Determination of the strange quark density of the proton from ATLAS measurements of the $W \to \ell \nu$ and $Z \to \ell\ell$ cross sections

EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)

CERN-PH-EP-2012-030

Submitted to: Physical Review Letters

Determination of the strange quark density of the proton from

ATLAS measurements of the

W → `ν

and

Z → ``

cross sections

The ATLAS Collaboration

Abstract

A QCD analysis is reported of ATLAS data on inclusive W

±

and Z boson production in pp collisions

at the LHC, jointly with ep deep inelastic scattering data from HERA. The ATLAS data exhibit sensitivity

to the light quark sea composition and magnitude at Bjorken x ∼ 0.01. Specifically, the data support

the hypothesis of a symmetric composition of the light quark sea at low x. The ratio of the

strange-to-down sea quark distributions is determined to be 1.00

+0.25_−0.28

at absolute four-momentum transfer

squared Q

2

= 1.9

GeV

2

and x = 0.023.

of the W → `ν and Z → `` cross sections

The ATLAS Collaboration

(Dated: February 27, 2013)

A QCD analysis is reported of ATLAS data on inclusive W±and Z boson production in pp collisions at the LHC, jointly with ep deep inelastic scattering data from HERA. The ATLAS data exhibit sensitivity to the light quark sea composition and magnitude at Bjorken x ∼ 0.01. Specifically, the data support the hypothesis of a symmetric composition of the light quark sea at low x. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea quark distributions is determined to be 1.00+0.25−0.28 at absolute

four-momentum transfer squared Q2= 1.9 GeV2 and x = 0.023.

PACS numbers: 12.38.Qk, 13.38.Be, 13.38.Dg, 13.85.Qk

Little is known about the strange quark distribution

in the proton. Flavor SU (3) symmetry suggests that

the three light sea quark distributions are equal. How-ever, the strange quarks may be suppressed due to their larger mass. The nucleon strange density plays an im-portant role for a number of physics processes, ranging from measurements at proton-proton colliders of W bo-son production associated with charm jets [1] and of the W boson mass [2], to the formation of strange matter [3] and neutrino interactions at ultrahigh energies [4].

Knowledge of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton comes mainly from deep-inelastic lepton proton scattering experiments covering a broad range of

Q2, the absolute four-momentum transfer squared, and

of Bjorken x. The PDFs are determined from data using perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD). The region x . 0.01 is primarily constrained by the precise

measurement of the proton structure function F2(x, Q2)

at HERA [5], which determines a specific combination of light quark and anti-quark distributions. However, the

flavor composition of the total light sea, xΣ = 2x(¯u + ¯d +

¯

s), has not been determined at these x values.

The strange quark distribution has been accessed in charged current neutrino scattering through the

subpro-cesses W+_{s → c and W}−_{s → ¯¯ c. This measurement has}

been made by the NuTeV [6] and CCFR [7] experiments, providing information on the strange and anti-strange

density at x ∼ 0.1 and Q2 _{∼ 10 GeV}2_{. However, the}

interpretation of these data is sensitive to uncertainties from charm fragmentation and nuclear corrections. The analyses of Refs. [8–11] suggest strangeness suppression,

with ¯s/ ¯_{d . 0.5, whereas the analysis of Ref. [12] is}

con-sistent with ¯s/ ¯d ' 1 (unsuppressed strangeness). Recent

HERMES Kaon multiplicity data [13] point to a strong x dependence of the strange quark density and a rather

large value of x(s + ¯s) at x ' 0.04 and Q2 _{' 1.3 GeV}2_.

However, the interpretation of these data depends on the knowledge of the fragmentation of strange quarks to K

mesons at low Q2_.

In the present letter it is shown that the differential

measurements of the inclusive W± and Z boson cross

sections at the LHC, recently performed by the ATLAS

collaboration using 35 pb−1of pp collision data recorded

in 2010 [14], provide new constraints on the strange quark

distribution at high scale, Q2_{∼ M}2

W,Z, which imply

con-straints at low Q2 _{through pQCD evolution. Because}

of the weak couplings of the quarks involved,

comple-mentary information to F2 is provided which also

con-strains xΣ. A quantity of special interest is the ratio of

the (W+_{+ W}−_{) and Z cross sections which is sensitive}

to the flavor composition of the quark sea [12, 15, 16] and is rather insensitive to the influence of higher

or-der pQCD corrections [17]. The inclusive

electromag-netic and weak Drell-Yan scattering process is theoreti-cally well understood [18, 19]. The parton distribution analysis is performed here in next-to-next-to leading or-der (NNLO) QCD using the ATLAS data jointly with inclusive deep inelastic scattering data from HERA.

The combined e±_{p cross section measurements of H1}

and ZEUS [5] cover a kinematic range of Q2 _{from near}

1 GeV2 _{to above 10}4_GeV2 _{and of x from ∼ 0.6 down}

to 10−4. The ATLAS data access a kinematic range

pre-scribed by the boson masses, MW,Z, and the proton beam

energy, Ep= 3.5 TeV, corresponding to Q2' MW,Z2 and

an x range 0.001 . x . 0.1, with a mean x = MZ/2Ep =

0.013 for the Z boson. The W± and Z boson differential

cross sections have been measured [14] as functions of

the W decay lepton (e, µ) pseudorapidity, ηl, and of the

Z boson rapidity, yZ, respectively, with an experimental

precision of typically (1 − 2) % in each bin. The abso-lute normalization of the three cross sections is known to within 3.4 %. Many systematic uncertainties on the

mea-surements of the W±and Z boson cross sections are fully

correlated. These correlations are taken into account in the analysis.

The present QCD analysis uses the HERAFitter

frame-work [5, 20, 21]. The light quark coefficient

func-tions are calculated to NNLO as implemented in QCD-NUM [22]. The contributions of heavy quarks are calcu-lated in the general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme of Refs. [23, 24]. The electroweak parameters and cor-rections relevant for the W and Z boson production pro-cesses are determined following the procedure described

2 in Ref. [14], and the results are cross-checked between

the FEWZ [19] and the DYNNLO [18] programs. The HERAFitter package uses the APPLGRID code [25] in-terfaced to the MCFM program [26] for fast calculation of the differential W and Z boson cross sections at NLO and a K-factor technique to correct from NLO to NNLO predictions. The data are compared to the theory using

the χ2 _{function defined in Refs. [27–29].}

The evolution equations yield the PDFs at any value

of Q2_{given that they are parametrized as functions of x}

at an initial scale Q2

0. In the present analysis, this scale

is chosen to be Q2

0= 1.9 GeV2 such that it is below the

charm mass threshold m2

c. The heavy quark masses are

chosen to be mc = 1.4 GeV and mb = 4.75 GeV. The

strong coupling constant is fixed to αS(MZ) = 0.1176, as

in Ref. [5]. A minimum Q2 cut of Q2_min ≥ 7.5 GeV2 _is

imposed on the HERA data.

The quark distributions at the initial scale are repre-sented by the generic form

xqi(x) = AixBi(1 − x)CiPi(x), (1)

where Pi(x) denotes polynomials in powers of x. The

parametrized quark distributions, xqi, are chosen to be

the valence quark distributions (xuv, xdv) and the light

anti-quark distributions (x¯u, x ¯d, x¯s). The gluon

dis-tribution is parametrized with the more flexible form

xg(x) = AgxBg(1 − x)CgPg(x) − A0gx

B0

g(1 − x)C

0

g, where

C_g0 is set to 25 to suppress negative contributions at high

x. The parameters Auv and Adv are fixed using the quark

counting rule and Agusing the momentum sum rule. The

normalization and slope parameters, A and B, of ¯u and

¯

d are set equal such that x¯u = x ¯d at x → 0. Terms are

added in the polynomial expansion Pi(x) only if required

by the data, following the procedure described in Ref. [5].

This leads to one additional term, Puv(x) = 1 + Euvx

2_.

Two types of NNLO fit, termed epWZ, are performed

with different treatments of strangeness. First, the

strange quark distribution is fully coupled to the down

sea quark distribution and suppressed by fixing ¯s/ ¯d = 0.5

at the initial scale Q20 (“fixed ¯s fit”) as suggested by

Refs. [5, 8–11]. In a second fit, x¯s is parametrized as

in Eq. 1, with P¯s = 1 and Bs¯ = B_d¯, leaving two free

strangeness parameters, As and Cs (“free ¯s fit”). By

default it is assumed that xs = x¯s.

