛❜❦❖✚❇✧❪❀✪✜✹✥✦❚✤✰✺✭✿✭✿✜▲❂ ✭✯✥✦✼✢✰✺❈▲✲❃✰✳● ✼✱✾✿✥✦✴❇✧❍✴✢✰✳✩✺✰✺✭❏■✗✭✯✚✢✧❍✭✈❂✢✥✍●✢✥✪✭✈✼✱✩❨✧❪■ ✧✞❈▲✜◗●★✭✯✾✯✧❍✩➐✾✿✥✪✩✳✜ ✰✺●✏✲❅✭✯✧❍✭✯✰✺✲❅✭✯✰✺❈❪✧✪✩✮✰✳●❬✬◆✜▲✾✿✜◗●✢❈▲✜❍❛❆➃ ✥✪✾❞✜❴❣✱✧✪❚✤✼✢✩✺✜✪❘✫❈▲✥✪❋✢●★✭✯✰✳●✱✣✌❚❃✜❴✭✯✚✢✥✷❂✢✲▼✧❍✾✿✜❤❀✷✰✳✾P✭✯❋❇✧❍✩✳✩✺■ ✧✪✴✱✲✿✜▲●★✭▲❛

✲ ❛❜❦❏● ✣✦✜▲●✱✜▲✾✯✧❍✩➈❘✮❦t✭✯✾P■✗✭✯✥❆✧❪❀✦✥✦✰✺❂ ✴❳✜▲✩✳✧✪✴❳✥✦✾✿✰✺●✢✣✹✭✯✜◗❂✢✰✳✥✦❋✱✲✤❈▲✧✪✩✳❈◗❋✢✩❨✧✐✭✯✰✳✥✪●✢✲▼✰✳●❝✬❲✧❪❀✦✥✦✾❯✥✪✬ ✜◗❚❃✼✢✚✢✧✪✲✿✰✺➂▲✰✳●✱✣❖❈▲✥✦●✢❈◗✜▲✼✱✭✿✲▲❛

✳ ❛❜❦✶❈▲✥❁❀✦✜◗✾①●✢✥✦●✱✼❇✧✪✾✯✧❍❚❃✜❴✭✯✾✿✰✺❈❙✰✳●✱✬◆✜◗✾✿✜▲●✱❈▲✜✮✴✶✜❴✬◆✥✦✾✿✜✮✼❇✧✪✾✿✧✪❚❃✜❴✭✯✾❅✰✳❈✫✰✳●❬✬◆✜▲✾✿✜◗●✢❈▲✜❍❛①✙✛✚✢✰✺✲✘✰✺✲➅✭✯✚✢✜ ✥✦✼✱✼✶✥✦✲❅✰✺✭✿✜✫✥✪✬✱❚✤✥✦✲P✭✘✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈◗✲➅✴✶✥✷✥✦✸❊✲❻✴✢❋✱✭❽❦❥✴❳✜▲✩✺✰✳✜❴❀✦✜❙✰✺✭❻✰✺✲♦✭✯✚✢✜✮✾✿✰✺✣✦✚★✭➅❡s✧❪■③✭✯✥♥❂✢✥❜✰✺✭▲❛ ✴✘✧✪✾✯✧✪❚✤✜◗✭✿✾✿✰✺❈❭❚✤✥✷❂✢✜▲✩✺✲♠✧❍✾✿✜❞❋✱●✢✾✿✜▲✧✪✩✳✰✺✲❅✭✯✰✺❈❭✧✪●✢❂❑✼❳✜▲❂✢✧✪✣✦✥✦✣✦✰✺❈❪✧✪✩✺✩✺■❤❋✢●✢●❇✧❍✭✿❋✢✾✯✧❍✩➈❛❭❱✵✰♥✥❁❡ ❡➇✥✦❋✢✩✺❂❃❡➇✜➐✸❊●✢✥❁❡ ✭✯✚✢✜♥✜◗❀✪✜▲✾❅■❊✭✿✚✢✰✳●✢✣❯✧❍✴✶✥✦❋❬✭➇✭✿✚✢✜♠❂✱✰✳✲❅✭✿✾✿✰✺✴✢❋✱✭✯✰✺✥✦●✤✜❴❣❬❈▲✜◗✼✱✭s✬◆✥✦✾❙✥✦●✢✜♠✥✦✾ ✭❏❡➇✥▼✼❇✧✪✾✿✧✪❚✤✜◗✭✯✜◗✾✿✲✶★✐❫❞❦✫✰✺●★✭✯✾✿✥✷❂✢❋✢❈◗✜♠✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈▲✧✪✩❇✬◆❋✢●✢❈❴✭✯✰✳✥✪●❇✧✪✩✳✲✮✧✪●✱❂✈✴✶✥✷✥✪✭✿✲❅✭✯✾✿✧✪✼✢✼✢✰✺●✢✣ ❀✪✜▲✾❅■❄✜▲✧✪✾✿✩q■➀✧✪●✱❂❵✲P✭✯❋✢❂✢✜◗●★✭✯✲❜♣❇●✢❂❄✭✯✚✢✰✺✲✛②✷❋✱✰✺✭✯✜✵●❇✧✐✭✯❋✢✾✿✧✪✩➈❛

(5)

❡➇✥✦❋✢✩✳❂❭✴❳✜r✧❜❈▲✾❅✰✳❚✤✜✮✰q✬❬✭✿✚✢✜◗■✵❂✱✰✳❂❭●✢✥✪✭❽✲✿✜◗✜s✧✪●★■✵✲❅✭✯✧❍✭✯✰✺✲❅✭✿✰✳❈❪✧❍✩✪✭✯✚✢✜◗✥✦✾❅■✪❛➎➃❇❋✢✾P✭✯✚✢✜◗✾✿❚✤✥✦✾✿✜❍❘ ✼✢✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✢✰✺✩✳✰q✭❏■❵✰✺✲✻❚✤✥✦✾✿✜❖✜◗●✢✣★✧✪✣✦✰✺●✢✣❤❡❜✚✢✜◗●✞✲P✭✯❋✢❂✱✜▲●★✭✯✲❭❈❪✧✪● ✲❅✜▲✜❯✰✺✭③✼✱❋✱✭③✭✯✥➀❡➇✥✦✾✿✸✹✰✺● ✭✯✚✱✜❭❈◗✥✦●★✭✯✜➄❣❬✭♠✥✪✬✘✲❅✭✯✧❍✭✯✰✺✲❅✭✯✰✺❈▲✲◗❛

✁ ❛❜✙✛✚✢✜✌❈◗✥✦❋✢✾✿✲❅✜ ❚❃✥❁❀✦✜◗✲✈❀✦✜◗✾❅■✉②❊❋✢✰✺❈❉✸✷✩q■✉✧✪●✱❂✉❈▲✥❁❀✦✜◗✾✿✲✽❚▼❋✢❈❉✚ ❚❤✧✐✭✯✜▲✾❅✰❨✧✪✩⑩❛✄✂✽■ ❈▲✥✦✩❩ ✩✳✜▲✧✪✣✦❋✢✜◗✲✆☎❅✥✦✸✪✜❯✭✯✚❇✧✐✭✵❦➐❈▲✥❁❀✪✜▲✾▼✧❍✩✳✩➎✥✪✬➇✲❅✭✯✧❍✭✯✰✺✲❅✭✿✰✳❈▲✲③✰✺●❆✭✿✚✢✰✳✲③❈◗✥✦❋✢✾❅✲✿✜❃✧✪●✢❂❆✚✢✜▲●✢❈◗✜❃✭✿✚✢✜ ✭✯✰q✭✯✩✺✜✪❛❽✙✛✚✢✜s❈▲✥✪❋✢✾✿✲❅✜✛✰✳✲➎❂✢✜◗❚❤✧❍●✢❂✢✰✳●✱✣✻✴✢❋✱✭✫❦❻✚❇✧❪❀✪✜s❡r✥✦✾❅✸✪✜◗❂❃✚❇✧❍✾✿❂▼✭✯✥➐❚❤✧✪✸❍✜r✭✯✚✱✜s❚❤✧⑧❩ ✭✯✜◗✾✿✰✳✧✪✩★✧✪✲❽✰✳●★✭✯❋✱✰✺✭✯✰q❀✦✜❙✧✪✲❽✼❳✥✦✲✿✲❅✰✳✴✢✩✺✜✫✲✿✥♠✭✿✚❇✧❍✭❻✭✯✚✱✜➇❚❃✧❍✭✯✜◗✾✿✰✳✧✪✩✪✰✺✲❻❀✪✜▲✾P■t❋✱●✢❂✢✜▲✾❅✲❅✭✯✧✪●✢❂❇✧✪✴✱✩✳✜ ❂✢✜◗✲✿✼✢✰q✭✯✜③✭✯✚✢✜③✬❲✧✪✲P✭♥✼❇✧✪❈▲✜❍❛❙➏➐●★■❊❡s✧❪■✦❘❳✲✿✩✺✥❁❡ ❈◗✥✦❋✢✾✿✲❅✜▲✲♠✧✪✾✿✜✵✴❳✥✦✾✿✰✺●✢✣✢❛

✝ ❛❜➏➐✲✟✞♥✰✺❈❉✚❇✧✪✾❅❂ ➃❇✜◗■✷●✢❚❃✧✪● ✼✶✥✦✰✺●★✭✯✜▲❂ ✥✦❋✱✭▲❘s✾✿✰✺✣✦✥✦✾❯✧✪●✢❂ ❈▲✩❨✧❍✾✿✰✺✭❏■✗✧✪✾✿✜✽●✢✥✪✭❃✲❅■✷●✢✥✦●★■★❩ ❚✤✥✦❋✢✲▲❛➐❦♥✚✢✧❁❀✪✜▼✭✯✾❅✰✳✜▲❂❵✭✯✥✈✲P✭✯✾✿✰✺✸✪✜❖✧❃✣✦✥❬✥✷❂✹✴❇✧❍✩❨✧✪●✢❈◗✜✪❛✻✙❽✥➀✧❪❀✦✥✪✰✳❂✌✣✦✜❴✭✿✭✯✰✺●✢✣❤✴❳✥✦✣✦✣✪✜▲❂ ❂✢✥❁❡❜●▼✰✺●❞❋✢●✢✰✺●★✭✯✜▲✾❅✜▲✲P✭✯✰✳●✱✣♠✭✯✜◗❈❉✚✢●✢✰✺❈❪✧✪✩✷❂✢✜◗✭✯✧✪✰✳✩✺✲▲❘⑧❚❃✧✪●★■t✾❅✜▲✲❅❋✢✩✺✭✿✲①✧✪✾❅✜r✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✜▲❂t❡❜✰q✭✯✚✢✥✪❋✱✭ ✼✢✾❅✥❬✥✪✬ ❛❵✙✛✚✢✜➀✴✢✰✺✴✢✩✳✰✺✥✦✣✦✾✯✧❍✼✢✚✢✰✳❈❖✾❅✜◗✬◆✜◗✾✿✜▲●✱❈▲✜▲✲❯✧✐✭❞✭✯✚✱✜✈✜▲●✢❂✗✥❍✬❜✜❪✧✪❈❉✚✗❈❉✚❇✧❍✼✱✭✯✜◗✾❖✼✶✥✦✰✺●★✭ ✭✯✚✱✜❭✲P✭✯❋✢❂✱✜▲●★✭♠✭✿✥✤✧✪✼✢✼✢✾❅✥✦✼✢✾✿✰✳✧❍✭✯✜③✲❅✥✦❋✢✾❅❈▲✜▲✲◗❛