Both fits result in good overall χ2_/N

DF values of

546.1/567 with 13 free parameters, for fixed ¯s, and of

538.4/565 with 15 free parameters, for free ¯s. For the

fixed ¯s fit, the partial χ2 _{of the ATLAS data is 44.5}

for 30 data points. This improves significantly to 33.9

for the fit with free ¯s. This fit determines the value of

rs= 0.5(s + ¯s)/ ¯d to be

rs= 1.00±0.20exp±0.07mod+0.10_−0.15par+0.06_−0.07αS±0.08th, (2)

at Q2

0 and x = 0.023, the x value, which corresponds to

x = 0.013 at Q2 _{= M}2

Z as a result of QCD evolution.

The combined result is rs= 1.00+0.25−0.28.

The uncertainty of rs(Eq. 2) is dominated by the

ex-perimental (exp) uncertainty, which is mostly driven by the statistical and systematic uncertainties of the W and Z cross section measurements. The model (mod)

uncer-tainty includes effects due to variations (1.25 < mc <

1.55 GeV and 4.5 < mb < 5.0 GeV) of the charm and

beauty quark masses following Ref. [30], of the minimum

Q2_{cut value (5 < Q}2

min< 10 GeV2), and the value of the

starting scale (Q2

0lowered to 1.5 GeV2). The largest

con-tribution to the model uncertainty of ±0.05 comes from the variation of the charm quark mass. The parametriza-tion (par) uncertainty corresponds to the envelope of the

results obtained with the polynomials Pi, in Eq. 1,

ex-tended by one or two terms, resulting in somewhat

differ-ent parton distributions with similar χ2 as for the

nom-inal fit. The parametrization uncertainty also includes

a fit with B¯s free. The αs uncertainty corresponds to

a variation of αs(MZ) from 0.114 to 0.121. Finally, a

theoretical (th) uncertainty is assessed by comparing the

DYNNLO and FEWZ predictions on the Z, W+_{and W}−

fiducial cross sections, which agree at the level of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 %, respectively. In addition, remaining missing pure electroweak corrections may alter the QCD predic-tions at the per mille level. Both effects are well covered by an uncertainty of 1% on the W/Z cross section ratio

and this results in a theoretical uncertainty on rsof 0.08.

The fits impose small shifts, typically much smaller than one standard deviation, on the correlated system-atic uncertainties of the data. The global normalization is observed to be shifted upwards for both fits by about the size of the luminosity measurement uncertainty. The

W± and Z cross section measurements are compared in

Fig. 1 to the NNLO fit results, after these shifts are ap-plied to the predictions. Also shown are the ratios of the

fits with free ¯s and with fixed ¯s. It is apparent that the

enhanced strange quark fraction in the free ¯s fit has no

significant effect on the prediction of the ηl distributions

for both the W+ and W− decay leptons, while it leads

to an improvement in the prediction of the yZ

distribu-tion. An improvement is also observed in the description

of the ratio of the (W+_{+ W}−_{) to the Z boson cross}

sec-tions in the fiducial phase space. This is predicted to be

11.10 in the fit with fixed ¯s, while the measured value of

10.70 ± 0.15 is almost exactly reproduced in the fit with

free ¯s, which gives a value of 10.74.

In order to check the robustness of the present result

for rs, a series of cross checks is performed. A fit without

allowing an adjustment of the correlated errors yields a

value of rs= 0.97±0.26exp, in good agreement with Eq. 2.

A fit with identical input parameters is repeated at NLO

and also yields a consistent result: rs = 1.03 ± 0.19exp.

If this NLO fit is performed with a massless heavy quark

treatment then rs = 1.05 ± 0.19exp is obtained. In a

separate NLO study, the constraint (x¯u − x ¯d) → 0 for

x → 0 is relaxed. The x ¯d(x) distribution is found to

| l η | 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 s free/fixed 0.981 1.02 | l η | 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 | [pb]l η /d| σ d 500 550 600 650 700 -1 L dt = 33-36 pb

∫

l ν + l → + W = 7 TeV) s Data 2010 ( stat. uncertainty) ⊕ (uncorr. sys. s epWZ fixed s epWZ free ATLAS | l η | 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 s free/fixed 0.981 1.02 | l η | 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 | [pb]l η /d| σ d 350 400 450 500 -1 L dt = 33-36 pb

∫

l ν l → -W = 7 TeV) s Data 2010 ( stat. uncertainty) ⊕ (uncorr. sys. s epWZ fixed s epWZ free ATLAS | Z |y 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 s free/fixed 0.981 1.02 | Z |y 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 | [pb]_Z /d|y σ d 60 80 100 120 140 -1 L dt = 33-36 pb

∫

-l + l → Z = 7 TeV) s Data 2010 ( stat. uncertainty) ⊕ (uncorr. sys. s epWZ fixed s epWZ free ATLAS

FIG. 1. Differential dσ/d|η`+| (left) and dσ/d|η`−| (middle) cross section measurements for W → `ν and dσ/d|yZ| cross

section measurement for Z → `` (right). The error bars represent the statistical and uncorrelated systematic uncertainties added in quadrature while the theoretical curves are adjusted to the correlated error shifts (see text). The NNLO fit results with free and fixed strangeness are also indicated, and their ratios are shown below the cross section plots.

(∼ 15% at x ∼ 0.01 and Q2

0). The fraction of strangeness

is again consistent with unity, rs= 0.96±0.25exp. Finally

the data are fitted, to NNLO, with separate strange and

anti-strange normalizations. The resulting value of rs is

consistent with unity and the ratio ¯s/s is 0.93 ± 0.15exp

at x = 0.023 and Q2= Q20.

W, Z cross section measurements performed at the

Tevatron may potentially have sensitivity to rs similar

to that of the ATLAS data. A NLO fit to the HERA with the CDF W asymmetry [31] and Z rapidity [32]

data gives rs = 0.66 ± 0.29exp at a mean x of about

0.081. This is consistent within uncertainties with both suppressed strangeness and with the present result. A NLO fit to the combined HERA, ATLAS and CDF data

yields rs= 0.95 ± 0.17exp.

The provision of the full differential cross sections for

both W+_{, W}− _{and Z boson production, besides the ep}

cross sections, is essential for the determination of xs: if the ATLAS Z cross section data are fitted together with the ATLAS W charge asymmetry data, rather than with

the separate W+and W− cross section measurements, a

less precise result is obtained with rs= 0.92 ± 0.31exp.

In Fig. 2 the present result for rsis compared with

pre-dictions obtained from four global PDF determinations. The CT10 (NLO) [12] determination gives a large

frac-tion consistent with the present result. On the other

hand, the MSTW08 [8] and ABKM09 [9]

determina-tions give a much lower value of rs ' 0.5, and the

NNPDF2.1 [10, 11] result of rs' 0.25 is even lower.

The enlarged fraction of the strange quark sea leads to a decrease of the down and up quark sea densities at the

initial scale Q2

0, because x¯s, x ¯d and x¯u are tied together

at low x by the precise F2 data. In compensation for the

increase of x¯s, the x ¯d and x¯u distributions are

dimin-ished by ' 10%. The total sea, xΣ, is correspondingly enhanced by ' 8%, as illustrated in Fig. 3.

s r -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 ABKM09 NNPDF2.1 MSTW08 CT10 (NLO) total uncertainty experimental uncertainty ATLAS , x=0.023 2 = 1.9 GeV 2 Q epWZ free s

FIG. 2. Predictions for the ratio rs = 0.5(s + ¯s)/ ¯d, at

Q2 _{= 1.9 GeV}2_{, x = 0.023. Points: global fit results}

us-ing the PDF uncertainties as quoted; bands: this analysis; inner band, experimental uncertainty; outer band, total un-certainty.

The result on rs, Eq. 2, evolves to

rs= 1.00±0.07exp±0.03mod+0.04_−0.06par±0.02αS±0.03th (3)

at Q2 _{= M}2

Z and x = 0.013, corresponding to a value

of rs(0.013, MZ2) = 1.00

+0.09

−0.10, which is more than twice

as precise as at the initial scale Q2

0. Uncertainties are

smaller at Q2 _{= M}2

Z because the gluon splitting

proba-bility into q ¯q pairs is flavor independent, thus reducing

any initial flavor asymmetries. This also causes rs to

in-crease from 0.5 at Q20to a value of about 0.8 at Q2= MZ2

in the fixed ¯s fit.