❛☛✡✻●❞❚❞■③❡➇✜▲✴✱✲✿✰✺✭✿✜✛✧✪✾❅✜✮♣❇✩✺✜▲✲❻❡❜✰✺✭✿✚☞✞✗❈▲✥✷❂✢✜❙❡❜✚✢✰✳❈❉✚▼✲P✭✯❋✢❂✱✜▲●★✭✯✲➎❈▲✧✪●❞❋✱✲✿✜➇✬◆✥✪✾✘❂✢✥✪✰✳●✢✣♠✧✪✩✳✩ ✭✯✚✱✜➐❈▲✥✪❚❃✼✢❋❬✭✯✰✳●✱✣✢❛☎✰♥✥⑧❡➇✜◗❀✪✜▲✾◗❘✱✭✯✚✢✜♠✴✶✥✷✥✦✸❖✰✺✲✮●✱✥✪✭➇✭✿✰✳✜◗❂❃✭✯✥✌✞ ✧✪●✢❂✈✧❍●❊■✤❈◗✥✦❚❃✼✱❋✱✭✯✰✺●✢✣ ✩❨✧❍●✢✣✦❋❇✧✪✣✪✜✻❈❪✧✪●✽✴❳✜❭❋✱✲✿✜▲❂❥❛

✙✛✚✢✜♠♣❇✾❅✲❅✭➇✼❇✧✪✾P✭r✥✪✬✶✭✯✚✢✜♥✭✯✜➄❣❬✭➇✰✳✲❙❈◗✥✦●✢❈▲✜◗✾✿●✢✜◗❂✈❡❜✰✺✭✿✚❃✼✢✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✱✰✳✩✳✰q✭❏■❞✭✿✚✢✜▲✥✦✾P■✦❘❊✭✯✚✢✜❜✬◆✥✦✾❅❚❤✧✪✩ ✩❨✧✪●✱✣✦❋❇✧✪✣✦✜③✥❍✬①❋✢●✱❈▲✜▲✾P✭❉✧✪✰✺●★✭❏■➀❡❜✚✢✰✳❈❉✚✽✰✳✲s✭✿✚✢✜✵✴❇✧✪✲✿✰✺✲❜✥✪✬①✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈▲✧✪✩♦✰✺●✱✬◆✜▲✾❅✜▲●✢❈◗✜✪❛❙✙✛✚✢✜❭✴❇✧✪✲✿✰✺❈ ✼✢✾✿✥✪✴✢✩✳✜◗❚☎✭✯✚✢✧❍✭❜❡r✜✵✲❅✭✿❋✢❂✱■❄✰✺●✽✼✱✾✿✥✦✴❇✧❍✴✢✰✳✩✺✰✺✭❏■❃✰✳✲ ✪

✍✏✎✑✓✒✕✔✗✖✙✘✚✖✜✛✢✖✙✣✤✒✥✔✓✒✥✦✧✖✓✛★✎✩✔✓✣✫✪✥✦✭✬✯✮✰✒✲✱✢✱✰✳✵✴✷✶✕✖✜✛✸✖✥✦✧✒✹✛✺✶✓✒✗✪✥✦✭✬✵✪✻✒✕✦✭✛★✎✼✒✰✱✽✬✤✾✿✛✺✶✓✒❀✬✵❁✜✛❃❂ ✮✲✬✯❄✹✒✰✱★❅

✙✛✚✢✜✮✲✿✜▲❈◗✥✦●✢❂❭✼❇✧✪✾P✭❻✥✪✬❬✭✿✚✢✜❙✴✶✥✷✥✦✸♠✰✳✲❻✧✪✴❳✥✦❋✱✭❻✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲❅✭✿✰✳❈▲✧✪✩✪✰✺●✱✬◆✜▲✾❅✜▲●✢❈◗✜➇✧❍●✢❂t✰q✭✯✲➅❈◗✩✳✥✦✲❅✜✫❈▲✥✦❋✢✲❅✰✳●✢✲◗❘ ❂❇✧❍✭✯✧✵❚✤✰✳●✱✰✳●✢✣③✧❍●✢❂❯❚❤✧✪❈❉✚✱✰✳●✢✜✛✩✺✜❪✧✪✾❅●✢✰✳●✢✣✱❛✘✙✛✚✢✜❜✴❇✧❍✲✿✰✳❈✛✼✱✾✿✥✦✴✢✩✺✜▲❚ ✥✪✬❳✲❅✭❉✧✐✭✯✰✳✲P✭✯✰✺❈❪✧✪✩❬✰✳●✱✬◆✜◗✾✿✜▲●✱❈▲✜ ✰✳✲s✭✿✚✢✜✵✰✳●★❀✦✜◗✾✿✲✿✜❭✥✪✬✘✼✢✾✿✥✪✴❇✧✪✴✢✰✺✩✳✰✺✭❏■ ✪

✍✏✎✑✓✒✕✔❆✛✺✶✓✒❇✬✵❁✜✛❈✮✲✬✯❄✹✒✰✱✰✳✵✴✷✶✕✖✜✛✸✮✲✖✚✔❇✴❉✒❀✱❊✖●❋✌✖■❍✻✬✯❁✜✛✏✛✺✶✓✒☞✪✥✦✭✬✯✮✰✒✲✱✢✱✆✛✺✶✕✖✓✛❏✣✻✒✕✔✓✒✥✦❑❂ ✖✜✛❈✒✲✘▲✛✺✶✓✒❆✘✚✖✜✛✢✖✤❅

(6)

▼③✧❍✭✯✧❖✣✦✜▲●✢✜◗✾✯✧❍✭✿✰✳●✢✣❯✼✢✾❅✥❬❈◗✜▲✲❅✲

✡✻✴✢✲✿✜◗✾❅❀✪✜▲❂❑❂✢✧❍✭❉✧ ✴❙✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✱✰✳✩✳✰q✭❏■

❦❏●✱✬◆✜▲✾❅✜▲●✢❈◗✜❞✧❍●✢❂ ▼③✧✐✭❉✧ ✂❵✰✺●✢✰✳●✢✣

➃①✰✺✣✦❋✢✾✿✜

✪ ✴✫✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✢✰✺✩✳✰q✭❏■✈✧✪●✱❂✽✰✺●✱✬◆✜▲✾❅✜▲●✢❈◗✜✪❛

✭✯✚✱✜❑✴❳✥❬✥✦✸✗❈◗✥✦●★✭❉✧✪✰✺●✢✲✤✥✦●✢✜❑❚✤✥✦✾❅✜❵❈❉✚❇✧❍✼✱✭✯✜◗✾❤✥✦●✕✼✱✾✿✥✦✴❇✧❍✴✢✰✳✩✺✰✺✭❏■✍✭✿✚❇✧❍✭❤❈▲✥❁❀✦✜◗✾✿✲✈✲P✭✯✥✷❈❉✚❇✧✪✲❅✭✿✰✳❈ ✼✢✾❅✥❬❈◗✜▲✲✿✲❅✜▲✲♥✰✳●✢❈◗✩✳❋✢❂✱✰✳●✢✣ ✂❑✧❍✾✿✸✪✥❁❀❄❈❉✚❇✧❍✰✳●✢✲◗❛

❦❤✚❇✧❪❀✪✜❆❂✱✾✯✧❪❡❜● ✚✢✜▲✧❪❀❬✰✺✩✺■ ✥✦● ✥✪✭✯✚✢✜◗✾➀✴✶✥✷✥✦✸❊✲❄✰✳● ❚❃✧✪●★■✕✼✢✩✳✧✪❈▲✜◗✲▲❛ ✂❵✥✦✲P✭✽❈❉✚❇✧✪✼✱✭✿✜▲✾✿✲ ❈▲✥✪●❊✭✯✧✪✰✳● ✧✏✲❅✜▲❈❴✭✯✰✳✥✪●❢❈▲✧✪✩✳✩✺✜▲❂ ✧r✰✺✩✳✴✢✩✺✰✳✥✦✣✪✾✯✧✪✼✢✚✱✰✳❈ ✞❜✜▲❚❃✧✪✾✿✸❊✲✈❡❜✚✢✰✺❈❉✚❢✲❅✜▲✾P❀✦✜▲✲✽✴❳✥✪✭✯✚✉✭✯✥❝✧❍❈❴❩ ✸❊●✢✥❁❡❜✩✳✜◗❂✢✣✦✜✽❚❞■❝❂✢✜▲✴❬✭❃✭✿✥✍✥✪✭✿✚✢✜▲✾❃✧✪❋✱✭✿✚✢✥✦✾✿✲❃✧✪●✢❂❝✭✯✥✞✼✶✥✪✰✳●★✭✤✾✿✜❪✧❍❂✢✜▲✾❅✲✤✭✿✥✍✥✪✭✿✚✢✜▲✾❯❋✢✲❅✜◗✬◆❋✢✩ ✾✿✜❴✬◆✜▲✾❅✜▲●✢❈◗✜▲✲▲❛✉❦t❡r✥✦❋✱✩✳❂ ✜▲✲✿✼❳✜▲❈◗✰❨✧✪✩✺✩✺■✗✩✺✰✳✸❍✜❄✭✿✥✞❚✤✜▲●★✭✿✰✳✥✦●✗✭✯✚✱✜❵✴❳✥❬✥✪✸✷✲✤✴★■ ▼✻✜

✾✿✥✷✥✪✭✤✧✪●✢❂ ➆❬❈❉✚✢✜◗✾❅❀✷✰✳✲❅✚ ❱ ✄✂☎✂✑ ❫♠✧✪●✱❂

(7)

✛✢✖✜✛★✎✼✱❈✛★✎✼✮✲✱✂✁☎✄◆✖✜✛✢✖✝✆▲✎✔✻✎✔✓✣✝✄✆✎✮✰✛★✎✼✬✯✔✕✖✥✦✭❋

➆✷✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈◗✰❨✧✪●✱✲❜✧✪●✢❂❑❈◗✥✦❚✤✼✢❋✱✭✯✜◗✾❜✲✿❈▲✰✺✜▲●★✭✯✰✺✲❅✭✿✲♠✥✪✬ ✭✿✜▲●✽❋✢✲✿✜t❂✢✰✟✞✶✜▲✾❅✜▲●★✭♥✩❨✧✪●✱✣✦❋❇✧✪✣✦✜③✬◆✥✦✾✛✭✿✚✢✜ ✲✯✧✪❚✤✜❑✭✿✚✢✰✳●✢✣✱❛ ✰♠✜◗✾✿✜✹✰✺✲✈✧✏❂✢✰✺❈◗✭✯✰✺✥✦●❇✧✪✾P■✗✭✯✚❇✧✐✭✈✭✯✚✢✜❑✾✿✜❪✧❍❂✢✜▲✾✈❚❃✧❪■❝❡s✧✪●★✭➀✭✿✥✏✾✿✜❴✭✯❋✢✾❅●✕✭✯✥ ✭✯✚✢✾❅✥✦❋✢✣✦✚✱✥✦❋✱✭❜✭✯✚✢✜✵❈◗✥✦❋✢✾✿✲❅✜✪❛

✛✢✖✜✛★✎✼✱❈✛★✎✼✮✲✱ ✠ ✬✯❄✗✪■❁✜✛❈✒✕✦ ✮✓✎✼✒✕✔✓✮✲✒ ✆☞✒✲✖✚✔✻✎✩✔✓✣

✜▲✲P✭✯✰✳❚❃✧❍✭✿✰✳✥✦● ✩✳✜▲✧✪✾✿●✢✰✺●✢✣ ❋✢✲❅✰✳●✢✣❯❂❇✧✐✭❉✧▼✭✯✥❯✜▲✲P✭✯✰✺❚❤✧❍✭✿✜ ✧✪●❄❋✢●✱✸✷●✱✥⑧❡❜●❵②❊❋❇✧✪●★✭✯✰q✭❏■