In summary, a NNLO pQCD analysis is performed of

the first differential ATLAS W±_{, Z pp cross sections with}

HERA e±p data. The W, Z measurements introduce a

novel sensitivity to the strange quark density at x ∼ 0.01, which is exploited here for the first time. The ratio of the strange to the down sea quark density is found to be

rs= 1.00+0.25_−0.28, at Bjorken x = 0.023 and the initial scale

of the QCD fit Q2

0 = 1.9 GeV2. This is consistent with

4 x -3 10 ₁₀-2 ₁₀-1 ) s + d + u = 2x( Σ x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 2 = 1.9 GeV 2 Q s epWZ fixed s epWZ free ATLAS

FIG. 3. Distribution of the light sea quarks, xΣ = 2x(¯u + ¯

d + ¯s), in the NNLO analysis of HERA and ATLAS data with a fixed fraction of strangeness (lower, green curve) and with a fitted fraction of about unity (upper blue curve). The bands represent the experimental uncertainties.

symmetric. A consequence of this initial observation is

that the total sea, xΣ = 2x(¯u + ¯d + ¯s), is enhanced by

about 8 %, as compared to the result when the strange quark is suppressed to half the magnitude of the down sea quark.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONI-CYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIEN-CIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Founda-tion, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Geor-gia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Rus-sia and ROSATOM, RusRus-sian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Can-tons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Lever-hulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.

The crucial computing support from all WLCG part-ners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF

(Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Tai-wan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 fa-cilities worldwide.

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D. Axen167_{, C. Ay}54_{, G. Azuelos}92,d_{, Y. Azuma}154_{, M.A. Baak}29_{, G. Baccaglioni}88a_{, C. Bacci}133a,133b_{, A.M. Bach}14_,

H. Bachacou135_{, K. Bachas}29_{, M. Backes}49_{, M. Backhaus}20_{, E. Badescu}25a_{, P. Bagnaia}131a,131b_{, S. Bahinipati}2_,

Y. Bai32a_{, D.C. Bailey}157_{, T. Bain}157_{, J.T. Baines}128_{, O.K. Baker}174_{, M.D. Baker}24_{, S. Baker}76_{, E. Banas}38_,

P. Banerjee92_{, Sw. Banerjee}171_{, D. Banfi}29_{, A. Bangert}149_{, V. Bansal}168_{, H.S. Bansil}17_{, L. Barak}170_{, S.P. Baranov}93_,

A. Barashkou64_{, A. Barbaro Galtieri}14_{, T. Barber}48_{, E.L. Barberio}85_{, D. Barberis}50a,50b_{, M. Barbero}20_,

D.Y. Bardin64_{, T. Barillari}98_{, M. Barisonzi}173_{, T. Barklow}142_{, N. Barlow}27_{, B.M. Barnett}128_{, R.M. Barnett}14_,

A. Baroncelli133a_{, G. Barone}49_{, A.J. Barr}117_{, F. Barreiro}79_{, J. Barreiro Guimar˜aes da Costa}57_{, P. Barrillon}114_,

R. Bartoldus142_{, A.E. Barton}70_{, V. Bartsch}148_{, R.L. Bates}53_{, L. Batkova}143a_{, J.R. Batley}27_{, A. Battaglia}16_,

M. Battistin29_{, F. Bauer}135_{, H.S. Bawa}142,e_{, S. Beale}97_{, T. Beau}77_{, P.H. Beauchemin}160_{, R. Beccherle}50a_,

P. Bechtle20, H.P. Beck16, S. Becker97, M. Beckingham137, K.H. Becks173, A.J. Beddall18c, A. Beddall18c,

S. Bedikian174, V.A. Bednyakov64, C.P. Bee82, M. Begel24, S. Behar Harpaz151, P.K. Behera62, M. Beimforde98,

C. Belanger-Champagne84, P.J. Bell49, W.H. Bell49, G. Bella152, L. Bellagamba19a, F. Bellina29, M. Bellomo29,

A. Belloni57, O. Beloborodova106,f, K. Belotskiy95, O. Beltramello29, S. Ben Ami151, O. Benary152,

D. Benchekroun134a, C. Benchouk82, M. Bendel80, N. Benekos164, Y. Benhammou152, E. Benhar Noccioli49,

J.A. Benitez Garcia158b_{, D.P. Benjamin}44_{, M. Benoit}114_{, J.R. Bensinger}22_{, K. Benslama}129_{, S. Bentvelsen}104_,

D. Berge29_{, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann}41_{, N. Berger}4_{, F. Berghaus}168_{, E. Berglund}104_{, J. Beringer}14_{, P. Bernat}76_,

R. Bernhard48_{, C. Bernius}24_{, T. Berry}75_{, C. Bertella}82_{, A. Bertin}19a,19b_{, F. Bertinelli}29_{, F. Bertolucci}121a,121b_,

M.I. Besana88a,88b_{, N. Besson}135_{, S. Bethke}98_{, W. Bhimji}45_{, R.M. Bianchi}29_{, M. Bianco}71a,71b_{, O. Biebel}97_,

S.P. Bieniek76_{, K. Bierwagen}54_{, J. Biesiada}14_{, M. Biglietti}133a_{, H. Bilokon}47_{, M. Bindi}19a,19b_{, S. Binet}114_,

A. Bingul18c_{, C. Bini}131a,131b_{, C. Biscarat}176_{, U. Bitenc}48_{, K.M. Black}21_{, R.E. Blair}5_{, J.-B. Blanchard}135_,

G. Blanchot29_{, T. Blazek}143a_{, C. Blocker}22_{, J. Blocki}38_{, A. Blondel}49_{, W. Blum}80_{, U. Blumenschein}54_,

G.J. Bobbink104_{, V.B. Bobrovnikov}106_{, S.S. Bocchetta}78_{, A. Bocci}44_{, C.R. Boddy}117_{, M. Boehler}41_{, J. Boek}173_,

N. Boelaert35_{, J.A. Bogaerts}29_{, A. Bogdanchikov}106_{, A. Bogouch}89,∗_{, C. Bohm}145a_{, V. Boisvert}75_{, T. Bold}37_,

V. Boldea25a_{, N.M. Bolnet}135_{, M. Bona}74_{, V.G. Bondarenko}95_{, M. Bondioli}162_{, M. Boonekamp}135_{, C.N. Booth}138_,

S. Bordoni77, C. Borer16, A. Borisov127, G. Borissov70, I. Borjanovic12a, M. Borri81, S. Borroni86,

V. Bortolotto133a,133b, K. Bos104, D. Boscherini19a, M. Bosman11, H. Boterenbrood104, D. Botterill128,

J. Bouchami92, J. Boudreau122, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker70, D. Boumediene33, C. Bourdarios114, N. Bousson82,

A. Boveia30, J. Boyd29, I.R. Boyko64, N.I. Bozhko127, I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic12b, J. Bracinik17, A. Braem29,

P. Branchini133a, G.W. Brandenburg57, A. Brandt7, G. Brandt117, O. Brandt54, U. Bratzler155, B. Brau83,

J.E. Brau113_{, H.M. Braun}173_{, B. Brelier}157_{, J. Bremer}29_{, R. Brenner}165_{, S. Bressler}170_{, D. Britton}53_{, F.M. Brochu}27_,

I. Brock20_{, R. Brock}87_{, T.J. Brodbeck}70_{, E. Brodet}152_{, F. Broggi}88a_{, C. Bromberg}87_{, J. Bronner}98_{, G. Brooijmans}34_,

W.K. Brooks31b_{, G. Brown}81_{, H. Brown}7_{, P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom}38_{, D. Bruncko}143b_{, R. Bruneliere}48_,

S. Brunet60_{, A. Bruni}19a_{, G. Bruni}19a_{, M. Bruschi}19a_{, T. Buanes}13_{, Q. Buat}55_{, F. Bucci}49_{, J. Buchanan}117_,

N.J. Buchanan2_{, P. Buchholz}140_{, R.M. Buckingham}117_{, A.G. Buckley}45_{, S.I. Buda}25a_{, I.A. Budagov}64_{, B. Budick}107_,

V. B¨uscher80_{, L. Bugge}116_{, O. Bulekov}95_{, M. Bunse}42_{, T. Buran}116_{, H. Burckhart}29_{, S. Burdin}72_{, T. Burgess}13_,

S. Burke128_{, E. Busato}33_{, P. Bussey}53_{, C.P. Buszello}165_{, F. Butin}29_{, B. Butler}142_{, J.M. Butler}21_{, C.M. Buttar}53_,

6

G. Calderini77, P. Calfayan97, R. Calkins105, L.P. Caloba23a, R. Caloi131a,131b, D. Calvet33, S. Calvet33,

R. Camacho Toro33, P. Camarri132a,132b, M. Cambiaghi118a,118b, D. Cameron116, L.M. Caminada14, S. Campana29,

M. Campanelli76, V. Canale101a,101b, F. Canelli30,g, A. Canepa158a, J. Cantero79, L. Capasso101a,101b,

M.D.M. Capeans Garrido29_{, I. Caprini}25a_{, M. Caprini}25a_{, D. Capriotti}98_{, M. Capua}36a,36b_{, R. Caputo}80_,