❈▲✩✳✧✪✲✿✲❅✰✺♣❇❈▲✧❍✭✯✰✺✥✦● ✲✿❋✢✼❳✜▲✾P❀✷✰✳✲✿✜◗❂❑✩✺✜❪✧✪✾❅●✢✰✳●✢✣ ✼✢✾❅✜▲❂✢✰✺❈◗✭✿✰✳●✢✣❯✧❯❂✢✰✳✲❅❈▲✾❅✜◗✭✯✜☛✡ ✬◆✾✿✥✪❚✌☞✎✍✑✏ ❈▲✩✺❋✢✲❅✭✿✜▲✾✿✰✺●✢✣ ❋✢●✢✲❅❋✢✼✶✜◗✾❅❀✷✰✳✲❅✜▲❂✹✩✺✜❪✧✪✾❅●✢✰✳●✱✣ ✼✢❋❬✭✿✭✯✰✺●✢✣❖❂❇✧❍✭✯✧✤✰✺●★✭✯✥❖✣✦✾❅✥✦❋✢✼✢✲

❂❇✧❍✭✯✧ ✭✯✾✿✧✪✰✳●✢✰✺●✢✣❖✲✯✧❍❚❃✼✢✩✺✜ ❱✒☞✝✓✕✔✕✡✖✓P❫✗✔✙✘✙✘✚✘✛✔⑧❱✒☞✢✜✣✔✕✡✤✜✪❫ ❈▲✥❁❀❍✧✪✾✿✰✳✧❍✭✯✜◗✲ ✬◆✜❪✧❍✭✿❋✢✾✿✜◗✲ ✭✿✚✢✜✥☞✧✦➈➋✲

❈▲✩✳✧✪✲✿✲❅✰✺♣❇✜◗✾ ✚★■❬✼❳✥✪✭✿✚✢✜▲✲❅✰✳✲ ✧❖❚❃✧✪✼➀✬◆✾✿✥✦❚☎❈▲✥❁❀❍✧✪✾✿✰✳✧❍✭✯✜◗✲s✭✯✥✤✥✦❋✱✭✯❈◗✥✦❚✤✜▲✲ ✚★■❬✼❳✥✪✭✿✚✢✜▲✲❅✰✳✲ ★ ✲❅❋✢✴✢✲✿✜❴✭➐✥❍✬➎✧❖✼❇✧✪✾✿✧✪❚✤✜◗✭✯✜◗✾✛✲✿✼❇✧❍❈▲✜✪✩

❈▲✥✦●❬♣❇❂✢✜▲●✱❈▲✜❭✰✳●★✭✯✜◗✾❅❀❍✧✪✩ ★ ✰✺●❊✭✿✜▲✾P❀✪✧❍✩❥✭✯✚❇✧✐✭❜❈▲✥✦●★✭❉✧❍✰✳●✢✲❜❋✢●✢✸❊●✢✥❁❡❜●❵②✷❋✢✧✪●★✭✯✰✺✭❏■ ❡❜✰q✭✯✚✽✧❖✼✢✾✿✜◗✲✿❈▲✾❅✰✳✴❳✜▲❂❄✬◆✾✿✜◗②✷❋✱✜▲●✢❈❴■

❂✢✰✳✾❅✜▲❈❴✭✯✜▲❂❵✧✪❈❴■❬❈◗✩✳✰✺❈③✣✦✾✯✧✪✼✱✚ ✧s✧❪■✦✜◗✲♠●✢✜❴✭ ❚▼❋✱✩✺✭✯✰q❀❍✧✪✾✿✰✳✧❍✭✯✜♥❂✢✰✳✲P✭✯✾❅✰✳✴✢❋✱✭✿✰✳✥✦●✈❡❜✰q✭✯✚ ✲❅✼✶✜◗❈▲✰✺♣✢✜▲❂✽❈▲✥✦●✢❂✱✰✺✭✯✰✺✥✦●❇✧✪✩

✰✺●✢❂✢✜▲✼❳✜▲●✱❂✢✜▲●✢❈◗✜t✾❅✜▲✩✳✧❍✭✯✰✺✥✦●✢✲

✧s✧❪■✦✜◗✲✿✰❨✧❍●❵✰✺●✱✬◆✜▲✾❅✜▲●✢❈◗✜ ✧s✧❪■✦✜◗✲✿✰❨✧❍●❑✰✳●❬✬◆✜▲✾✿✜◗●✢❈▲✜ ✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲❅✭✿✰✳❈▲✧✪✩❥❚✤✜◗✭✿✚✢✥❬❂✱✲❜✬◆✥✪✾✛❋✢✲✿✰✺●✢✣❯❂❇✧❍✭❉✧ ✭✿✥✤❋✱✼✶❂❇✧✐✭✯✜✵✲✿❋✢✴✚☎❅✜▲❈◗✭✿✰✺❀✪✜t✴❳✜▲✩✺✰✳✜◗✬◆✲ ✬◆✾✿✜◗②✷❋✱✜▲●★✭✯✰✺✲❅✭♠✰✳●✱✬◆✜◗✾✿✜▲●✱❈▲✜ ★ ✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲❅✭✿✰✳❈▲✧✪✩❥❚✤✜◗✭✿✚✢✥❬❂✱✲❜✬◆✥✪✾✛✼✢✾✿✥✷❂✢❋✢❈◗✰✳●✢✣

(8)

✬✤✛✢✖✜✛★✎✼✬✯✔

❋■❄✙❍✻✬✂✁ ✆☞✒✲✖✚✔✻✎✩✔✓✣

✄ ✾❅✜❪✧✪✩♦●❊❋✢❚❞✴✶✜◗✾✿✲

✰✳●❬✬✆☎✞✝✠✟☛✡①❱✌☞✶❫ ✰✺●✱♣❇❚▼❋✢❚ ✪①✭✿✚✢✜✵✩❨✧✪✾❅✣✦✜▲✲P✭❜●✷❋✱❚▼✴✶✜◗✾✎✍❤✲✿❋✱❈❉✚❵✭✯✚✢✧❍✭✏✍✒✑✓✡➎❱✌☞✶❫➇✬◆✥✪✾❜✧✪✩✳✩✔☞ ✍✖✕ ✭✿✚✢✰✳●✢✸❃✥✪✬❽✭✯✚✢✰✺✲❜✧✪✲✛✭✯✚✢✜✵❚✤✰✳●✢✰✺❚▼❋✢❚ ✥✪✬✗✡

✲✿❋✱✼ ☎✞✝✞✟

✡➎❱✌☞✶❫ ✲❅❋✢✼✢✾✿✜◗❚▼❋✢❚ ✪➎✭✯✚✢✜✵✲❅❚❤✧✪✩✺✩✳✜◗✲❅✭✛●❊❋✢❚▼✴❳✜▲✾✎✍✈✲❅❋✢❈❉✚❵✭✿✚❇✧❍✭✎✍✙✘✚✡①❱✌☞✶❫r✬◆✥✦✾❜✧✪✩✺✩✛☞ ✍✖✕ ✭✿✚✢✰✳●✢✸❃✥✪✬❽✭✯✚✢✰✺✲❜✧✪✲✛✭✯✚✢✜✵❚❃✧✐❣❬✰✳❚▼❋✢❚ ✥✪✬✜✡

✢✤✣ ✢✦✥

✢★✧ ➒ ❫

✢★✧

✥✪✩✫✩✫✩✬✥

✥ ✥

✜✮✰✯

✜✲✱

✱✴✳✜✲✵ ✮✷✶

✸✮❱✺✹①❫ ✁ ✧✪❚✤❚❤✧t✬◆❋✱●✢❈◗✭✿✰✳✥✦●✼✻✜✽

✍❀✿

✵✤✓✆❁✲✵❃❂✰❄

✥✦❋❬✭✯❈▲✥✪❚❃✜

❆ ✲✿✧✪❚❃✼✱✩✳✜✻✲❅✼❇✧✪❈▲✜❤❱❲✲❅✜◗✭♥✥✪✬✘✥✦❋✱✭✿❈▲✥✦❚✤✜▲✲✯❫ ✕ ✜❴❀✦✜▲●★✭▼❱❲✲❅❋✢✴✢✲✿✜❴✭➐✥❍✬ ❆ ❫

❇✠✟①❱

❫ ✰✺●✢❂✢✰✳❈▲✧❍✭✯✥✪✾r✬◆❋✢●✢❈❴✭✯✰✳✥✪●❉❈ ➒ ✰✺✬

✍❊✕ ✧✪●✢❂ ✂ ✥❍✭✯✚✢✜◗✾❅❡❜✰✳✲❅✜ ❋➇❱●✕✻❫ ✼✢✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✱✰✳✩✳✰q✭❏■✤✥✪✬①✜❴❀✦✜◗●❊✭❍✕

●❊❋✢❚▼✴❳✜▲✾❜✥✪✬✘✼❳✥✦✰✳●★✭✯✲✛✰✺●❄✲✿✜◗✭✏✕

❏▲❑ ❈◗❋✢❚▼❋✢✩✳✧❍✭✯✰q❀✦✜③❂✢✰✺✲❅✭✯✾❅✰✳✴✢❋❬✭✯✰✳✥✪●❤✬◆❋✢●✢❈❴✭✯✰✳✥✪● ✡▼❑ ✼✢✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✱✰✳✩✳✰q✭❏■✤❂✢✜▲●✢✲❅✰✺✭❏■✞❱◆✥✦✾✛❚❤✧❍✲✿✲❉❫➇✬◆❋✱●✢❈◗✭✿✰✳✥✦● ☞❖◆P❏ ☞ ✚❇✧✪✲❜❂✢✰✺✲❅✭✿✾✿✰✳✴✱❋✱✭✯✰✺✥✦●◗❏

☞❖◆❘✡ ☞ ✚❇✧✪✲❜❂✢✜◗●✢✲✿✰q✭❏■✼✡

☞ ✹❙ ✡ ☞ ✧✪●✢❂ ✡ ✚❇✧❪❀✦✜✵✭✯✚✱✜❭✲✿✧✪❚✤✜❭❂✱✰✳✲❅✭✿✾✿✰✺✴✢❋✱✭✯✰✺✥✦● ☞ ✓ ✔✙✘✙✘✚✘✚✔✂☞✢✜❚◆P❏ ✲✿✧✪❚❃✼✱✩✳✜✻✥✪✬①✲✿✰✺➂▲✜

✬◆✾✿✥✦❚❯❏

✲P✭❉✧✪●✢❂✢✧✪✾✿❂❵✇♠✥✦✾❅❚❤✧❍✩❥✼✢✾❅✥✦✴❇✧✪✴✢✰✺✩✳✰q✭❏■❤❂✢✜◗●✢✲✿✰q✭❏■ ❲ ✲P✭❉✧✪●✢❂✢✧✪✾✿❂❵✇♠✥✦✾❅❚❤✧❍✩❥❂✢✰✺✲❅✭✯✾❅✰✳✴✢❋❬✭✯✰✳✥✪●✈✬◆❋✢●✢❈◗✭✿✰✳✥✦●

❋✢✼✱✼✶✜◗✾❨✹✏②❊❋❇✧❍●❊✭✿✰✳✩✺✜③✥✪✬❬❩✍❱✂ ✔ ➒ ❫r✰➈❛✜✪❛❭❲ ✵✤✓

❱ ➒

✹➎❫ ❪✻❱ ☞❆❫ ✹❫✻❴☞

❏❤❱❵☞✶❫ ✜➄❣✱✼❳✜▲❈❴✭✯✜◗❂❵❀❍✧✪✩✳❋✱✜✤❱❲❚✤✜❪✧✪● ❫r✥❍✬①✾✿✧✪●✢❂✢✥✦❚☎❀✪✧❍✾✿✰❨✧❍✴✢✩✳✜ ☞ ❪✻❱●❛✱❱☞❆❫❅❫ ✹ ✻ ❛✢❱❵☞✶❫