C. Caramarcu24_{, R. Cardarelli}132a_{, T. Carli}29_{, G. Carlino}101a_{, L. Carminati}88a,88b_{, B. Caron}84_{, S. Caron}103_,

G.D. Carrillo Montoya171_{, A.A. Carter}74_{, J.R. Carter}27_{, J. Carvalho}123a,h_{, D. Casadei}107_{, M.P. Casado}11_,

M. Cascella121a,121b_{, C. Caso}50a,50b,∗_{, A.M. Castaneda Hernandez}171_{, E. Castaneda-Miranda}171_,

V. Castillo Gimenez166_{, N.F. Castro}123a_{, G. Cataldi}71a_{, F. Cataneo}29_{, A. Catinaccio}29_{, J.R. Catmore}29_{, A. Cattai}29_,

G. Cattani132a,132b_{, S. Caughron}87_{, D. Cauz}163a,163c_{, P. Cavalleri}77_{, D. Cavalli}88a_{, M. Cavalli-Sforza}11_,

V. Cavasinni121a,121b_{, F. Ceradini}133a,133b_{, A.S. Cerqueira}23b_{, A. Cerri}29_{, L. Cerrito}74_{, F. Cerutti}47_{, S.A. Cetin}18b_,

F. Cevenini101a,101b_{, A. Chafaq}134a_{, D. Chakraborty}105_{, K. Chan}2_{, B. Chapleau}84_{, J.D. Chapman}27_,

J.W. Chapman86_{, E. Chareyre}77_{, D.G. Charlton}17_{, V. Chavda}81_{, C.A. Chavez Barajas}29_{, S. Cheatham}84_,

S. Chekanov5_{, S.V. Chekulaev}158a_{, G.A. Chelkov}64_{, M.A. Chelstowska}103_{, C. Chen}63_{, H. Chen}24_{, S. Chen}32c_,

T. Chen32c, X. Chen171, S. Cheng32a, A. Cheplakov64, V.F. Chepurnov64, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli134e,

V. Chernyatin24, E. Cheu6, S.L. Cheung157, L. Chevalier135, G. Chiefari101a,101b, L. Chikovani51a, J.T. Childers29,

A. Chilingarov70, G. Chiodini71a, A.S. Chisholm17, M.V. Chizhov64, G. Choudalakis30, S. Chouridou136,

I.A. Christidi76, A. Christov48, D. Chromek-Burckhart29, M.L. Chu150, J. Chudoba124, G. Ciapetti131a,131b,

K. Ciba37, A.K. Ciftci3a, R. Ciftci3a, D. Cinca33, V. Cindro73, M.D. Ciobotaru162, C. Ciocca19a, A. Ciocio14,

M. Cirilli86_{, M. Citterio}88a_{, M. Ciubancan}25a_{, A. Clark}49_{, P.J. Clark}45_{, W. Cleland}122_{, J.C. Clemens}82_,

B. Clement55_{, C. Clement}145a,145b_{, R.W. Clifft}128_{, Y. Coadou}82_{, M. Cobal}163a,163c_{, A. Coccaro}171_{, J. Cochran}63_,

P. Coe117_{, J.G. Cogan}142_{, J. Coggeshall}164_{, E. Cogneras}176_{, J. Colas}4_{, A.P. Colijn}104_{, N.J. Collins}17_,

C. Collins-Tooth53_{, J. Collot}55_{, G. Colon}83_{, P. Conde Mui˜no}123a_{, E. Coniavitis}117_{, M.C. Conidi}11_{, M. Consonni}103_,

V. Consorti48_{, S. Constantinescu}25a_{, C. Conta}118a,118b_{, F. Conventi}101a,i_{, J. Cook}29_{, M. Cooke}14_{, B.D. Cooper}76_,

A.M. Cooper-Sarkar117_{, K. Copic}14_{, T. Cornelissen}173_{, M. Corradi}19a_{, F. Corriveau}84,j_{, A. Cortes-Gonzalez}164_,

G. Cortiana98_{, G. Costa}88a_{, M.J. Costa}166_{, D. Costanzo}138_{, T. Costin}30_{, D. Cˆot´e}29_{, R. Coura Torres}23a_,

L. Courneyea168_{, G. Cowan}75_{, C. Cowden}27_{, B.E. Cox}81_{, K. Cranmer}107_{, F. Crescioli}121a,121b_{, M. Cristinziani}20_,

G. Crosetti36a,36b_{, R. Crupi}71a,71b_{, S. Cr´ep´e-Renaudin}55_{, C.-M. Cuciuc}25a_{, C. Cuenca Almenar}174_,

T. Cuhadar Donszelmann138_{, M. Curatolo}47_{, C.J. Curtis}17_{, C. Cuthbert}149_{, P. Cwetanski}60_{, H. Czirr}140_,

P. Czodrowski43, Z. Czyczula174, S. D’Auria53, M. D’Onofrio72, A. D’Orazio131a,131b, P.V.M. Da Silva23a,

C. Da Via81, W. Dabrowski37, T. Dai86, C. Dallapiccola83, M. Dam35, M. Dameri50a,50b, D.S. Damiani136,

H.O. Danielsson29, D. Dannheim98, V. Dao49, G. Darbo50a, G.L. Darlea25b, W. Davey20, T. Davidek125,

N. Davidson85, R. Davidson70, E. Davies117,c, M. Davies92, A.R. Davison76, Y. Davygora58a, E. Dawe141,

I. Dawson138, J.W. Dawson5,∗, R.K. Daya-Ishmukhametova22, K. De7, R. de Asmundis101a, S. De Castro19a,19b,

P.E. De Castro Faria Salgado24_{, S. De Cecco}77_{, J. de Graat}97_{, N. De Groot}103_{, P. de Jong}104_{, C. De La Taille}114_,

H. De la Torre79_{, B. De Lotto}163a,163c_{, L. de Mora}70_{, L. De Nooij}104_{, D. De Pedis}131a_{, A. De Salvo}131a_,

U. De Sanctis163a,163c_{, A. De Santo}148_{, J.B. De Vivie De Regie}114_{, S. Dean}76_{, W.J. Dearnaley}70_{, R. Debbe}24_,

C. Debenedetti45_{, D.V. Dedovich}64_{, J. Degenhardt}119_{, M. Dehchar}117_{, C. Del Papa}163a,163c_{, J. Del Peso}79_,

T. Del Prete121a,121b_{, T. Delemontex}55_{, M. Deliyergiyev}73_{, A. Dell’Acqua}29_{, L. Dell’Asta}21_{, M. Della Pietra}101a,i_,

D. della Volpe101a,101b_{, M. Delmastro}4_{, N. Delruelle}29_{, P.A. Delsart}55_{, C. Deluca}147_{, S. Demers}174_{, M. Demichev}64_,

B. Demirkoz11,k_{, J. Deng}162_{, S.P. Denisov}127_{, D. Derendarz}38_{, J.E. Derkaoui}134d_{, F. Derue}77_{, P. Dervan}72_,

K. Desch20_{, E. Devetak}147_{, P.O. Deviveiros}104_{, A. Dewhurst}128_{, B. DeWilde}147_{, S. Dhaliwal}157_{, R. Dhullipudi}24,l_,

A. Di Ciaccio132a,132b_{, L. Di Ciaccio}4_{, A. Di Girolamo}29_{, B. Di Girolamo}29_{, S. Di Luise}133a,133b_{, A. Di Mattia}171_,

B. Di Micco29_{, R. Di Nardo}47_{, A. Di Simone}132a,132b_{, R. Di Sipio}19a,19b_{, M.A. Diaz}31a_{, F. Diblen}18c_{, E.B. Diehl}86_,

J. Dietrich41, T.A. Dietzsch58a, S. Diglio85, K. Dindar Yagci39, J. Dingfelder20, C. Dionisi131a,131b, P. Dita25a,

S. Dita25a, F. Dittus29, F. Djama82, T. Djobava51b, M.A.B. do Vale23c, A. Do Valle Wemans123a, T.K.O. Doan4,

M. Dobbs84, R. Dobinson29,∗, D. Dobos29, E. Dobson29,m, J. Dodd34, C. Doglioni49, T. Doherty53, Y. Doi65,∗,

J. Dolejsi125, I. Dolenc73, Z. Dolezal125, B.A. Dolgoshein95,∗, T. Dohmae154, M. Donadelli23d, M. Donega119,

J. Donini33, J. Dopke29, A. Doria101a, A. Dos Anjos171, M. Dosil11, A. Dotti121a,121b, M.T. Dova69, J.D. Dowell17,

A.D. Doxiadis104_{, A.T. Doyle}53_{, Z. Drasal}125_{, J. Drees}173_{, N. Dressnandt}119_{, H. Drevermann}29_{, C. Driouichi}35_,

M. Dris9_{, J. Dubbert}98_{, S. Dube}14_{, E. Duchovni}170_{, G. Duckeck}97_{, A. Dudarev}29_{, F. Dudziak}63_{, M. D¨uhrssen}29_,

I.P. Duerdoth81_{, L. Duflot}114_{, M-A. Dufour}84_{, M. Dunford}29_{, H. Duran Yildiz}3a_{, R. Duxfield}138_{, M. Dwuznik}37_,

F. Dydak29_{, M. D¨uren}52_{, W.L. Ebenstein}44_{, J. Ebke}97_{, S. Eckweiler}80_{, K. Edmonds}80_{, C.A. Edwards}75_,

N.C. Edwards53_{, W. Ehrenfeld}41_{, T. Ehrich}98_{, T. Eifert}142_{, G. Eigen}13_{, K. Einsweiler}14_{, E. Eisenhandler}74_,

T. Ekelof165_{, M. El Kacimi}134c_{, M. Ellert}165_{, S. Elles}4_{, F. Ellinghaus}80_{, K. Ellis}74_{, N. Ellis}29_{, J. Elmsheuser}97_,

M. Elsing29_{, D. Emeliyanov}128_{, R. Engelmann}147_{, A. Engl}97_{, B. Epp}61_{, A. Eppig}86_{, J. Erdmann}54_{, A. Ereditato}16_,

C. Escobar122, X. Espinal Curull11, B. Esposito47, F. Etienne82, A.I. Etienvre135, E. Etzion152, D. Evangelakou54,

H. Evans60, L. Fabbri19a,19b, C. Fabre29, R.M. Fakhrutdinov127, S. Falciano131a, Y. Fang171, M. Fanti88a,88b,

A. Farbin7, A. Farilla133a, J. Farley147, T. Farooque157, S.M. Farrington117, P. Farthouat29, P. Fassnacht29,

D. Fassouliotis8_{, B. Fatholahzadeh}157_{, A. Favareto}88a,88b_{, L. Fayard}114_{, S. Fazio}36a,36b_{, R. Febbraro}33_,

P. Federic143a_{, O.L. Fedin}120_{, W. Fedorko}87_{, M. Fehling-Kaschek}48_{, L. Feligioni}82_{, D. Fellmann}5_{, C. Feng}32d_,

E.J. Feng30_{, A.B. Fenyuk}127_{, J. Ferencei}143b_{, J. Ferland}92_{, W. Fernando}108_{, S. Ferrag}53_{, J. Ferrando}53_{, V. Ferrara}41_,

A. Ferrari165_{, P. Ferrari}104_{, R. Ferrari}118a_{, D.E. Ferreira de Lima}53_{, A. Ferrer}166_{, M.L. Ferrer}47_{, D. Ferrere}49_,

C. Ferretti86_{, A. Ferretto Parodi}50a,50b_{, M. Fiascaris}30_{, F. Fiedler}80_{, A. Filipˇciˇc}73_{, A. Filippas}9_{, F. Filthaut}103_,

M. Fincke-Keeler168_{, M.C.N. Fiolhais}123a,h_{, L. Fiorini}166_{, A. Firan}39_{, G. Fischer}41_{, P. Fischer}20_{, M.J. Fisher}108_,

M. Flechl48_{, I. Fleck}140_{, J. Fleckner}80_{, P. Fleischmann}172_{, S. Fleischmann}173_{, T. Flick}173_{, A. Floderus}78_,

L.R. Flores Castillo171_{, M.J. Flowerdew}98_{, M. Fokitis}9_{, T. Fonseca Martin}16_{, D.A. Forbush}137_{, A. Formica}135_,

A. Forti81_{, D. Fortin}158a_{, J.M. Foster}81_{, D. Fournier}114_{, A. Foussat}29_{, A.J. Fowler}44_{, K. Fowler}136_{, H. Fox}70_,

P. Francavilla11_{, S. Franchino}118a,118b_{, D. Francis}29_{, T. Frank}170_{, M. Franklin}57_{, S. Franz}29_{, M. Fraternali}118a,118b_,

S. Fratina119, S.T. French27, F. Friedrich43, R. Froeschl29, D. Froidevaux29, J.A. Frost27, C. Fukunaga155,

E. Fullana Torregrosa29, J. Fuster166, C. Gabaldon29, O. Gabizon170, T. Gadfort24, S. Gadomski49,

G. Gagliardi50a,50b, P. Gagnon60, C. Galea97, E.J. Gallas117, V. Gallo16, B.J. Gallop128, P. Gallus124, K.K. Gan108,

Y.S. Gao142,e, V.A. Gapienko127, A. Gaponenko14, F. Garberson174, M. Garcia-Sciveres14, C. Garc´ıa166, J.E. Garc´ıa

Navarro166, R.W. Gardner30, N. Garelli29, H. Garitaonandia104, V. Garonne29, J. Garvey17, C. Gatti47,

G. Gaudio118a_{, B. Gaur}140_{, L. Gauthier}135_{, I.L. Gavrilenko}93_{, C. Gay}167_{, G. Gaycken}20_{, J-C. Gayde}29_{, E.N. Gazis}9_,

P. Ge32d_{, C.N.P. Gee}128_{, D.A.A. Geerts}104_{, Ch. Geich-Gimbel}20_{, K. Gellerstedt}145a,145b_{, C. Gemme}50a_,

A. Gemmell53_{, M.H. Genest}55_{, S. Gentile}131a,131b_{, M. George}54_{, S. George}75_{, P. Gerlach}173_{, A. Gershon}152_,

C. Geweniger58a_{, H. Ghazlane}134b_{, N. Ghodbane}33_{, B. Giacobbe}19a_{, S. Giagu}131a,131b_{, V. Giakoumopoulou}8_,

V. Giangiobbe11_{, F. Gianotti}29_{, B. Gibbard}24_{, A. Gibson}157_{, S.M. Gibson}29_{, L.M. Gilbert}117_{, V. Gilewsky}90_,

D. Gillberg28_{, A.R. Gillman}128_{, D.M. Gingrich}2,d_{, J. Ginzburg}152_{, N. Giokaris}8_{, M.P. Giordani}163c_,

R. Giordano101a,101b_{, F.M. Giorgi}15_{, P. Giovannini}98_{, P.F. Giraud}135_{, D. Giugni}88a_{, M. Giunta}92_{, P. Giusti}19a_,

B.K. Gjelsten116_{, L.K. Gladilin}96_{, C. Glasman}79_{, J. Glatzer}48_{, A. Glazov}41_{, K.W. Glitza}173_{, G.L. Glonti}64_,

J.R. Goddard74_{, J. Godfrey}141_{, J. Godlewski}29_{, M. Goebel}41_{, T. G¨opfert}43_{, C. Goeringer}80_{, C. G¨ossling}42_,

T. G¨ottfert98_{, S. Goldfarb}86_{, T. Golling}174_{, A. Gomes}123a,b_{, L.S. Gomez Fajardo}41_{, R. Gon¸calo}75_,

J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino Da Costa41, L. Gonella20, A. Gonidec29, S. Gonzalez171, S. Gonz´alez de la Hoz166,

G. Gonzalez Parra11, M.L. Gonzalez Silva26, S. Gonzalez-Sevilla49, J.J. Goodson147, L. Goossens29,

P.A. Gorbounov94, H.A. Gordon24, I. Gorelov102, G. Gorfine173, B. Gorini29, E. Gorini71a,71b, A. Goriˇsek73,

E. Gornicki38, S.A. Gorokhov127, V.N. Goryachev127, B. Gosdzik41, M. Gosselink104, M.I. Gostkin64,

I. Gough Eschrich162, M. Gouighri134a, D. Goujdami134c, M.P. Goulette49, A.G. Goussiou137, C. Goy4,

S. Gozpinar22_{, I. Grabowska-Bold}37_{, P. Grafstr¨om}29_{, K-J. Grahn}41_{, F. Grancagnolo}71a_{, S. Grancagnolo}15_,

V. Grassi147_{, V. Gratchev}120_{, N. Grau}34_{, H.M. Gray}29_{, J.A. Gray}147_{, E. Graziani}133a_{, O.G. Grebenyuk}120_,