❏❤❱❵☞✶❫ ✜➄❣✱✼❳✜▲❈❴✭✯✜◗❂❵❀❍✧✪✩✳❋✱✜✤❱❲❚✤✜❪✧✪● ❫r✥❍✬✤❛✱❱☞❆❫ ❜❯❱☞❆❫ ❀❍✧✪✾❅✰❨✧✪●✢❈◗✜③✥✪✬✘✾✯✧✪●✢❂✱✥✦❚ ❀❍✧✪✾✿✰✳✧✪✴✢✩✺✜ ☞ ✠ ✬✤✑

❱☞ ✔ ✡▼❫ ❈◗✥⑧❀❍✧✪✾❅✰❨✧✪●✱❈▲✜③✴❳✜◗✭❏❡➇✜▲✜▲● ☞ ✧❍●✢❂ ✡ ☞ ✓ ✔✙✘✙✘✚✘✚✔✂☞✢✜ ❂❇✧✐✭❉✧

✲✿✧✪❚❃✼✱✩✳✜✻✲❅✰✳➂▲✜

✧❡❞

❈◗✥✦●★❀✦✜▲✾❅✣✦✜▲●✱❈▲✜❞✰✺●❄✼✢✾✿✥✦✴✢✧✪✴✢✰✳✩✺✰✺✭❏■

❈◗✥✦●★❀✦✜▲✾❅✣✦✜▲●✱❈▲✜❞✰✺●❄❂✢✰✳✲P✭✯✾✿✰✺✴✢❋✱✭✿✰✳✥✦● ❣✐❤

✧❡❞

❈◗✥✦●★❀✦✜▲✾❅✣✦✜▲●✱❈▲✜❞✰✺●❄②✷❋✢✧✪❂✢✾✯✧✐✭✯✰✳❈③❚✤✜❪✧❍● ☞✢✜❚❥P❩✏❱✌❦ ✔✷❧❉♠

❫ ❱✒☞✧✜ ❦❻❫♦♥♣❧ ✜ ❩✍❱

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✬✤✛✢✖✓✛★✎✬✵✔ ✠ ✬✵✔✜✛★✎✩✔■❁✓✒✲✘ ❋■❄✗❍✤✬✂✁ ✆☞✒✲✖✚✔✻✎✩✔✓✣

✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈▲✧✪✩♦❚✤✥❬❂✱✜▲✩ ❈✱✧❖✲✿✜◗✭♥✥✪✬①❂✢✰✳✲P✭✯✾❅✰✳✴✢❋✱✭✿✰✳✥✦●❃✬◆❋✢●✢❈◗✭✿✰✳✥✦●✱✲▲❘ ❂✱✜▲●✢✲❅✰✺✭❏■➀✬◆❋✢●✢❈❴✭✯✰✺✥✦●✢✲✛✥✦✾❜✾✿✜◗✣✦✾✿✜◗✲✿✲❅✰✳✥✦●❄✬◆❋✢●✢❈❴✭✯✰✳✥✪●✢✲

✁ ✼✢✧✪✾✯✧✪❚✤✜◗✭✿✜▲✾

✁ ✜◗✲❅✭✿✰✳❚❃✧❍✭✯✜③✥✪✬✘✼❇✧✪✾✿✧✪❚✤✜◗✭✯✜◗✾

✄▼❱●❏❞❫ ✲P✭❉✧❍✭✿✰✳✲P✭✯✰✳❈▲✧✪✩❥✬◆❋✢●✱❈◗✭✯✰✺✥✦●❇✧✪✩✫❱◆✭✯✚✱✜❭❚✤✜❪✧❍●♦❘✱✬◆✥✦✾✛✜➄❣✢✧❍❚❃✼✢✩✺✜❁❫

✜❇❱

❫ ✩✺✰✳✸❍✜▲✩✳✰✺✚✢✥✷✥❬❂❤✬◆❋✱●✢❈◗✭✿✰✳✥✦● ☞✤✜ ✹✝✆✱❱✟✞ ✜★❫ ☞✤✜ ♥✠✞ ✜

☞✤✜ ✹✝✡✈❱✟✞ ✜✪❫

☞✤✜ ♥☛✞ ✜

✰✳✲✛✴❳✥✦❋✢●✢❂✱✜▲❂❄✬◆✥✦✾✛✩❨✧✪✾❅✣✦✜

☞✧✜ ✹☞✆✍✌✫❱✎✞ ✜★❫ ☞✢✜ ♥✠✞ ✜

✧✛❞

☞✧✜ ✹☞✡✏✌❙❱✎✞ ✜✦❫

☞✢✜ ♥✠✞ ✜

✰✳✲✛✴❳✥✦❋✢●✢❂✱✜▲❂❑✰✺●➀✼✢✾✿✥✪✴❇✧✪✴✢✰✺✩✳✰✺✭❏■✤✬◆✥✦✾✛✩✳✧✪✾✿✣✦✜

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✱ ✒●✾ ❁ ✁ ✆ ✖✜✛✺✶✂✁✤✖✓✮✰✛❈✱

❁ ☎ ✹☎✄

☎✞✝

✹ ➒✠✟ ☞ ✟ ☎✞✡

✩✫✩✫✩

✹ ☞

✓ ✵

✬◆✥✦✾ ✂✍✌ ❛ ✌ ➒

✩✳✰✺❚ ✜✏✎

➒✑✟✓✒

✙✛✚✢✜ ✁ ✧✪❚❃❚❃✧❭✬◆❋✱●✢❈◗✭✿✰✳✥✦●➀✰✺✲s✰✳✲s❂✱✜◗♣❇●✢✜◗❂❄✴❊■★✸➇❱●✹➎❫ ✹✓✻❭✽

✍ ✿ ✵✤✓ ❁ ✵❃❂ ❄

✍✤✬◆✥✦✾ ✹ ✘

❛✫❦❧✬ ✹✕✔

✭✯✚✢✜◗●✖✸✮❱✺✹①❫ ✹ ❱✺✹

❫✆✸✮❱✺✹

❫➄❛❙❦❧✬

✰✳✲♥✧✪●✽✰✳●★✭✯✜◗✣✦✜▲✾s✭✿✚✢✜▲● ✸✮❱

❫ ✹ ❱ ✢◗✧

➆❬✥✦❚✤✜③✲✿✼❳✜▲❈◗✰❨✧✪✩✶❀✪✧❍✩✳❋✢✜◗✲♠✧❍✾✿✜✫✪✗✸✮❱

❫ ✹

✧✪●✢❂ ✸✮❱

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(12)
(13)

✂✟✞✡✠ ✁✄✠ ☞✍✌✍☞✎☎✑✏

✞✠✟☛✡ ☞✍✌✏✎✒✑✒✓✕✔✗✖✗✘✙✎✒✚✛✓✜✌

✢✤✣✦✥★✧✪✩✫✧✭✬✯✮✯✬✱✰✳✲✴✬✯✵✶✰✸✷✺✹✙✻✼✩✽✰✸✷✭✹✛✻✼✩✽✰✸✬✿✾❀✩✫✮❁✮✯✩✫❂✺❃★❄✪✩✽❃★✹❆❅❇✥✫✣❉❈❊❄✪✩✫❂❁✰✸✬✱❅❋✲●✬✿❂✺❃❍❄✭❂✺✾✛✹■✣✦✰❏✩✽✬✯❂❁✰✳✲★❑❉▲✆✹ ✾❀✩✫❂▼✩✫◆✺◆✭✮✿✲❖◆✺✣✦✥★✧✪✩✫✧✭✬✯✮✯✬✱✰✳✲P✰◗✷✺✹✛✥✫✣✦✲❘✰◗✥❍✩❚❙✺✬✿❯✫✹✛✣✦✵◗✹❆✵◗✹■✰✶✥✫❅✭◆✺✣◗✥✫✧✺✮✯✹■✻✼✵■❱❲❅❇✣✦✥★✻❳✾■✥★✬✯❂✴❨✪✬✿◆✺◆✺✬✯❂✭❃❩✰✸✥ ✰✸✷✺✹✴✩✽❂✪✩✫✮✿✲❬✵✦✬✯✵❭✥✽❅❪✾■✥★✻✜◆✺❄✭✰✸✹■✣✙✩✫✮✿❃★✥★✣◗✬✱✰✸✷✺✻✜✵✛❑✶❫✙✷✺✹❖✵❴✰❏✩✫✣❴✰✸✬✯❂✭❃❵◆❛✥★✬✿❂❁✰❩✬✯✵❆✰✸✥❵✵✦◆❛✹■✾✛✬✿❅❋✲❜✵✸✩✫✻✜◆✺✮✿✹ ✵◗◆✪✩✽✾✛✹✫❱✪✰◗✷✺✹✴✵◗✹■✰❝✥✫❅❪◆❞✥★✵◗✵✦✬✯✧✺✮✿✹❖✥★❄✭✰✸✾■✥★✻✜✹✛✵✛❑

✞✠✟❡✞ ❢✠❣✐❤ ❥✗❦✛❧ ❢✕❥♠❣✐✘❝❧❘♥♦❣✐✌✗✔ ♣rq✼❧❘✌✠✎❉♥

❫✙✷✺✹❵s✛t✪✉✆✈①✇❇②✗s✛✈✶t✪③★②⑤④❘❱❛✬✿✵❝✰◗✷✺✹✐✵✦✹■✰❍✥✫❅❉◆❞✥★✵◗✵✦✬✯✧✺✮✿✹▼✥✫❄✭✰✸✾■✥★✻✼✹■✵P✥✽❅✤✩✫❂⑥✹❡⑦●◆❛✹■✣◗✬✯✻✜✹✛❂❁✰✛❑ ✢❪✥★✬✿❂❁✰✸✵❖⑧⑨✬✯❂✆④⑩✩✫✣✦✹✼✾✛✩✫✮✯✮✿✹✛❙✆s✛t✪✉❶✈❪✇❷②❹❸❞❺❼❻❲③★❸❞✉❶②❬s✜✥✫✣▼❽❲②❊t✪✇❷❾❷❿❁t✭❻☛❾❷❸❞➀✶s✫➁✕➂❍➃❞②●➀❞❻❲s❜✩✫✣✦✹ ✵◗❄✺✧✭✵◗✹■✰◗✵❍✥✫❅①④❘❑