T. Greenshaw72_{, Z.D. Greenwood}24,l_{, K. Gregersen}35_{, I.M. Gregor}41_{, P. Grenier}142_{, J. Griffiths}137_,

N. Grigalashvili64_{, A.A. Grillo}136_{, S. Grinstein}11_{, Y.V. Grishkevich}96_{, J.-F. Grivaz}114_{, M. Groh}98_{, E. Gross}170_,

J. Grosse-Knetter54_{, J. Groth-Jensen}170_{, K. Grybel}140_{, V.J. Guarino}5_{, D. Guest}174_{, C. Guicheney}33_,

A. Guida71a,71b_{, S. Guindon}54_{, H. Guler}84,n_{, J. Gunther}124_{, B. Guo}157_{, J. Guo}34_{, A. Gupta}30_{, Y. Gusakov}64_,

V.N. Gushchin127_{, P. Gutierrez}110_{, N. Guttman}152_{, O. Gutzwiller}171_{, C. Guyot}135_{, C. Gwenlan}117_{, C.B. Gwilliam}72_,

A. Haas142_{, S. Haas}29_{, C. Haber}14_{, H.K. Hadavand}39_{, D.R. Hadley}17_{, P. Haefner}98_{, F. Hahn}29_{, S. Haider}29_,

Z. Hajduk38_{, H. Hakobyan}175_{, D. Hall}117_{, J. Haller}54_{, K. Hamacher}173_{, P. Hamal}112_{, M. Hamer}54_,

A. Hamilton144b,o_{, S. Hamilton}160_{, H. Han}32a_{, L. Han}32b_{, K. Hanagaki}115_{, K. Hanawa}159_{, M. Hance}14_{, C. Handel}80_,

P. Hanke58a, J.R. Hansen35, J.B. Hansen35, J.D. Hansen35, P.H. Hansen35, P. Hansson142, K. Hara159, G.A. Hare136,

T. Harenberg173, S. Harkusha89, D. Harper86, R.D. Harrington45, O.M. Harris137, K. Harrison17, J. Hartert48,

F. Hartjes104, T. Haruyama65, A. Harvey56, S. Hasegawa100, Y. Hasegawa139, S. Hassani135, M. Hatch29, D. Hauff98,

S. Haug16, M. Hauschild29, R. Hauser87, M. Havranek20, B.M. Hawes117, C.M. Hawkes17, R.J. Hawkings29,

A.D. Hawkins78, D. Hawkins162, T. Hayakawa66, T. Hayashi159, D. Hayden75, H.S. Hayward72, S.J. Haywood128,

E. Hazen21_{, M. He}32d_{, S.J. Head}17_{, V. Hedberg}78_{, L. Heelan}7_{, S. Heim}87_{, B. Heinemann}14_{, S. Heisterkamp}35_,

L. Helary4_{, C. Heller}97_{, M. Heller}29_{, S. Hellman}145a,145b_{, D. Hellmich}20_{, C. Helsens}11_{, R.C.W. Henderson}70_,

M. Henke58a_{, A. Henrichs}54_{, A.M. Henriques Correia}29_{, S. Henrot-Versille}114_{, F. Henry-Couannier}82_{, C. Hensel}54_,

T. Henß173_{, C.M. Hernandez}7_{, Y. Hern´andez Jim´enez}166_{, R. Herrberg}15_{, A.D. Hershenhorn}151_{, G. Herten}48_,

R. Hertenberger97_{, L. Hervas}29_{, G.G. Hesketh}76_{, N.P. Hessey}104_{, E. Hig´on-Rodriguez}166_{, D. Hill}5,∗_{, J.C. Hill}27_,

N. Hill5_{, K.H. Hiller}41_{, S. Hillert}20_{, S.J. Hillier}17_{, I. Hinchliffe}14_{, E. Hines}119_{, M. Hirose}115_{, F. Hirsch}42_,

D. Hirschbuehl173_{, J. Hobbs}147_{, N. Hod}152_{, M.C. Hodgkinson}138_{, P. Hodgson}138_{, A. Hoecker}29_{, M.R. Hoeferkamp}102_,

8

Y. Homma66, T.M. Hong119, L. Hooft van Huysduynen107, T. Horazdovsky126, C. Horn142, S. Horner48,

J-Y. Hostachy55, S. Hou150, M.A. Houlden72, A. Hoummada134a, J. Howarth81, D.F. Howell117, I. Hristova15,

J. Hrivnac114, I. Hruska124, T. Hryn’ova4, P.J. Hsu80, S.-C. Hsu14, G.S. Huang110, Z. Hubacek126, F. Hubaut82,

F. Huegging20_{, A. Huettmann}41_{, T.B. Huffman}117_{, E.W. Hughes}34_{, G. Hughes}70_{, R.E. Hughes-Jones}81_,

M. Huhtinen29_{, P. Hurst}57_{, M. Hurwitz}14_{, U. Husemann}41_{, N. Huseynov}64,p_{, J. Huston}87_{, J. Huth}57_{, G. Iacobucci}49_,

G. Iakovidis9_{, M. Ibbotson}81_{, I. Ibragimov}140_{, R. Ichimiya}66_{, L. Iconomidou-Fayard}114_{, J. Idarraga}114_{, P. Iengo}101a_,

O. Igonkina104_{, Y. Ikegami}65_{, M. Ikeno}65_{, Y. Ilchenko}39_{, D. Iliadis}153_{, N. Ilic}157_{, M. Imori}154_{, T. Ince}20_,

J. Inigo-Golfin29_{, P. Ioannou}8_{, M. Iodice}133a_{, V. Ippolito}131a,131b_{, A. Irles Quiles}166_{, C. Isaksson}165_{, A. Ishikawa}66_,

M. Ishino67_{, R. Ishmukhametov}39_{, C. Issever}117_{, S. Istin}18a_{, A.V. Ivashin}127_{, W. Iwanski}38_{, H. Iwasaki}65_,

J.M. Izen40_{, V. Izzo}101a_{, B. Jackson}119_{, J.N. Jackson}72_{, P. Jackson}142_{, M.R. Jaekel}29_{, V. Jain}60_{, K. Jakobs}48_,

S. Jakobsen35_{, J. Jakubek}126_{, D.K. Jana}110_{, E. Jankowski}157_{, E. Jansen}76_{, H. Jansen}29_{, A. Jantsch}98_{, M. Janus}20_,

G. Jarlskog78_{, L. Jeanty}57_{, K. Jelen}37_{, I. Jen-La Plante}30_{, P. Jenni}29_{, A. Jeremie}4_{, P. Jeˇz}35_{, S. J´ez´equel}4_,

M.K. Jha19a_{, H. Ji}171_{, W. Ji}80_{, J. Jia}147_{, Y. Jiang}32b_{, M. Jimenez Belenguer}41_{, G. Jin}32b_{, S. Jin}32a_{, O. Jinnouchi}156_,

M.D. Joergensen35, D. Joffe39, L.G. Johansen13, M. Johansen145a,145b, K.E. Johansson145a, P. Johansson138,

S. Johnert41, K.A. Johns6, K. Jon-And145a,145b, G. Jones117, R.W.L. Jones70, T.W. Jones76, T.J. Jones72,

O. Jonsson29, C. Joram29, P.M. Jorge123a, J. Joseph14, J. Jovicevic146, T. Jovin12b, X. Ju171, C.A. Jung42,

R.M. Jungst29, V. Juranek124, P. Jussel61, A. Juste Rozas11, V.V. Kabachenko127, S. Kabana16, M. Kaci166,

A. Kaczmarska38, P. Kadlecik35, M. Kado114, H. Kagan108, M. Kagan57, S. Kaiser98, E. Kajomovitz151,

S. Kalinin173_{, L.V. Kalinovskaya}64_{, S. Kama}39_{, N. Kanaya}154_{, M. Kaneda}29_{, S. Kaneti}27_{, T. Kanno}156_,

V.A. Kantserov95_{, J. Kanzaki}65_{, B. Kaplan}174_{, A. Kapliy}30_{, J. Kaplon}29_{, D. Kar}43_{, M. Karagounis}20_,

M. Karagoz117_{, M. Karnevskiy}41_{, K. Karr}5_{, V. Kartvelishvili}70_{, A.N. Karyukhin}127_{, L. Kashif}171_{, G. Kasieczka}58b_,

R.D. Kass108_{, A. Kastanas}13_{, M. Kataoka}4_{, Y. Kataoka}154_{, E. Katsoufis}9_{, J. Katzy}41_{, V. Kaushik}6_{, K. Kawagoe}66_,

T. Kawamoto154_{, G. Kawamura}80_{, M.S. Kayl}104_{, V.A. Kazanin}106_{, M.Y. Kazarinov}64_{, R. Keeler}168_{, R. Kehoe}39_,

M. Keil54_{, G.D. Kekelidze}64_{, J. Kennedy}97_{, C.J. Kenney}142_{, M. Kenyon}53_{, O. Kepka}124_{, N. Kerschen}29_,

B.P. Kerˇsevan73_{, S. Kersten}173_{, K. Kessoku}154_{, J. Keung}157_{, F. Khalil-zada}10_{, H. Khandanyan}164_{, A. Khanov}111_,

D. Kharchenko64_{, A. Khodinov}95_{, A.G. Kholodenko}127_{, A. Khomich}58a_{, T.J. Khoo}27_{, G. Khoriauli}20_,

A. Khoroshilov173_{, N. Khovanskiy}64_{, V. Khovanskiy}94_{, E. Khramov}64_{, J. Khubua}51b_{, H. Kim}145a,145b_{, M.S. Kim}2_,

S.H. Kim159_{, N. Kimura}169_{, O. Kind}15_{, B.T. King}72_{, M. King}66_{, R.S.B. King}117_{, J. Kirk}128_{, L.E. Kirsch}22_,

A.E. Kiryunin98, T. Kishimoto66, D. Kisielewska37, T. Kittelmann122, A.M. Kiver127, E. Kladiva143b,

J. Klaiber-Lodewigs42, M. Klein72, U. Klein72, K. Kleinknecht80, M. Klemetti84, A. Klier170, P. Klimek145a,145b,

A. Klimentov24, R. Klingenberg42, J.A. Klinger81, E.B. Klinkby35, T. Klioutchnikova29, P.F. Klok103, S. Klous104,

E.-E. Kluge58a, T. Kluge72, P. Kluit104, S. Kluth98, N.S. Knecht157, E. Kneringer61, J. Knobloch29,

E.B.F.G. Knoops82, A. Knue54, B.R. Ko44, T. Kobayashi154, M. Kobel43, M. Kocian142, P. Kodys125, K. K¨oneke29,

A.C. K¨onig103_{, S. Koenig}80_{, L. K¨opke}80_{, F. Koetsveld}103_{, P. Koevesarki}20_{, T. Koffas}28_{, E. Koffeman}104_,

L.A. Kogan117_{, F. Kohn}54_{, Z. Kohout}126_{, T. Kohriki}65_{, T. Koi}142_{, T. Kokott}20_{, G.M. Kolachev}106_{, H. Kolanoski}15_,

V. Kolesnikov64_{, I. Koletsou}88a_{, J. Koll}87_{, M. Kollefrath}48_{, S.D. Kolya}81_{, A.A. Komar}93_{, Y. Komori}154_{, T. Kondo}65_,

T. Kono41,q_{, A.I. Kononov}48_{, R. Konoplich}107,r_{, N. Konstantinidis}76_{, A. Kootz}173_{, S. Koperny}37_{, K. Korcyl}38_,

K. Kordas153_{, V. Koreshev}127_{, A. Korn}117_{, A. Korol}106_{, I. Korolkov}11_{, E.V. Korolkova}138_{, V.A. Korotkov}127_,

O. Kortner98_{, S. Kortner}98_{, V.V. Kostyukhin}20_{, M.J. Kotam¨aki}29_{, S. Kotov}98_{, V.M. Kotov}64_{, A. Kotwal}44_,

C. Kourkoumelis8_{, V. Kouskoura}153_{, A. Koutsman}158a_{, R. Kowalewski}168_{, T.Z. Kowalski}37_{, W. Kozanecki}135_,

A.S. Kozhin127_{, V. Kral}126_{, V.A. Kramarenko}96_{, G. Kramberger}73_{, M.W. Krasny}77_{, A. Krasznahorkay}107_,

J. Kraus87_{, J.K. Kraus}20_{, A. Kreisel}152_{, F. Krejci}126_{, J. Kretzschmar}72_{, N. Krieger}54_{, P. Krieger}157_,

K. Kroeninger54_{, H. Kroha}98_{, J. Kroll}119_{, J. Kroseberg}20_{, J. Krstic}12a_{, U. Kruchonak}64_{, H. Kr¨uger}20_{, T. Kruker}16_,

N. Krumnack63, Z.V. Krumshteyn64, A. Kruth20, T. Kubota85, S. Kuday3a, S. Kuehn48, A. Kugel58c, T. Kuhl41,

D. Kuhn61, V. Kukhtin64, Y. Kulchitsky89, S. Kuleshov31b, C. Kummer97, M. Kuna77, N. Kundu117, J. Kunkle119,

A. Kupco124, H. Kurashige66, M. Kurata159, Y.A. Kurochkin89, V. Kus124, E.S. Kuwertz146, M. Kuze156,

J. Kvita141, R. Kwee15, A. La Rosa49, L. La Rotonda36a,36b, L. Labarga79, J. Labbe4, S. Lablak134a, C. Lacasta166,

F. Lacava131a,131b, H. Lacker15, D. Lacour77, V.R. Lacuesta166, E. Ladygin64, R. Lafaye4, B. Laforge77,

T. Lagouri79_{, S. Lai}48_{, E. Laisne}55_{, M. Lamanna}29_{, C.L. Lampen}6_{, W. Lampl}6_{, E. Lancon}135_{, U. Landgraf}48_,

M.P.J. Landon74_{, J.L. Lane}81_{, C. Lange}41_{, A.J. Lankford}162_{, F. Lanni}24_{, K. Lantzsch}173_{, S. Laplace}77_{, C. Lapoire}20_,

J.F. Laporte135_{, T. Lari}88a_{, A.V. Larionov}127_{, A. Larner}117_{, C. Lasseur}29_{, M. Lassnig}29_{, P. Laurelli}47_,

V. Lavorini36a,36b_{, W. Lavrijsen}14_{, P. Laycock}72_{, A.B. Lazarev}64_{, O. Le Dortz}77_{, E. Le Guirriec}82_{, C. Le Maner}157_,

E. Le Menedeu9_{, C. Lebel}92_{, T. LeCompte}5_{, F. Ledroit-Guillon}55_{, H. Lee}104_{, J.S.H. Lee}115_{, S.C. Lee}150_{, L. Lee}174_,

M. Lefebvre168_{, M. Legendre}135_{, A. Leger}49_{, B.C. LeGeyt}119_{, F. Legger}97_{, C. Leggett}14_{, M. Lehmacher}20_,

G. Lehmann Miotto29_{, X. Lei}6_{, M.A.L. Leite}23d_{, R. Leitner}125_{, D. Lellouch}170_{, M. Leltchouk}34_{, B. Lemmer}54_,

C. Leroy92, J-R. Lessard168, J. Lesser145a, C.G. Lester27, A. Leung Fook Cheong171, J. Levˆeque4, D. Levin86,

L.J. Levinson170, M.S. Levitski127, A. Lewis117, G.H. Lewis107, A.M. Leyko20, M. Leyton15, B. Li82, H. Li171,s,

S. Li32b,t, X. Li86, Z. Liang117,u, H. Liao33, B. Liberti132a, P. Lichard29, M. Lichtnecker97, K. Lie164, W. Liebig13,

R. Lifshitz151_{, C. Limbach}20_{, A. Limosani}85_{, M. Limper}62_{, S.C. Lin}150,v_{, F. Linde}104_{, J.T. Linnemann}87_,

E. Lipeles119_{, L. Lipinsky}124_{, A. Lipniacka}13_{, T.M. Liss}164_{, D. Lissauer}24_{, A. Lister}49_{, A.M. Litke}136_{, C. Liu}28_,

D. Liu150_{, H. Liu}86_{, J.B. Liu}86_{, M. Liu}32b_{, Y. Liu}32b_{, M. Livan}118a,118b_{, S.S.A. Livermore}117_{, A. Lleres}55_,

J. Llorente Merino79_{, S.L. Lloyd}74_{, E. Lobodzinska}41_{, P. Loch}6_{, W.S. Lockman}136_{, T. Loddenkoetter}20_,

F.K. Loebinger81_{, A. Loginov}174_{, C.W. Loh}167_{, T. Lohse}15_{, K. Lohwasser}48_{, M. Lokajicek}124_{, J. Loken} 117_,

V.P. Lombardo4_{, R.E. Long}70_{, L. Lopes}123a_{, D. Lopez Mateos}57_{, J. Lorenz}97_{, N. Lorenzo Martinez}114_{, M. Losada}161_,

P. Loscutoff14_{, F. Lo Sterzo}131a,131b_{, M.J. Losty}158a_{, X. Lou}40_{, A. Lounis}114_{, K.F. Loureiro}161_{, J. Love}21_,