➄❊➅✫➆❁➇▼➈❁➉➊➌➋✺➍✱➎❶➏❇➐➒➑❭➓❭➔➣→☛↔❏↔❚↕➛➙❏→➝➜❋➞✜➔➟➑✒➜➠➙❏➓❭➔❋➡✪➓➢➞

④➥➤⑨➦➝➧♠➧➩➨❏➧⑤➫❚➨◗➫P➧➩➨◗➫❚➫✴➭●➯➌➲

➡✪➓❝➓➢➳✫➓➢➞✪➔ ➔❇➡✭↕✫➔❆➔❋➡✪➓✤➵✤➸❏↔➢➔❆➔✳→☛↔❏↔➌➜✯↔❖➡✪➓◗↕❁➺➝↔✴➜✯↔❚➻

➤➼➦➝➧♠➧⑤➨❏➧➩➫✴➭●➯❭➽

➄❊➅✫➆❁➇▼➈❁➉➊➌➋✺➍➾➋➥➚✍➓➢➔ ⑧➶➪ ➓❖➔❇➡✪➓➹→➝➘❬➔➣➙❏→➝➴❜➓➛→➣➐▼↕❜➴❜➓◗↕➝↔➢➘❬➸✸➓➢➴❜➓➢➞✪➔❩→➣➐❘↔☛→➝➴❜➓❩➷✪➡❬➬❲↔➢➜➠➙◗↕✫➮❼➱✛➘✺↕✫➞✪✃ ➔➟➜❋➔❷➬☛❐✪➐❀→➝➸▼➓✦❒❊↕✫➴❍➷❞➮✯➓❏❐①➔➣➓➢➴❍➷✪➓➢➸✦↕✫➔❷➘●➸✸➓ ➯✼➲ ➡✪➓➢➞ ④➥➤❰❮❰➤➶Ï❴Ð❍Ñ❳➨❡ÑÓÒ✛➯❵➲ ➡✪➓✐➓➢➳✫➓➢➞✪➔❉➔❋➡✭↕✫➔✤➔❇➡✪➓ ➴❜➓◗↕➝↔➢➘●➸✸➓➢➴❜➓➢➞✪➔❪➜✯↔❍➮✱↕✫➸➟Ô❬➓➢➸❝➔❇➡✭↕✫➞➩Õ❬Ö ➪ ➘❬➔①➮✯➓❏↔❏↔P➔❇➡✭↕✫➞♠→➝➸❖➓◗➱✛➘✺↕✫➮×➔✳→➛Ø❊Ù❵➜✯↔➒➻ ➤➶Ï✒☛Ú ➨❡Û✫Ü➝Ý✳➯➒➽ ➄❊➅✫➆❁➇▼➈❁➉➊➌➋✺➍➾Þß➏❇➐❚➑❭➓P➔✳→☛↔❏↔❘↕❜➙❏→➝➜❋➞❘➐❀→➝➸✸➓➢➳✫➓➢➸❚➔❋➡✪➓➢➞⑤➔❋➡✪➓❚↔✛↕✫➴❍➷❞➮✯➓✙↔✳➷✭↕❬➙❏➓❝➜✯↔P➔❇➡✪➓P➜❋➞❀➵✤➞✪➜❋➔✳➓✙↔☛➓➢➔

④➥➤áà✪⑧❹➤⑩Ï❋⑧✤â❡➨✦⑧❪ã❀➨❴⑧①ä✛➨❀å❀å❀å➢➨❡Ò➢➨❝⑧❪æ✍ç✆➦➝➧➩➨◗➫✴➭✪è✶å

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✤ ✬✱❯★✹■❂ß✩✽❂ ✹➢❯★✹■❂❊✰ ➻ ❱❆✮✯✹➢✰ ➻✟✥ ➤ ➦❀⑧ ç➼④✝✦➛⑧★✧ç ➻ ➭⑥❙✺✹■❂✺✥✫✰◗✹✕✰◗✷✺✹✠✾✛✥✫✻✼◆✺✮✿✹✛✻✜✹✛❂❁✰ ✥✫❅ ➻ ❑✪✩✳❂✭❅❇✥✫✣◗✻✼✩✫✮✯✮✱✲★❱ ➻ ✥ ✾✛✩✫❂ ✧❛✹➹✣◗✹✛✩✫❙✆✩✫✵✬✫✦❂✺✥✫✰ ➻ ❑✮✭➼❫✙✷✺✹✜✾✛✥★✻✜◆✺✮✿✹✛✻✜✹✛❂❁✰❖✥✫❅❭④ ✬✿✵❘✰✸✷✺✹ ✹✛✻✜◆✭✰✳✲✠✵✦✹■✰✟✯✺❑✤❫✙✷✺✹▼❄✭❂✺✬✯✥★❂✕✥✫❅❪✹■❯✫✹✛❂❁✰✸✵ ➻ ✩✫❂✺❙✱✰á✬✿✵❝❙✭✹✳✲✪❂✺✹■❙ ➻✵✴ ✰➶➤➼➦❀⑧ ç ④✝✦❚⑧ ç ➻ ✥★✣❉⑧➥ç✶✰⑨✥★✣❭⑧ ç♠✧❞✥✫✰✸✷ ➭✟✷❚✷✺✬✯✾❏✷✼✾❀✩✫❂✜✧❛✹❚✰✸✷✭✥★❄✺❃★✷❁✰➒✥✫❅❼✩✫✵✸✫ ➻ ✥★✣✹✰❜❑✺✭✶✩ ❅ ➻ â❡➨ ➻ ã❀➨❀å✛å❀å ✬✯✵❚✩❵✵✦✹✛❈❊❄✺✹✛❂✭✾✛✹✐✥✽❅❉✵◗✹➢✰✸✵✙✰✸✷✭✹✛❂

æ✾✽❛â

æ ➤êà×⑧ ç✗④rë❵⑧➥ç

æ✍❅❇✥★✣❚✩✽✰❝✮✯✹✛✩✫✵✦✰❚✥✫❂✺✹✴✬❴è✶å

❫✙✷✺✹❵✬✿❂❊✰◗✹✛✣✦✵◗✹✛✾➢✰✸✬✿✥★❂ ✥✫❅ ➻ ✩✫❂✺❙✵✰ ✬✯✵ ➻✵✿ ✰ ➤ ➦❀⑧ çß④✝✦❘⑧⑨ç ➻ ✩✫❂✭❙✗⑧ ç❀✰✜➭✼✣✦✹❀✩✫❙

✩✽❂✺❙✶✰❜❑✺✭❂❁●✥★✻✜✹■✰◗✬✯✻✜✹✛✵❃✷➒✹❄✷❚✣◗✬✱✰✸✹

✿❀✰ ✩✫✵

✰❜❑❅✩ ❅

â❡➨

ã☛➨❀å❀å✛å❛✬✿✵❖✩✏✵◗✹■❈❬❄✭✹✛❂✺✾■✹ ✥✫❅❪✵◗✹➢✰✸✵❚✰✸✷✺✹■❂

æ✾✽❛â

➻ æ ➤ à ⑧ ç✗④rë➹⑧➥ç ➻ æ✍❅❇✥★✣❚✩✫✮✯✮❛✬ è å

❇❼✹■✰ ➻ Ð❈✰➶➤⑨➦❀⑧➥ë➛⑧ ç ➻ ➨✦⑧❉✧ç❊✰✼➭❊❑❋✩ ❅❪✹■❯✫✹✛✣❴✲✕✹✛✮✯✹■✻✼✹■❂❁✰❚✥✫❅ ➻ ✬✿✵✙✩✫✮✿✵◗✥❵✾✛✥✫❂❊✰✸✩✫✬✯❂✭✹✛❙✕✬✯❂ ✰❉✷➒✹✟✷❚✣✦✬✿✰✸✹ ➻❂● ✰➶✥★✣■❱●✹■❈❬❄✭✬✿❯✽✩✫✮✯✹■❂❁✰✸✮✿✲✫❱❍✰❏■ ➻ ❑❋✩ ❅ ➻ ✬✿✵❭✩❑✲✪❂✺✬✿✰◗✹P✵✦✹■✰✛❱✭✮✯✹➢✰▼▲➻ ▲✽❙✺✹✛❂✭✥✫✰✸✹ ✰✸✷✭✹➌❂❊❄✺✻✐✧❛✹■✣❝✥✽❅①✹■✮✯✹✛✻✜✹✛❂❁✰◗✵❝✬✿❂ ➻ ❑✘❁●✹■✹➌❫❪✩✫✧✺✮✿✹ ✒ ❅❇✥✫✣❚✩➹✵✦❄✺✻✜✻❜✩✫✣❴✲★❑

❫❪✩✫✧✺✮✿✹ ✒ ❑✹❁✭✩✫✻✜◆✺✮✯✹❘✵✦◆✪✩✫✾■✹✐✩✫❂✭❙➩✹➢❯★✹✛❂❁✰◗✵✛❑ ④ ✵✸✩✫✻✜◆✺✮✯✹❍✵◗◆✪✩✫✾■✹

⑧ ✥★❄✭✰✸✾■✥★✻✜✹

➻ ✹■❯★✹■❂❁✰❵Ï❇✵◗❄✺✧✺✵✦✹■✰P✥✫❅①④❚Ò

▲➻ ▲ ❂❬❄✭✻➛✧❛✹■✣❚✥✫❅①◆❞✥★✬✿❂❊✰◗✵✙✬✯❂ ➻ Ï❷✬✱❅ ➻ ✬✿✵◆✲✪❂✺✬✱✰✸✹☛Ò ➻ ✥ ✾✛✥★✻✜◆✺✮✯✹■✻✼✹■❂❁✰✙✥✫❅ ➻ Ï❇❂✺✥✫✰ ➻ Ò

➻✵✴

✰ ❄✺❂✺✬✯✥✫❂❶Ï

✥★✣✣✰❵Ò

➻✵✿ ✰ ✥★✣ ➻ ✰ ✬✯❂❁✰✸✹■✣◗✵◗✹■✾■✰◗✬✯✥★❂✍Ï➻ ✩✫❂✺❙✱✰❵Ò

➻ Ð❖✰ ✵◗✹■✰❝❙✺✬◗P ✹■✣◗✹■❂✺✾✛✹✼Ï❷◆❞✥★✬✿❂❊✰◗✵✙✬✯❂ ➻ ✰✸✷✪✩➝✰❝✩✫✣◗✹✴❂✺✥✫✰❚✬✿❂✬✰❵Ò ➻❂●

✰ ✵◗✹■✰❝✬✿❂✺✾✛✮✿❄✺✵◗✬✿✥★❂ Ï

✬✿✵P✩❵✵✦❄✺✧✺✵◗✹➢✰❍✥✽❅①✥★✣✙✹■❈❊❄✪✩✫✮❼✰✸✥❘✰❵Ò ✯ ❂❬❄✭✮✯✮ ✹➢❯★✹✛❂❁✰➛Ï➟✩✫✮◗✷❩✩❀✲❬✵✙❅❷✩✫✮✯✵✦✹☛Ò

④ ✰✸✣◗❄✭✹➌✹➢❯★✹■❂❊✰➛Ï➟✩✽✮❙✷❭✩☛✲❬✵✙✰✸✣✦❄✺✹☛Ò

(15)

❙✺✬✯✵✄✂✦✥★✬✯❂❁✰✛❑✆☎ ✈✶t✺❽☛❻❲❾❇❻☛❾❷❸❞➀✗✥✫❅✶④Ó✬✯✵✙✩▼✵◗✹✛❈❊❄✺✹■❂✺✾✛✹➌✥✫❅✍❙✺✬✿✵✝✂✦✥★✬✿❂❁✰❩✵◗✹➢✰✸✵ ➻ â➢➨ ➻ ã❀➨✛å❀å❀å❬✵◗❄✺✾❏✷✠✰✸✷✺✩✽✰

æ✾✽❛â

➻ æ ➤r④❘❑ ✤ ✬✿❯✫✹✛❂⑤✩✫❂⑤✹■❯✫✹✛❂❁✰ ➻ ❱✪❙✺✹✳✲✺❂✺✹❖✰✸✷✺✹➌❾❷➀✡❚✶❾➟③★t●❻☛❸×❽✟✞✳❺✶➀✶③✫❻❲❾❷❸❞➀ ❸✠✞ ➻ ✧❊✲