P.A. Love70_{, A.J. Lowe}142,e_{, F. Lu}32a_{, H.J. Lubatti}137_{, C. Luci}131a,131b_{, A. Lucotte}55_{, A. Ludwig}43_{, D. Ludwig}41_,

I. Ludwig48_{, J. Ludwig}48_{, F. Luehring}60_{, G. Luijckx}104_{, D. Lumb}48_{, L. Luminari}131a_{, E. Lund}116_,

B. Lund-Jensen146_{, B. Lundberg}78_{, J. Lundberg}145a,145b_{, J. Lundquist}35_{, M. Lungwitz}80_{, G. Lutz}98_{, D. Lynn}24_,

J. Lys14, E. Lytken78, H. Ma24, L.L. Ma171, J.A. Macana Goia92, G. Maccarrone47, A. Macchiolo98, B. Maˇcek73,

J. Machado Miguens123a, R. Mackeprang35, R.J. Madaras14, W.F. Mader43, R. Maenner58c, T. Maeno24,

P. M¨attig173, S. M¨attig41, L. Magnoni29, E. Magradze54, Y. Mahalalel152, K. Mahboubi48, G. Mahout17,

C. Maiani131a,131b, C. Maidantchik23a, A. Maio123a,b, S. Majewski24, Y. Makida65, N. Makovec114, P. Mal135,

B. Malaescu29, Pa. Malecki38, P. Malecki38, V.P. Maleev120, F. Malek55, U. Mallik62, D. Malon5, C. Malone142,

S. Maltezos9_{, V. Malyshev}106_{, S. Malyukov}29_{, R. Mameghani}97_{, J. Mamuzic}12b_{, A. Manabe}65_{, L. Mandelli}88a_,

I. Mandi´c73_{, R. Mandrysch}15_{, J. Maneira}123a_{, P.S. Mangeard}87_{, L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho}23a_{, I.D. Manjavidze}64_,

A. Mann54_{, P.M. Manning}136_{, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis}8_{, B. Mansoulie}135_{, A. Manz}98_{, A. Mapelli}29_{, L. Mapelli}29_,

L. March79_{, J.F. Marchand}28_{, F. Marchese}132a,132b_{, G. Marchiori}77_{, M. Marcisovsky}124_{, C.P. Marino}168_,

F. Marroquim23a_{, R. Marshall}81_{, Z. Marshall}29_{, F.K. Martens}157_{, S. Marti-Garcia}166_{, A.J. Martin}174_{, B. Martin}29_,

B. Martin87_{, F.F. Martin}119_{, J.P. Martin}92_{, Ph. Martin}55_{, T.A. Martin}17_{, V.J. Martin}45_{, B. Martin dit Latour}49_,

S. Martin-Haugh148_{, M. Martinez}11_{, V. Martinez Outschoorn}57_{, A.C. Martyniuk}168_{, M. Marx}81_{, F. Marzano}131a_,

A. Marzin110_{, L. Masetti}80_{, T. Mashimo}154_{, R. Mashinistov}93_{, J. Masik}81_{, A.L. Maslennikov}106_{, I. Massa}19a,19b_,

G. Massaro104_{, N. Massol}4_{, P. Mastrandrea}131a,131b_{, A. Mastroberardino}36a,36b_{, T. Masubuchi}154_{, P. Matricon}114_,

H. Matsumoto154_{, H. Matsunaga}154_{, T. Matsushita}66_{, C. Mattravers}117,c_{, J.M. Maugain}29_{, J. Maurer}82_,

S.J. Maxfield72, D.A. Maximov106,f, E.N. May5, A. Mayne138, R. Mazini150, M. Mazur20, M. Mazzanti88a,

S.P. Mc Kee86, A. McCarn164, R.L. McCarthy147, T.G. McCarthy28, N.A. McCubbin128, K.W. McFarlane56,

J.A. Mcfayden138, H. McGlone53, G. Mchedlidze51b, R.A. McLaren29, T. Mclaughlan17, S.J. McMahon128,

R.A. McPherson168,j, A. Meade83, J. Mechnich104, M. Mechtel173, M. Medinnis41, R. Meera-Lebbai110,

T. Meguro115, R. Mehdiyev92, S. Mehlhase35, A. Mehta72, K. Meier58a, B. Meirose78, C. Melachrinos30,

B.R. Mellado Garcia171_{, L. Mendoza Navas}161_{, Z. Meng}150,s_{, A. Mengarelli}19a,19b_{, S. Menke}98_{, C. Menot}29_,

E. Meoni11_{, K.M. Mercurio}57_{, P. Mermod}49_{, L. Merola}101a,101b_{, C. Meroni}88a_{, F.S. Merritt}30_{, H. Merritt}108_,

A. Messina29_{, J. Metcalfe}102_{, A.S. Mete}63_{, C. Meyer}80_{, C. Meyer}30_{, J-P. Meyer}135_{, J. Meyer}172_{, J. Meyer}54_,

T.C. Meyer29_{, W.T. Meyer}63_{, J. Miao}32d_{, S. Michal}29_{, L. Micu}25a_{, R.P. Middleton}128_{, S. Migas}72_{, L. Mijovi´c}41_,

G. Mikenberg170_{, M. Mikestikova}124_{, M. Mikuˇz}73_{, D.W. Miller}30_{, R.J. Miller}87_{, W.J. Mills}167_{, C. Mills}57_,

A. Milov170_{, D.A. Milstead}145a,145b_{, D. Milstein}170_{, A.A. Minaenko}127_{, M. Mi˜nano Moya}166_{, I.A. Minashvili}64_,

A.I. Mincer107_{, B. Mindur}37_{, M. Mineev}64_{, Y. Ming}171_{, L.M. Mir}11_{, G. Mirabelli}131a_{, L. Miralles Verge}11_,

A. Misiejuk75_{, J. Mitrevski}136_{, G.Y. Mitrofanov}127_{, V.A. Mitsou}166_{, S. Mitsui}65_{, P.S. Miyagawa}138_{, K. Miyazaki}66_,

J.U. Mj¨ornmark78_{, T. Moa}145a,145b_{, P. Mockett}137_{, S. Moed}57_{, V. Moeller}27_{, K. M¨onig}41_{, N. M¨oser}20_,

S. Mohapatra147_{, W. Mohr}48_{, S. Mohrdieck-M¨ock}98_{, A.M. Moisseev}127,∗_{, R. Moles-Valls}166_{, J. Molina-Perez}29_,

J. Monk76, E. Monnier82, S. Montesano88a,88b, F. Monticelli69, S. Monzani19a,19b, R.W. Moore2, G.F. Moorhead85,

C. Mora Herrera49, A. Moraes53, N. Morange135, J. Morel54, G. Morello36a,36b, D. Moreno80, M. Moreno Ll´acer166,

P. Morettini50a, M. Morgenstern43, M. Morii57, J. Morin74, A.K. Morley29, G. Mornacchi29, S.V. Morozov95,

J.D. Morris74, L. Morvaj100, H.G. Moser98, M. Mosidze51b, J. Moss108, R. Mount142, E. Mountricha9,w,

S.V. Mouraviev93, E.J.W. Moyse83, M. Mudrinic12b, F. Mueller58a, J. Mueller122, K. Mueller20, T.A. M¨uller97,

T. Mueller80_{, D. Muenstermann}29_{, A. Muir}167_{, Y. Munwes}152_{, W.J. Murray}128_{, I. Mussche}104_{, E. Musto}101a,101b_,

A.G. Myagkov127_{, M. Myska}124_{, J. Nadal}11_{, K. Nagai}159_{, K. Nagano}65_{, A. Nagarkar}108_{, Y. Nagasaka}59_{, M. Nagel}98_,

A.M. Nairz29_{, Y. Nakahama}29_{, K. Nakamura}154_{, T. Nakamura}154_{, I. Nakano}109_{, G. Nanava}20_{, A. Napier}160_,

R. Narayan58b_{, M. Nash}76,c_{, N.R. Nation}21_{, T. Nattermann}20_{, T. Naumann}41_{, G. Navarro}161_{, H.A. Neal}86_,

E. Nebot79_{, P.Yu. Nechaeva}93_{, T.J. Neep}81_{, A. Negri}118a,118b_{, G. Negri}29_{, S. Nektarijevic}49_{, A. Nelson}162_,

S. Nelson142_{, T.K. Nelson}142_{, S. Nemecek}124_{, P. Nemethy}107_{, A.A. Nepomuceno}23a_{, M. Nessi}29,x_{, M.S. Neubauer}164_,

A. Neusiedl80_{, R.M. Neves}107_{, P. Nevski}24_{, P.R. Newman}17_{, V. Nguyen Thi Hong}135_{, R.B. Nickerson}117_,