✡☞☛①Ï❋⑧❭Ò✒➤✌✡❛Ï❋⑧ ç ➻ Ò✤➤✎✍

✒ ✬✿❅❆⑧➥ç ➻

Ú

✬✿❅❭⑧❂✧ç ➻ å

☎ ✵◗✹✛❈❊❄✺✹■❂✺✾✛✹➩✥✫❅❝✵◗✹➢✰✸✵ ➻ â❡➨ ➻ ã☛➨❀å❀å✛å①✬✯✵➛✉❶❸❞➀✶❸✪❻☛❸❞➀✍②Ó❾➟➀✶③★❽❲②❊t✪s❀❾❷➀✑✏ ✬✿❅ ➻ â ● ➻ ã ● ✒✓✒✓✒

✩✫❂✺❙ ✷➒✹➩❙✺✹ ✲✪❂✺✹✕✮✯✬✿✻✕✔✓✖

➻ ✔ ➤ ✴

æ✾✽❛â

➻ æ✳❑✗☎ ✵◗✹✛❈❊❄✺✹■❂✺✾✛✹⑥✥✫❅❍✵✦✹■✰◗✵ ➻ â❡➨ ➻ ã☛➨✛å❀å❀å①✬✿✵ ✉❶❸❞➀✶❸✪❻☛❸❞➀✍②❈❚✍②❬③★❽❲②❬t✺s❀❾➟➀✘✏ ✬✿❅ ➻ â✝■ ➻ ã▼■

✒✓✒✓✒

✩✫❂✺❙♠✰◗✷✺✹✛❂ ✷➒✹➛❙✺✹ ✲✪❂✺✹❵✮✯✬✿✻✕✔✓✖

➻ ✔✼➤

æ✾✽❛â

➻ æ ❑☞✩✳❂➩✹■✬✿✰◗✷✺✹✛✣✙✾✛✩✫✵◗✹✽❱ ✷➒✹✓✷❚✬✯✮✿✮ ✷❚✣◗✬✱✰✸✹ ➻ ✔✚✙ ➻ ❑

➄❊➅✫➆❁➇▼➈❁➉➊➌➋✺➍✜✛Ó➚✍➓➢➔ ④ ➤ì❮

↕✫➞❞➺➌➮✯➓➢➔❞➻

æ ➤ ❜Ú ➨ ✒ ✧✽í✳Ò ➐❀→➝➸

í❪➤ ✒ ➨❡Û❬➨❀å❀å❀å✿➯➹➲ ➡✪➓➢➞❄✴

æ✾✽❛â

æ ➤

Ú

Ò ↕✫➞❞➺ ✿

æ✾✽❛â

➻ æ❉➤✄➦

Ú

➭●➯ ➏❋➐➛➜❋➞✭↔➢➔✳➓◗↕❁➺⑤➑❭➓❵➺❬➓❇➵✤➞ ➓❘➻ æ✒➤ Ï

Ú

✧➝í✳Ò ➔❋➡✪➓➢➞❊✴

æ✽❛â ➻ æ✒➤

Ï

Ú

Ò ↕✫➞❞➺✸✿

æ✾✽❛â

➻ æ ➤ ✯×➯❭➽

✞✠✟✣✢ ✤➶✑✒✓✦✥♠❣✕✥✗✚❀❦✛✚■✎★✧

▲❶✹✣✷❩✩✽❂❊✰✤✰◗✥✐✩✫✵✦✵◗✬✿❃★❂✜✩➌✣✦✹❀✩✫✮✪❂❊❄✺✻➛✧❞✹✛✣✪✩❭Ï➻ Ò①✰✸✥✴✹■❯✫✹✛✣✦✲✜✹➢❯★✹✛❂❁✰ ➻ ❱❊✾❀✩✽✮✯✮✯✹■❙❵✰✸✷✺✹❚✈✶❽➝❸✠✫✭✬

t✮✫❪❾➟✇❷❾❇❻ ❲✗✥✽❅ ➻ ❑❉▲❶✹✴✩✽✮✯✵◗✥❵✾✛✩✫✮✯✮✰✯➶✩➛✈✶❽❲❸✱✫✶t✮✫❪❾➟✇❷❾❋❻ ❲❖❚❪❾❷s■❻☛❽➝❾✝✫①❺❼❻❲❾❇❸❛➀✗✥★✣❩✩➹✈✶❽❲❸✠✫❪t✮✫❪❾❷✇➟❾❋❻ ❲✳✲✵✴✷✶✹✸✻✺✽✼✾✴ ➆❁➉✿✒➆❁❀ ✸ ➈ ✼❂✸❄❃ ✸❅✶❇❆ ➉➊ ✴❄✼ ➆ ✸❈✸❅✶❉❊✺ ➆ ➈✾❋✼❊❆ ➆ ❆❂✶➉✶✴ ❀ ✴❄✼ ➊❁●❲➊✾❋❍❀ ➊❁●❲➊

✺✓✴

✶■❏✴✣❑

➆❁➇

➈❁➉➊ ✸ ➈➝➆▼▲■➊ ✶✹✸ ➉➆✾❋❉ ➊❖◆ ✸◗P ▲ ❑ ➆ ✸❘✴✣❑ ➊❙✿ ❑✽✼ ➉➊ ❋➊❀➆❁➉❜➉✶❚✺ ➊✫➍ ✲❯✺✽✸❈✴ ➊✛➆▼❱❲◆ ✿✒➊Ó➆ ✸❳✸✣✶✹❉❨✺ ➈✾❋✼❊❆ ➆ ❆❂✶➉❃ ✶✴❩✶➊ ✸❬✴❄✼ ➆ ➉✶➇ ✶✴ ➊☞❱ ▲✽➉➆ ✸❈✸❭✼❖■❪✸ ➊ ✴ ▲❀➆❁➉➉➊☞❱ ➆❘❫ ❃❵❴ ➊✽➉❱×➍ ❛●➊✛➊ ✴✣❑ ➊ ✴ ➊☞▲ ❑❜✺❂✶▲❀➆❁➉ ➆❁➈❁➈★➊ ✺ ❱ ✶➅ ■✝✼ ❋✑❱❁➊ ✴ ➆ ✶➉✸ ➍

✉❶②❊t✪s❀❺✍❽❲②❞➁✙❫✶✥✜❈❬❄✺✩✫✮✯✬✱❅❋✲✏✩✫✵❝✩❵◆✺✣✦✥★✧✪✩✫✧✺✬✿✮✯✬✱✰✳✲★❱✮✯ ✷✪✩✫✵✙✰✸✥➹✵✸✩➝✰✸✬✯✵❴❅❋✲❜✰◗✷✺✣◗✹■✹✐✩➝⑦●✬✿✥★✻✼✵■ë

❝✒➊ ❴✱✺❂✶✴❩✶✼❊✺ ➋✺➍✵❞❪❡á➐❡➘●➞ ➙➢➔❷➜➠→➝➞ ✩ ➔❋➡✭↕✫➔➹↕➝↔❏↔➢➜✱Ô✫➞✭↔⑥↕ ➸✸➓◗↕✫➮P➞✪➘❬➴ ➪ ➓➢➸ ✩❭Ï ➻ Ò ➔✳→ ➓◗↕❬➙❏➡ ➓➢➳✫➓➢➞✪➔ ➻á➜✯↔✴↕ ✈❪❽❲❸✠✫❪t❊✫①❾❷✇➟❾❋❻ ❲ ❚✶❾❷s■❻☛❽➝❾❢✫❪❺❼❻❲❾❷❸❞➀ →➝➸✴↕ ✈✶❽❲❸✱✫✶t✮✫❪❾➟✇❷❾❋❻ ❲❶✉❶②❊t✪s❀❺✍❽❲② ➜➐ ➜❋➔✤↔✛↕✫➔❷➜✯↔❇➵❩➓❏↔✴➔❋➡✪➓✤➐❀→➝➮❋➮✯→➝➑✒➜❋➞❬Ô✜➔❋➡❬➸✸➓❏➓✐↕❀❒★➜➠→➝➴✐↔☞❣

❤ ❨✍❾❷❸❞✉ ✐ ❣ ✩❭Ï ➻ Ò❦❥ Ú ➐❀→➝➸✐➓➢➳✫➓➢➸❡➬▼➻

❨✍❾❷❸❞✉ ❧

✩❭Ï➟④❚Ò✤➤ ✒

❤ ❨✍❾❷❸❞✉ ♠ ❣❩➏❋➐❚➻ â❡➨ ➻ ã☛➨❀å❀å❀å ↕✫➸✸➓▼➺✫➜✯↔✝♥❀→➝➜❋➞✪➔✤➔❋➡✪➓➢➞

✩❘♦

æ✾✽❛â ➻ æq♣➶➤

r

æ✾✽❛â

✩➒Ï ➻ æ❷Ò❡å

(16)

✰✸✷✭✹▼✮✿✥★❂✺❃➹✣◗❄✺❂➩◆✺✣◗✥✫◆❛✥★✣❴✰✸✬✿✥★❂✠✥✫❅①✰◗✬✯✻✜✹✛✵✙✰✸✷✺✩✽✰ ➻ ✬✿✵❚✰◗✣◗❄✺✹➌✬✯❂✕✣✦✹✛◆❞✹■✰✸✬✱✰✸✬✿✥★❂✺✵✛❑✘❵✪✥★✣❚✹➢⑦✭✩✫✻✜◆✺✮✯✹✽❱ ✬✿❅ ✷➒✹▼✵◗✩☛✲✠✰◗✷✪✩✽✰❚✰✸✷✭✹➌◆✭✣◗✥★✧✪✩✽✧✺✬✯✮✿✬✿✰✳✲✏✥✽❅①✷✺✹✛✩✫❙✺✵❝✬✯✵ ✒✄✂ Û❬❱ ✷❚✷✺✹✛❂➩✻✼✹✛✩✫❂⑤✰◗✷✪✩✽✰❚✬✱❅✡✷➒✹▼❨✪✬✿◆✠✰✸✷✺✹ ✾✛✥✫✬✯❂⑥✻✼✩✫❂❁✲✕✰✸✬✿✻✼✹■✵❝✰◗✷✺✹✛❂♠✰◗✷✺✹➛◆✺✣✦✥★◆❛✥✫✣✦✰✸✬✿✥★❂⑤✥✫❅✒✰✸✬✿✻✼✹■✵☎✷➒✹➛❃★✹➢✰❘✷✺✹✛✩✫❙✺✵❍✰◗✹✛❂✺❙✺✵P✰✸✥ ✒✄✂ Û✼✩✫✵ ✰✸✷✭✹❍❂❊❄✺✻➛✧❞✹✛✣❩✥✽❅ ✰✸✥★✵✦✵◗✹■✵✙✬✯❂✺✾■✣◗✹❀✩✽✵◗✹✛✵■❑ ☎❍❂✏✬✿❂ ✲✪❂✺✬✱✰✸✹✛✮✱✲➹✮✯✥★❂✭❃✺❱❊❄✺❂✺◆✺✣✦✹✛❙✺✬✿✾■✰❏✩✽✧✺✮✯✹P✵◗✹✛❈❊❄✺✹■❂✺✾✛✹✴✥✫❅ ✰✸✥✫✵◗✵◗✹■✵✘✷❚✷✺✥✫✵◗✹❍✮✿✬✯✻✜✬✿✰◗✬✯❂✺❃❘◆✭✣◗✥★◆❞✥★✣✦✰◗✬✯✥★❂❵✰◗✹✛❂✺❙✺✵❆✰✸✥✐✩➌✾■✥★❂✺✵✦✰✸✩✫❂❁✰❩✬✿✵❭✩✫❂✼✬✯❙✺✹✛✩✫✮✯✬✆☎❀✩✽✰◗✬✯✥★❂ ❱✫✻➛❄✺✾❏✷ ✮✯✬✆✝✫✹➌✰✸✷✺✹❵✬✿❙✺✹❀✩✏✥✫❅➒✩✏✵❴✰✸✣✸✩✽✬✯❃★✷❁✰❖✮✿✬✯❂✺✹▼✬✯❂✗❃★✹■✥★✻✼✹➢✰✸✣❴✲★❑➌❫✙✷✺✹❵❙✺✹✛❃✫✣◗✹✛✹✟✞✳✥✫❅✠✞ ✧❛✹■✮✯✬✿✹■❅✤✬✯❂❁✰◗✹✛✣◗◆✭✣◗✹■✰✸✩✡✞ ✰✸✬✿✥★❂ ✬✿✵▼✰✸✷✺✩✽✰✕✩❭Ï➻ Ò▼✻✼✹✛✩✫✵◗❄✭✣◗✹✛✵➛✩✫❂❹✥★✧✺✵✦✹✛✣✦❯✫✹✛✣☞☛➾✵➹✵✦✰◗✣◗✹■❂✺❃✫✰✸✷ ✥✫❅❚✧❞✹✛✮✿✬✯✹➢❅✙✰✸✷✪✩✽✰ ➻ ✬✯✵➌✰✸✣◗❄✭✹✫❑ ✩✳❂⑥✹■✬✿✰◗✷✺✹✛✣❚✬✯❂❁✰◗✹✛✣◗◆✭✣◗✹■✰✸✩✽✰✸✬✿✥★❂ ❱ ✷➒✹✐✣✦✹✛❈❊❄✺✬✯✣✦✹➌✰◗✷✪✩✽✰ ☎❝⑦●✬✿✥★✻✼✵

✰✸✥✼Ü✜✷✺✥✫✮✯❙ ❑➒❫✙✷✺✹✐❙✺✬◗P ✹■✣◗✹■❂✺✾✛✹ ✬✯❂❶✬✯❂❁✰✸✹■✣◗◆✺✣✦✹■✰❏✩➝✰✸✬✯✥✫❂❈✷❚✬✯✮✿✮➒❂✺✥✽✰❵✻❜✩➝✰◗✰✸✹■✣✐✻➛❄✭✾❏✷ ❄✭❂❊✰◗✬✯✮☞✷❭✹✕❙✺✹✛✩✫✮✘✷❚✬✱✰✸✷❹✵❴✰❏✩✽✰◗✬✯✵✦✰◗✬✯✾✛✩✫✮➒✬✿❂✭❅❇✹✛✣✌✞ ✹✛❂✭✾✛✹✫❑✆❫✙✷✺✹✛✣✦✹✫❱✤✰✸✷✺✹✠❙✭✬❙P❛✹✛✣◗✬✿❂✺❃♠✬✿❂❊✰◗✹✛✣✦◆✺✣◗✹➢✰❏✩✽✰◗✬✯✥★❂✺✵✐✮✯✹❀✩✽❙ ✰✸✥♠✰ ✷➒✥ ✵✦✾❏✷✺✥❬✥★✮✯✵❵✥✫❅❝✬✿❂✭❅❇✹✛✣✦✹✛❂✺✾■✹✫ë ✰✸✷✭✹✴❅❇✣✦✹✛❈❊❄✺✹■❂❊✰◗✬✯✵❴✰❍✩✽❂✺❙⑤✰◗✷✺✹✎✍❩✩❀✲★✹■✵◗✬✩✽❂➩✵✦✾❏✷✺✥●✥✫✮✯✵✛❑✒▲✆✹✴❙✺✹■❅❇✹■✣❝❙✭✬✯✵◗✾■❄✺✵◗✵✦✬✯✥★❂⑤❄✺❂❁✰✸✬✿✮ ✮ ✩➝✰✸✹✛✣■❑

✏ ❂✺✹✴✾❀✩✫❂⑤❙✺✹✛✣✦✬✿❯✫✹➌✻✼✩✫❂❁✲✠◆✺✣✦✥★◆❞✹✛✣✦✰◗✬✯✹■✵✙✥✫❅ ✩❶❅❇✣◗✥★✻á✰✸✷✺✹➌✩➝⑦●✬✯✥✫✻✼✵■❑✒✑P✹■✣◗✹▼✩✫✣◗✹✴✩➛❅❇✹✳✷✴ë ✩❭Ï ✯❊Ò ➤

Ú

➻❂●

✰ ➤✔✓ ✩❩Ï

Ò✖✕ ✩➒Ï ✰➛Ò

Ú

✕ ✩❭Ï ➻ Ò✗✕

✩❭Ï ➻

Ò ➤

Ð ✩❩Ï ➻ Ò

✰➼➤ ✯ ➤✔✓ ✩✙✘

✰✛✚➩➤ ✩❭Ï

Ò✢✜ ✩❭Ï ✰❵Ò❡å Ï➠Û●❑✒ Ò ☎ ✮✯✹■✵◗✵❚✥★✧❁❯❬✬✯✥★❄✭✵❝◆✭✣◗✥★◆❞✹✛✣❴✰✳✲✠✬✯✵❚❃★✬✱❯★✹✛❂✕✬✿❂✕✰◗✷✺✹❖❅❇✥★✮✯✮✿✥ ✷❚✬✯❂✺❃✪❇❼✹■✻✼✻✼✩✭❑

✣✽➊➝➇▼➇❍➆➛➋✺➍✥✤✧✦✶→➝➸➌↕✫➞✪➬✏➓➢➳✫➓➢➞✪➔❇↔❝➻ ↕✫➞❞➺ ✰ ❐ ✩✏Ï ➻ ✴ ✰❵Ò✤➤ ✩❩Ï ➻ Ò✢✜ ✩❩Ï ✰❵Ò①Ð ✩❭Ï ➻ ✰❵Ò✛➯ ✢✩★

✏✪✏

❵➒❑❘▲❶✣✦✬✿✰✸✹ ➻✵✴

✰ ➤ Ï

Ò

Ï

✰❵Ò

Ï

➻ ✥

✰❵Ò✗✩✫❂✺❙➼❂✺✥✫✰✸✹❹✰◗✷✪✩✽✰✗✰✸✷✭✹✛✵◗✹ ✹■❯✫✹✛❂❁✰✸✵✼✩✫✣✦✹✠❙✺✬✯✵✄✂✦✥★✬✯❂❁✰❀❑✫✑P✹■❂✺✾✛✹✽❱➒✻✼✩✬✝❊✬✯❂✭❃✗✣◗✹✛◆❞✹❀✩➝✰✸✹✛❙ ❄✺✵✦✹✕✥✫❅❚✰✸✷✺✹✏❅❷✩✫✾➢✰❵✰✸✷✪✩➝✰✦✯ ✬✯✵➛✩✫❙✭✞ ❙✺✬✱✰✸✬✿❯✫✹❘❅❇✥★✣✙❙✺✬✿✵✝✂✦✥★✬✿❂❊✰❩✹■❯★✹■❂❁✰✸✵✛❱ ✷➒✹▼✵✦✹✛✹❖✰✸✷✪✩➝✰

✩ ✘ ➻

✰ ✚ ➤ ✩ ✘ Ï➻ ✰

Ò

Ï ➻ ✰❵Ò

Ï ➻

✰❵Ò ✚ ➤ ✩❭Ï ➻ ✰

Ò✢✜ ✩❩Ï ➻ ✰❵Ò✢✜ ✩❭Ï ➻

✰➛Ò ➤ ✩❭Ï ➻ ✰

Ò✢✜ ✩❩Ï ➻ ✰❵Ò✢✜ ✩❭Ï ➻

✰➛Ò✢✜✗✩❭Ï➻ ✰❵Ò①Ð ✩❭Ï ➻ ✰➛Ò ➤ ✯ ✘ Ï ➻ ✰

Ò

Ï➻ ✰❵Ò ✚ ✜✗✩ ✘ Ï➻

✰❵Ò

Ï ➻ ✰❵Ò ✚ Ð ✩❭Ï ➻ ✰❵Ò ➤ ✩❭Ï ➻ Ò✢✜✗✩❭Ï ✰❵Ò①Ð ✩❭Ï ➻ ✰➛Ò➢å⑥➽

(17)

➮➜✎✍❁➓➢➮➬❲❐➌➔❋➡✭↕✫➔✴➜✯↔❏❐ ✩➒Ï➣➦➝➧❜â❡➨❏➧❵ã✛➭✽Ò➹➤ ✩❭Ï✳➦➝➧✏â❏➨◗➫ ã❀➭✽Ò❵➤ ✩➒Ï✳➦☛➫✶â➢➨✸➧➹ã■➭✽Ò✜➤ ✩❩Ï✳➦☛➫✶â❏➨◗➫ ã■➭✽Ò✜➤ ✒ ✧✁ ❐✒➔❇➡✪➓➢➞ ✩❭Ï➟➧❜â ✴ ➧❵ã❡Ò✤➤ ✩❭Ï➟➧❜â✦Ò✢✜ ✩❭Ï➟➧❵ã❡Ò①Ð ✩➒Ï➟➧❜â✦➧❵ã❡Ò✤➤

â

ã

â

ã

Ð

â

➤rÜ❩✧✁×➯❩➽

✑ ❑ ➊ ✼ ❋➊✽➇ ❧ ➁✓✒✕✔✗✖✰✼❊✺✓✴❩✶❇✺❜P❂✶✴ ❀ ✼❖■☛✘ ❋✼❊❆ ➆ ❆❂✶➉✶✴❩✶➊ ✸■➁✚✙ ➏❇➐❆➻ ✔ ✙ ➻➶➔❋➡✪➓➢➞ ✩❩Ï ➻ ✔★Ò✪✙ ✩❭Ï ➻ Ò ↕➝↔

✙ Ñ ➯

✜✣✢✥✤✦✤★✧✥✩✣❁●❄✭◆✺◆❛✥✫✵◗✹❘✰✸✷✺✩✽✰ ➻ ✔➛✬✯✵❭✻✜✥★❂✺✥✽✰✸✥★❂✺✹❍✬✯❂✺✾■✣◗✹❀✩✽✵◗✬✯❂✭❃➛✵◗✥❵✰✸✷✺✩✽✰ ➻ â ●Ó➻ ã ● ✒✓✒✓✒

❇❼✹■✰ ➻ ➤ ✮✯✬✿✻✕✔✓✖

➻ ✔ ➤ ✴

æ✾✽❛â

➻ æ ❑✫✪❘✹ ✲✪❂✺✹ ✰✴â✠➤ ➻ â➢❱✕✰Pã⑥➤ ➦❀⑧ ç ④ ëê⑧ ç ➻ ã☛➨✦⑧ ✧ç ➻ â❡➭❊❱☎✰❍ä✆➤ ➦❀⑧ ç ④ ë ⑧ ç ➻ ä☛➨✦⑧ ç✧ ➻ ã☛➨✦⑧ ç✧ ➻ â❡➭❊➨✛å❀å❀å✹✩ ✰✠✾❀✩✫❂ì✧❞✹ ✵◗✷✺✥ ✷❚❂ ✰✸✷✪✩➝✰❑✰➌â➢➨ ✰❍ã✛➨❀å❀å❀å❛✩✫✣◗✹❵❙✭✬✯✵✝✂✦✥✫✬✯❂❁✰❀❱

✔❜➤

æ✾✽❛â

æ✤➤

æ✽❛â

✰❝æ❉❅❇✥★✣❘✹✛✩✫✾❏✷

✩✫❂✺❙

æ✾✽❛â

✰Pæ ➤ ✴

æ✾✽❛â

➻ æ➠❑❝Ï ❁●✹■✹▼✹❡⑦✭✾■✹✛✣✦✾✛✬✯✵✦✹

❑Ò✪❵✪✣◗✥★✻ ☎❝⑦●✬✯✥✫✻ Ü✭❱

✩❭Ï ➻ ✔★Ò✤➤ ✩❪♦

æ✾✽❛â ✰Pæ♣➶➤

r

æ✾✽❛â ✩➒Ï ✰❝æ❷Ò

✩✫❂✺❙⑤✷✺✹✛❂✭✾✛✹✫❱×❄✺✵✦✬✯❂✺❃ ☎❚⑦✭✬✿✥★✻ Ü✜✩✫❃❁✩✽✬✯❂ ❱

✮✿✬✯✻ ✔✓✖

✩❭Ï

✔★Ò✒➤ ✮✿✬✯✻ ✔ ✖

r

æ✾✽❛â

✩❭Ï ✰Pæ❋Ò✤➤

r

æ✾✽❛â

✩❭Ï ✰Pæ❋Ò✒➤ ✩

æ✾✽❛â ✰❝æ

➤✌✩❭Ï

Ò➢å⑥➽

✞✠✟✭✬ ✤➶✑✒✓✦✥♠❣✕✥✗✚❀❦✛✚■✎★✧ ✓✜✌ ✮➥✚❀✌✗✚■✎①❧ ❢✠❣➛❤ ❥✗❦■❧ ❢✕❥♠❣➛✘❚❧❖♥

❁●❄✺◆✺◆❞✥★✵◗✹➛✰◗✷✪✩✽✰❘✰◗✷✺✹➛✵◗✩✫✻✼◆✭✮✯✹✐✵✦◆✪✩✫✾■✹➹④ ➤á➦❀⑧✤â❡➨❀å✛å❀å✛➨✦⑧✑✔❬➭➹✬✯✵✟✲✺❂✺✬✿✰◗✹✫❑✓❵✪✥★✣P✹➢⑦✭✩✫✻✜◆✺✮✯✹✽❱ ✬✿❅ ✷❭✹✴✰✸✥✫✵◗✵❝✩✜❙✭✬✯✹❘✰ ✷❚✬✯✾■✹✫❱✺✰◗✷✺✹✛❂⑥④r✷✪✩✫✵❝Ü✌✯➹✹✛✮✿✹✛✻✜✹✛❂❁✰✸✵■ë❆④➥➤➼➦●Ï❇í◗➨ ❫❬Ò ✦❝í◗➨❱❫❜ç❶➦ ✒ ➨❀å✛å❀å✰✯❬➭❁➭❊❑ ✩ ❅✒✹❀✩✽✾❏✷♠✥★❄✭✰◗✾✛✥★✻✜✹✴✬✯✵❚✹✛❈❊❄✪✩✫✮✿✮✿✲✕✮✿✬✝✫✹■✮✿✲✫❱✺✰✸✷✺✹■❂ ✩❭Ï

Ò❭➤ ▲

▲✧✫Ü✌✯❄✷❚✷✺✹■✣◗✹✬▲

▲❬❙✺✹■❂✺✥✫✰◗✹✛✵❍✰◗✷✺✹ ❂❊❄✺✻➛✧❞✹✛✣❘✥✫❅❆✹■✮✯✹✛✻✜✹✛❂❁✰◗✵❘✬✯❂

❑✴❫✙✷✺✹❵◆✺✣◗✥✫✧✪✩✫✧✺✬✿✮✯✬✿✰✳✲✠✰◗✷✪✩✽✰❘✰◗✷✺✹➛✵✦❄✺✻ ✥✫❅✒✰◗✷✺✹❵❙✺✬✿✾✛✹➛✬✿✵ ✒ ✒ ✬✿✵ Û ✧✫Ü✌✯❵✵✦✬✯❂✺✾■✹✴✰◗✷✺✹✛✣✦✹➌✩✫✣◗✹❖✰ ✷➒✥✼✥★❄●✰✸✾✛✥✫✻✼✹■✵❚✰◗✷✪✩✽✰❚✾■✥★✣◗✣✦✹✛✵◗◆❞✥★❂✺❙✕✰✸✥➹✰✸✷✭✬✯✵✙✹■❯✫✹✛❂❁✰❀❑

✩✳❂➩❃★✹■❂✺✹✛✣◗✩✫✮➠❱✭✬✿❅①④r✬✯✵◆✲✺❂✺✬✿✰◗✹✴✩✫❂✺❙⑤✬✿❅✶✹❀✩✫✾❏✷➩✥★❄✭✰◗✾✛✥★✻✜✹❖✬✯✵✙✹■❈❬❄✺✩✫✮✯✮✱✲✏✮✯✬✆✝✫✹■✮✿✲★❱●✰✸✷✺✹■❂

✩❩Ï ➻ Ò✒➤ ▲➻ ▲ ▲④✸▲

(18)

✰✸✷✭✹✛✥★✣❴✲❹✰✸✷✪✩✽✰❘✷❚✬✯✮✿✮✙✧❛✹⑤❄✺✵✦✹■❅❇❄✺✮❝✮✩✽✰◗✹✛✣■❑ ✤ ✬✱❯★✹■❂

✥★✧ ✂✦✹✛✾➢✰✸✵■❱❚✰◗✷✺✹⑤❂❬❄✭✻➛✧❛✹■✣❜✥✫❅❃✷❩✩❀✲❬✵✏✥✫❅ ✥★✣✦❙✺✹✛✣✦✬✯❂✺❃✴✰✸✷✺✹■✵◗✹❘✥✫✧ ✂✦✹✛✾➢✰✸✵❩✬✿✵

✁ ➤

Ï

Ð ✒ Ò✛Ï

Ð✗Û★Ò ✒✓✒✓✒

Ü

Û

✒ ❑✡❵✪✥★✣➒✾■✥★❂❁❯★✹■❂✺✬✯✹■❂✺✾✛✹✽❱ ✷❭✹ ❙✺✹ ✲✪❂✺✹ Ú

➤ ✒ ❑❉▲✆✹➌✩✫✮✯✵✦✥❵❙✺✹✳✲✺❂✺✹

✛✄✆☎

Ï

Ð

Ò

➨ Ï➠Û●❑Û★Ò

✣◗✹✛✩✫❙✵✫

✾❏✷✺✥❬✥★✵✦✹

✭✺❱ ✷❚✷✺✬✿✾❏✷➹✬✯✵①✰◗✷✺✹✙❂❊❄✺✻➛✧❞✹✛✣✒✥✫❅×❙✺✬✿✵✦✰◗✬✯❂✺✾➢✰✂✷❩✩❀✲❬✵✤✥✫❅❞✾❏✷✺✥❬✥★✵◗✬✿❂✺❃

✥★✧ ✂✦✹■✾■✰✸✵ ❅❇✣◗✥✫✻

❑✹❵×✥✫✣❭✹➢⑦✭✩✫✻✜◆✺✮✿✹✫❱✭✬✱❅ ✷➒✹❖✷✪✩❀❯★✹➌✩✐✾✛✮✯✩✫✵◗✵❭✥✫❅①Û Ú ◆❞✹✛✥★◆✺✮✿✹❖✩✫❂✺❙ ✷➒✹✝✷❭✩✫❂❁✰✙✰✸✥➛✵✦✹✛✮✯✹■✾■✰❝✩ ✾✛✥✫✻✼✻✜✬✿✰✦✰✸✹✛✹❍✥✫❅❉Ü❵✵❴✰✸❄✺❙✺✹■❂❁✰✸✵✛❱×✰✸✷✭✹✛❂✕✰✸✷✺✹■✣◗✹➌✩✫✣◗✹

Û Ú

Ü

Û Ú

Ü ✁ ✒✞✝

Û Ú✠✟ ✒✔✓✠✟✟✒☛✡

Ü

Û

✟ ✒

➤ ✒ ✒ Ú

◆❞✥★✵◗✵✦✬✯✧✺✮✿✹❖✾✛✥★✻✜✻✼✬✱✰◗✰◗✹✛✹✛✵■❑①▲✆✹➌❂✭✥✫✰✸✹❖✰✸✷✭✹✴❅❇✥✫✮✯✮✯✥ ✷❚✬✿❂✺❃➛◆✺✣✦✥★◆❛✹■✣✦✰◗✬✯✹✛✵■ë

Ú

✩✫❂✭❙

✛✄☞☎

Ð

✄✌☎

å

✞✠✟✎✍ ☞✍✌✗✔♠❧❖❥❶❧❖✌✗✔♠❧❖✌✏✎ ♣rq✜❧❖✌✏✎✒♥

✩ ❅ ✷❭✹❝❨✪✬✯◆✏✩➌❅❷✩✫✬✿✣❆✾■✥★✬✯❂✜✰ ✷❚✬✯✾■✹✫❱●✰◗✷✺✹✛❂✏✰◗✷✺✹❍◆✭✣◗✥★✧✪✩✽✧✺✬✯✮✿✬✿✰✳✲❵✥✫❅ ✰ ✷❭✥➛✷✭✹❀✩✫❙✺✵❭✬✯✵

â

ã

â

ã

❑❪▲❶✹ ✻➛❄✺✮✱✰✸✬✿◆✺✮✿✲✜✰✸✷✺✹▼◆✺✣◗✥✫✧✪✩✫✧✺✬✿✮✯✬✿✰◗✬✯✹■✵❩✧❛✹■✾❀✩✫❄✭✵◗✹✸✷➒✹✐✣✦✹✛❃❁✩✫✣✦❙➩✰◗✷✺✹▼✰ ✷➒✥✼✰◗✥★✵◗✵✦✹✛✵❖✩✫✵❝✬✯❂✭❙✺✹✛◆❞✹✛❂✺❙✭✹✛❂❁✰❀❑ ❫✙✷✺✹❖❅❇✥★✣✦✻❜✩✫✮❛❙✺✹✳✲✺❂✺✬✿✰◗✬✯✥★❂✕✥✫❅❪✬✯❂✺❙✭✹✛◆❞✹✛❂✺❙✺✹■❂✺✾✛✹➌✬✯✵❚✩✽✵❚❅❇✥✫✮✯✮✯✥ ✷❚✵■❑

❝✒➊ ❴ ✺❂✶✴❩✶✹✼❊✺ ➋✺➍✑✏ ➲ ➑❭→✏➓➢➳✫➓➢➞✪➔❋↔❚➻ ↕✫➞❞➺ ✰ ↕✫➸✸➓ ❾❷➀ ❚✶②❊✈✒②❬➀✡❚✍②❬➀❛❻ ➜➐

✩❭Ï

✰➛Ò❆➤ ✩❭Ï

Ò ✩❭Ï ✰❵Ò Ï➟Û●❑Ü★Ò

↕✫➞❞➺✼➑❭➓➌➑✒➸❡➜❋➔✳➓❝➻✓✒ ✰✏➯ ❡⑩↔☛➓➢➔✙→➣➐➛➓➢➳✫➓➢➞✪➔❇↔ ➦ ➻ æ✶ë✏í✤ç ✡✪➭ ➜✯↔➌➜❋➞❞➺❬➓✳➷✪➓➢➞❞➺❬➓➢➞✪➔✒➜➐

✩ ♦

æ✕✔☛✖

➻ æ♣ ➤✘✗ æ✕✔☛✖

✩❩Ï ➻ æ❋Ò

➐❀→➝➸➛➓➢➳✫➓➢➸❡➬❝➵✤➞✪➜❋➔✳➓❘↔➢➘ ➪ ↔☛➓➢➔✚✙❰→➣➐ ✡❛➯

Imagem

FIGURE 8.1. Nerve data. The solid line in the middle is the empirial
FIGURE 8.2. Plasma holesterol for 51 patients with no heart disease
FIGURE 9.1. Law shool data.
FIGURE 9.2. Path data.
+4

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